CN102449102A - Hydrosols including microbubbles and related methods - Google Patents
Hydrosols including microbubbles and related methods Download PDFInfo
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- CN102449102A CN102449102A CN2010800241775A CN201080024177A CN102449102A CN 102449102 A CN102449102 A CN 102449102A CN 2010800241775 A CN2010800241775 A CN 2010800241775A CN 201080024177 A CN201080024177 A CN 201080024177A CN 102449102 A CN102449102 A CN 102449102A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/08—Materials not undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/10—Liquid materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/0086—Preparation of sols by physical processes
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Abstract
Hydrosols including microbubbles and related methods are described. The microbubbles can increase the reflectivity of the water, thus, brightening the water. Consequently, light which would otherwise be absorbed by the water may be reflected. This limits the increase in water temperature which would otherwise result from such light absorption.
Description
Related application
It is the right of priority of the U.S. Patent Application Serial 61/211,869 of " water-sol and albedo " that the application requires the denomination of invention of the Seitz of submission on April 3rd, 2009, and its content is incorporated this paper into through this incorporated.
Invention field
The present invention relates generally to the water-sol, relate more particularly to comprise the water-sol that is distributed in the microvesicle in the water.This microvesicle can improve the reflectivity and the albedo of water and reduce photoabsorption.
Background of invention
Water covers the major part of earth surface, and often is exposed under the daylight.The daylight that incides high per-cent waterborne is absorbed.This type of absorption can improve the temperature of water.
Add hot water and can cause many shortcomings, comprise the evaporation of loss water supply.Equally, higher temperature limitation water for example in the industrial application of utilizing the water dissipated heat, be used as the ability of cooling source.Therefore, the technology of alleviating the water temperature rising be exposed to light under to be caused possibly hoped.
Summary of the invention
The water-sol and the method involving that comprise microvesicle have been described.
On the one hand, the water-sol is provided.This water-sol comprises the microvesicle that is distributed in the water.The diameter of most of microvesicle is less than 20 microns.The quality of the water-sol is greater than 100 tons.
On the one hand, the water-sol is provided.This water-sol comprises the microvesicle that is distributed in the water.The diameter of most of microvesicle is less than 10 microns.The concentration of microvesicle in the water-sol is less than 10ppm and greater than 0.1ppm.
On the one hand, a kind of method is provided.This method comprises: provide to comprise the water-sol that is dispersed in the microvesicle in the water.The mean diameter of most of microvesicle is less than 20 microns.The quality of the water-sol is greater than 100 tons.
Others of the present invention, embodiment and characteristic will become obvious by as detailed below when combining accompanying drawing to consider.Accompanying drawing is schematically and not to want to draw in proportion.For the sake of clarity, in every width of cloth figure, all do not indicate each integral part, when illustration to it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not in case of necessity, do not show each integral part of each embodiment of the present invention yet.Incorporate all patented claims and the patent of this paper by reference into and incorporate this paper into through this incorporated.When having contradiction,, comprise that definition is as the criterion with this specification sheets.
The accompanying drawing summary
Fig. 1 shows the synoptic diagram of the water-sol that comprises microvesicle.
Fig. 2 is the figure to the reflectivity of the water-sol of an embodiment and albedo increase modeling.
Describe in detail
The water-sol and the method involving that comprise microvesicle have been described.In some embodiments, through being introduced, microvesicle forms the water-sol in the water.The mean diameter of this microvesicle can be for example less than about 20 microns.The water of the water-sol can have big volume, quality and/or surface-area.As hereinafter further describing, this microvesicle can improve the reflectivity and the albedo of water.Therefore, should can be reflected by the light that water absorbs, WS can brighten.This has limited the water temperature that this type of photoabsorption caused and has raise.Therefore, the gained water-sol and the water that does not contain microvesicle are than the temperature with reduction.The temperature that reduces water can have many advantages, and this possibly depend in part on and use this technological application-specific.For example, lower temperature can help to preserve water through reducing evaporation.Equally, the heat transfer to the water with lesser temps possibly improve because of the thermodynamics factor.Therefore, the water-sol that comprises microvesicle can be more effective cooling source, and it can be for example be used for cooling off the advantage on the application obtained performance of purpose (for example power plant's cooling pool) at water.
Figure 11 has schematically shown the water-sol 10 according to an embodiment.The water-sol 10 comprises a large amount of microvesicles 12 that are distributed in the water 14.Usually, that kind as described further below, microvesicle is the slight void of in water, being filled by gas.
