CN102434343A - Oxygen-enriched combustion method of lignite methyl alcohol coal slurry fuel material in compression-type internal combustion engine - Google Patents
Oxygen-enriched combustion method of lignite methyl alcohol coal slurry fuel material in compression-type internal combustion engine Download PDFInfo
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- CN102434343A CN102434343A CN2011102954877A CN201110295487A CN102434343A CN 102434343 A CN102434343 A CN 102434343A CN 2011102954877 A CN2011102954877 A CN 2011102954877A CN 201110295487 A CN201110295487 A CN 201110295487A CN 102434343 A CN102434343 A CN 102434343A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an oxygen-enriched combustion method of a lignite methyl alcohol coal slurry fuel material in a compression-type internal combustion engine. The problem of difficulty in ignition of the traditional water coal slurry in the internal combustion engine is solved by utilizing the methyl alcohol coal slurry and oxygen-enriched combustion technology; and zero carbon emission of the whole system is realized through collecting CO2 generated by tail gas, and the pollution to environment is eliminated. The method provided by the invention adopts the following technical scheme which comprises the following steps of: taking ultra-fine ultra-clean ignite methyl alcohol coal slurry as a fuel material; taking pure oxygen and CO2 mixed gas with high concentration in recycled tail gas as a combustion-supporting gas; and carrying out enriched-oxygen combustion in the compression-type internal combustion engine, and generating a driving force by the compression-type internal combustion engine. Combustion is carried out by adopting pure oxygen and the recycled CO2 in the tail gas of the internal combustion engine as the combustion-supporting gas, the formation of NOX in the tail gas is reduced effectively, the concentration of CO2 in the tail gas is improved, the tail gas treatment expense is reduced, and the treated tail gas is easy to compress and store. The combustion method is suitable for a distribution-type power generation system and a large ship motive power system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the combustion method of brown coal fuel, the method for especially a kind of brown coal methyl alcohol coal slurry fuel oxygen-enriched combusting in compression-type IC engine.
Technical background
Ultra-fine coal slurry can replace light diesel to be applied to the existing institute of internal-combustion engine and gas turbine studying, and the generation of wherein ultra-fine ultra clean methyl alcohol coal slurry, oily scope was far longer than Coal Slurry, had the characteristic of saving fuel oil again with respect to coal.Methanol feedstock source very extensively, the methyl alcohol coal slurry that utilizes methyl alcohol and dry brown coal to be prepared into can suppress the character that brown coal absorb water again, so brown coal are prepared into the methyl alcohol coal slurry use and have bigger advantage.
At present; The coal slurry fuel that countries in the world are developed mainly contains coal, water coal slurry, oil coal water mixture and methyl alcohol coal slurry, and the methyl alcohol coal slurry was at first accomplished basic research work by Mitsui group in 1984, it is reported that its R&D work only limits to the pilot scale stage; The methyl alcohol coal slurry granularity of this research institute's preparation is below 1500 μ m; Viscosity is at 50-1000cps, and burning-out rate is higher, but the methyl alcohol coal slurry is not applied to compression-type IC engine as yet.
The tradition coal slurry fuel is applied to burn as combustion-supporting gas with air or oxygen-rich gas as the combustion technology for oil fuel in the mechanism of qi.Consult patent documentation; Chinese patent publication number CN 101070956A; Name is called in " a kind of combustion method of water coal slurry and fuel-burning equipment thereof " disclosed content; The water coal slurry of atomizing is sprayed into the firing chamber suspension combustion, and combustion flame is forming high-temperature flue gas in the process of flowing forward gradually, makes combustion-supporting air in burner hearth, form the combustion-supporting aerodynamic field that suspends.This method as combustion-supporting gas, is utilized the burning-out rate that the transformation of fuel-burning equipment is improved water coal slurry with air, is the NO that combustion-supporting gas produces because contain a large amount of in this method in the tail gas of mechanism of qi burning by air
XSo, can pollute environment.Chinese patent publication number CN100390462C; Name is called " Large space burning method of water coal slurry and its special device "; For solve uses when water coal slurry is not used auxiliary thermal source in the existing technology air as combustion improver low temperature time can not normal combustion problem; Adopting oxygen-enriched air is that combustion improver is realized large space burning to improve the burning-out rate of water coal slurry, and this kind method exists equally and contains NO in the tail gas
XThe problem that environment is polluted.Simultaneously above two kinds of methods are all failed the CO that produces in the mechanism of qi tail gas
2Obtain utilizing and realize zero carbon emission.
