CN102446186A - Chinese geographic coding and decoding method and device adopting same - Google Patents
Chinese geographic coding and decoding method and device adopting same Download PDFInfo
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- CN102446186A CN102446186A CN2010105053469A CN201010505346A CN102446186A CN 102446186 A CN102446186 A CN 102446186A CN 2010105053469 A CN2010105053469 A CN 2010105053469A CN 201010505346 A CN201010505346 A CN 201010505346A CN 102446186 A CN102446186 A CN 102446186A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a Chinese geographic coding and decoding method. The method comprises the following steps: a GIS (Geographic Information System) including an electronic map, coordinate data and geological information data is called for use, wherein each map unit on the electronic map corresponds to one coordinate data and a group of geographic information data; as for each map unit, a standard Chinese geographic indication is set and stored in a standard data base, the storage position of the standard Chinese geographic indication in the standard data base is mapped in the geographic information data, and the standard Chinese geographic indication comprises separator fields, pointing fields and identification fields; and as for each standard Chinese geographic indication, a fuzzy Chinese geographic indication is set and stored in a fuzzy data base, the storage position of the fuzzy Chinese geographic indication in the fuzzy data base is mapped in the geographic information data, the mapping of the fuzzy Chinese geographic indication and that of the standard Chinese geographic indication are correlated, and the fuzzy Chinese geographic indication comprises a primary fuzzy Chinese geographic indication and a secondary fuzzy Chinese geographic indication.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to GIS-Geographic Information System, relate in particular to a kind of Chinese geocoding and coding/decoding method and device that is applied to GIS-Geographic Information System.
Background technology
The public security industry has been set up the lot of data storehouse like resident demographic database, emphasis demographic database, criminal investigation database, 110 alert databases etc. and corresponding business application system at present.Alert construction with comprehensive GIS-Geographic Information System must effectively combine with these data, realizes the visual analyzing of business information based on geography information.Realize visual and comprehensive geography information application, system just has vitality and the due effect of performance.
Find in practice, though present electronic chart and GIS-Geographic Information System GIS have realized following function: each map unit, for example each building piece all has corresponding geocoding, and promptly each geocoding all has the corresponding geographical coordinate.Can realize based on the automatic map of the data of geocoding comparison and matching technique location.But also face following problem: geocoding among electronic chart and the GIS-Geographic Information System GIS and address search are when running into Chinese address, and search efficiency is not high with the accuracy rate of searching.
Analyze the characteristics of Chinese address coding, can find search efficiency and the accuracy rate of searching not high be owing to following reason causes:
1) the Chinese address naming rule is complicated, comprise road, lane, number etc. multiple structure, East Road, West Road, Zhong Lu, branch road or the like are also divided in some road, cause the difficulty in the identification;
2) the Chinese address standardization is relatively poor, and use number in some area, some uses the building, causes identification difficult.
General can be write down a Chinese address in present electronic chart and the GIS-Geographic Information System, if the Chinese address that input is searched for is different with this address, just can't search, and causes the low of search efficiency and accuracy rate.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to propose a kind of method and apparatus that can effectively improve Chinese geocoding, decoding efficiency and accuracy rate.
The present invention proposes a kind of Chinese geocoding method, comprising:
Call a GIS-Geographic Information System GIS, said GIS comprises electronic chart, coordinate data, geographic information data, wherein the corresponding coordinate data in each map unit and the one group of geographic information data on the electronic chart;
To each map unit; Creating a standard Chinese geographical indication also is saved in this standard Chinese geographical indication in the standard database; The preservation location map of this standard Chinese geographical indication in standard database is in geographic information data, and wherein this standard Chinese geographical indication comprises the separation field, points to field and identification field;
To each standard Chinese geographical indication; Create one group of fuzzy Chinese geographical indication and be kept in the fuzzy database; Should the fuzzy preservation location map of Chinese geographical indication in fuzzy database in geographic information data and set up relatedly with the mapping of this standard Chinese geographical indication, wherein should fuzzy Chinese geographical indication comprise that the fuzzy Chinese geographical indication of one group of one-level and one group of secondary blured Chinese geographical indication.
