CN102440717B - Vacuum cleaner - Google Patents

Vacuum cleaner Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102440717B
CN102440717B CN201110293774.4A CN201110293774A CN102440717B CN 102440717 B CN102440717 B CN 102440717B CN 201110293774 A CN201110293774 A CN 201110293774A CN 102440717 B CN102440717 B CN 102440717B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
hard tube
vacuum cleaner
cleaner head
cleaner
hand
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
CN201110293774.4A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN102440717A (en
Inventor
P·D·甘马克
S·B·考特尼
J·G·马什
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dyson Ltd
Original Assignee
Dyson Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
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Application filed by Dyson Ltd filed Critical Dyson Ltd
Publication of CN102440717A publication Critical patent/CN102440717A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN102440717B publication Critical patent/CN102440717B/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L5/00—Structural features of suction cleaners
    • A47L5/12—Structural features of suction cleaners with power-driven air-pumps or air-compressors, e.g. driven by motor vehicle engine vacuum
    • A47L5/22—Structural features of suction cleaners with power-driven air-pumps or air-compressors, e.g. driven by motor vehicle engine vacuum with rotary fans
    • A47L5/225—Convertible suction cleaners, i.e. convertible between different types thereof, e.g. from upright suction cleaners to sledge-type suction cleaners
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L5/00—Structural features of suction cleaners
    • A47L5/12—Structural features of suction cleaners with power-driven air-pumps or air-compressors, e.g. driven by motor vehicle engine vacuum
    • A47L5/22—Structural features of suction cleaners with power-driven air-pumps or air-compressors, e.g. driven by motor vehicle engine vacuum with rotary fans
    • A47L5/24—Hand-supported suction cleaners
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L5/00—Structural features of suction cleaners
    • A47L5/12—Structural features of suction cleaners with power-driven air-pumps or air-compressors, e.g. driven by motor vehicle engine vacuum
    • A47L5/22—Structural features of suction cleaners with power-driven air-pumps or air-compressors, e.g. driven by motor vehicle engine vacuum with rotary fans
    • A47L5/28—Suction cleaners with handles and nozzles fixed on the casings, e.g. wheeled suction cleaners with steering handle
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L9/00—Details or accessories of suction cleaners, e.g. mechanical means for controlling the suction or for effecting pulsating action; Storing devices specially adapted to suction cleaners or parts thereof; Carrying-vehicles specially adapted for suction cleaners
    • A47L9/02—Nozzles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L9/00—Details or accessories of suction cleaners, e.g. mechanical means for controlling the suction or for effecting pulsating action; Storing devices specially adapted to suction cleaners or parts thereof; Carrying-vehicles specially adapted for suction cleaners
    • A47L9/24—Hoses or pipes; Hose or pipe couplings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L9/00—Details or accessories of suction cleaners, e.g. mechanical means for controlling the suction or for effecting pulsating action; Storing devices specially adapted to suction cleaners or parts thereof; Carrying-vehicles specially adapted for suction cleaners
    • A47L9/24—Hoses or pipes; Hose or pipe couplings
    • A47L9/242—Hose or pipe couplings

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Nozzles For Electric Vacuum Cleaners (AREA)
  • Electric Vacuum Cleaner (AREA)

Abstract

A kind of stick type vacuum type vacuum cleaner, comprising: hand-held vacuum cleaner, and this hand-held vacuum cleaner is attached to elongated rigidity hard tube and fluid is connected to the cleaner head of the end being arranged on hard tube.Cleaner head is connected to hard tube via mechanical steering coupler makes cleaner head turn to for when hard tube rotates around its axle in the plane on parallel contact ground.

