CN102429131B - Feed for specific pathogen-free (SPF) chicken in growing period and preparation method for feed - Google Patents
Feed for specific pathogen-free (SPF) chicken in growing period and preparation method for feed Download PDFInfo
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- CN102429131B CN102429131B CN2011104330435A CN201110433043A CN102429131B CN 102429131 B CN102429131 B CN 102429131B CN 2011104330435 A CN2011104330435 A CN 2011104330435A CN 201110433043 A CN201110433043 A CN 201110433043A CN 102429131 B CN102429131 B CN 102429131B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a feed for specific pathogen-free (SPF) chicken in the growing period and a preparation method for the feed. The feed is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in part by weight: 570 to 590 parts of corn flour, 190 to 210 parts of bean pulp, 150 to 170 parts of wheat bran, 15 to 24 parts of fish meal, 0.5 to 1.5 parts of lysine with the purity of 98 percent, 1 to 2 parts of methionine with the purity of 98 percent, 5 to 15 parts of mountain flour, 10 to 20 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 2 to 3 parts of table salt and 10 parts of premix. Compared with the traditional sterilization method, the invention has the advantages that: a Co60 radiation source is adopted for sterilization, and a radiation dose rate and radiation time are strictly limited. The feed for the SPF chicken, which is sterilized by the Co60 radiation source, has small loss of nutritional components, is well sterilized and low in cost, and is suitable for industrial production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of chicken feed and preparation method thereof, particularly a kind of feed for SPF kind chicken finishing period and preparation method thereof belongs to field of feed processing.
Background technology
The whole world has millions of agri-scientific researches and Technique Popularizing personnel to be engaged in to make research and the production in the required SPF egg of animal vaccine source, can't find reasonable effective technology to stop SPF chicken group support to grow the predicament that unsuccessfully occurs but face.
Producing the conventional method for breeding of SPF kind egg employing cannot; we know; the cultivation of SPF chicken needs specific room; equipment and feed; the several special processing before feeding of SPF chicken feed are processed; purpose is exactly the special pathogen of killing in the SPF chicken feed; and then be transported to SPF chicken breeding house by specific channel; SPF chicken not only; comprise all apparatus and poultry raiser etc.; all can not bring any special pathogen into SPF chicken breeding house; the purpose of all these loaded down with trivial details links only has one to be exactly the high-quality and safety that obtains to make international endorsement; do not carry the animal vaccine product of specific pathogen microorganism; then; according to antibody test level and immunology principle in the animal body; and the vaccine characteristic is within the rational time; according to rational vaccine using method; dosage carries out immunity to animal targetedly; and the quality of vaccine is particularly important; the raw material one SPF egg quality of making the vaccine use is more crucial; domestic when paying close attention to the animal vaccine quality; more pay close attention to nutrition and the processing technology of SPF chicken feed; determine that particularly SPF chicken group support grows the process of killing and the technique of specific pathogen microorganism in the feed that success or failure play a crucial role; our country puts into effect separately Policy Conditions for this reason; make the international SPF egg of the essential use of egg of biovaccine; this also is at first one of key technology points in line with international standards of China's biovaccine goods; when the animal vaccine of only in this way producing can really reach the specific aim immunity; be unlikely to other specific pathogen microorganisms are taken in the animal vaccine; to such an extent as to cause in this zoonotic while of immunity; spread the specific pathogen microorganism of carrying because of vaccine; cause propagation and the diffusion of other infectious diseases, the healthy and happy life of happiness with to protect mankind.
At present both at home and abroad the trend of research is to kill specific pathogen microorganism in the SPF chicken feed with efficient processing technology, in this processing procedure, avoid as much as possible destroying the nutritive index in the feed, particularly do not destroy as far as possible the protein in the feed, the composition of vitamin, but, this is a vision, way in the actual production is when the design feed formula, add excessive nutriment, the nutriment that particularly is easy to processed operation destruction in the processing processing procedure wants excess to add, to ensure that feed is easy to the nutritional need that destroyed nutriment can satisfy SPF chicken group in the pathogenic microbe killing process, bring into play as far as possible SPF chicken group's production performance;
Adopting in the world at present the more method of killing special pathogen employing in the SPF kind chicken feed is greatly the high-pressure water vapor sterilization, exactly the good finished feed of production is packaged with specific Polypropylence Sheet and package, pack in the high-pressure chamber, passing into water vapour makes it pressure and reaches 4.5 standard atmospheric pressures, temperature reaches more than 120 degrees centigrade, and maintenance mathematical models, sterilization time reached more than 45 minutes, then sampling detects under special circumstances, can use after guaranteeing not contain special pathogen in the feed, the method is time-consuming, effort, the waste resource, but also to need steam boiler and a large amount of fire coal of waste, coal also will produce the pollutants such as the waste gas such as a large amount of carbon dioxide and dust and pressure and the pollution very large to environment in combustion process, simultaneously, also cause a large amount of losses of nutriment when in utilizing the autoclaved process of water vapour, killing special pathogen, more trouble is and is to cause the increase of the humidity of feed and moisture and cause the shortening of feed storage time, even causes the growth of mould in the feed and the generation of mycotoxin at high temperature season.