The present invention also proposes a kind of Chinese geocoding device, comprising:
GIS-Geographic Information System GIS, said GIS comprises electronic chart, coordinate data, geographic information data, wherein the corresponding coordinate data in each map unit and the one group of geographic information data on the electronic chart;
Standard database; Preserve a standard Chinese geographical indication of creating to each map unit; The preservation location map of this standard Chinese geographical indication in standard database is in geographic information data, and wherein this standard Chinese geographical indication comprises the separation field, points to field and identification field;
Fuzzy database; Preserve one group of fuzzy Chinese geographical indication creating to each map unit; Should the fuzzy preservation location map of Chinese geographical indication in fuzzy database in geographic information data and set up relatedly with the mapping of this standard Chinese geographical indication, wherein should fuzzy Chinese geographical indication comprise that the fuzzy Chinese geographical indication of one group of one-level and one group of secondary blured Chinese geographical indication.
The present invention also proposes the geographical coding/decoding method of a kind of Chinese, comprising:
Call a GIS-Geographic Information System GIS, said GIS comprises electronic chart, coordinate data, geographic information data, wherein the corresponding coordinate data in each map unit and the one group of geographic information data on the electronic chart;
Receive the geographical input of a Chinese, geographical input is resolved to this Chinese, should the geographical input of Chinese resolve to separation mark, arrow mark and identification marking;
Based on said separation mark, arrow mark and identification marking, in a standard database, search corresponding standard Chinese geographical indication, the preservation location map of the standard Chinese geographical indication of preserving in this standard database is in geographic information data; If find corresponding standard Chinese geographical indication, then find corresponding geographic information data and corresponding map unit according to said mapping, this map unit, coordinate data and geographic information data are all returned as lookup result;
If do not find corresponding standard Chinese geographical indication; Then in a fuzzy database, search corresponding fuzzy Chinese geographical indication based on said separation mark, arrow mark and identification marking; Wherein the fuzzy Chinese geographical indication of a group in this fuzzy database is related with a standard Chinese geographical indication; And the preservation location map of the fuzzy Chinese geographical indication of preserving in this fuzzy database is in geographic information data, and this fuzzy Chinese geographical indication comprises the fuzzy Chinese geographical indication of one group of one-level and one group of fuzzy Chinese geographical indication of secondary;
If find corresponding fuzzy Chinese geographical indication, then find corresponding geographic information data and corresponding map unit according to said mapping, this map unit, coordinate data and geographic information data are all returned as lookup result;
If do not find corresponding fuzzy Chinese geographical indication, then return and search failure information.
The present invention also proposes the geographical decoding device of a kind of Chinese, comprising:
GIS-Geographic Information System GIS, said GIS comprises electronic chart, coordinate data, geographic information data, wherein the corresponding coordinate data in each map unit and the one group of geographic information data on the electronic chart;
Input media receives the geographical input of a Chinese, and geographical input is resolved to this Chinese, should the geographical input of Chinese resolve to separation mark, arrow mark and identification marking;
Standard database; Preserve a standard Chinese geographical indication of creating to each map unit; The preservation location map of this standard Chinese geographical indication in standard database is in geographic information data, and wherein this standard Chinese geographical indication comprises the separation field, points to field and identification field;
Fuzzy database; Preserve one group of fuzzy Chinese geographical indication creating to each map unit; Should the fuzzy preservation location map of Chinese geographical indication in fuzzy database in geographic information data and set up relatedly with the mapping of this standard Chinese geographical indication, wherein should fuzzy Chinese geographical indication comprise that the fuzzy Chinese geographical indication of one group of one-level and one group of secondary blured Chinese geographical indication;
Search device,, in standard database, search corresponding standard Chinese geographical indication based on said separation mark, arrow mark and identification marking; If find corresponding standard Chinese geographical indication, then find corresponding geographic information data and corresponding map unit according to said mapping, this map unit, coordinate data and geographic information data are all returned as lookup result; If do not find corresponding standard Chinese geographical indication; Then search device and in a fuzzy database, search corresponding fuzzy Chinese geographical indication based on said separation mark, arrow mark and identification marking; If find corresponding fuzzy Chinese geographical indication; Then find corresponding geographic information data and corresponding map unit, this map unit, coordinate data and geographic information data are all returned as lookup result according to said mapping; If do not find corresponding fuzzy Chinese geographical indication, then return and search failure information.
