CN102443269B - Radiation modified soybean isolated protein/starch plastic and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Radiation modified soybean isolated protein/starch plastic and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention claims a radiation modified soybean isolated protein/starch biodegradable plastic and a preparation method thereof, wherein the radiation modified soybean isolated protein/starch plastic is prepared by taking soybean isolated protein and starch as main materials and modifying the materials by ray radiation; when the biodegradable plastic is prepared, each material is mixed according to the following parts by weight: 85-95 parts of modified soybean isolated protein, 5-15 parts of modified starch, 1-3 parts of caprolactam, 10-20 parts of water and 10-25 parts of glycerol. The invention has the following advantages: the soybean isolated protein is modified by proper methanol or ethanol, so hydrophilic group in the protein is reduced and water resistance of the plastic is improved. Proper starch is taken as the filler, so that flexibility of the plastic is enhanced and cost is reduced to be suitable for industrial production. Meanwhile, by regulating content of the starch and irradiation dose, materials with different mechanical properties can be obtained, thereby obtaining high technology content and innovation. The preparation technology adopts a common plastic device and a method thereof, so the process is simple, and easy to operate. Furthermore, the radiation modified soybean isolated protein/starch plastic is formed by the modified soybean isolated protein and a plasticiser by hot pressing, so that the radiation modified soybean isolated protein/starch plastic, after being discarded, is very easy to decompose into carbon dioxide and water by microbe without environmental pollution. The soybean protein is an inexhaustible renewable resource.
Description
Technical field
The present invention the invention belongs to the natural macromolecular material field, relates to plastic of soybean protein and radiation processing technology, is specifically related to soybean protein and the crosslinked bio-degradable plastics of starch and preparation method thereof, also belongs to technical field of environmental science.
Background technology
After 20th century, the research of synthesized polymer material this respect is advanced by leaps and bounds, and material has promoted the development of human society and the progress of human civilization as the basic substance of social development, based on the performance of the excellence of petroleum base macromolecule polymer material, be widely used in the every field of society.Yet, plastics bring life facility, the quality of making the life better to people when, also brought two more insoluble problems to the mankind: the one, environmental pollution is serious; The 2nd, petroleum resources are in short supply.Plastics pollution and to seek new eco-friendly non-petroleum base polymkeric substance be the problem that Present Global is paid close attention to, the effective way that Biodegradable material takes stopgap measures just and effects a permanent cure becomes the needs of China's Sustainable development.
Irradiation has been widely used in chemical industry since rising from the sixties as a kind of processing technology and means, organic polymer material complete processing particularly, and its correlative study constantly heats up, and has formed the level of commercial production scale.Irradiation can cause that the chemical transformation of high molecular polymer wrapping material has crosslinking reaction, depolymerization reaction etc., and Cross-linking and scission usually occurs polymkeric substance simultaneously.The factor that affects chemical transformation mainly is the characteristic of irradiation dose, raw material, no oxygen existence etc. is arranged, and the size of dose rate does not affect degree of crosslinking and degree of depolymerizaton.Because Plastic Packaging Materials is synthesized polymer material, be the polymkeric substance of organic monomer, so various materials are because molecule monomer, degree of crosslinking, synthetic method, other compositions of adding are not quite similar, its character also has larger difference.Irradiation products has its original characteristics than the product of traditional chemical method production: suitable machining at low temperature, operate continuously is strong, product purity is high, quality is good, less energy consumption, cost is low, technique is simple, and pollutes littlely, meets the trend of following environmental protection.Therefore, the research and development of the relevant radiotechnology of future aspect polymer will obtain larger development.
The source such as natural high molecular substance such as starch, Mierocrystalline cellulose, hemicellulose, xylogen, pectin, chitin, protein is abundant, cheap, the bioabsorbable polymer material that particularly utilizes their to prepare can be degradable, has good biocompatibility, and safety non-toxic, the product that forms thus has the double meaning with environmental improvement of taking full advantage of of natural renewable resource concurrently, thereby is subject to the attention of various countries.Natural macromolecular material has the plurality of advantages such as cheap, degradable, and for this reason, World Developed Countries is all invested eye the research and development of renewable resources-natural polymer.Exploitation and popularization renewable resources product not only are conducive to preserve the ecological environment, and are conducive to develop new farm crop and new chemical technology and promote Agricultural Growth and the chance that creates more jobs, for developing country brings than the large economy benefit.