Description

Vacuum cleaner
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of vacuum cleaners, more specifically, relate to " vacuum bar (stick-vac) " type vacuum cleaner of general type, comprise hand-held vacuum cleaner, it is attached to elongated rigid hard tube (wand) and its fluid is connected to the cleaner head being arranged on hard tube end.
Background technology
Broadly, there are four class vacuum cleaners: " vertical " vacuum cleaner, " drum type brake " dust catcher (also referred to as " pot type (canister) " dust catcher), " hand-held " vacuum cleaner and " rod-type " vacuum cleaner, rear one is generally called as " vacuum bar " dust catcher or is called for short " vacuum bar ".
Vertical type dust collector and drum type brake dust catcher are well-known.They are tending towards power operation and for heavier clean applications.
Hand-held vacuum cleaner is less, very portable vacuum cleaner, is most suitable for light-dutyer application, and the stain of such as family ground and decoration cleans, the cleaning inside etc. of car and boat.Different with drum type brake dust catcher from vertical type dust collector, they are designed to be held in hand during use, and are tending towards battery-operated.
Vacuum bar dust catcher mainly provides the light function replacement of vertical dust catcher for the application of light-dutyer floor cleaning, such as cleaning floor chip.
Broadly, the vacuum bar that existence two kinds is dissimilar.In some sense, the first kind is superfine wire (ultra slim-line) vertical type dust collector, although normally " operate without electric wire formula " instead of power operation.The example of this kind of vacuum bar dust catcher, shown in UK Patent Application No.GB2377880A1, in this case, introduces removable hand-held vacuum cleaner extraly.
Equations of The Second Kind vacuum bar dust catcher is the innovative product from hand-held vacuum cleaner, comprise the hand-held vacuum cleaner be combined with rigidity, elongated air-breathing hard tube, this air-breathing hard tube effectively extends downward ground and makes user can keep standing when cleaning floor surface.Dust suction is taken off (floor tool) is generally fixedly attached to the end of rigidity, elongated air-breathing hard tube, or alternatively can be integrated with the bottom of hard tube.The design of such vacuum bar dust catcher is shown in USD298875, USD303173 and USD280033.In each case, hand-held suction unit comprises motor, fan and some separator, and this separator can be bag or cyclone separation system.
The present invention relates to Equations of The Second Kind vacuum bar dust catcher.When these vacuum bar dust catchers, hard tube and dust suction are taken off and are generally considered to be and the low cost annex sold as hand-held vacuum cleaner, and thus compared with the Special vacuum bar dust catcher of the first kind, the function of the vacuum bar pattern of dust catcher is tending towards poor.
Summary of the invention
An object of the present invention is the stick type vacuum cleaner of the improvement providing the above-mentioned second general type.
According to the present invention, a kind of stick type vacuum cleaner is provided, comprise hand-held vacuum cleaner, this hand-held vacuum cleaner is attached to elongated rigidity hard tube and fluid is connected to the cleaner head of the end being arranged on described hard tube, wherein cleaner head is connected to hard tube via mechanical steering coupler, and this mechanical steering coupler is used in the plane on parallel contact ground, making cleaner head turn to when hard tube rotates around its axle.
By providing according to mechanical steering coupler of the present invention between hard tube and cleaner head, the stick type vacuum cleaner of navigability general type relative to traditional second of stick type vacuum cleaner is improved greatly.
Any suitable mechanical steering coupler can be used.Particularly, mechanical steering coupler can configure to retrain hard tube and cleaner head turns around hard tube axle corotation, allows hard tube to rotate around relative with the uneven axle of hard tube axle with cleaner head simultaneously.This type of turns to coupler to implement more cheaply, simultaneously still for dust catcher provides the navigability of height.
Cleaner head and hard tube can couple to rotate along rotatable interlocking or via knuckle joint is relative.The use of knuckle joint is considered to particularly advantageous, because it provides mechanical steering advantage for cleaning head turning to period.
Hard tube can be hingedly connected to cleaner head passively, to change the angle of lying between hard tube and cleaner head.Variable angle of lying contributes to turning to period to keep cleaner head kiss the earth through the steering angle of relative broad range in cleaner head.Here, term " angle of lying " some be similar to angle of lying between the bottom of glof club head and the axle of club.
When hard tube and cleaning head are coupled by knuckle joint, this knuckle joint can be the hinged knuckle joint for changing the angle of lying between cleaning head and hard tube.
Dust laden air can be transported to hand vacuum cleaner unit by hard tube.Thus hard tube advantageously provide cleaner head fluid is connected to hand-held vacuum cleaner simultaneously also transmission turn to torque to arrive the dual purpose of cleaner head.
Hand-held vacuum cleaner can comprise pistol grip handle.In stick type vacuum cleaner according to the present invention, hand-held vacuum cleaner arranges pistol grip handle and is considered to particularly advantageous, because it is tending towards the forearm of user to aim at hard tube (gun barrel that hard tube is similar to pistol).Therefore, turning to of dust catcher can be controlled mainly through the outward turning of forearm and inward turning, and this is nature and comfortable for the user.