In some embodiments, at least 75% at least 95% or all basically microvesicles all have above-mentioned diameter.
The appropriate technology of confirming diameter comprises that the microvesicle that for example uses the representative quantity of suitable analytical technology (for example using flow cytometer) check is to confirm their size.The size that it will also be appreciated that given microvesicle can change because of the various changes of condition and other factors in time.For example, microvesicle can shrink in time.That kind as described further below; Because the buoyancy of microvesicle is little; Therefore they rise in water with low-down speed; And can keep suspend up to several hours or a couple of days and can not arrive WS with pedesis, prerequisite is the microvesicle climbing speed that the vertical convection speed of water surpasses the Stokes'theorem decision.
Microvesicle has spherical form because of the surface energy factor usually, but possibly possibly depart from spherical form slightly under certain conditions.
Microvesicle can be formed by any suitable gas.In some embodiments, preferably microvesicle is formed by air.But in other embodiments, other gas (for example argon gas) can be suitable.
Microvesicle can be distributed in the water in many ways.In exemplary, microvesicle is evenly distributed in the whole volume of water usually.In other embodiments, the microbubble concentration in some zone of water can be higher than the microbubble concentration in other zone of water.For example, some water-sols can comprise rich microvesicle zone and humble bubble zone.Especially, as hereinafter further describing, comprise that the point source embodiment that one or more microvesicles form can cause microbubble concentration variation in the water-sol.In some embodiments, rich microvesicle zone can be positioned at or near water-sol surface.For example, rich microvesicle zone can extend to about 10 meters or the littler degree of depth from the surface; In some embodiments, extend to about 1 meter or the littler degree of depth; In some embodiments, extend to about 25 centimetres or the littler degree of depth.It will also be appreciated that microvesicle can change in the intravital distribution of whole water in time.
The concentration of microvesicle in the water-sol can depend in part on the applied purposes of this water-sol.In some embodiments, preferably microbubble concentration is rare relatively.The rare water-sol possibly be able to be realized the reflectivity of hoping, helps making the technology of the water-sol simultaneously.For example, the microbubble concentration in the water-sol by volume can be less than 100ppm.In some cases, this concentration by volume can be less than 10ppm; In some cases, by volume less than 1ppm.In some embodiments, concentration helps improving the reflectivity of the gained water-sol greater than minimum value.For example, concentration by volume can be greater than 0.01ppm; Or in some cases, by volume greater than 0.1ppm.It should be understood that and to combine above-mentioned peaked any to find out these minimum value in certain embodiments.
Should also be noted that above-mentioned microbubble concentration value can relate to the whole water-sol.That is to say, can be based on the whole volume calculation concentration of the water-sol.In some cases, above-mentioned concentration value can relate to a part of water-sol.That is to say that concentration can relate to a part of volume of the whole water-sol.This part can be the nearly surf zone of rich microvesicle of the for example aforesaid water-sol.This part can account for for example being less than or equal to 2.5%, being less than or equal to 25%, being less than or equal to 50% or be less than or equal to 95% of water-sol TV.
As stated, the water-sol has big volume, quality and/or surface-area usually.This category feature is normally hoped many application of the water-sol.For example, the weight of the water-sol can be greater than 100 tons.In some embodiments, volume can be obviously higher, comprises greater than 1,000 ton; Greater than 10,000 tons; Greater than 100,000 tons; With greater than 100,000,000 ton or obviously higher.In some embodiments, the volume of the water-sol can be at least 100 meters
3In some cases, at least 1000 meters
3In some cases, at least 10,000 meter
3In some cases, at least 100,000 meter
3In some cases, at least 1,000,0000 meter
3Or it is obviously higher.The surface-area of the water-sol (for example being exposed to the area of the water-sol under the light) can be greater than 100 meters
2In some cases, greater than 10,000 meters
2In some cases, greater than 1 (km)
2, greater than 10 (kms)
2Or it is obviously higher.
It should be understood that big volume, quality and/or surface-area are almost completely caused by water, because microvesicle has relatively little volume, quality and/or surface-area mutually.It will also be appreciated that some embodiments comprise the water-sol of the volume, quality and/or the surface-area that have outside above-mentioned scope.
The type of water can depend in part on the purposes of using this water-sol in the water-sol.In some cases, water can be used as sun power and/or heat energy and converges with cooling source or heat.Cooling source can for example be united with heat production source (like the power station) in industrial use.Water can be artificial source; Perhaps in some embodiments, water can be natural source.Water can be a part or whole pond, lake, sea, river or ocean.
