CN102455324A - DCT based method for extracting acoustical signal characteristics of grain and oil, and system thereof - Google Patents
DCT based method for extracting acoustical signal characteristics of grain and oil, and system thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102455324A CN102455324A CN2010105098703A CN201010509870A CN102455324A CN 102455324 A CN102455324 A CN 102455324A CN 2010105098703 A CN2010105098703 A CN 2010105098703A CN 201010509870 A CN201010509870 A CN 201010509870A CN 102455324 A CN102455324 A CN 102455324A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a discrete cosine transform (DCT) based method for extracting acoustic signal characteristics of grain and oil. The method comprises: sending grain or oil seeds into an acoustic signal collection box for colliding with a metal target so as to generate acoustic signals, which are then received by an acoustic sensor, subjecting the received acoustic signals to filtering and amplification and then transmitting the signals to a data collection card, which conducts A/D (analogue/digital) conversion to the acoustic signals, and storing the collected acoustic data, which are then subjected to discrete cosine transform, extracting the frequency-energy ratio of a converted specific frequency band to serve as characteristics, which are used to establish a relationship with the quality characteristics of grain or oil. By utilizing the acoustic characteristics of grain and oil seeds and combining the discrete cosine transform technology, the method of the invention can carry out nondestructive testing to the quality characteristics of grain and oil, and has the advantages of simplicity, rapidity, stable testing result, and high resolution.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the lossless detection method of a kind of grain and oil plant quality.
Background technology
The qualitative characteristics of grain and oil plant and its purposes have directly gets in touch, and therefore the price with grain and oil plant also has confidential relation.Method and the instrument of measuring grain and oil plant quality have had a lot; For example; The method of measuring wheat hardness has pressure application, polishing, granularity index method, near infrared method etc., these methods or time-consuming, effort, can not The real time measure, or cost of determination is too high and can't popularize.Therefore, need to seek a kind of easy, harmless, grain and oil plant quality determination method that cost is low.Closely for decades, information science technology develops rapidly, utilizes signal processing technology from the strike note tone signal of grain and oil plant seed, to extract Useful Information, can detect the quality characteristic of grain and oil plant based on this principle.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of grain objective, easy, harmless, with low cost and oil plant quality determination method.
For realizing above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
Among the present invention; A kind of based on DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform; Discrete cosine transform) grain and oil plant acoustical signal feature extracting method and system are meant: utilize the acoustic characteristic of grain and oil plant seed, in conjunction with the discrete cosine transform technology; Qualitative characteristics to grain and oil plant carries out Non-Destructive Testing, and detailed process is following:
(1) grain or oil plant seed are put into the signals collecting case, make the metallic target of its bump vasculum bottom produce voice signal;
(2) sound transducer receives the voice signal of grain or oil plant seed bump, and after filtering and amplifying, data collecting card carries out the A/D conversion to voice signal, and computing machine is preserved the sound signal data that collects;
(3) utilize end-point detecting method to detect the starting point and the terminal point of each grain or the oil plant seed bump voice signal that produces;
(4) calculate the discrete cosine transform of the strike note sound data that each grain or oil plant seed confirmed by above starting point and terminal point, give up remaining ground unrest;
(5) each grain or oil plant seed are calculated f
3～f
4Energy w in the frequency range
0Account for f
1～f
2The ratio of frequency band energy w promptly frequently can compare w
0/ w, wherein frequency f
1＜f
3＜f
4＜f
2, and all seeds that will calculate gained frequently can than mean value as characteristic;
(6) adopt homing method, setting up the average frequency that extracts can be than the regretional analysis forecast model of characteristic and grain or oil plant grain quality index;
(7) measure the index of quality of grain and oil plant based on above relational model.
Described grain or oil plant seed clash into the metallic target of vasculum bottom with simple grain free-falling mode.
Described grain or oil plant seed clash into the metallic target of vasculum bottom with firm discharge free-falling mode.
Described grain seed is any one in wheat, paddy rice, brown rice, rice, corn, the mung bean; Described oil plant seed is any one in rapeseed, peanut, the soybean.
Among the present invention, a kind of grain and oil plant acoustical signal Feature Extraction System based on DCT, it comprises automatic feeder, automatic feeder communicates with vasculum; In the bottom of said vasculum metallic target and sound transducer are set, the voice signal of sound transducer collection is sent into main frame through filter filtering, amplifier after amplifying, and described main frame is the main frame that comprises data collecting card.
