CN102435509A - Test device and test method for measuring shearing strength characteristics on different shearing surfaces - Google Patents
Test device and test method for measuring shearing strength characteristics on different shearing surfaces Download PDFInfo
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- CN102435509A CN102435509A CN2011103946007A CN201110394600A CN102435509A CN 102435509 A CN102435509 A CN 102435509A CN 2011103946007 A CN2011103946007 A CN 2011103946007A CN 201110394600 A CN201110394600 A CN 201110394600A CN 102435509 A CN102435509 A CN 102435509A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a test device and a test method for measuring shearing strength characteristics on different shearing surfaces, which belong to the technical field of civil engineering. The test device is a direct shearing test box, and an included angle Psi between each shearing surface and a depositional surface can be randomly changed in the range of 0 degree to 18 degrees during the test so as to perform the shearing strength measuring test. Compared with the constituent parts of the conventional direct shearing test box, the constituent parts of the direct shearing test box of the test device can be independently dismounted and are connected with one another by bolts, and the constituent parts can be assembled according to different requirements in the sample manufacturing process, so that certain sides and the top of the direct shearing test box can be opened. The shearing test process is the same as the conventional direct shearing test process, so that the operation is simple and can be carried out in almost in all civil engineering laboratories.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of civil engineering, be specifically related to a kind of test unit and test method that is used to measure shearing strength characteristic on the different shear surfaces of particulate material.
Background technology
Particulate materials such as engineering practice medium sand, gravel can be used as material, ground and surrounding medium.Owing to gravity sedimentation or manual work such as roll at reason, particulate materials such as these sand of occurring in nature, gravel generally have anisotropic properties.That is: when different directions loaded, material had different physico mechanical characteristics.This anisotropic properties of particulate material has important theory and engineering significance in civil engineering work.For example: present actual engineering still mainly adopts the limit equilibrium analysis method in bearing capacity, slope stability and the soil pressure of foundation soil are calculated, and supposes that usually the shearing strength on the slipping plane equates.And because the anisotropy of soil, the slipping plane (shear surface) that is different angles with depositional plane possibly have significantly different shearing strength, so the supposition that shearing strength equates on the slipping plane in the aforementioned calculation analysis is with inevitable great errors.Be the classical problem in the field of civil engineering such as the bearing capacity of scientific and rational evaluation foundation soil, slope stability, the shearing strength characteristic that is to anisotropic particle investigation of materials and depositional plane on the shear surface of different angles has important theory and engineering significance.
As shown in Figure 1, calculate on the destruction face supposed at foundation bearing capacity and to get typical unit A and B, on the slope sliding face, get unit C, more than Unit three will act on normal stress component σ respectively
nAnd σ
t, and shear stress component τ.If being rotated counterclockwise along shear direction to just, more than shear surface and angle ψ such as Fig. 1 (a)～(c) of depositional plane of three typical units.Can know that by Fig. 1 (a)～(c) variation range of the angle ψ of shear surface and depositional plane is 0 °～180 °.And in the direct shear test of routine, can only record the shearing strength under this a kind of situation of shear surface parallel with depositional plane (be ψ=0 °/180 °), and there is more serious deficiency, can not satisfy need of real project.
Summary of the invention
Deficiency to above-mentioned conventional direct shear test; The invention provides a kind of test unit and test method that can be used for measuring shearing strength characteristic on the different shear surfaces of particulate material; Described test unit is novel direct shear test box; The angle ψ of shear surface and depositional plane is changed arbitrarily between 0 °～180 °, carry out the shearing strength experiment with measuring.
Described test unit is the direct shear test box; This direct shear test box mainly is made up of base (A), force side lower wall (B), force side upper side wall (C), the end lower wall (D) of measuring one's own ability, measure one's own ability end upper side wall (E), front side wall (F) and rear wall (G); Base A has base front side wall and base rear wall; The force side lower wall (B) and the end lower wall (D) of measuring one's own ability are connected the left and right sides of the base front side wall and the base rear wall of base (A) through bolt; And it is identical with base rear wall height with the base front side wall to connect the back, and like this, base (A), force side lower wall (B) and the end lower wall (D) of measuring one's own ability are connected the back and form box down; The upper surface of described base front side wall and base rear wall bolt respectively is connected front side wall (F) and rear wall (G); Simultaneously; The both sides end face of described front side wall (F) and rear wall (G) is connected with the inside surface of force side upper side wall (C) with the end upper side wall (E) of measuring one's own ability through bolt respectively; Like this, described force side upper side wall (C), measure one's own ability end upper side wall (E), front side wall (F) and rear wall (G) have just been formed the last box of direct shear test box, become the direct shear test box after described box down and the assembling of last box.