When using ultra-fine ultra clean water coal slurry conduct in the internal-combustion engine,, cause ultra-fine ultra clean water coal slurry can not replace diesel oil completely because the igniting of common ultra-fine ultra clean water coal slurry is relatively more difficult for oil fuel.The smooth and prosperous company of the U.S. utilizes water coal slurry in internal-combustion engine, to burn; Also being only limited to water coal slurry partly replaces diesel oil to burn; Need the additional combustion system that water coal slurry is ignited, this method causes the mechanical technology of internal-combustion engine complicated, controls the comparison difficulty; Structural change to traditional combustion engine simultaneously is bigger, is difficult to drop into commercial Application.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides the method for a kind of brown coal methyl alcohol coal slurry fuel oxygen-enriched combusting in compression-type IC engine.Utilize the inflammable characteristics of the high reaction activity and the methyl alcohol of brown coal; Being prepared into ultra-fine ultra clean brown coal methyl alcohol coal slurry is for oil and for coal water slurry fuel; And utilize methyl alcohol coal slurry and oxygen-enriched combustion technology to solve traditional coal-water-slurry and in internal-combustion engine, light a fire than the problem of difficulty, through the CO that tail gas is produced
2Capture, realize total system zero carbon emission, eliminated pollution environment.
The technological scheme that the present invention adopts is: adopting ultra-fine ultra clean brown coal methyl alcohol coal slurry is fuel, with the CO of pure oxygen and recirculation tail gas middle and high concentration
2Mixed gas is a combustion-supporting gas, in compression-type IC engine, carries out oxygen-enriched combusting, produces driving force by compression internal combustion engine and uses.The high concentration CO that exhaust gases of internal combustion engines produces
2A part of circulation mixes as combustion-supporting gas with pure oxygen and utilizes, and remaining part captures and seals up for safekeeping.
Clean brown coal methyl alcohol coal slurry fuel provided by the invention method of oxygen-enriched combusting in compression-type IC engine comprises following content:
One. the preparation of brown coal methyl alcohol coal slurry
At first the former coal utilization disintegrator of brown coal is roughly ground and sieved, select the coal dust below the 0.5mm of corase grind back to carry out physics and chemical deliming, ash content is below 1.0% of quality of pc; Coal dust behind the deliming carries out drying in the superheated vapour fluidized bed dryer under 0.1-2bar, 100-250 ℃ condition, being dried to moisture content is below 1% of quality of pc; Utilize high energy ball mill to carry out ultra-fine mill then, coal powder size is below the 10 μ m behind the ultra-fine mill; Under 270-350 ℃, 1-5bar condition, utilize coal tar pitch or tar that it is carried out surface-coated through the coal dust behind the ultra-fine mill, the coal tar pitch that is added or the ratio of tar are the 2-7% of quality of pc; The water that adds the 10-15% of quality of pc in the coal dust after the coating mixes, and stirs 3-5min; The 20-35% industrial methanol that adds quality of pc stirs 3-5min; Add surface active agent and stabilizer and continue to be stirred to and mix, the consumption of surface active agent and stabilizer is the 0.2-3% of institute's coal opaque amount.The brown coal methyl alcohol coal slurry total moisture content for preparing is below 18% of total coal slurry quality, and the quality of coal dust is the 50-60% of total coal slurry quality.At shearing rate is 100S
-1The time its viscosity at 50-1000cPas, leave standstill and do not produce irrecoverable property in two months and precipitate firmly, the burning-out rate in diesel engine is more than 99%, calorific value is 21-25MJ/Kg.