On the inwall of described vasculum, insulation material layer is housed.
Adopt the present invention of technique scheme; Owing to be the acoustic characteristic of utilizing grain and oil plant seed; And combine the discrete cosine transform technology, and can detect the quality characteristic of grain and oil plant objectively, realized the simple grain to grain and oil plant quality characteristic, easy, harmless, detection cheaply.Simultaneously, utilize the different acoustic features and the relational model of the index of quality set up, also can realize the grain or a plurality of index of quality of oil plant fast, detection simultaneously.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a system architecture synoptic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is system framework figure of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a signal handler process flow diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
The present invention does with detailed description below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment:
Measure the Hardness of wheat index.As shown in Figure 3, the present invention is an acoustic characteristic of utilizing wheat seed, in conjunction with the discrete cosine transform technology, Hardness of wheat is carried out Non-Destructive Testing, and detailed process is following:
(1) wheat seed is put into the signals collecting case, make the metallic target of its bump vasculum bottom produce voice signal;
(2) sound transducer receives the voice signal of wheat seed bump, and after filtering, amplifying, data collecting card carries out the A/D conversion to voice signal, and computing machine is preserved the sound signal data that collects;
(3) utilize end-point detecting method to detect the starting point and the terminal point of each wheat seed bump voice signal that produces; In implementing this step; Can be according to the difference of wheat seed voice signal and ground unrest amplitude; Confirm an amplitude threshold, detect the starting point and the terminal point of each wheat seed bump voice signal that produces in view of the above; Also can detect according to other end-point detection method such as energy, frequency spectrum;
(4) calculate the discrete cosine transform of the strike note sound data that each wheat seed confirmed by above starting point and terminal point, give up remaining ground unrest;
(5) each wheat seed is calculated f
3～f
4Energy w in the frequency range
0Account for f
1～f
2The ratio of frequency band energy w promptly frequently can compare w
0/ w, wherein f
1=20KHz, f
2=100KHz, f
1＜f
3＜f
4＜f
2, and all seeds that will calculate gained frequently can than mean value as characteristic;
(6) utilize the one-variable linear regression method; Setting up the average frequency that extracts can be than the regretional analysis forecast model of characteristic and wheat hardness, and expression formula is y=Ax+B, and wherein independent variable x is that average frequency can be than characteristic parameter; Dependent variable y is the wheat hardness of prediction, and A and B are regression coefficient;
(7) measure the Hardness of wheat index based on above relational model.
In the present embodiment; Wheat seed clashes into the metallic target of vasculum bottom with simple grain free-falling mode; In addition, can also adopt wheat seed is clashed into the metallic target of vasculum bottom with firm discharge free-falling mode, its flow is as long as guarantee constant.
State on the implementation in the process of method, also need relate to a kind of grain and oil plant acoustical signal Feature Extraction System based on discrete cosine transform, as shown in Figure 2, this system comprises that the wheat voice signal produces system, signal acquiring system and signal processing system.Its principle is: produce voice signal after wheat is put into voice signal generation system, utilize signal acquiring system that voice signal is gathered, the voice data that collects is sent to signal processing system handles.
Wheat voice signal generation system comprises charging, bump sounding, sound insulation three parts, utilizes feed arrangement to make wheat seed pursue a free-falling, strikes the metallic target of vasculum bottom, the signal of sounding.Specifically, as shown in Figure 1, wheat voice signal generation system comprises automatic feeder 1, and automatic feeder 1 communicates with vasculum 2; In the bottom of vasculum 2 metallic target 3 is set.In addition, for preventing the interference of external noise, at the inwall of vasculum sound-proof material is housed, with the isolating exterior noise.Above-mentioned sound-proof material can be selected sound-insulating felt, fiberboard or plank or the like for use.
Signal acquiring system comprises sound transducer 4, wave filter 5, signal amplifier 6 and data collecting card.Sound transducer 4 is in signals collecting case 2 inside, through line 9 with voice data be sent to wave filter 5, signal amplifier 6 is nursed one's health, the voice signal of data collecting card after to conditioning carries out the A/D conversion, the voice data of collection is kept in the main frame 7.Show that for convenient main frame 7 also is connected with display 8.