The fuzzy Chinese geographical indication of this one-level has identical separation field and identification field with the standard Chinese geographical indication; The fuzzy Chinese geographical indication of this secondary has identical sensing field and identification field with the standard Chinese geographical indication.
Adopt technical scheme of the present invention, through Chinese geographical indication is reasonably separated, substitute original full coupling based on the coupling of several key elements, and provide fuzzy database to support fuzzy query, improve the efficient and the accuracy rate of inquiry thus.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram according to Chinese geocoding method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural drawing according to Chinese geocoding device of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the process flow diagram according to the geographical coding/decoding method of Chinese of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the structural drawing according to the geographical decoding device of Chinese of the present invention.
Embodiment
With shown in Figure 3, according to the present invention, the process of Chinese geocoding and decoding is following with reference to figure 1:
At first with reference to shown in Figure 1, the process of Chinese geocoding comprises:
S10. call a GIS-Geographic Information System GIS.This GIS comprises electronic chart, coordinate data, geographic information data, wherein the corresponding coordinate data in each map unit and the one group of geographic information data on the electronic chart.Electronic chart and GIS are existing technology in this area, and therefore concrete content here just be not repeated in this description.
S11. to each map unit; Creating a standard Chinese geographical indication also is saved in this standard Chinese geographical indication in the standard database; The preservation location map of this standard Chinese geographical indication in standard database is in geographic information data, and wherein this standard Chinese geographical indication comprises the separation field, points to field and identification field.Separate field be defined as such as " road ", " lane ", " number " or the like be used for distinguishing the field of the hierarchical relationship of Chinese geographical indication.Point to field and comprise " east ", " west " isotropy field.Identification field comprises road name and concrete number or the like, is used for distinguishing specified place.The example of a standard Chinese geographical indication is " No. 200, West Road, Yan'an ", in this example, separate field comprise " road " and " number ", represent two levels of Chinese geographical indication.Pointing to field is " west ".Identification field is " Yan'an " and " 200 ".The example of another standard Chinese geographical indication is " No. 3,100 lanes, West Road, Nanjing ", in this example, separate field comprise " road ", " lane " and " number ", represent three levels of Chinese geographical indication.Pointing to field is " west ".Identification field is " Nanjing ", " 100 " and " 3 ".The standard Chinese geographical indication is stored in the standard database, and their preservation location map in standard database are in geographic information data.For example; The map unit at corresponding " No. 200, West Road, Yan'an ", the coordinate of this map unit, the geographic information data relevant with this map unit are associated in together on the electronic chart, comprise a pointer that points to the preservation position at " No. 200, West Road, Yan'an " in the standard database in this geographic information data.
S12. to each standard Chinese geographical indication; Create one group of fuzzy Chinese geographical indication and be kept in the fuzzy database; Should the fuzzy preservation location map of Chinese geographical indication in fuzzy database in geographic information data and set up relatedly with the mapping of this standard Chinese geographical indication, wherein should fuzzy Chinese geographical indication comprise that the fuzzy Chinese geographical indication of one group of one-level and one group of secondary blured Chinese geographical indication.The fuzzy Chinese geographical indication of one-level has identical separation field and identification field with the standard Chinese geographical indication.The fuzzy Chinese geographical indication of secondary has identical sensing field and identification field with the standard Chinese geographical indication.Owing to the factor of daily use habit, occur and the inconsistent situation of standard Chinese geographical indication that is write down through regular meeting during the input of underway civilian geographical indication.In the non-type Chinese geographical indication of input, also can find the corresponding geographical sign in order to make, the present invention provides the function of fuzzy query.Still be example with two above-mentioned standard Chinese geographical indications." No. 200, West Road, Yan'an " possibly be input as " No. 200, Yan'an road " perhaps " 200 lanes, West Road, Yan'an ".Wherein, compare with standard Chinese geographical indication " No. 200, West Road, Yan'an " on " No. 200, Yan'an road ", has identical separation field and identification field, belongs to the fuzzy Chinese geographical indication of one-level.And " 200 lanes, West Road, Yan'an " compare with standard Chinese geographical indication " No. 200, West Road, Yan'an ", has identical sensing field and identification field, belongs to the fuzzy Chinese geographical indication of secondary.Similarly, for " No. 3,100 lanes, West Road, Nanjing ", " No. 3,100 lanes, Nanjing Road " belong to the fuzzy Chinese geographical indication of one-level, and " No. 100, West Road, Nanjing " belongs to the fuzzy Chinese geographical indication of secondary.Above-mentioned only attempt the example explanation; In practical application; Should enumerate fuzzy Chinese geographical indication of one-level and the fuzzy Chinese geographical indication of secondary as much as possible; And will blur the preservation location map of Chinese geographical indication in fuzzy database in geographic information data and set up relatedly with the mapping of this standard Chinese geographical indication, Chinese geocoding of the present invention so just can support to blur function of search.