Two. oxygen-enriched burning device in the compression-type IC engine
Oxygen-enriched burning device comprises in the compression-type IC engine: air separation machine, pure oxygen knock out drum, compressor, injection nozzle for internal combustion engines, combustion chambers of internal combustion engines, cylinder and piston, exhaust treatment system, CO
2Capture and seal up for safekeeping system, recirculation CO
2Pipeline is connected on the pipeline between oxygen knock out drum and the compressor.
Three. brown coal methyl alcohol coal slurry fuel oxygen-enriched combusting mode in compression-type IC engine
The brown coal methyl alcohol coal slurry for preparing gets into compression type entering internal-combustion engine through injection nozzle for internal combustion engines and carries out oxygen-enriched combusting; Combustion manner is compression-ignited; The injection starting pressure of injection nozzle for internal combustion engines is 14-18MPa; Jet expansion speed is 200-300m/s, and nozzle material adopts cermet lining, and nozzle arrangements is a three-channel nozzle.Pure oxygen and exhaust gas recirculation high concentration CO by the air separation machine generation
2The combustion-supporting gas of brown coal methyl alcohol coal slurry is provided, and wherein the ratio of pure oxygen is the 50-80% (V/V) of total volume, and the supply that requires oxygen is the 125-145% (V/V) of brown coal methyl alcohol coal slurry perfect combustion theoretical amount, and following reaction mainly takes place the burning in internal-combustion engine:
C(s)+O
2(g)→CO
2(g) (1)
CO
2(g)+H
2O(g)→CO(g)+H
2(g) (2)
H
2(g)+O
2(g)→H
2O(g) (3)
C(s)+CO
2(g)→CO(g) (4)
CO(g)+O
2(g)→CO
2(g) (5)
CH
3OH(I)+O
2(g)→CO
2(g)+H
2O(g) (6)
Wherein the sulphur in the coal dust mainly is converted into SO
X, the nitrogen in the coal dust mainly is converted into NO
X, exist with dust form behind the grey divided combustion.These pollutants are handled in exhaust treatment system.
Mainly contain a large amount of CO in the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines behind oxygen-enriched combusting
2And a spot of dust, SO
X, NO
X, tail gas at first removes SO through conventional exhaust gases of internal combustion engines desulfurization denitrification agent
XAnd NO
X, carry out dedusting through cloth bag afterwards, contain the CO of 90-95% in the tail gas after the processing
2, the CO of 20-50% wherein
2Circulation mixes the combustion-supporting gas that the burning of brown coal methyl alcohol coal slurry is provided with pure oxygen, remaining part captures and seals up for safekeeping, the zero-emission of whole circulation plant process tail gas.
The present invention and similar compared with techniques, its significant beneficial effect is embodied in:
Brown coal methyl alcohol coal slurry burns in compression-type IC engine, adopts oxygen-enriched combustion technology, has improved the burning-out rate of coal dust.Oxygen-enriched combusting makes that brown coal methyl alcohol coal slurry is lighted easily in compression-type IC engine, adopt the compression-ignited mode of igniting, and makes ultra-fine ultra clean brown coal methyl alcohol coal slurry in internal-combustion engine, substitute diesel oil fully and burns.Exhaust gases of internal combustion engines is through removing dust, SO
XAnd NO
XAfter, the CO of rest high concentration
2, the CO of high concentration
2Part is recycled with pure oxygen gas mixes as combustion-supporting gas, and the remaining part compressing storing has realized tail gas zero carbon emission system.This invention is less to the change of traditional oil-burning internal combustion engine, only needs to improve the withstand voltage wear-resisting property of internal-combustion engine, simultaneously pure oxygen and exhaust gases of internal combustion engines recirculation high concentration CO
2For burning, combustion-supporting gas effectively reduces NO in the tail gas
XFormation, improved CO in the tail gas
2Concentration, reduced the vent gas treatment expense, and the tail gas after make handling is easy to compressing storing.This combustion method is applicable to industrial district, residential quarter, farm, market, outlying small towns distributed generation system, and the large ship power system etc.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the method process flow diagram of brown coal methyl alcohol coal slurry fuel oxygen-enriched combusting in compression-type IC engine.