Pistol grip handle also provides good lever for the effective transmission turning to torque of (via hard tube) between handle and cleaning head, the trend of hand rolling on handle top of user when especially reducing rotating handles to make cleaning head turn to.The thering is provided of straight pistol grip handle extended perpendicular to hard tube is considered to advantageous particularly in this.
The not use trigger (trigger) that provides of pistol grip handle becomes necessary, although use trigger such as switch hand held cleaner yes easily.
Hand-held vacuum cleaner will comprise the motor of some forms, and it will be parts heavier in hand-held vacuum cleaner.Advantageously, this motor can be positioned at pistol grip handle upper end or near, thus the weight of motor can be more cosily supported on user on hand.
Hand-held vacuum cleaner can comprise cyclone separation system, and hard tube can be aimed at the tangential entry axle to cyclone separation system in this case.Thus dust laden air is delivered directly in cyclone separation system along preferred inlet shaft.It reduce " discontinuity " pressure loss between hard tube and piece-rate system, because the larger Pressure Drop at the two ends of (longer) hard tube, so it is advantageous particularly in the present case.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Referring now to accompanying drawing, embodiments of the present invention are described, in the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the perspective view of the vacuum bar dust catcher illustrated in use;
Fig. 2 is the close-up perspective view of a part for vacuum bar dust catcher in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the perspective view that forming section is taken off in the dust suction of the vacuum bar dust catcher shown in Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is the view corresponding to Fig. 1, but shows and the various operating axis making vacuum bar dust catcher negotiate terrain turn to relevant rotation;
Fig. 5 is perspective view, illustrates that the alternative dust suction that can be formed according to a part for vacuum bar dust catcher of the present invention is taken off; And
Fig. 6 is the cross-sectional side view taken off shown in Fig. 5.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 illustrates the vacuum bar dust catcher in use, comprise the hand-held vacuum cleaner 3 be held in hand, be attached to hand held cleaner 3 and to being issued to the elongate rigid tube 5 on ground and being arranged on the cleaner head 7 of end of hard tube 5, cleaner head 7 and earth surface (ground itself is clearly not shown in Figure 1, although definitely have).
With reference to figure 2, hand-held vacuum cleaner 3 comprises the motor-driven fan be arranged in motor housing 9, sucks air for the vacuum noz(zle) 11 through being positioned at hand-held vacuum cleaner 3 front portion.Elongate rigid tube 5 is connected to vacuum noz(zle) 11, and cleaner head 7 is connected to again the lower end of hard tube 5.During use, dust laden air is sucked by the air entry 12 (Fig. 3) on the downside of cleaner head 7, and is transported to the vacuum noz(zle) 11 on hand-held vacuum cleaner 3 by hard tube 5.
Before then cleaner air is expelled back into air via one or more fine granular filter (invisible), the dust laden air entering vacuum noz(zle) 11 through cyclone separation system 13, at this place's dust from air separation.Be collected in the dust of flow separation in cyclone separation system 13 for the treatment of bucket (bin) 15 in.Hand-held vacuum cleaner 3 is powered by the multiple-unit rechargeable battery be placed in power brick 17.
Cleaner head 7 forms the part that dust suction takes off 19, and dust suction is taken off 19 and can be separated with hard tube 5 by means of buckle (catch) 21.Hard tube 5 can separate by means of buckle 23 and hand held cleaner 3 again.Thus, hand held cleaner 3 is by dismantling hard tube 5 and be used alone as independently hand-held vacuum cleaner, or alternatively, hand-held vacuum cleaner 3 and hard tube 5 take off 19 and be used as " long distance (long reach) " hand-held vacuum cleaner in combination by dust suction of dismantling.The use that removable dust suction is taken off is not necessarily: such as, cleaner head 7 can for good and all be fixed to hard tube 5.
The dust suction of taking apart with hard tube 5 is taken off 19 and is schematically depicted in more detail in figure 3.
Dust suction is taken off 19 and is comprised and link neck portion 25 as the mechanical steering coupler (mechanical steering couple) between hard tube 5 with cleaner head 7.
Neck portion 25 comprises anterior 27 and rear portion 29, and the front end of anterior 27 is connected to cleaner head 7, the rear end at rear portion 29 in conjunction with buckle 21 for being detachably connected to hard tube 5.Anterior 27 are pivotally connected to rear portion 29, thus constraint anterior 27 and rear portion 29 are around axle A relative motion.Thus, anterior 27 and rear portion 29 effectively forms hinge knuckle joint and closes, hinge knuckle joint close permission when dust suction take off be connected to hard tube 5 time cleaner head 7 and hard tube 5 between the change (see Fig. 4) of angle of lying (lie angle) θ.Thus, angle of lying can change the height adapting to specific user, and in use, dust catcher can move to lower side surface direction (profile orientation) on demand with below such as clean bed.
The flexible duct of flexible pipe 31 form extends through the neck portion 25 linked.Cleaner head 7 is flexibly connected the end to hard tube 5 by flexible pipe 31 in use, thus does not hinder neck portion 25 around the link of axle A.
The front end of anterior 27 is shaped as cylindrical box cupling 27a.By traditional circlip or snap ring, cylindrical box cupling 27a arranges that (invisible in Fig. 3) is connected to the cylinder-shaped end of the rear portion outlet 7a in cleaner head 7, wherein traditional circlip or snap ring layout constraints cleaner head 7 and front portion 27 rotate around the axle B of cylindrical box cupling 27a is relative.Traditional gasket arrangement (not shown) can for the formation of the compression seal between cleaner head 7 and neck portion 25; Sealing should be preferably low friction sealed (such as, using the liner of PTFE coating), thus does not hinder cleaner head 7 rotating freely relative to neck portion 25.