The water of the water-sol can comprise other component.Said other component can change some character of water, for example improves desired characteristic.In some cases, this component changes the viscosity and/or the surface tension of water with the mode that improves microvesicle and exist and/or form.
Component can naturally be present in the water body.The instance of suitable natural constituents comprises live plant or animal, or from its resistates (for example plant plankton lipid, fish oil etc.); And do not have the life component, as derive from weathering or the partly soluble colloidal state or the nano particle of rock, gravel etc.
In some cases, component can join in the water body.The instance that joins the suitable ingredients in the water body comprises tensio-active agent (for example Sodium Lauryl Sulphate BP/USP, sodium-alginate, chondrus ocellatus Holmes, Tego Alkanol 16, Yelkin TTS (lethicin) etc.).Component can be dissolved in the water, maybe can be solid form.When being solid form, component can be a colloidal form; Maybe can be distributed in the water.
As stated, the water-sol described in this paper has higher reflectivity and albedo usually with the water ratio that does not contain microvesicle.It should be understood that term " albedo " refers to the ratio of total reflecting electromagnetic radiation and total incidence electromagnetic radiation.It can relatively come to confirm by the amount of the light of water-sol reflection and with itself and the amount that incides the light on this water-sol through measurement.Can use known detection technique, comprise that the technology of using photodetector comes the amount of measuring light.In some embodiments, the albedo of the water-sol is at least 1.1 times of albedo of the water that do not contain microvesicle; In some embodiments, the albedo of the water-sol is at least 1.5 times of albedo of the water that do not contain microvesicle; In some embodiments, the albedo of the water-sol is at least 2 times of albedo of the water that do not contain microvesicle; In some embodiments, the albedo of the water-sol is at least 3 times of albedo of the water that do not contain microvesicle; In some embodiments, the albedo of the water-sol is at least 4 times of albedo of the water that do not contain microvesicle.The raising degree of reflectivity and albedo depends on many factors, comprises microvesicle diameter and concentration.Required reflectivity and albedo also will depend on the purposes of using the water-sol.
Because reflectivity improves, the water-sol absorbs less light (it improves the temperature of water originally).Therefore, the temperature rising has been alleviated in the existence of microvesicle.Therefore, the temperature that comprises the water-sol of microvesicle is compared reduction with the temperature of the water that does not have microvesicle, and the sinking through colder water, also can be reduced in the temperature in the zone under the zone of the water-sol bubble that wherein distributes.The degree that temperature reduces depends on many factors, especially comprises the degree (it also depends on multiple factor as stated, comprises microvesicle diameter and concentration) of reflectivity change and the volume of the water-sol.In some embodiments, the change of temperature can be at least 1 ℃; In some embodiments, at least 2 ℃; In some embodiments, at least 5 ℃; In some embodiments, at least 10 ℃.
Fig. 2 is the figure to the reflectivity of the water-sol of an embodiment and albedo increase modeling.In this model, suppose that the microvesicle diameter is 1 micron.The figure illustrates the relation of reflectivity increase and albedo raising and microbubble concentration (in per 1,000,000 parts by volume).This figure has also shown the maximum cooling ℃ to be unit.
Had been found that the water-sol can be metastable in long-time.For example, the water-sol can show the available reflectivity in long-time.Stability possibly partly come from such fact: theoretical bubble collapse speed in (for example distilled) no particulate water of crossing with respect to purifying, the microvesicle in the natural water can have the long lifetime.The concrete life-span is especially depended on the existence of tensio-active agent in size and fluidic viscosity, the fluid of microvesicle and/or sanitising agent.But microvesicle described in this paper can have greater than several hours or longer life-span.For example, the life-span of most of (promptly greater than 50%) microvesicle was greater than 1 hour; In some cases, greater than 2 hours.The relative stability of the water-sol is keeping aspect of performance to can be significant advantage in time.
Usually, can use any suitable technique to make the water-sol.This type of technology is usually included in and generates gas microbubbles in the water.Some suitable technique comprises: make water supersaturation (for example under the pressure that improves) with air, reduce pressure (for example through injecting) subsequently fast and to make the air filled cavity nucleation because of air reduces in water solubleness, generate microvesicle thus.Some suitable technique uses eddy current spraying nozzle to be injected into the microvesicle in the water with generation.For example, this technology can be used eddy current microvesicle generators system.