Since beginning particularly the eighties, countries in the world are dropped into the research and development that a large amount of human and material resources are devoted to the degradable polymer material one after another seventies, and the progress that obtains in many aspects so far is encouraging.But protein material also has some technical barriers that need to be resolved hurrily in research and application process, these difficult problems mainly concentrate on the following aspects:
(1) soybean protein isolate Biodegradable material rigidity is strong, snappiness is poor, water resisting property is poor, is difficult to satisfy suitability for industrialized production processing needs.
(2) soybean protein isolate Biodegradable material cost is higher, in view of present form, is difficult to the market operation.
(3) use partially filled raw material to improve product performance in the soybean protein isolate Biodegradable material, but fill material and soybean protein are difficult to perfect adaptation, cause that material surface is rough, color and luster is not attractive in appearance.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: provide a kind of be easy to after discarded by microorganism resolve into carbonic acid gas and water, have good biological degradability, environmentally safe, the protection that is conducive to ecotope, material surface compactness and tensile strength is high, more level and smooth glossy, the water resisting property and transmittance is high, cost is lower, the simple radiation modified soybean isolated protein/starch plastic of production technique and preparation method thereof of material.
For solving its technical problem, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
According to an aspect of the present invention, a kind of radiation modification isolated soybean protein/starch biodegradable plastic is provided, take soybean protein isolate and starch as main raw material, be prepared from by the ray modified feedstock, when the described bio-degradable plastics of preparation, each feed composition mixes according to following weight part and forms: modified soybean protein isolate 85-95 part, treated starch 5-15 part, hexanolactam 1-3 part, water 10-20 part, glycerine 10-25 part.
According to a further aspect in the invention, a kind of preparation method of radiation modification isolated soybean protein/starch biodegradable plastic is provided, comprise following processing step: (1) is scattered in the methyl alcohol or ethanol of 3 times of weight after soybean protein isolate (SPI) and starch are made mixture according to the ratio of 85-95 weight part/5-15 weight part, mechanical stirring was uniformly dispersed mixture in 30 minutes, the concentration of adding during this time 1L every 10 minutes is the hydrochloric acid of 0.05-0.15mol/L, react complete after with sample suction filtration 5-10 minute, naturally dry, obtain the blocking modification raw material with for subsequent use; (2) 1-3 part hexanolactam is dissolved in 10-20 part distilled water, in step 1, add the distilled water that 10-20 part is contained hexanolactam in the sample of preparation, when the machinery rapid stirring is even to moisture distribution, pour in the aluminium foil sack, vacuumize sealing with Vacuum Packaging Machine and process; (3) adopt the dosage of 10~50kGy to carry out radiation treatment the SPI/ starch mixture in the aluminium foil sack, impel crosslinking reaction and oxidizing reaction occur between the material molecule; (4) the SPI/ starch mixture of radiation treatment in the step 3 being crossed and glycerine machinery rapid stirring are even fluffy without block to protein powder, mixture is placed mould, take out after putting into the vulcanizing press heating and pressurizing, under the 95-150 ℃ of mold temperature and under the forming pressure of 10-25Mpa, hot pressing 10-20 minute, the hot goods that take out are the room temperature cooling forming under same pressure, namely gets soybean protein/starch biodegradable plastic goods.
Of particular note, in radiation modification isolated soybean protein/starch biodegradable plastic of the present invention and preparation method thereof, for making prepared bio-degradable plastics have higher material mechanical performance and transmittance, in raw material, added an amount of hexanolactam, in the water dissolution hexanolactam process as initiator, make the polar group grafting of hexanolactam open loop and protein molecule molecule, crosslinked, thereby increase the molecular chain of protein, interaction force between protein molecule is strengthened and the protein surface group is reduced, reduced surface group to Optical Absorption.
In the present invention, described starch can be any one of W-Gum, wheat starch, tapioca (flour), potato starch, sweet potato starch; The ray that irradiation adopts can be
60Co or
137Electron beam or X ray that the gamma-rays that Cs produces, rumbatron produce.
Above-mentioned plastic of soybean protein can be used for biodegradable green material such as disposable tableware, food product pack, composite material for industry etc.