With reference to shown in Figure 3, the process of the geographical decoding of Chinese comprises:
S30. call a GIS-Geographic Information System GIS, GIS comprises electronic chart, coordinate data, geographic information data, wherein the corresponding coordinate data in each map unit and the one group of geographic information data on the electronic chart.Electronic chart and GIS are existing technology in this area, and therefore concrete content here just be not repeated in this description.
S31. receive the geographical input of a Chinese, geographical input is resolved to this Chinese, should the geographical input of Chinese resolve to separation mark, arrow mark and identification marking.As described above, separation mark be such as " road ", " lane ", " number " or the like be used for distinguishing the mark of the hierarchical relationship of Chinese geographical indication.Arrow mark comprises " east ", " west " isotropy mark.Identification marking comprises road name and concrete number or the like, is used for distinguishing specified place.
S32. based on separation mark, arrow mark and identification marking; In standard database (setting up), search corresponding standard Chinese geographical indication by step S11; The basic process of searching be with separation mark, arrow mark and identification marking respectively at separating field, pointing to field and identification field is compared, coupling is then thought and is searched successfully fully.According to the statement of step S11, the preservation location map of the standard Chinese geographical indication of preserving in this standard database is in geographic information data.If find corresponding standard Chinese geographical indication; Then find corresponding geographic information data and corresponding map unit, this map unit, coordinate data and geographic information data are all returned as lookup result according to the database and the mapping of geographic information data.
If S33. do not find corresponding standard Chinese geographical indication, then in a fuzzy database (setting up), search corresponding fuzzy Chinese geographical indication by step S12 based on separation mark, arrow mark and identification marking.The basic process of searching remains separation mark, arrow mark and identification marking respectively at separating field, pointing to field and identification field is compared, and coupling is then thought and searched successfully fully.Description according to step S12; Wherein the fuzzy Chinese geographical indication of a group in this fuzzy database is related with a standard Chinese geographical indication; And the preservation location map of the fuzzy Chinese geographical indication of preserving in this fuzzy database is in geographic information data, and this fuzzy Chinese geographical indication comprises the fuzzy Chinese geographical indication of one group of one-level and one group of fuzzy Chinese geographical indication of secondary.The fuzzy Chinese geographical indication of one-level is identical with top description with the definition of the fuzzy Chinese geographical indication of secondary.If find corresponding fuzzy Chinese geographical indication; Then find corresponding geographic information data and corresponding map unit, this map unit, coordinate data and geographic information data are all returned as lookup result according to the fuzzy database and the mapping of geographic information data.
If S34. do not find corresponding fuzzy Chinese geographical indication, then return and search failure information.
With shown in Figure 4, the present invention has also disclosed a kind of Chinese geocoding device and the geographical decoding device of a kind of Chinese with reference to figure 2.
With reference to shown in Figure 2, this Chinese geocoding device comprises:
GIS-Geographic Information System GIS 20, and GIS 20 comprises electronic chart, coordinate data, geographic information data, wherein the corresponding coordinate data in each map unit and the one group of geographic information data on the electronic chart.
With reference to shown in Figure 4, the geographical decoding device of this Chinese comprises:
GIS-Geographic Information System GIS 40, and GIS 40 comprises electronic chart, coordinate data, geographic information data, wherein the corresponding coordinate data in each map unit and the one group of geographic information data on the electronic chart.
