Rotor, generator and wind turbine
Technical field
The present invention relates to rotor, the generator of generator and have the wind turbine of direct driving generator particularly.
Background technology
About the driving structure of wind turbine, can pick out the wind turbine of two kinds of main types.The first kind has been represented more typical wind turbine type, and it comprises the main shaft that is set at wind turbine and the gearbox between the generator.Second type is the gearless type, and wherein gearbox and conventional generator are replaced by multipolar generator, the generator that promptly so-called direct driving generator or quilt directly drive.This direct driving generator can be manufactured with wound rotor or have the synchronous generator of the permanent magnet that is attached to rotor, and perhaps it can be designed to the generator of alternative type.
For the external rotor structure, the diameter of rotor can reach several meters particularly.Because circumference (magnet or the winding) size of locating and the reason of quality, rotor at transportation and memory period only owing to gravity tends to be out of shape.
Be well known that, use makeshift device to make rotor keep its shape.Before transportation or storage, said device is installed to rotor.Before rotor is used or is installed to generator, remove said device.
Summary of the invention
Target of the present invention is to improve rotor and reaches the manipulation for generator amature.
This target solves through claim 1,11 and 13 characteristic respectively.Dependent claims provides other details of the present invention and advantage.
In one aspect, the present invention relates to a kind of rotor of generator, it comprises rotation, round rotor main body and is arranged on the circular rock-steady structure at the place, side of said rotor subject that wherein said rock-steady structure comprises brake disc.According to the present invention, rock-steady structure has two kinds of functions.On the one hand, it stablizes rotor between transportation, storage and installation period.On the other hand, it is that the said generator that said rotor is installed provides brake disc.This helps to handle said rotor, because rock-steady structure can keep with rotor braking function being provided also together and in addition during use.It has also improved the quality of rotor/generator, because rotor will never not support.Interim supporting construction must be removed equally.The process that removes always causes making rotor not have support or rotor to hang down into the danger of the supporting construction of generator.Term " brake disc " also comprises the brake area of brake disc component or other form.But, modal for rotor is dish.All brake disc components that can hold brake area all fall into the scope of general name term " brake disc ".
Brake disc can extend internally from the circumferential outer radial of rock-steady structure.This structure is desirable for the external rotor generator.Maximum gauge can be used to brake disc.This has increased braking force.
Brake disc can comprise the portion of extending axially.Brake disc can in axial direction completely or partially extend.This rock-steady structure can be used to have tape spool to the brake pad of brake area or the generator of brake shoe (for example drum brake).
Rotor subject can comprise that flange and flange can comprise brake disc.Flange allows easily to realize the present invention.Flange can also be the part of rock-steady structure.
Two rock-steady structures can be set at two sides of rotor subject, and this has strengthened the stability of rotor and has increased braking force.
Support cylinder can be in its circumference supporting & stablizing structure.Support cylinder can encapsulate whole rotor subject or its part.Support cylinder can be outstanding so that brake disc axially separates with rotor subject in the side of rotor subject.
Strutting piece along the circle spacing of rotor subject opens can the supporting & stablizing structure.Use can be installed in some strutting pieces of side or the circumference of rotor subject can be with straight mode supporting & stablizing structure.
Rock-steady structure can be installed to rotor subject on-dismountablely.Because need not remove rock-steady structure in order to use rotor, so it can for good and all be installed to rotor subject, this possibly be more cheap.In this case, can be so that the brake disc of rock-steady structure quilt be attached removedly.
Rock-steady structure can be included in the opening in its side.This opening can be used to keep in repair the for example internal stator of generator.This opening can have lid closed this opening when not using opening with box lunch.
Brake disc can comprise a plurality of sections, is convenient to like this handle and make.
In second aspect, the present invention relates to have the generator of stator and above-mentioned rotor.Generator can be directly to drive generator.Generator can have the external rotor structure.Generator has the advantage identical with said rotor.
Generator can comprise braking system, and wherein braking system can comprise brake disc and at least one friction member that engages releasedly with said brake disc.Because braking system is the part of generator, so whole unit can easily be installed, renovate and safeguard.
On the other hand, the present invention relates to comprise the wind turbine of aforesaid rotor and/or aforesaid generator.Wind turbine can be directly drive type and can have the external rotor structure.The friction member of braking system can be attached to the part of wind turbine, for example is attached to main shaft.The advantage identical with rotor and/or generator is applicable to this wind turbine.
Wind turbine can comprise the blade hub, and wherein generator directly is connected to the blade hub.At this moment, between blade hub and generator, do not use gearbox.Wind turbine has direct driving structure.Flange or sept can be set between hub and the generator.
Comprise that accompanying drawing provides the further understanding for embodiment.To easily expect other embodiment and many expection advantages, because through understanding better with reference to following specific descriptions.The element of accompanying drawing is unnecessary to be proportional to one another.Same Reference numeral refers to corresponding like.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 shows the sketch map that has the wind turbine of rotor and generator according to of the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows the schematic side elevation according to rotor of the present invention.
Fig. 3 shows the schematic side elevation according to rotor of the present invention.
Fig. 4 shows the schematic side elevation according to the generator of wind turbine of the present invention.
Embodiment
In following detailed description, with reference to the accompanying drawing that forms a specification part, in the accompanying drawings with way of example show can embodiment of the present invention specific embodiment.In this regard, with reference to the orientation user tropism term of the accompanying drawing of describing, for example " top " or " end " etc.Because the parts of embodiment can be located in a large amount of different orientations, so directional terminology is used to illustrate purpose and restrictive anything but.Should be appreciated that, under the situation that does not deviate from the scope of the invention, can utilize other embodiment and can make structural or logical changes.Therefore, following specific descriptions are not taked restrictive sense, and scope of the present invention is defined by the following claims.