In some embodiments, introduce microvesicle in one or more positions.In some embodiments, make the highly spissated water-sol, it is incorporated in the bigger water body in one or more positions.Under both of these case, the quantity of position depends in part on required microbubble concentration and required water-sol volume and quality, and other factors for example flows into the natural dispersion of fluid that water body produces by the fluidic inlet point.Those skilled in the art can select the proper process parameter according to required water-sol characteristic.
In the technology of using big water body, can use the appropriate technology of introducing a large amount of microvesicles.For example, if in the part in ocean or lake, form the water-sol, then marine engine or the boat-carrying air that is used for the hull drag reduction can be used for the propulsion source that microvesicle forms and are used for moving the ship that disperses them thus.
In some embodiments, the energy that is used for the formation of the microvesicle and the water-sol can derive from eco-friendly source, like sun power or wind energy.
As stated, the light ratio of water-sol reflection does not exist the light of water reflection of microvesicle many.Therefore, the surface of water brightens.This has limited the water temperature rising that is caused because of light and solar absorption originally.This can obtain many advantages, comprises reducing evaporation to help to preserve water.Can realize many examples of economizing on water, especially comprise and improve stream flow, prolong dry season and supply water, improve area of lake and protection wetland.In addition, because their lower temperature, the water-sol also can be used as more efficiently cooling source.Be used for cooling off the purposes (for example in industrial use) of purpose at water, this can be converted into significant feature performance benefit.For example, substitute the water that does not contain microvesicle, can significantly improve the performance of the cooling source (being also referred to as cooling pool) that is used for the power station with the water-sol that comprises microvesicle.
Another benefit relevant with the water-sol is can be realizing above-mentioned advantage even as big as the scale that changes global climate, and do not have and comprise stratospheric aerosol technology (it has the control of shortage and reversible shortcoming), chemical pollution, minimizing Atmospheric CO
2, ozonosphere risk, methane release etc. the relevant shortcoming of other technology.Can realize the above-mentioned effect that brightens, add the with high costs of the identical effect that brightens of pigment (for example titanium oxide)-this method realization and need not Xiang Shuizhong.The water temperature that the water-sol also can be used for reducing seashore or lakeside zone is to come conserve energy through reducing the air-conditioning electricity needs; Be used to reduce or reverse the environmental degradation that stems from the thermal stresses that high water temperature causes; Be used to illuminate as possible the roof and the road that lead to urban district and waters, suburb and reduced urban district temperature and air-conditioning demand, be used for that (this has offset CO through improving the water albedo
2The radiation pressure of the weather that discharging causes) comes on land and ocean, to produce the tax offset income.The water-sol of describing among this paper also can be used for for decorating and/or aesthetic purpose changes the for example color of swimming pool, water garden design and landscaping, bank or seascape architectural intermediate water at an easy rate.
Described several aspects of at least one embodiment with this technology thus, recognize, those skilled in the art will easily carry out various changes, modification and improvement.This type of changes, revises and improves in the spirit and scope of this technology.Therefore, the description of front and accompanying drawing only provide non-limiting example.
Claims (18)
1. water-sol comprises:
Be distributed in the microvesicle in the water, wherein the diameter of most of microvesicle is less than 20 microns,
The quality of the wherein said water-sol is greater than 100 tons.
2. the water-sol of claim 1, wherein the diameter of most of microvesicle is less than 10 microns.
3. the water-sol of claim 1, wherein the concentration of microvesicle in the water-sol is lower than 10ppm.
4. the water-sol of claim 3, wherein the concentration of microvesicle in the water-sol is greater than 0.1ppm.
5. the water-sol of claim 1, the quality of the wherein said water-sol is greater than 1000 tons.
6. the water-sol of claim 1, the wherein said water-sol is a cooling source.
7. the water-sol of claim 6, the wherein said water-sol is the cooling pool in power station.
8. there are not the reflectivity greatly at least 5% of the water of microvesicle in the water-sol of claim 1, the luminance factor of the wherein said water-sol.
9. the water-sol of claim 1, the surface-area of the wherein said water-sol is at least 100 meters
2
10. the water-sol of claim 1, wherein the life-span of most of microvesicle was greater than 1 hour.
11. the water-sol of claim 1, wherein the diameter of at least 75% microvesicle is less than 20 microns.
12. a water-sol comprises:
Be distributed in the microvesicle in the water, wherein the diameter of most of microvesicle is less than 10 microns, and wherein the concentration of microvesicle in the water-sol is less than 10ppm and greater than 0.1ppm.