The details of each parts of this Chinese geocoding device and Chinese geographical decoding device is corresponding with the details of each step of above-described Chinese geocoding method and Chinese geographical coding/decoding method, just be not repeated in this description here.
Adopt technical scheme of the present invention, through Chinese geographical indication is reasonably separated, substitute original full coupling based on the coupling of several key elements, and provide fuzzy database to support fuzzy query, improve the efficient and the accuracy rate of inquiry thus.
Claims (8)
1. a Chinese geocoding method is characterized in that, comprising:
Call a GIS-Geographic Information System GIS, said GIS comprises electronic chart, coordinate data, geographic information data, wherein the corresponding coordinate data in each map unit and the one group of geographic information data on the electronic chart;
To each map unit; Creating a standard Chinese geographical indication also is saved in this standard Chinese geographical indication in the standard database; The preservation location map of this standard Chinese geographical indication in standard database is in geographic information data, and wherein this standard Chinese geographical indication comprises the separation field, points to field and identification field;
To each standard Chinese geographical indication; Create one group of fuzzy Chinese geographical indication and be kept in the fuzzy database; Should the fuzzy preservation location map of Chinese geographical indication in fuzzy database in geographic information data and set up relatedly with the mapping of this standard Chinese geographical indication, wherein should fuzzy Chinese geographical indication comprise that the fuzzy Chinese geographical indication of one group of one-level and one group of secondary blured Chinese geographical indication.
2. Chinese geocoding method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that,
The fuzzy Chinese geographical indication of said one-level has identical separation field and identification field with the standard Chinese geographical indication;
The fuzzy Chinese geographical indication of said secondary has identical sensing field and identification field with the standard Chinese geographical indication.
3. a Chinese geocoding device is characterized in that, comprising:
GIS-Geographic Information System GIS, said GIS comprises electronic chart, coordinate data, geographic information data, wherein the corresponding coordinate data in each map unit and the one group of geographic information data on the electronic chart;
Standard database; Preserve a standard Chinese geographical indication of creating to each map unit; The preservation location map of this standard Chinese geographical indication in standard database is in geographic information data, and wherein this standard Chinese geographical indication comprises the separation field, points to field and identification field;
Fuzzy database; Preserve one group of fuzzy Chinese geographical indication creating to each map unit; Should the fuzzy preservation location map of Chinese geographical indication in fuzzy database in geographic information data and set up relatedly with the mapping of this standard Chinese geographical indication, wherein should fuzzy Chinese geographical indication comprise that the fuzzy Chinese geographical indication of one group of one-level and one group of secondary blured Chinese geographical indication.
4. Chinese geocoding device as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that,
The fuzzy Chinese geographical indication of said one-level has identical separation field and identification field with the standard Chinese geographical indication;
The fuzzy Chinese geographical indication of said secondary has identical sensing field and identification field with the standard Chinese geographical indication.
5. the geographical coding/decoding method of Chinese is characterized in that, comprising:
Call a GIS-Geographic Information System GIS, said GIS comprises electronic chart, coordinate data, geographic information data, wherein the corresponding coordinate data in each map unit and the one group of geographic information data on the electronic chart;
Receive the geographical input of a Chinese, geographical input is resolved to this Chinese, should the geographical input of Chinese resolve to separation mark, arrow mark and identification marking;
Based on said separation mark, arrow mark and identification marking, in a standard database, search corresponding standard Chinese geographical indication, the preservation location map of the standard Chinese geographical indication of preserving in this standard database is in geographic information data; If find corresponding standard Chinese geographical indication, then find corresponding geographic information data and corresponding map unit according to said mapping, this map unit, coordinate data and geographic information data are all returned as lookup result;
If do not find corresponding standard Chinese geographical indication; Then in a fuzzy database, search corresponding fuzzy Chinese geographical indication based on said separation mark, arrow mark and identification marking; Wherein the fuzzy Chinese geographical indication of a group in this fuzzy database is related with a standard Chinese geographical indication; And the preservation location map of the fuzzy Chinese geographical indication of preserving in this fuzzy database is in geographic information data, and this fuzzy Chinese geographical indication comprises the fuzzy Chinese geographical indication of one group of one-level and one group of fuzzy Chinese geographical indication of secondary;
If find corresponding fuzzy Chinese geographical indication, then find corresponding geographic information data and corresponding map unit according to said mapping, this map unit, coordinate data and geographic information data are all returned as lookup result;
If do not find corresponding fuzzy Chinese geographical indication, then return and search failure information.