Fig. 1 shows wind turbine 1, and it has the tower 2 that is fixed to ground.Tower 2 can have rice up to a hundred or higher height.On the top of tower 2, be fixed with main shaft 3.Blade hub 4 is attached to main shaft 3 with being rotated and around rotation 5 rotations, this rotation 5 is central axis of main shaft 3.Blade 6 is attached to blade hub 4.Directly drive the inside that generator 7 is set at cabin 8, this cabin 8 is around the main shaft 3 and the electric equipment of wind turbine 1.
Fig. 2 shows the rotor 9 with cylindrical rotor main body 10.When rotor 9 was installed to the generator 7 of wind turbine 1, the central axis of rotor 9 was consistent with rotation 5.Be provided with permanent magnet or winding to be used for generator function along its circumference.In the front side 11 of rotor subject 10, circle or cylindrical shape rock-steady structure 12 are attached to main body 10.Rock-steady structure 12 is stablized rotor 9 to bear gravity.Rock-steady structure 12 can or be suitable for by metal making rotor 9 keep other material of its form to process.
Strutting piece 13 supporting & stablizing structures 12 and load is delivered to rock-steady structure 12 from rotor subject 10.For example show two strutting pieces 13.The actual quantity of strutting piece 13 for example depends on the weight of rotor subject 10 and/or the specification of generator 7.Thereby strutting piece 13 extends and receives rock-steady structure 12 side-prominent a dress above to it along the whole axial length of rotor subject 10.This length can equal the length of rotor subject 10.In this case, rock-steady structure 12 will be set directly at side 11 or in the inside of rotor subject 10 or partly in the inside of rotor subject 10.Strutting piece 13 must not extend whole axial lengths of rotor subject 10.For example, they can only extend to the centre of rotor subject 10 from rock-steady structure 12.Strutting piece 13 can be the part of rock-steady structure 12 and/or the part of rotor subject 10.
Rock-steady structure 12 has circle or dish-type form substantially.Partly or entirely structure can in axial direction extend into drum forms.Rock-steady structure 12 has brake disc 14.Brake disc 14 can as shown in formed or be releasably attached to rock-steady structure 12 by whole.
The brake area 15 of brake disc 14 be the annular and brake area 15 be the ring inner surface.Can select the diameter that encircles based on the specification of rotor 9, generator 7 and/or wind turbine 1.Brake area 15 in axial direction extends, and promptly is parallel to rotation 5 and extends.
Rock-steady structure 12 has central opening 16, and this central opening 16 can be used to keep in repair the internal part of generator 7, for example stator.In the time need not getting into opening 16, opening 16 can tegmentum or analog closure.Here, show an opening 16 that covers central module fully.One or more smaller opening can also be provided.
Fig. 3 shows the rotor 9 that is similar to rotor shown in Figure 2.Rotor subject 10 has identical shaped.Rock-steady structure 12 has different designs.
Rock-steady structure 12 supports the circumference of these support cylinder 17 encapsulated rotor main bodys 10 and a side 11 by support cylinder 17.In the opposite flank, support cylinder 17 has flange 18.Rock-steady structure 12 for example is attached to flange 18 by means of bolt or screw.Rock-steady structure 12 has the form of dish and has wheel rim at excircle, and wherein wheel rim in axial direction extends.
Brake disc 14 extends radially inwardly from wheel rim.Use screw or anchor clamps (not shown) that brake disc 14 is fastened to wheel rim.Brake disc 14 has two brake areas 15 in axial direction opposite each other.Brake disc 14 can be made up of a plurality of sections, and said sections can have the circular segment form.
The characteristic of the rotor 9 shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 can be combined or exchanged.For example, the opening 16 from Fig. 2 also can be integrated in the rotor shown in Figure 39.
Generator 7 when Fig. 4 shows in being built into wind turbine 1.Blade hub 4 is connected in main shaft 3 via base bearing 19 with being rotated.The stator 20 of generator 7 has laminated stack 21 and supports winding 22.Stator 20 has drum and its central axis is consistent with rotation 5.Stator 20 is connected to main shaft 3 still via stator support structure 23.
Rotor supporting structure 24 is attached to blade hub 4 or installing ring.Rotor supporting structure 24 has drum forms, and wherein the side near hub 4 extends radially inwardly with contact hub 4.The support cylinder 17 of rotor 9 is attached to the inner surface of the axial walls of rotor supporting structure 24.Shown in preceding figure, the strutting piece 13 that rotor subject 10 is connected in support cylinder 17 or also can in Fig. 4, uses.Several millimeters interior small air gaps of scope extend between rotor 9 and stator 20.
Away from place, the end of hub 4, have two radially the brake disc 14 of brake area 15 be set at support cylinder 17 places of rock-steady structure 12.The braking system 25 of generator 7 or wind turbine 1 comprises brake disc 14 and one or more friction member 26, for example brake pad or brake shoe.Two friction members 26 can be pressed against two brake areas 15 so that make rotating vane hub 4 and rotor 9 slow down.Friction member 26 is supported by the braking supporting construction that is fixed to main shaft 3 27.Braking supporting construction 27 is carried or is comprised the brake piston (not shown) so that activate friction member 26.Circumference along main shaft 3 can be provided with more than a braking supporting construction 27, is preferably such that to have all uniformly-spaced therebetween.
Rock-steady structure 12 is attached to rotor subject 10 and in transportation, storage, the installation of rotor 9 with stay rotor subject 10 places between the operating period at production period.Rock-steady structure can be restricted to the part of rotor 9.Brake disc 14 can be disassembled so that keep in repair, renovate and/or install the miscellaneous part of rotor 9, stator 20 or generator 7.