For verifying experiment effect of the present invention, present embodiment selects 10 wheat samples to make an experiment, and the hardness that each sample is corresponding and the eigenwert of extraction are as shown in table 1:
Table 1
Can draw according to data shown in the table 1, wheat is average frequently to be than the regression equation of characteristic and wheat hardness: y=383.91x～58.991.
Can measure Hardness of wheat based on above principle and relational model later on, thereby realize the simple grain to wheat hardness, easy, harmless, detection cheaply.
Measure the mass of 1000 kernel index of wheat.As shown in Figure 3, the present invention is an acoustic characteristic of utilizing wheat seed, in conjunction with discrete cosine transform technology, the mass of 1000 kernel of wheat is carried out Non-Destructive Testing, and detailed process is following:
(1) wheat seed is put into the signals collecting case, make the metallic target of its bump vasculum bottom produce voice signal;
(2) sound transducer receives the voice signal of wheat seed bump, and after filtering, amplifying, data collecting card carries out the A/D conversion to voice signal, and computing machine is preserved the sound signal data that collects;
(3) utilize end-point detecting method to detect the starting point and the terminal point of each wheat seed bump voice signal that produces; In implementing this step; Can be according to the difference of wheat seed voice signal and ground unrest amplitude; Confirm an amplitude threshold, detect the starting point and the terminal point of each wheat seed bump voice signal that produces in view of the above; Also can detect according to other end-point detection method such as energy, frequency spectrum;
(4) calculate the discrete cosine transform of the strike note sound data that each wheat seed confirmed by above starting point and terminal point, give up remaining ground unrest;
(5) each wheat seed is calculated f
3～f
4Energy w in the frequency range
0Account for f
1～f
2The ratio of frequency band energy w promptly frequently can compare w
0/ w, wherein f
1=20KHz, f
2=100KHz, f
1＜f
3＜f
4＜f
2, and all seeds that will calculate gained frequently can than mean value as characteristic;
(6) utilize the polynomial regression method, setting up the average frequency that extracts can be than the regretional analysis forecast model of characteristic and thousand grain weight of wheat, and expression formula is y=β
0+ β
1X+ β
2x
2+ ... + β
nx
n, wherein independent variable x is that average frequency can be than characteristic parameter, dependent variable y is the thousand grain weight of wheat of prediction, β
0, β
1, β
2β
nBe regression coefficient, Integer n is corresponding recurrence index;
(7) measure the mass of 1000 kernel index of wheat based on above relational model.
In the present embodiment; Wheat seed clashes into the metallic target of vasculum bottom with simple grain free-falling mode; In addition, can also adopt wheat seed is clashed into the metallic target of vasculum bottom with firm discharge free-falling mode, its flow is as long as guarantee constant.
State on the implementation in the process of method, also need relate to a kind of grain and oil plant acoustical signal Feature Extraction System based on discrete cosine transform, as shown in Figure 2, this system comprises that the wheat voice signal produces system, signal acquiring system and signal processing system.Its principle is: produce voice signal after wheat is put into voice signal generation system, utilize signal acquiring system that voice signal is gathered, the voice data that collects is sent to signal processing system handles.
Wheat voice signal generation system comprises charging, bump sounding, sound insulation three parts, utilizes feed arrangement to make wheat seed pursue a free-falling, strikes the metallic target of vasculum bottom, the signal of sounding.Specifically, as shown in Figure 1, wheat voice signal generation system comprises automatic feeder 1, and automatic feeder 1 communicates with vasculum 2; In the bottom of vasculum 2 metallic target 3 is set.In addition, for preventing the interference of external noise, at the inwall of vasculum sound-proof material is housed, with the isolating exterior noise.Above-mentioned sound-proof material can be selected sound-insulating felt, fiberboard or plank or the like for use.
Signal acquiring system comprises sound transducer 4, wave filter 5, signal amplifier 6 and data collecting card.Sound transducer 4 is in signals collecting case 2 inside, through line with voice data be sent to wave filter 5, signal amplifier 6 is nursed one's health, the voice signal of data collecting card after to conditioning carries out the A/D conversion, the voice data of collection is kept in the main frame 7.Show that for convenient main frame 7 also is connected with display 8.