6. the geographical coding/decoding method of Chinese as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that,
The fuzzy Chinese geographical indication of said one-level has identical separation field and identification field with the standard Chinese geographical indication;
The fuzzy Chinese geographical indication of said secondary has identical sensing field and identification field with the standard Chinese geographical indication.
7. the geographical decoding device of Chinese is characterized in that, comprising:
GIS-Geographic Information System GIS, said GIS comprises electronic chart, coordinate data, geographic information data, wherein the corresponding coordinate data in each map unit and the one group of geographic information data on the electronic chart;
Input media receives the geographical input of a Chinese, and geographical input is resolved to this Chinese, should the geographical input of Chinese resolve to separation mark, arrow mark and identification marking;
Standard database; Preserve a standard Chinese geographical indication of creating to each map unit; The preservation location map of this standard Chinese geographical indication in standard database is in geographic information data, and wherein this standard Chinese geographical indication comprises the separation field, points to field and identification field;
Fuzzy database; Preserve one group of fuzzy Chinese geographical indication creating to each map unit; Should the fuzzy preservation location map of Chinese geographical indication in fuzzy database in geographic information data and set up relatedly with the mapping of this standard Chinese geographical indication, wherein should fuzzy Chinese geographical indication comprise that the fuzzy Chinese geographical indication of one group of one-level and one group of secondary blured Chinese geographical indication;
Search device,, in standard database, search corresponding standard Chinese geographical indication based on said separation mark, arrow mark and identification marking; If find corresponding standard Chinese geographical indication, then find corresponding geographic information data and corresponding map unit according to said mapping, this map unit, coordinate data and geographic information data are all returned as lookup result; If do not find corresponding standard Chinese geographical indication; Then search device and in a fuzzy database, search corresponding fuzzy Chinese geographical indication based on said separation mark, arrow mark and identification marking; If find corresponding fuzzy Chinese geographical indication; Then find corresponding geographic information data and corresponding map unit, this map unit, coordinate data and geographic information data are all returned as lookup result according to said mapping; If do not find corresponding fuzzy Chinese geographical indication, then return and search failure information.
8. the geographical decoding device of Chinese as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that,
The fuzzy Chinese geographical indication of said one-level has identical separation field and identification field with the standard Chinese geographical indication;
The fuzzy Chinese geographical indication of said secondary has identical sensing field and identification field with the standard Chinese geographical indication.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN103810194A (en) * | 2012-11-11 | 2014-05-21 | 刘龙 | Geographic coding method, position inquiring system and position inquiring method |
| CN105786922A (en) * | 2014-12-25 | 2016-07-20 | 高德软件有限公司 | Method and equipment for determining missing electronic map data |
| CN109344213A (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2019-02-15 | 浙江工业大学 | A kind of Chinese Geocoding based on dictionary tree |
| CN111680210A (en) * | 2020-05-26 | 2020-09-18 | 北京三快在线科技有限公司 | Information searching method, device, searching gateway and storage medium |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103810194A (en) * | 2012-11-11 | 2014-05-21 | 刘龙 | Geographic coding method, position inquiring system and position inquiring method |
| CN105786922A (en) * | 2014-12-25 | 2016-07-20 | 高德软件有限公司 | Method and equipment for determining missing electronic map data |
| CN109344213A (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2019-02-15 | 浙江工业大学 | A kind of Chinese Geocoding based on dictionary tree |
| CN109344213B (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2021-06-18 | 浙江工业大学 | Chinese geocoding method based on dictionary tree |
| CN111680210A (en) * | 2020-05-26 | 2020-09-18 | 北京三快在线科技有限公司 | Information searching method, device, searching gateway and storage medium |
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