Measure the test method of shearing strength characteristic on the different shear surfaces, comprise the steps:
The first step: according to the angle ψ of required shear surface and depositional plane, assembling direct shear test box tilts to put between two diaphragm plates (K) of outer container with the direct shear test box that assembles, and fixing with long screw (L); Then particulate material is sprinkled in the direct shear test box, is covered by particulate material until the direct shear test box;
Second step: outer container is rotated counterclockwise the ψ angle, makes the bottom surface level of the base (A) of direct shear test box; The particulate material that the direct shear test box top is exceeded front side wall (F) and rear wall (G) is wiped off, and interim cover plate is installed, and utilizes bolt that interim cover plate is linked to each other with rear wall (G) with front side wall (F);
The 3rd step: the outer container in second step is returned to the state of the first step again, the 90 °-ψ that turns clockwise then, the base (A) that makes the direct shear test box vertically, the end lower wall (D) of measuring one's own ability, end upper side wall (E) level of measuring one's own ability;
The 4th step: the direct shear test box is taken out from outer container, and the particulate material that will exceed opening sidewalls is wipeed off, and with bolt force side lower wall (B), force side upper side wall (C) is assembled;
The 5th step:, make bottom surface seat (A) level of shear box, interim cover plate at end face with direct shear test box replaced again;
The 6th step: interim cover plate is removed, installed and load top cap (H);
The 7th step: the staight scissors box that the 6th step sample preparation is accomplished is put into conventional direct shear apparatus, carry out direct shear test by the operation of conventional direct shear test.
The present invention has following advantage and effect:
(1) utilize novel direct shear test box and method for making sample, can make the sample of multiple angle of deposit, shear surface and depositional plane can be arbitrarily angled between 0 °～180 °;
(2) utilize novel direct shear test box and method for making sample, can probe into the shearing strength characteristic of the different shear surfaces of anisotropic particle material;
(3) can on conventional direct shear test appearance, carry out, only need to change the direct shear test box, cost is lower;
(4) the shear test process is identical with conventional direct shear test process, and is therefore simple to operate, almost can carry out in all soil mechanics laboratories.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1---destruction face and depositional plane angle ψ synoptic diagram;
Fig. 2---novel direct shear test box structural representation;
The understructure synoptic diagram of Fig. 2 A---novel direct shear test box;
Fig. 3---install measure one's own ability member and the novel direct shear test box that loads the top cap;
Fig. 4---install the novel direct shear test box of force application component;
Fig. 5---specimen preparation carton structure synoptic diagram;
Fig. 6 (a)---preparation ψ direct shear test box schematic layout pattern in outer container during sample between 0 °～90 °;
Fig. 6 (b)---preparation ψ direct shear test box schematic layout pattern in outer container during sample between 90 °～180 °;
Fig. 6 (c)～Fig. 6 (g)---topology transformation's synoptic diagram of direct shear test box in the specimen preparation process;
Direct shear test box among Fig. 6 (a)～Fig. 6 (g) is the M-M sectional view among Fig. 2.
Embodiment
The test unit and the test method of shearing strength characteristic on the different shear surfaces of mensuration provided by the invention are elaborated with embodiment below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Described test unit is novel direct shear test box, and is as shown in Figure 2, and this novel direct shear test box mainly is made up of base A, force side lower wall B, force side upper side wall C, the end lower wall of measuring one's own ability D, measure one's own ability end upper side wall E, front side wall F and rear wall G.Shown in Fig. 2 A, base A has base front side wall and base rear wall.Force side lower wall B holds lower wall D to be connected the left and right sides of base front side wall and the base rear wall of base A through bolt with measuring one's own ability; And it is identical with base rear wall height with the base front side wall to connect the back; Like this, base A, force side lower wall B and the end lower wall D that measures one's own ability are connected the back and form box down.The upper surface of described base front side wall and base rear wall bolt respectively is connected front side wall F and rear wall G; Simultaneously; The both sides end face of described front side wall F and rear wall G is connected with the inside surface of the end upper side wall E that measures one's own ability with force side upper side wall C through bolt respectively; Like this; Described force side upper side wall C, measure one's own ability end upper side wall E, front side wall F and rear wall G have just formed the last box of direct shear test box, and the described upper section of box down can overlap with the lower section of last box and align, and becomes the direct shear test box after the assembling.