Embodiment
Specifically describe the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing with embodiment, but particular content does not limit protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, utilize area, Xilin Hot, inner mongolia brown coal, its technical analysis composition is: moisture 39%, volatile constituent 40%, ash content 4.0%, full sulphur 0.3%, 3800 kilocalories/kilogram of calorific values.The former coal utilization disintegrator of brown coal is roughly ground and sieved, select the coal dust below the 0.5mm of corase grind back to adopt floatation to carry out the physics deliming, obtaining ash content is the ultralow grey brown coal of quality of pc 0.8%.Utilizing production capacity is that the water vapour fluidized bed drying of per hour 10 tons of evaporated quantity of waters removes the moisture in the brown coal, makes the moisture content in the brown coal reduce to below 1% of quality of pc.Utilizing the high energy ball mill of inflated with nitrogen to be milled to coal powder size is below the 10 μ m; Blast in fluidized bed drying process in order to prevent microfine coal; Earlier the rough coal powder is carried out drying and carry out ultra-fine mill again; In order to prevent that the brown coal coal dust from the process of ultra-fine mill oxidation taking place, charge into nitrogen in the ultra-fine mill process; Utilize coal tar pitch under 300 ℃, 1.0bar, dried brown coal coal dust carried out surface-coated with 4.5% of institute's coal opaque amount; Coal dust after the coating at first adds entry and mixes, and addition is 15% of institute's coal opaque amount, mixing time 5min; Add industrial methanol, addition is 35% of an ature of coal amount, mixing time 5min; Add the surface active agent naphthalene sulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensation product, addition is 1.5% of a quality of pc, adds the stabilizer polyacrylic amide; Addition is 0.3% of a quality of pc, continues to be stirred to mix, and processes brown coal methyl alcohol coal slurry.The brown coal methyl alcohol coal slurry calorific value for preparing is 21-25MJ/Kg, and total moisture content is 16% of total coal slurry quality, and coal dust content is 55% of total coal slurry quality, and requiring at shearing rate is 100S
-1The time its viscosity at 50-1000cPas, leave standstill and do not produce irrecoverable property in two months and precipitate firmly.
The brown coal methyl alcohol coal slurry for preparing gets into large-scale diesel engine through injection nozzle for internal combustion engines and carries out oxygen-enriched combusting; Combustion manner is compression-ignited; The injection starting pressure of the nozzle of internal-combustion engine is 14-18MPa; Jet expansion speed is 200-300m/s, and nozzle material adopts cermet lining, and nozzle arrangements is a three-channel nozzle.Air gets into air separation machine, and the purity oxygen of generation gets into the oxygen knock out drum, by the pure oxygen of air separation machine generation and the CO of exhaust gas recirculation high concentration
2The combustion-supporting gas of brown coal methyl alcohol coal slurry is provided, and wherein the ratio of pure oxygen is 60% (V/V) of total volume, and the supply of oxygen is 135% (V/V) of brown coal methyl alcohol coal slurry perfect combustion theoretical amount.Contain CO in the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines behind oxygen-enriched combusting
2And dust, SO
X, NO
X, tail gas at first removes SO through conventional exhaust gases of internal combustion engines desulfurization denitrification agent
XAnd NO
X, carrying out dedusting through cloth bag afterwards, the tail gas after the processing contains 90-95% (V/V) concentration C O
2, the CO of 20-50% (V/V) wherein
2Circulation mixes the combustion-supporting gas that the burning of brown coal methyl alcohol coal slurry is provided with pure oxygen, remaining part captures and seals up for safekeeping, and the whole circulation plant process realizes the zero-emission of tail gas.
Utilize large-scale diesel engine to carry out the oxygen-enriched combusting generating.Content of sulfur dioxide and amount of nitrogen oxides are lower than the power plant emission standard of national regulation in the tail gas.The generating scale is 50MW, supplies the residential quarter electricity consumption of 2000 family scales or supplies the farm electricity consumption.