13. a method comprises:
Provide to comprise the water-sol that is distributed in the microvesicle in the water, wherein the mean diameter of most of microvesicle is less than 20 microns, and the quality of the wherein said water-sol is greater than 100 tons.
14. the method for claim 13 also comprises the said water-sol is exposed to light.
15. the method for claim 13 also comprises and uses the said water-sol as cooling source.
16. the method for claim 13 also comprises and uses the cooling source of the said water-sol as the power station.
17. the method for claim 13 wherein provides the said water-sol to comprise: make the water supersaturation forming supersaturated solution with air, and the pressure that reduces said supersaturated solution is to produce said microvesicle.
18. the method for claim 13, wherein the concentration of microvesicle in the said water-sol is less than 10ppm and greater than 0.1ppm.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US21186909P | 2009-04-03 | 2009-04-03 | |
| US61/211,869 | 2009-04-03 | ||
| PCT/US2010/000995 WO2010114617A2 (en) | 2009-04-03 | 2010-04-02 | Hydrosols including microbubbles and related methods |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102449102A true CN102449102A (en) | 2012-05-09 |
Family
ID=42828905
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010800241775A Pending CN102449102A (en) | 2009-04-03 | 2010-04-02 | Hydrosols including microbubbles and related methods |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20100282441A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP2414478A4 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN102449102A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2010114617A2 (en) |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1754529A1 (en) * | 2004-05-31 | 2007-02-21 | Sanyo Facilities Industry Co., Ltd. | Method and device for producing fine air bubble-containing liquid, and fine air bubble producer assembled in the device |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3823767A (en) * | 1972-02-29 | 1974-07-16 | Economic Development Corp | Process for treating water |
| ATE17311T1 (en) * | 1980-11-17 | 1986-01-15 | Schering Ag | PREPARATION FOR GENERATING MICROBUBBLES. |
| US6344489B1 (en) * | 1991-02-14 | 2002-02-05 | Wayne State University | Stabilized gas-enriched and gas-supersaturated liquids |
| US5151187A (en) * | 1991-11-19 | 1992-09-29 | Zenon Environmental, Inc. | Membrane bioreactor system with in-line gas micronizer |
| US5350543A (en) * | 1992-05-14 | 1994-09-27 | Spradley William E | Method and apparatus for aerating an aqueous solution |
| US5463176A (en) * | 1994-01-03 | 1995-10-31 | Eckert; C. Edward | Liquid waste oxygenation |
| US5484535A (en) * | 1994-05-19 | 1996-01-16 | The Babcock & Wilcox Company | Seawater effluent treatment downstream of seawater SO2 scrubber |
| US5766477A (en) * | 1996-02-01 | 1998-06-16 | African Oxygen Limited | Process for treating a liquid reactive medium |
| EP0963784B1 (en) * | 1997-12-30 | 2006-10-11 | Hirofumi Ohnari | Swirling fine-bubble generator and method |
| EP1112773B1 (en) * | 1999-05-15 | 2007-02-28 | Hirofumi Ohnari | System and method for generating gas micro-bubbles in a liquid |
| WO2002072478A2 (en) * | 2000-11-06 | 2002-09-19 | Larry Russell | Ballast water treatment for exotic species control |
| WO2005074365A2 (en) * | 2004-02-06 | 2005-08-18 | Technion Research And Development Foundation Ltd. | Localized production of microbubbles and control of cavitational and heating effects by use of enhanced ultrasound |
| US7255332B2 (en) * | 2004-05-25 | 2007-08-14 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Arkansas | System and method for dissolving gases in liquids |
| CA2611176A1 (en) * | 2005-07-05 | 2007-01-11 | Aquatic Technologies | Oxygenation of aqueous systems |
-
2010
- 2010-04-02 CN CN2010800241775A patent/CN102449102A/en active Pending
- 2010-04-02 EP EP10759157A patent/EP2414478A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2010-04-02 US US12/753,488 patent/US20100282441A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-04-02 WO PCT/US2010/000995 patent/WO2010114617A2/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1754529A1 (en) * | 2004-05-31 | 2007-02-21 | Sanyo Facilities Industry Co., Ltd. | Method and device for producing fine air bubble-containing liquid, and fine air bubble producer assembled in the device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2414478A2 (en) | 2012-02-08 |
| WO2010114617A3 (en) | 2011-03-31 |
| US20100282441A1 (en) | 2010-11-11 |
| EP2414478A4 (en) | 2012-11-14 |
| WO2010114617A2 (en) | 2010-10-07 |
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Application publication date: 20120509 |