Turned around hard tube axle C corotation by constraint cleaner head 7 and hard tube 5, still allow cleaner head 7 and front portion 27 around the relative rotation of axle B simultaneously, neck portion 25 as turning to coupler, wherein axle B and axle C not parallel (see Fig. 4) in use.Therefore, turning to of cleaner head 7 is controlled to guide cleaner head 7 in the desired direction by rotating hard tube 5 around hard tube axle C.Hard tube is when axle C rotates, and cleaner head 7 turns with the corotation of hard tube 5 and box cupling 8 combines with the relative rotation of rear portion outlet 7a with the rotation in surface cleaner head 7 on parallel contact ground, makes cleaner head 7 when rotated not around axle B canting (bank).Hard tube 5 and cleaner head 7 also can contribute to maintaining cleaner head 7 in the face on parallel contact ground around the hinged movement of axle A, especially for large rotational angle, although think that this hinged movement is for obtaining for the benefit that turns to not necessarily.
A pair cheese wheel 33 is arranged on anterior 27.Cheese wheel 33 is arranged on neck portion 25 minor axis (invisible) both sides.The each downward angulation of these minor axises thus each wheel is set with positive camber angle fixing accordingly.This camber angle is identical for each wheel 33, thus when forming " V " from wheel when seeing above.When hard tube 5 rotates around hard tube axle C, the correspondingly canting of dome-shaped wheel 33, to keep contacting with ground surface.Thus, compared with traditional " flat side " wheel, dome-shaped wheel 33 can by which better rotation tracking (track).
Hand-held vacuum cleaner 3 has pistol grip handle (pistol grip handle) 35 (see Fig. 2), and it is tending towards being parallel to the forearm that hard tube 5 locates user.Therefore, turning to of dust catcher 1 can be controlled mainly through the outward turning of forearm and inward turning, is therefore natural and comfortable for the user.Pistol grip handle also provides excellent lever for turning to torque from handle 35 to effective transmission of cleaning head 7 (via hard tube 5 and neck portion 25), especially reduces the trend of hand in handle " on top " rolling of the user when rotary handle is to make cleaning head 7 turn to.
Motor housing 9 is arranged on the upper end of pistol grip handle 35.Therefore, the weight of the motor between dust catcher 1 operating period in motor housing 9 is cosily supported on user on hand.
Fig. 5 shows alternative dust suction and takes off 190, and it can be connected to hard tube 5 according to the present invention and be coupled with the mechanical steering between cleaner head to provide hard tube 5.
The link neck portion 250 comprising preceding pipeline portion 270 and rear pipe section 290 is taken off in dust suction.Preceding pipeline portion 270 fluid is connected to cleaner head 70.Rear pipe section 290 is configured to sucking fit to (end of hard tube may need correspondingly to revise to adapt to this sucking fit) on hard tube 5.
Preceding pipeline portion 270 is pivotally connected to cleaner head 70, thus anterior 270 and cleaner head 70 be confined to and rotate around axle D.The change at the angle of lying when this allows to use between hard tube 5 and cleaner head 70.
Preceding pipeline portion 270 is connected to rear pipe section 290 by rotatable interlocking (scarf joint) 300, and its constraint preceding pipeline portion 270 and rear pipe section 290 rotate around axle E, and the longitudinal axis of axle E and rear pipe section 290 is not parallel.
Preceding pipeline portion 270 forms air duct together with rear pipe section 290, in use cleaner head 70 fluid being connected to hard tube 5.
Neck portion 250 is used as the mechanical steering coupler between hard tube 5 and cleaner head 70 in the mode that neck portion 25 is similar.Thus, neck portion 250 is arranged to constraint hard tube 5 and cleaner head 70 turns around hard tube axle C corotation, still allows hard tube 5 and the relative rotation of cleaner head 7 around axle E simultaneously.Therefore, when hard tube 5 rotates around hard tube axle C, cleaner head 7 and the corotation of hard tube 5 turn and are combined with the rotation with in surface cleaner head 7 on parallel contact ground with the relative rotation at anterior 270 and rear portion 290.
Axle E is not parallel to the ground, thus anterior 17 with rear portion 19 around the relative rotation of axle E comprise horizontal and vertical component (with in Fig. 4 around the relative speed ratio of axle B comparatively, in Fig. 4 around the relative rotation of axle B only in vertical plane).Therefore, anterior 270 not only offset in the less desirable canting turning to period cleaner head with the relative rotation at rear portion 290, and are provided in the mechanical advantage of rotating to the left or to the right and being correlated with in cleaner head 70 process, improve navigability further.
The air sucked by the air entry in cleaner head need not be carried by hard tube.Such as, air can by the flexible hose conveying extended on hard tube side; In this arrangement, hard tube still couples to provide required directional control ability in a similar manner with cleaner head, and therefore hard tube cleaner head will be physically connected to hand-held vacuum cleaner, but hard tube self needs not to be hollow.
Be considered to provide significantly better navigability relative to existing " vacuum bar " of identical general type according to vacuum bar dust catcher of the present invention (its example is described), the function of such vacuum bar taken to more in the product of the vacuum bar dust catcher of the above-mentioned first general type.