Described force side upper side wall C, the end lower wall of measuring one's own ability D, measure one's own ability end upper side wall E, front side wall F and rear wall G are the rectangular parallelepiped list structure; Base A is the U type base arrangement that has base front side wall and base rear wall, and force side lower wall B is a L type strip structure.After the assembling of direct shear test box; Align in the outer lateral section of the end lower wall of measuring one's own ability D, measure one's own ability end upper side wall E and base A; The width of force side lower wall B upper surface is greater than the width of force side upper side wall C; As shown in Figure 2, the upper level of the force side upper side wall C and the end upper side wall E that measures one's own ability is greater than the upper level of front side wall F and rear wall G.
When sample is prepared, adopt being connected of last box and following box bolt with front side wall F, rear wall G realizations that link to each other with base A, but before sample is sheared, need these bolts be taken away, so that upward box and following box can move freely.As shown in Figure 3, during test, the outside of the end upper side wall E that measures one's own ability is connected with the member I that measures one's own ability through two bolts, and the member I that measures one's own ability is as the support of shearing force measurement device on the conventional direct shear apparatus.Normal stress applies through the right cylinder end face that loads top cap H raising during test; The right cylinder end face is the semisphere of depression; The bottom that loads top cap H is a rectangular structure; The length of rectangular parallelepiped is the free length of direct shear test box, and width is the span width of direct shear test box, highly is the discrepancy in elevation of force side upper side wall C and front side wall F.As shown in Figure 4, force side lower wall B links to each other through bolt with force application component J.The impeller-hub of shearing gearing on the conventional direct shear apparatus is supported on the force application component J, is used to apply shearing force.Described span width and free length are meant the internal diameter size of direct shear test box.
Compare with conventional direct shear test box; The distinguishing feature of novel direct shear test box provided by the invention is: the force side lower wall B of direct shear test box of the present invention, force side upper side wall C, the end lower wall of measuring one's own ability D, measure one's own ability end upper side wall E and front side wall F and rear wall G all are independent dismountable; Be connected to each other through bolt; Therefore in sample making course, can assemble, some side and the end face of this direct shear test box are opened according to different demands.
For the angle ψ that makes shear surface and depositional plane certain sample at any angle between 0 °～180 °, in the specimen preparation stage, need a specimen preparation outer container 1 in addition, as shown in Figure 5.Two diaphragm plate K that can move are arbitrarily arranged in the outer container 1; Novel direct shear test box after the assembling is tilted to put between two diaphragm plate K; Be connected the fixing diaphragm plate K of long screw L between outer container 1 and the diaphragm plate K through adjustment, can the direct shear test box be fixed to arbitrarily angled.
Use the direct shear test box that above-mentioned assembling obtains and carry out direct shear test, concrete process of the test is following:
The first step: according to the angle ψ of required shear surface and depositional plane, assemble novel direct shear test box, the novel direct shear test box that assembles is tilted to put between two diaphragm plate K of outer container 1, and fix with long screw L.Adopt " aerial sand rain method " that particulate material is sprinkled in the direct shear test box, covered certain depth by particulate material until the direct shear test box.
If conventional direct shear test is promptly carried out, assembling staight scissors box then as shown in Figure 2 in ψ=0 °/180 °.
If required ψ between 0 °～90 °, then assembles base A, the end lower wall of measuring one's own ability D, measure one's own ability end upper side wall E, front side wall F and rear wall G, and to make the angle of inclination of direct shear test box in outer container 1 after the assembling be ψ, shown in Fig. 6 (a).
If ψ is between 90 °～180 °, then assemble base A, force side lower wall B, force side upper side wall C, front side wall F and rear wall G, and to make the angle of inclination of the direct shear test box after the assembling be 180 °-ψ, shown in Fig. 6 (b).
ψ only is that the assembling of first step direct shear test box is different between 0 °～90 ° and between 90 °～180 °, and following step is identical, and therefore following process of the test will be the example explanation between 0 °～90 ° with ψ.