The method that the present invention adopts is the Co that uses atomic energy
60Carry out irradiation, take certain irradiation dose and exposure time to kill the method for the special pathogen in the feed, the nutritive index of the feed that needs because of SPF kind chicken different life has a long way to go, feed formula and the feed raw material that need have a long way to go, so kill the needed atomic energy Co of special pathogen in the feed
60Irradiation dose and exposure time gap also very large, so the content and the conventional chicken feed of planting that are easy to the nutriments such as the multivitamin that loses and mineral trace element, protein, amino acid, energy in the feed in irradiation process have very large difference.
For this reason, the present invention designs the feed formula that the chicken of following suitable finishing period is used, the atomic energy Co that adopts according to us
60Irradiation dose and exposure time kill the SPF kind chicken of feeding behind the special pathogen in the feed and obtain better effects, produce the preparatory stage for opening of chicken and lay a good foundation.
Summary of the invention
The nutritional need of the SPF kind chicken of the present invention by analysis-by-synthesis finishing period (50-98 age in days) scientific and reasonable has made a kind of feed for SPF kind chicken finishing period.
A kind of feed for SPF kind chicken finishing period of the present invention, it is characterized in that being formed by each raw material of following weight portion: 570-590 part corn flour, 190-210 part dregs of beans, 150-170 part wheat bran, 15-24 part fish meal, 0.5-1.5 part content is 98% lysine, 1-2 part content is 98% methionine, 5-15 part stone flour, 10-20 part calcium monohydrogen phosphate, 2-3 part salt and 10 parts of premixes, wherein contain compound vitamin 20kg in the described premix per ton, grandidierite dimension 200kg, Choline Chloride 200kg, imported fish meal 400kg and 200 says zeolite powder 180kg, and described each raw material mixes rear sterilization and get final product.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, described feed is comprised of each raw material of following weight portion: 580 portions of corn flour, 200 parts of dregs of beans, 160 parts of wheat brans, 20 parts of fish meal, 1 part of content are that 98% lysine, 1.5 parts of content are 98% methionine, 10 parts of stone flours, 15 parts of calcium monohydrogen phosphates, 2.6 portions of salt and 10 parts of premixes, wherein contain compound vitamin 20kg, grandidierite dimension 200kg, Choline Chloride 200kg in the described premix per ton, imported fish meal 400kg and 200 says zeolite powder 180kg, sterilization and get final product after described each raw material mixes.
Wherein, preferred, described sterilization is to adopt Co
60Radiographic source irradiation sterilization, irradiation field calibrated error are less than ± 5%, and absorption of sample dosage unevenness is less than 1.2, and radiation dose rate is 25Gy/min, and exposure time is 60 hours.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, feed formula of the present invention and nutritive index are as shown in table 1:
Table 1 finishing period (50-98 age in days) feed formula and nutritive index
Wherein contain compound vitamin 20kg, grandidierite dimension 200kg, Choline Chloride 200kg in the described premix per ton, imported fish meal 400kg and 200 says zeolite powder 180kg.
The present invention also provides a kind of method for preparing described feed, it is characterized in that described each raw material is mixed according to above arbitrary described weight ratio, adopt nylon-polyethylene compound package material to pack every bag of 40KG, volume is 80cm*40cm*20cm, uses Co
60The radiographic source irradiation sterilization, the irradiation field calibrated error is less than ± 5%, absorption of sample dosage unevenness is less than 1.2, sample irradiation is during to a half-value dose, continue irradiation behind the turn-over of original place, radiation dose rate is 25Gy/min, exposure time 60 hours, to be stored in 20+5 ℃, relative humidity be the indoor of 40-70% to feed behind the irradiation, finishes using in three weeks.