Claims (8)

1. a stick type vacuum cleaner, comprise hand-held vacuum cleaner, this hand-held vacuum cleaner is attached to an end of elongated rigidity hard tube and fluid is connected to the cleaner head of another end being arranged on described hard tube, wherein said cleaner head is connected to described hard tube via mechanical steering coupler, described mechanical steering coupler is used in the plane on parallel contact ground, making described cleaner head turn to when described hard tube rotates around hard tube axle, wherein said hand-held vacuum cleaner comprises pistol grip handle and comprises cyclone separation system, this cyclone separation system has tangential inlet, and described hand-held vacuum cleaner fluid is connected to described cleaner head by described hard tube, and described hard tube is aimed at described tangential inlet axle.
2. stick type vacuum cleaner according to claim 1, wherein in use, described mechanical steering coupler retrains described hard tube and described cleaner head turns around described hard tube axle corotation, also allows described hard tube to rotate around relative with the uneven axle of described hard tube axle with described cleaner head simultaneously.
3. stick type vacuum cleaner according to claim 2, wherein said cleaner head and described hard tube couple, relatively to rotate along interlocking or relatively to rotate via knuckle joint.
4. stick type vacuum cleaner according to claim 1, wherein said hard tube is hingedly connected to described cleaner head for the angle of lying changed between described hard tube and described cleaner head.
5. stick type vacuum cleaner according to claim 1, coupling between wherein said cleaner head and described hard tube is realized by hinged knuckle joint, for the angle of lying changed between described cleaner head and described hard tube.
6. stick type vacuum cleaner according to claim 1, wherein said pistol grip handle is straight substantially.
7. stick type vacuum cleaner according to claim 6, wherein said pistol grip handle is basically perpendicular to described hard tube and extends.
8. stick type vacuum cleaner according to claim 1, wherein said hand-held vacuum cleaner comprises the upper end or neighbouring motor that are positioned at described pistol grip handle.
CN201110293774.4A 2010-10-01 2011-09-29 Vacuum cleaner Ceased CN102440717B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1016563.7A GB2484146B (en) 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 A vacuum cleaner
GB1016563.7 2010-10-01

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN102440717A CN102440717A (en) 2012-05-09
CN102440717B true CN102440717B (en) 2015-09-09

Family

ID=43243375

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201110293774.4A Ceased CN102440717B (en) 2010-10-01 2011-09-29 Vacuum cleaner

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US20120079671A1 (en)
EP (1) EP2621323B1 (en)
JP (2) JP2012075904A (en)
KR (1) KR101506175B1 (en)
CN (1) CN102440717B (en)
AU (5) AU2011309890B2 (en)
GB (1) GB2484146B (en)
WO (1) WO2012042240A1 (en)

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