For verifying experiment effect of the present invention, present embodiment selects 10 wheat samples to make an experiment, and the mass of 1000 kernel that each sample is corresponding and the eigenwert of extraction are as shown in table 2:
Table 2
Can draw according to data shown in the table 1, wheat is average frequently to be than the regression equation of characteristic and thousand grain weight of wheat: y=598.27x-1976.7x
2
Can measure the mass of 1000 kernel of wheat based on above principle and relational model later on, thereby realize the simple grain to thousand grain weight of wheat, easy, harmless, detection cheaply.
As shown in the figure; Wheat is put into voice signal generation system produce voice signal; Utilize signal acquiring system that voice signal is gathered; The voice data that collects is delivered to signal processing system handle, set up the regression equation of wheat acoustic feature and moisture, realize mensuration wheat water content.
Need to prove, only be that example is explained principle of the present invention with the wheat in the present embodiment, but be not limited to wheat, and the grain seed among the present invention can also be in paddy rice, brown rice, rice, corn, the mung bean any one; The oil plant seed can be in rapeseed, peanut, the soybean any one.
Claims (7)
1. grain and oil plant acoustical signal feature extracting method based on a DCT is characterized in that: utilize the acoustic characteristic of grain and oil plant seed, in conjunction with the discrete cosine transform technology, the qualitative characteristics of grain and oil plant is carried out Non-Destructive Testing, detailed process is following:
(1) grain or oil plant seed are put into the signals collecting case, make the metallic target of its bump vasculum bottom produce voice signal;
(2) sound transducer receives the voice signal of grain or oil plant seed bump, and after filtering and amplifying, data collecting card carries out the A/D conversion to voice signal, and computing machine is preserved the sound signal data that collects;
(3) utilize end-point detecting method to detect the starting point and the terminal point of each grain or the oil plant seed bump voice signal that produces;
(4) calculate the discrete cosine transform of the strike note sound data that each grain or oil plant seed confirmed by above starting point and terminal point, give up remaining ground unrest;
(5) each grain or oil plant seed are calculated f
3～f
4Energy w in the frequency range
0Account for f
1～f
2The ratio of frequency band energy w promptly frequently can compare w
0/ w, wherein frequency f
1＜f
3＜f
4＜f
2, and all seeds that will calculate gained frequently can than mean value as characteristic;
(6) adopt homing method, setting up the average frequency that extracts can be than the regretional analysis forecast model of characteristic and the grain or the oil plant index of quality;
(7) measure the index of quality of grain and oil plant based on above relational model.
2. grain and oil plant acoustical signal feature extracting method based on DCT according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described grain or oil plant seed clash into the metallic target of vasculum bottom with simple grain free-falling mode.
3. grain and oil plant acoustical signal feature extracting method based on DCT according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described grain or oil plant seed clash into the metallic target of vasculum bottom with firm discharge free-falling mode.
4. according to claim 1～3 arbitrary described grain and oil plant acoustical signal feature extracting method based on DCT, it is characterized in that: described grain seed is any one in wheat, paddy rice, brown rice, rice, corn, the mung bean; Described oil plant seed is any one in rapeseed, peanut, the soybean.
5. implement the grain and the oil plant acoustical signal Feature Extraction System based on DCT of the said method of claim 1, it is characterized in that: it comprises automatic feeder (1), and automatic feeder (1) communicates with vasculum (2); Metallic target (3) and sound transducer (4) are set in the bottom of said vasculum (2); The voice signal that sound transducer (4) is gathered is sent into main frame (7) through wave filter (5) filtering, amplifier (6) after amplifying, and described main frame (7) is for comprising the main frame of data collecting card.
6. grain and oil plant acoustical signal Feature Extraction System based on DCT according to claim 5 is characterized in that: on the inwall of described vasculum (2), insulation material layer is housed.
7. grain and oil plant acoustical signal feature extracting method based on DCT according to claim 5 is characterized in that: the material of the vasculum bottom target of described grain or oil plant seed bump can be any one solid material in metal, glass, plastics, the stone material.
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| CN104749249A (en) * | 2015-03-23 | 2015-07-01 | 中国农业大学 | Method for detecting seed purity based on ultrasonic technology |
| CN115683959A (en) * | 2022-11-03 | 2023-02-03 | 北京信息科技大学 | Biomass power generation fuel particle size identification system and method based on collision sound characteristics |
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Application publication date: 20120516 |