Embodiment 2
As shown in Figure 1, homemade brown coal in the employing, its technical analysis composition is: moisture 35-39%, volatile constituent 38-40%, ash content 3.5-4.0%, full sulphur is less than 0.3%, and calorific value is greater than 3500 kilocalories/kilogram.The former coal utilization disintegrator of brown coal is roughly ground and sieved, select the coal dust below the 0.5mm of corase grind back to adopt floatation to carry out the physics deliming, obtain 0.8% the ultralow grey brown coal of ash content less than quality of pc.Utilize the water vapour fluidized bed drying to remove the moisture in the brown coal, make the moisture content in the brown coal reduce to below 1% of quality of pc.Utilizing the high energy ball mill of inflated with nitrogen to be milled to coal powder size is below the 10 μ m; Blast in fluidized bed drying process in order to prevent microfine coal; Earlier the rough coal powder is carried out drying and carry out ultra-fine mill again; In order to prevent that the brown coal coal dust from the process of ultra-fine mill oxidation taking place, charge into nitrogen in the ultra-fine mill process; Utilize coal tar pitch under 300 ℃, 1.0bar, dried brown coal coal dust is carried out surface-coated with the 2-7% of institute's coal opaque amount; Coal dust after the coating at first adds entry and mixes, and addition is the 10-15% of institute's coal opaque amount, mixing time 3-5min; Add industrial methanol, addition is the 20-35% of quality of pc, mixing time 3-5min; Add the surface active agent naphthalene sulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensation product, addition is the 1.0-1.5% of quality of pc, adds the stabilizer polyacrylic amide; Addition is 0.3% of a quality of pc, continues to be stirred to mix, and processes brown coal methyl alcohol coal slurry.The brown coal methyl alcohol coal slurry calorific value for preparing is 21-25MJ/Kg, and total moisture content is below 16% of total coal slurry quality, and coal dust content is the 55-60% of total coal slurry quality, and requiring at shearing rate is 100S
-1The time its viscosity at 50-1000cPas, leave standstill and do not produce irrecoverable property in two months and precipitate firmly.
The brown coal methyl alcohol coal slurry for preparing is sprayed into by the large combustion machine nozzle that diesel engine carries out oxygen-enriched combusting among the 300KW peculiar to vessel; Combustion manner is compression-ignited; The injection starting pressure of the nozzle of internal-combustion engine is 14-18MPa; Jet expansion speed is 200-300m/s, and nozzle material adopts cermet lining, and nozzle arrangements is a three-channel nozzle.By the pure oxygen of air separation machine generation and the CO of exhaust gas recirculation high concentration
2The combustion-supporting gas of brown coal methyl alcohol coal slurry is provided, and wherein the ratio of pure oxygen is the 60-70% (V/V) of total volume, and the supply of oxygen is the 125-145% (V/V) of brown coal methyl alcohol coal slurry perfect combustion theoretical amount.Contain CO in the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines behind oxygen-enriched combusting
2And dust, SO
X, NO
X, tail gas at first removes SO through conventional exhaust gases of internal combustion engines desulfurization denitrification agent
XAnd NO
X, carry out dedusting through cloth bag afterwards, contain the CO of 90-95% (V/V) concentration in the tail gas after the processing
2, the CO of 20-50% (V/V) wherein
2Circulation mixes the combustion-supporting gas that the burning of brown coal methyl alcohol coal slurry is provided with pure oxygen, remaining part captures and seals up for safekeeping, and the whole circulation plant process realizes the zero-emission of tail gas.
Diesel engine is that the boats and ships of 1500-2000 tonnage provide power among the 300KW peculiar to vessel.