Advantage of the present invention is:
(1) the plasticizing soy protein matter tableware of the present invention's development, be by soybean protein isolate, starch, water, glycerine preparation, be easy to be resolved into carbonic acid gas and water by microorganism after it is discarded to have good biological degradability, environmentally safe is conducive to the protection of ecotope;
(2) the plasticizing soy protein matter tableware of the present invention's development, after composite elasticizer was modified, the tensile strength of tableware and light transmission have obtained raising to a certain degree, and be high in technological content, has novelty;
(3) the present invention adopts irradiation technique, and is safe and effective, improves material surface compactness and tensile strength, makes material more smoothly glossy, and then water resisting property and transmittance raising;
(4) the present invention adopts starch as weighting agent, because starch is the raw material more cheap than albumen, so save cost, is conducive to bio-degradable plastics and puts goods on the market as early as possible;
(5) the modified soybean protein tableware of the present invention's development, its production technique is simple, is easy to industrial operation;
(6) soybean protein is a kind of reproducible natural polymer child resource, and comparing with the petroleum base tableware has inexhaustible advantage;
Embodiment
For a better understanding of the present invention, further illustrate content of the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment, but content of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Embodiment 1
(1) soybean protein isolate of 100kg and starch are (88: 12, W/W) mixture is scattered in the methyl alcohol or ethanol of 300kg, after mechanical stirring is uniformly dispersed SPI, after stirring evenly, divide three times each (interval 10 minutes) to add 1L hydrochloric acid (0.1mol/L), stirred altogether 30 minutes, and reacted complete rear suction filtration, naturally dry, obtain the blocking modification raw material for standby;
(2) in 15kg water, add the 1kg hexanolactam, adding 15kg water in the 100kg raw material, without block, vacuum-sealing adopts the dosage of 10kGy to carry out the cross-linking radiation processing to mechanical stirring to fluffy;
(3) take by weighing 100kg soybean protein isolate and the starch mixture that radiation treatment is crossed, add 20kg glycerine, after these raw materials are fully mixed, pour in the flat plate mold of vulcanizing press, under 120 ℃ of mold temperatures and under the forming pressure of 15Mpa, hot pressing 15 minutes, hot goods are the room temperature cooling forming under 15Mpa pressure, obtains product (sheet material).The mechanical property of the sheet material that makes, water repelling property and optical property see Table 1.
Embodiment 2
(1) soybean protein isolate of 100kg and starch are (88: 12, W/W) mixture is scattered in the methyl alcohol or ethanol of 300kg, after mechanical stirring is uniformly dispersed SPI, after stirring evenly, divide three times each (interval 10 minutes) to add 1L hydrochloric acid (0.1mol/L), stirred altogether 30 minutes, and reacted complete rear suction filtration, naturally dry, obtain the blocking modification raw material for standby;
(2) in 15kg water, add the 1kg hexanolactam, adding 15kg water in the 100kg raw material, without block, vacuum-sealing adopts the dosage of 30kGy to carry out the cross-linking radiation processing to mechanical stirring to fluffy;
(3) take by weighing 100kg soybean protein isolate and the starch mixture that radiation treatment is crossed, add 20kg glycerine, after these raw materials are fully mixed, pour in the flat plate mold of vulcanizing press, under 120 ℃ of mold temperatures and under the forming pressure of 15Mpa, hot pressing 15 minutes, hot goods are the room temperature cooling forming under 15Mpa pressure, obtains product (sheet material).The mechanical property of the sheet material that makes, water repelling property and optical property see Table 1.
Comparative example 1
(1) soybean protein isolate of 100kg and starch are (88: 12, W/W) mixture is scattered in the methyl alcohol or ethanol of 300kg, after mechanical stirring is uniformly dispersed SPI, after stirring evenly, divide three times each (interval 10 minutes) to add 1L hydrochloric acid (0.1mol/L), stirred altogether 30 minutes, and reacted complete rear suction filtration, naturally dry, obtain the blocking modification raw material for standby;
(2) add the 1kg hexanolactam in 15kg water, add 15kg water in the 100kg raw material, without block, sealed up for safekeeping 3 days by vacuum-sealing to fluffy for mechanical stirring;
(3) take by weighing 100kg soybean protein isolate and the starch mixture that radiation treatment is crossed, add 20kg glycerine, after these raw materials are fully mixed, pour in the flat plate mold of vulcanizing press, under 120 ℃ of mold temperatures and under the forming pressure of 15Mpa, hot pressing 15 minutes, hot goods are the room temperature cooling forming under 15Mpa pressure, obtains product (sheet material).The mechanical property of the sheet material that makes, water repelling property and optical property see Table 1.
