The stage division that a kind of electric automobile power battery echelon is utilized
Technical field
The invention belongs to storage battery field, be specifically related to the stage division that a kind of electric automobile power battery echelon is utilized.
Background technology
Electric automobile is higher to the performance requirement of electrokinetic cell, when the capacity loss of electrokinetic cell to a certain extent after, in order to ensure the security performance in power performance, continual mileage and the running of electric automobile, just must change it.The battery changing from electric automobile, still has higher residual capacity.Lithium ion battery has that specific energy is high, good temp characteristic, the advantage such as have extended cycle life, after retired as electric automobile power battery, process screening and again combo, likely be applied to relatively good, relatively low to the battery performance requirement occasion of operating mode, realize the echelon utilization of electrokinetic cell.The utilization of electrokinetic cell echelon refers at electrokinetic cell hydraulic performance decline, can not meet after electric automobile instructions for use, as energy production arrangement, at other field, continues to use.
For the battery that gets off, likely carries out echelon utilization retired from electric automobile, not yet there is the proposition of battery hierarchical concept, more there is no relevant stage division.Lithium-ion-power cell, before using in groups, normally judges also sorting according to the external characteristic parameter of battery (as: capacity of battery, internal resistance, charging and discharging curve, self discharge etc.) to the performance of battery, and in proper order as battery foundation in groups.And the electrokinetic cell utilizing for echelon, decline due to its security performance and chemical property, therefore before use, need assess to its health status (comprising security performance, self discharge, charge-discharge characteristic, the cycle performance in follow-up use of battery etc.), judge that battery whether can echelon utilization and how to carry out echelon utilization.The external characteristic parameter of battery can only reflect the variation of its some main parameters, can not from inherent mechanism reflection, cause the factor of battery performance decline, also just can accurately not assess cell health state.On the basis that the present invention analyzes in battery external characteristic parameter first, internal characteristic analysis in conjunction with battery, fundamentally hold the reason of battery performance decline, and then the health status of battery is assessed, and according to echelon, utilize the health status of electrokinetic cell, requirement in conjunction with different use occasions to battery performance, utilizes electrokinetic cell to carry out classification to echelon.
At present, the approach of electrokinetic cell echelon utilization mainly comprise stand-by power supply as computer and information system, for the peak load shifting of electrical network, level and smooth etc. for the power of renewable energy power generation.There is different applying working conditions different application scenarios, also different to the performance requirement of battery, by utilize electrokinetic cell to carry out classification to echelon, the battery applications of different stage is arrived to different occasions, can guarantee that the performance of battery meets the requirement of use occasion, gives full play to the performance of battery again.
Summary of the invention
For overcoming above-mentioned defect, the invention provides the stage division that a kind of electric automobile power battery echelon is utilized, by utilize electrokinetic cell to carry out classification to echelon, the battery applications of different stage is arrived to different occasions, can guarantee that the performance of battery meets the requirement of use occasion, gives full play to the performance of battery again.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides the stage division that a kind of electric automobile power battery echelon is utilized, its improvements are, described stage division comprises the steps:
(1). to echelon, utilize electrokinetic cell to carry out Theoretic Analysis, judge whether electrokinetic cell can carry out echelon utilization;
(2). the battery for can echelon utilizing, carries out preliminary classification according to its external characteristic parameter, then to the internal characteristic analysis of sampling of each other battery of level;
(3). on the basis of interior Theoretic Analysis, set up the incidence relation between inside and outside characterisitic parameter, and the health status of battery is assessed;
(4). cell health state assessment result is combined with the service condition of battery, to echelon, utilize electrokinetic cell to carry out classification;
Wherein, in described step 4, the service condition of battery comprises the frequency of usage of battery, multiplying power, SOC limit value.
In optimal technical scheme provided by the invention, in described step 1: the Theoretic Analysis that utilizes electrokinetic cell to carry out to echelon, comprises historical characteristics analysis, fundamental characteristics analysis of experiments and accelerated aging test analysis.