Second step: shown in Fig. 6 (c), specimen preparation outer container 1 is rotated counterclockwise the ψ angle, makes the bottom surface level of the base A of direct shear test box.The particulate material that the direct shear test box top is exceeded front side wall F and rear wall G is wiped off, and interim cover plate 2 is installed, and utilizes bolt that interim cover plate 2 is linked to each other with rear wall G with front side wall F.After connecting interim cover plate 2, the outer rim of interim cover plate 2 flushes with the end upper side wall E outer rim of measuring one's own ability.
The 3rd step: shown in Fig. 6 (d), the outer container 1 in second step is returned to the state of the first step again, the 90 °-ψ that turns clockwise then, the base A that makes the direct shear test box vertically, the end lower wall of measuring one's own ability D, the end upper side wall E level of measuring one's own ability.
The 4th step: shown in Fig. 6 (e), the direct shear test box is taken out from outer container 1, the particulate material that will exceed opening sidewalls is wipeed off, and with bolt force side lower wall B, force side upper side wall C is assembled.
The 5th step: shown in Fig. 6 (f),, make the base A level of shear box, interim cover plate 2 at end face with direct shear test box replaced again.
The 6th step: shown in Fig. 6 (g), interim cover plate 2 is removed, installed and load top cap H.
The 7th step: the staight scissors box that the 6th step sample preparation is accomplished is put into conventional direct shear apparatus, can carry out direct shear test by the operation of conventional direct shear test.This moment, direct shear test resulting intensity was shear surface and depositional plane corresponding shearing strength when being the ψ angle.
Described conventional direct shear apparatus is selected for use and is the electronic grade of EDJ-1 type strain direct shear apparatus model.
Claims (6)
1. measure the test unit of shearing strength characteristic on the different shear surfaces; It is characterized in that: described test unit is the direct shear test box; This direct shear test box mainly is made up of base (A), force side lower wall (B), force side upper side wall (C), the end lower wall (D) of measuring one's own ability, measure one's own ability end upper side wall (E), front side wall (F) and rear wall (G); Base A has base front side wall and base rear wall; The force side lower wall (B) and the end lower wall (D) of measuring one's own ability are connected the left and right sides of the base front side wall and the base rear wall of base (A) through bolt; And it is identical with base rear wall height with the base front side wall to connect the back, and like this, base (A), force side lower wall (B) and the end lower wall (D) of measuring one's own ability are connected the back and form box down; The upper surface of described base front side wall and base rear wall bolt respectively is connected front side wall (F) and rear wall (G); Simultaneously; The both sides end face of described front side wall (F) and rear wall (G) is connected with the inside surface of force side upper side wall (C) with the end upper side wall (E) of measuring one's own ability through bolt respectively; Like this, described force side upper side wall (C), measure one's own ability end upper side wall (E), front side wall (F) and rear wall (G) have just been formed the last box of direct shear test box, become the direct shear test box after described box down and the assembling of last box.
2. the test unit of shearing strength characteristic on the different shear surfaces of mensuration according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: described force side upper side wall (C), the end lower wall (D) of measuring one's own ability, measure one's own ability end upper side wall (E), front side wall (F) and rear wall (G) are the rectangular parallelepiped list structure; Base (A) is for having the U type base arrangement of base front side wall and base rear wall, and force side lower wall (B) is a L type strip structure.
3. the test unit of shearing strength characteristic on the different shear surfaces of mensuration according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: after the described direct shear test box assembling; Measure one's own ability and hold lower wall (D), measure one's own ability and hold the outer lateral section of upper side wall (E) and base (A) to align; The width of force side lower wall (B) upper surface is greater than the width of force side upper side wall (C), and is as shown in Figure 2, and the upper level of the force side upper side wall (C) and the end upper side wall E that measures one's own ability is greater than the upper level of front side wall (F) and rear wall (G).
4. the test unit of shearing strength characteristic on the different shear surfaces of mensuration according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: during test; Measure one's own ability and hold the outside of upper side wall (E) to be connected with the member of measuring one's own ability (I) through two bolts, force side lower wall (B) outside links to each other through bolt with force application component (J).