Comparative example 2
(1) soybean protein isolate of 100kg and starch are (85: 15, W/W) mixture is scattered in the methyl alcohol or ethanol of 300kg, after mechanical stirring is uniformly dispersed SPI, after stirring evenly, divide three times each (interval 10 minutes) to add 1L hydrochloric acid (0.1mol/L), stirred altogether 30 minutes, and reacted complete rear suction filtration, naturally dry, obtain the blocking modification raw material for standby;
(2) in 15kg water, add the 1kg hexanolactam, adding 15kg water in the 100kg raw material, without block, vacuum-sealing adopts the dosage of 30kGy to carry out the cross-linking radiation processing to mechanical stirring to fluffy;
(3) take by weighing 100kg soybean protein isolate and the starch mixture that radiation treatment is crossed, add 20kg glycerine, after these raw materials are fully mixed, pour in the flat plate mold of vulcanizing press, under 120 ℃ of mold temperatures and under the forming pressure of 15Mpa, hot pressing 15 minutes, hot goods are the room temperature cooling forming under 15Mpa pressure, obtains product (sheet material).The mechanical property of the sheet material that makes, water repelling property and optical property see Table 1.
Comparative example 3
(1) soybean protein isolate of 100kg and starch are (91: 9, W/W) mixture is scattered in the methyl alcohol or ethanol of 300kg, after mechanical stirring is uniformly dispersed SPI, after stirring evenly, divide three times each (interval 10 minutes) to add 1L hydrochloric acid (0.1mol/L), stirred altogether 30 minutes, and reacted complete rear suction filtration, naturally dry, obtain the blocking modification raw material for standby;
(2) in 15kg water, add the 1kg hexanolactam, adding 15kg water in the 100kg raw material, without block, vacuum-sealing adopts the dosage of 30kGy to carry out the cross-linking radiation processing to mechanical stirring to fluffy;
(3) take by weighing 100kg soybean protein isolate and the starch mixture that radiation treatment is crossed, add 20kg glycerine, after these raw materials are fully mixed, pour in the flat plate mold of vulcanizing press, under 120 ℃ of mold temperatures and under the forming pressure of 15Mpa, hot pressing 15 minutes, hot goods are the room temperature cooling forming under 15Mpa pressure, obtains product (sheet material).The mechanical property of the sheet material that makes, water repelling property and optical property see Table 1.
Embodiment 3
(1) soybean protein isolate of 100kg and starch are (85: 15, W/W) mixture is scattered in the methyl alcohol or ethanol of 300kg, after mechanical stirring is uniformly dispersed SPI, after stirring evenly, divide three times each (interval 10 minutes) to add 1L hydrochloric acid (0.1mol/L), stirred altogether 30 minutes, and reacted complete rear suction filtration, naturally dry, obtain the blocking modification raw material for standby;
(2) in 15kg water, add the 1kg hexanolactam, adding 15kg water in the 100kg raw material, without block, vacuum-sealing adopts the dosage of 50kGy to carry out the cross-linking radiation processing to mechanical stirring to fluffy;
(3) take by weighing 100kg soybean protein isolate and the starch mixture that radiation treatment is crossed, add 20kg glycerine, after these raw materials are fully mixed, pour in the flat plate mold of vulcanizing press, under 120 ℃ of mold temperatures and under the forming pressure of 15Mpa, hot pressing 15 minutes, hot goods are the room temperature cooling forming under 15Mpa pressure, obtains product (sheet material).The mechanical property of the sheet material that makes, water repelling property and optical property see Table 1.
Soybean protein isolate in above-described embodiment is the commercially available prod, and water is tap water, and starch and glycerine are analytical pure.
The performance comparison of table 1 isolated soybean protein/starch degradable plastics
The testing method of plastic of soybean protein properties of sample in the table 1: mechanical property newly thinks carefully in Shenzhen that according to GB/T 1040-92 the CMT-0104 type microcomputer controlled electronic universal tester of measurement technology company limited measures, and draw speed is 50mm/min; Water repelling property is measured (water repelling property represents that with water-intake rate the lower water repelling property of water-intake rate is better) according to GB/T 1034-1998 method 2; Light transmission is used the WGT-S transmittance of limited liability company of Nereid section/mist degree determinator and is measured.
As shown in Table 1, it is finer and close that the rising of irradiation dose is conducive to the material internal structure, thereby improve tensile strength, water repelling property and the transmittance of plastic of soybean protein.The rising of starch content impels the raising of the elongation at break of product, and snappiness strengthens.The variation of the content of adjusting irradiation dose, starch and increase and decrease on each performance, all the increasing than soybean protein of softening agent.