In the second optimal technical scheme provided by the invention, described historical characteristics analysis, analyze every battery cosmetic variation, internal resistance variation and active volume and energy and energy reserving ability, to no-voltage battery, excessive battery and the serious bad electrokinetic cell of outward appearance of resistance, directly get rid of the possibility that its echelon is utilized; Described fundamental characteristics historical analysis, tests and records the following parameter of each battery: voltage, internal resistance, capacity, energy, efficiency, temperature rise, voltage drop and capability retention; Add described fast ageing test analysis, the performance of test battery under accelerated ageing conditions.
In the 3rd optimal technical scheme provided by the invention, in described step 2, described preliminary classification is carried out classification according to capacity, internal resistance and the capability retention of battery in fundamental characteristics historical analysis, and different capacity, internal resistance and capability retention scope are decided to be different ranks.
In the 4th optimal technical scheme provided by the invention, in described step 2, described internal characteristic dissecting needle is to causing the factor of capacity of lithium ion battery decay to detect, and by X-ray diffraction spectrum, electrode material is carried out to crystal structure research, with ESEM, transmission electron microscope, electrode, barrier film are carried out to Morphology analysis, and observe SEI film situation, also utilize mass spectrum to carry out constituent analysis to electrolyte remaining in battery.
In the 5th optimal technical scheme provided by the invention, cause the factor of capacity of lithium ion battery decay to comprise: material crystals structural aberration, active material dissolving, current collector corrodes, pole plate become flexible, barrier film blocks and SEI membrane stage changes.
In the 6th optimal technical scheme provided by the invention, in described step 4, the echelon utilization of electrokinetic cell is carried out to following classification:
The first order: slowly thickening of SEI film mainly appears in inside battery, declines the interface charge exchange capacity of battery, but little on the frequency of usage of battery and the impact of use multiplying power;
The second level: inside battery is except SEI film thickens, also there is the phenomenon that electrode material Crystal Structure Distortion, part active material dissolve, electrochemical reaction invertibity and lithium ion diffusion coefficient are declined, the frequency of usage of battery and multiplying power are had to impact to a certain degree;
The third level: collector local corrosion appears in inside battery, part active material is loosening and come off, barrier film obstruction to a certain degree, make that active lithium quantity reduces, battery impedance increases, larger on frequency of usage, multiplying power and the impact of SOC limit value.
In the 7th optimal technical scheme provided by the invention, belong to the electrokinetic cell of the first order for the level and smooth occasion of the power of renewable energy power generation; Belong to the electrokinetic cell of the second level for the peak load shifting of electrical network; Belong to the electrokinetic cell of the third level as stand-by power supply.
Compared with the prior art, the stage division that a kind of electric automobile power battery echelon provided by the invention is utilized, by utilize electrokinetic cell to carry out classification to echelon, the battery applications of different stage is arrived to different occasions, can guarantee that the performance of battery meets the requirement of use occasion, gives full play to the performance of battery again; And the method combining by interior Theoretic Analysis, discloses echelon and utilizes the reason of electrokinetic cell performance degradation, and based on this, carry out cell health state assessment; Moreover, in grasp echelon, utilize on the basis of electrokinetic cell health status, it is carried out to accurate classification; In conjunction with the service condition of different occasions, for different stage battery finds suitable use occasion.
Embodiment
The stage division that electric automobile power battery echelon is utilized, is characterized in that, described stage division comprises the steps:
(1). to echelon, utilize electrokinetic cell to carry out Theoretic Analysis, judge whether electrokinetic cell can carry out echelon utilization;
(2). the battery for can echelon utilizing, carries out preliminary classification according to its external characteristic parameter, then to the internal characteristic analysis of sampling of each other battery of level;
(3). on the basis of interior Theoretic Analysis, set up the incidence relation between inside and outside characterisitic parameter, and the health status of battery is assessed;
(4). cell health state assessment result is combined with the service condition of battery, to echelon, utilize electrokinetic cell to carry out classification;
Wherein, in described step 4, the service condition of battery comprises the frequency of usage of battery, multiplying power, SOC limit value.