5. measure the test method of shearing strength characteristic on the different shear surfaces, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
The first step: according to the angle ψ of required shear surface and depositional plane, assembling direct shear test box tilts to put between two diaphragm plates (K) of outer container with the direct shear test box that assembles, and fixing with long screw (L); Then particulate material is sprinkled in the direct shear test box, is covered by particulate material until the direct shear test box;
Second step: outer container is rotated counterclockwise the ψ angle, makes the bottom surface level of the base (A) of direct shear test box; The particulate material that the direct shear test box top is exceeded front side wall (F) and rear wall (G) is wiped off, and interim cover plate is installed, and utilizes bolt that interim cover plate is linked to each other with rear wall (G) with front side wall (F);
The 3rd step: the outer container in second step is returned to the state of the first step again, the 90 °-ψ that turns clockwise then, the base (A) that makes the direct shear test box vertically, the end lower wall (D) of measuring one's own ability, end upper side wall (E) level of measuring one's own ability;
The 4th step: the direct shear test box is taken out from outer container, and the particulate material that will exceed opening sidewalls is wipeed off, and with bolt force side lower wall (B), force side upper side wall (C) is assembled;
The 5th step:, make bottom surface seat (A) level of shear box, interim cover plate at end face with direct shear test box replaced again;
The 6th step: interim cover plate is removed, installed and load top cap (H);
The 7th step: the staight scissors box that the 6th step sample preparation is accomplished is put into conventional direct shear apparatus, carry out direct shear test by the operation of conventional direct shear test.
6. the test method of shearing strength characteristic is characterized in that on the different shear surfaces of mensuration according to claim 5, and the assembling of staight scissors box is meant in the first step:
If conventional direct shear test is promptly carried out, then according to the said assembling staight scissors of claim 1 box in ψ=0 °/180 °;
If required ψ between 0 °～90 °, then assembles base (A), the end lower wall (D) of measuring one's own ability, measure one's own ability end upper side wall (E) and front side wall (F) and rear wall (G), and to make the angle of inclination of direct shear test box in outer container after the assembling be ψ;
If ψ is between 90 °～180 °, then assemble base (A), force side lower wall (B), force side upper side wall (C) and forward and backward sidewall (F) and (G), and to make the angle of inclination of the direct shear test box after the assembling be 180 °-ψ.
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| CN104897464A (en) * | 2015-05-06 | 2015-09-09 | 同济大学 | Consolidation apparatus for measuring static earth pressure coefficient and small strain shear modulus |
| CN105699213A (en) * | 2016-04-07 | 2016-06-22 | 四川大学 | Rock test piece for rock pure-shearing testing and pure-shearing testing method based on same |
| CN105865942A (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2016-08-17 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | Shearing box of rock mass structure face shearing performance test system |
| CN106932283A (en) * | 2017-04-25 | 2017-07-07 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | A kind of research structure interviews the anisotropic direct shear apparatus fixing device of sample and its method |
| CN108984961A (en) * | 2018-08-15 | 2018-12-11 | 江南大学 | Shear Strength Calculation method of the dust collector box body column under lateral load effect |
| CN111982708A (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2020-11-24 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | Shearing box for simulating movement characteristics of movable fault |
| CN112748023A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-05-04 | 广西科技大学 | Geosynthetic material temperature control oblique shear test device and test method |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104897464A (en) * | 2015-05-06 | 2015-09-09 | 同济大学 | Consolidation apparatus for measuring static earth pressure coefficient and small strain shear modulus |
| CN104897464B (en) * | 2015-05-06 | 2018-07-06 | 同济大学 | A kind of consolidation apparatus for measuring coefficient of static earth pressure and small-strain shear modulus |
| CN105699213A (en) * | 2016-04-07 | 2016-06-22 | 四川大学 | Rock test piece for rock pure-shearing testing and pure-shearing testing method based on same |
| CN105865942A (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2016-08-17 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | Shearing box of rock mass structure face shearing performance test system |
| CN105865942B (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2018-05-25 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | A kind of shear box of rock mass discontinuity shearing performance test system |
| CN106932283A (en) * | 2017-04-25 | 2017-07-07 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | A kind of research structure interviews the anisotropic direct shear apparatus fixing device of sample and its method |
| CN108984961A (en) * | 2018-08-15 | 2018-12-11 | 江南大学 | Shear Strength Calculation method of the dust collector box body column under lateral load effect |
| CN111982708A (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2020-11-24 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | Shearing box for simulating movement characteristics of movable fault |
| CN112748023A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-05-04 | 广西科技大学 | Geosynthetic material temperature control oblique shear test device and test method |
| CN112748023B (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2023-10-31 | 广西科技大学 | Geosynthetic material temperature control oblique shear test device and test method |
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|---|---|
| CN102435509B (en) | 2013-04-03 |
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