Above-described specific embodiment further describes purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect.Institute it should be understood that the above only for specific embodiments of the invention, is not limited to the present invention, and is within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any modification of making, is equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. radiation modification isolated soybean protein/starch biodegradable plastic, take soybean protein isolate and starch as main raw material, auxiliary material comprises hexanolactam, water and glycerine, described soybean protein isolate and starch are through the x radiation x modification, it is characterized in that: each feed composition mixes according to following weight part and forms: soybean protein isolate 85-95 part, starch 5-15 part, hexanolactam 1-3 part, water 10-20 part, glycerine 10-25 part; When the described bio-degradable plastics of preparation, soybean protein isolate carries out blocking modification to reduce the hydrophilic radical in the albumen, the water repelling property of raising plastics through methyl alcohol or ethanol, and starch serves as the weighting agent of soybean protein isolate with the snappiness of reinforced plastics; The preparation method of described radiation modification isolated soybean protein/starch biodegradable plastic comprises following processing step:
(1) after being made mixture according to the ratio of 85-95 weight part/5-15 weight part, soybean protein isolate (SPI) and starch is scattered in the methyl alcohol or ethanol of 3 times of weight, mechanical stirring was uniformly dispersed mixture in 30 minutes, adding 1L concentration every 10 minutes during this time is the hydrochloric acid of 0.05-0.15mol/L, react complete after with sample suction filtration 5-10 minute, naturally dry, obtain the sample of blocking modification with for subsequent use;
(2) 1-3 weight part hexanolactam is dissolved in the 10-20 weight part distilled water, in step 1, add the distilled water that contains hexanolactam in the sample of preparation, when the machinery rapid stirring is even to moisture distribution, pour in the aluminium foil sack, vacuumize sealing with Vacuum Packaging Machine and process;
(3) adopt the dosage of 10~50kGy to carry out radiation treatment the soybean protein isolate in the aluminium foil sack (SPI)/starch mixture, impel crosslinking reaction and oxidizing reaction occur between the material molecule;
(4) soybean protein isolate of radiation treatment in the step 3 being crossed (SPI)/starch mixture and glycerine machinery rapid stirring are even fluffy without block to protein powder, mixture is placed mould, put into the vulcanizing press heating and pressurizing, under the 95-150 ℃ of mold temperature and under the forming pressure of 10-25MPa, hot pressing 10-20 minute, the hot goods that take out are the room temperature cooling forming under same pressure, namely gets soybean protein/starch biodegradable plastic goods.
2. radiation modification isolated soybean protein/starch biodegradable plastic according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described ray can be
60Co or
137Electron beam or X ray that the gamma-rays that Cs produces, rumbatron produce.
3. radiation modification isolated soybean protein/starch biodegradable plastic according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described starch can be any one of W-Gum, wheat starch, tapioca (flour), potato starch, sweet potato starch.
4. preparation method such as each described radiation modification isolated soybean protein/starch biodegradable plastic of claims 1 to 3, it is characterized in that: described preparation method comprises following processing step:
(1) after being made mixture according to the ratio of 85-95 weight part/5-15 weight part, soybean protein isolate (SPI) and starch is scattered in the methyl alcohol or ethanol of 3 times of weight, mechanical stirring was uniformly dispersed mixture in 30 minutes, adding 1L concentration every 10 minutes during this time is the hydrochloric acid of 0.05-0.15mol/L, react complete after with sample suction filtration 5-10 minute, naturally dry, obtain the sample of blocking modification with for subsequent use;
(2) 1-3 weight part hexanolactam is dissolved in the 10-20 weight part distilled water, in step 1, add the distilled water that contains hexanolactam in the sample of preparation, when the machinery rapid stirring is even to moisture distribution, pour in the aluminium foil sack, vacuumize sealing with Vacuum Packaging Machine and process;
(3) adopt the dosage of 10~50kGy to carry out radiation treatment the soybean protein isolate in the aluminium foil sack (SPI)/starch mixture, impel crosslinking reaction and oxidizing reaction occur between the material molecule;
(4) soybean protein isolate of radiation treatment in the step 3 being crossed (SPI)/starch mixture and glycerine machinery rapid stirring are even fluffy without block to protein powder, mixture is placed mould, put into the vulcanizing press heating and pressurizing, under the 95-150 ℃ of mold temperature and under the forming pressure of 10-25MPa, hot pressing 10-20 minute, the hot goods that take out are the room temperature cooling forming under same pressure, namely gets soybean protein/starch biodegradable plastic goods.
5. preparation method according to claim 4 is characterized in that: the methyl alcohol in the step 1 or ethanol reusable edible.
6. preparation method according to claim 4 is characterized in that: the irradiation in the step 3 by
60Co or
137Electron beam or X ray that the gamma-rays that Cs produces, rumbatron produce provide.
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