The main occasion that electrokinetic cell may carry out echelon utilization comprises peak load shifting and the stand-by power supply of level and smooth, the electrical network of renewable energy power generation power fluctuation.Level and smooth for renewable energy power generation power fluctuation, need energy-storage battery random carry out charging and discharging, charge-discharge magnification is large, frequency of usage is high, but SOC limits is relatively little; For the application of electrical network peak load shifting, the frequency of usage of energy-storage battery is relatively less and compare rule, use multiplying power also to reduce to some extent, but it is generally longer to discharge and recharge the time, and SOC limits is larger; For the application of stand-by power supply, the frequency of usage of energy-storage battery, use multiplying power and SOC limit value are all very little conventionally.
To echelon, utilize electrokinetic cell to carry out Theoretic Analysis, mainly comprise historical characteristics analysis, fundamental characteristics analysis of experiments and accelerated aging test analysis.Historical characteristics is analyzed, every battery cosmetic variation of Main Analysis, internal resistance variation and active volume and energy and energy reserving ability etc.To the serious electrokinetic cell of bad (having serious ballooning, battery surface to have breakage, battery surface to have heavy corrosion etc.) of the excessive battery of no-voltage battery, resistance and outward appearance, directly get rid of the possibility that its echelon is utilized; Fundamental characteristics historical analysis is mainly the parameters such as voltage, internal resistance, capacity, energy, efficiency, temperature rise, voltage drop and capability retention of testing and record each battery; Accelerated aging test analysis is mainly the performance of test battery under accelerated ageing conditions.For have abnormal battery in three analyses, get rid of the possibility that its echelon is utilized; For three analyses normal battery all, can consider it to carry out echelon utilization.
Battery for having echelon and utilize possibility, first carries out preliminary classification according to its external characteristic parameter, the internal characteristic analysis of then other battery of each grade being sampled.The key factor that internal characteristic analysis is loosening mainly for material crystals structural aberration, active material dissolving, current collector corrodes, pole plate, barrier film obstructions, the variation of SEI membrane stage etc. cause capacity of lithium ion battery to decay detects.By X-ray diffraction spectrum, electrode material is carried out to crystal structure research, with ESEM, transmission electron microscope, electrode, barrier film are carried out to Morphology analysis, and observe SEI film situation.With mass spectrum, electrolyte remaining in battery is carried out to constituent analysis.
By internal characteristic, analyze, grasp the reason that causes battery capacity decay, and find out the incidence relation between battery external characteristic parameter and internal characteristic, on the basis of interior Theoretic Analysis, the health status of battery is assessed.According to cell health state assessment result, and in conjunction with conditions such as the following possible frequency of usage of battery, multiplying power, SOC limit values, it is carried out to classification:
The occasions such as the first order: slowly thickening of SEI film mainly appears in inside battery, declines the interface charge exchange capacity of battery, but on the frequency of usage of battery with use multiplying power impact little, and power that this class battery can be applicable to renewable energy power generation is level and smooth; The second level: except SEI film thickens, also there is the phenomenons such as electrode material Crystal Structure Distortion, the dissolving of part active material, electrochemical reaction invertibity and lithium ion diffusion coefficient are declined, this has impact to a certain degree to the frequency of usage of battery and multiplying power, but still can be applicable to the occasions such as peak load shifting; The third level: occur collector local corrosion, part active material is loosening and come off, barrier film obstruction to a certain degree, make that active lithium quantity reduces, battery impedance increases, larger on frequency of usage, multiplying power and the impact of SOC limit value, can only be applied to the occasion of the mild conditions such as stand-by power supply.
Need statement, content of the present invention and embodiment are intended to prove the practical application of technical scheme provided by the present invention, should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.Those skilled in the art inspired by the spirit and principles of the present invention, can do various modifications, be equal to and replace or improve.But in the protection range that these changes or modification are all awaited the reply in application.