Claims (4)
1. the method for clean brown coal methyl alcohol coal slurry fuel oxygen-enriched combusting in compression-type IC engine is characterized in that this method comprises following content:
One. the preparation of brown coal methyl alcohol coal slurry
At first the former coal utilization disintegrator of brown coal is roughly ground and sieved, select the coal dust below the 0.5mm of corase grind back to carry out physics and chemical deliming, ash content is below 1.0% of quality of pc; Coal dust behind the deliming carries out drying in the superheated vapour fluidized bed dryer under 0.1-2bar, 100-250 ℃ condition, being dried to moisture content is below 1% of quality of pc; Utilize high energy ball mill to carry out ultra-fine mill then, coal powder size is below the 10 μ m behind the ultra-fine mill; Under 270-350 ℃, 1-5bar condition, utilize coal tar pitch or tar that it is carried out surface-coated through the coal dust behind the ultra-fine mill, the coal tar pitch that is added or the ratio of tar are the 2-7% of quality of pc; The water that adds quality of pc 10-15% in the coal dust after the coating mixes, and stirs 3-5min; The industrial methanol that adds quality of pc 20-35% stirs 3-5min; The surface active agent and the stabilizer that add quality of pc 0.2-3% continue to be stirred to and mix, and the brown coal methyl alcohol coal slurry total moisture content for preparing is below 18% of total coal slurry quality, and the quality of coal dust is the 50-60% of total coal slurry quality, is 100S at shearing rate
-1The time its viscosity at 50-1000cPas, leave standstill and do not produce irrecoverable property in two months and precipitate firmly, the burning-out rate in diesel engine is more than 99%, calorific value is 21-25MJ/Kg;
Two. oxygen-enriched burning device in the compression-type IC engine
Oxygen-enriched burning device comprises in the compression-type IC engine: air separation machine, pure oxygen knock out drum, compressor, injection nozzle for internal combustion engines, combustion chambers of internal combustion engines, cylinder and piston, exhaust treatment system, CO
2Capture and seal up for safekeeping system, recirculation CO
2Pipeline is connected on the pipeline between pure oxygen knock out drum and the compressor;
Three. brown coal methyl alcohol coal slurry fuel oxygen-enriched combusting mode in compression-type IC engine
The brown coal methyl alcohol coal slurry for preparing gets into compression-type IC engine through injection nozzle for internal combustion engines and carries out oxygen-enriched combusting, and combustion manner is compression-ignited, and the injection starting pressure of the nozzle of internal-combustion engine is 14-18MPa, and jet expansion speed is 200-300m/s.By the pure oxygen of air separation machine generation and the CO of exhaust gas recirculation
2The combustion-supporting gas of brown coal methyl alcohol coal slurry is provided, and the supply of oxygen is the 125-145% (V/V) of brown coal methyl alcohol coal slurry perfect combustion theoretical amount, contains CO in the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines behind oxygen-enriched combusting
2And dust, SO
X, NO
X, tail gas at first removes SO through conventional exhaust gases of internal combustion engines desulfurization denitrification agent
XAnd NO
X, carry out dedusting through cloth bag afterwards, contain the CO of 90-95% (V/V) in the tail gas after the processing
2, the CO of 20-50% (V/V) wherein
2Circulation mixes the combustion-supporting gas that the burning of brown coal methyl alcohol coal slurry is provided with pure oxygen, remaining part captures and seals up for safekeeping, the zero-emission of whole circulation plant process tail gas.
2. the method for clean brown coal methyl alcohol coal slurry fuel according to claim 1 oxygen-enriched combusting in compression-type IC engine is characterized in that the surface active agent that the preparation of brown coal methyl alcohol coal slurry adds is a naphthalene sulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensation product; The stabilizer that adds is a polyacrylic amide.
3. the method for clean brown coal methyl alcohol coal slurry fuel according to claim 1 oxygen-enriched combusting in compression-type IC engine is characterized in that charging into nitrogen in the ultra-fine mill process of brown coal methyl alcohol coal slurry preparation.
4. the method for clean brown coal methyl alcohol coal slurry fuel according to claim 1 oxygen-enriched combusting in compression-type IC engine is characterized in that said injection nozzle for internal combustion engines material adopts cermet lining, and nozzle arrangements is a three-channel nozzle.
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