Compared to prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1, feed formula is scientific and reasonable, has satisfied greatly the nutritional need of SPF kind chicken at finishing period, and the SPF kind adult livability that the SPF kind chicken of edible feed of the present invention is fed compared to normal diet is high, and feed conversion rate is high;
2, the present invention adopts atomic energy Co
60Feed is carried out irradiation sterilization, after three weeks, the special pathogen in the feed is detected, testing result is zero;
3, according to atomic energy Co of the present invention
60Irradiation dose and exposure time kill special pathogen in the feed, few to the content loss of the nutriments such as the multivitamin in the feed and mineral trace element, protein, amino acid, energy.
4, the present invention adopts atomic energy Co
60Feed is carried out irradiation sterilization, and simple to operate, convenient, the feed after the sterilization is stored easily, greatly reduces the cost of producing SPF kind chicken feed, can satisfy the demand of large-scale production SPF kind chicken feed.
The specific embodiment
Further describe the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment, advantage and disadvantage of the present invention will be more clear along with description.But these embodiment only are exemplary, scope of the present invention are not consisted of any restriction.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that lower without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention and can make amendment or replace the details of technical solution of the present invention and form, but these modifications and replacing all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Raw material: corn flour (is corn flour after 3 millimeters sieve is pulverized by diameter.), dregs of beans, wheat bran, fish meal, content be 98% methionine, content be 98% lysine, stone flour, calcium monohydrogen phosphate, salt and premix respectively available from the prosperous biotechnology Co., Ltd of herding in the Heilongjiang Province of herding research institute of Heilongjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences, premix composition per ton and content are as shown in table 2:
Table 2 premix composition per ton and content:
| 2 ‰ compound vitamins | 2% grandidierite dimension | 50% Choline Chloride | Imported fish meal | 200 say zeolite powder |
| 20kg | 200kg | 200kg | 400kg | 180kg |
Embodiment 1
Take by weighing respectively each raw material by weight portion of the present invention: 580kg corn flour, 200kg dregs of beans, 160kg wheat bran, 20kg fish meal, 1kg content are that 98% lysine, 1.5kg content are 98% methionine, 10kg stone flour, 15kg calcium monohydrogen phosphate, 2.6kg salt and 10kg premix, wherein contain compound vitamin 20g, grandidierite dimension 200g, Choline Chloride 200g, imported fish meal 400g and 200 in every kilogram of described premix and say zeolite powder 180g.
Each raw material pulverizing of above-mentioned weight is mixed, adopt nylon-polyethylene compound package material to pack, every bag of 40KG, volume are 80cm*40cm*20cm, use Co
60The radiographic source irradiation sterilization, the irradiation field calibrated error is less than ± 5%, absorption of sample dosage unevenness is less than 1.2, sample irradiation is during to a half-value dose, continue irradiation behind the turn-over of original place, radiation dose rate is 25Gy/min, exposure time 60 hours, behind the irradiation feed be stored in 20 ℃, relative humidity be 50% indoor, finish using in three weeks.
Embodiment 2
Take by weighing respectively each raw material by weight portion of the present invention: the content of 570kg corn flour, 210kg dregs of beans, 156.5kg wheat bran, 24kg fish meal, 1kg is that the content of 98% methionine, 1.5kg is 98% lysine, 15kg stone flour, 10kg calcium monohydrogen phosphate, 2kg salt and 10kg premix, wherein contains compound vitamin 20g, grandidierite dimension 200g, Choline Chloride 200g, imported fish meal 400g and 200 in every kilogram of described premix and says zeolite powder 180g.
Each raw material pulverizing of above-mentioned weight is mixed, adopt nylon-polyethylene compound package material to pack, every bag of 40KG, volume are 80cm*40cm*20cm, use Co
60The radiographic source irradiation sterilization, the irradiation field calibrated error is less than ± 5%, absorption of sample dosage unevenness is less than 1.2, sample irradiation is during to a half-value dose, continue irradiation behind the turn-over of original place, radiation dose rate is 25Gy/min, exposure time 60H, behind the irradiation feed be stored in 20 ℃, relative humidity be 40% indoor, finish using in three weeks.
Embodiment 3
Take by weighing respectively each raw material by weight portion of the present invention: the content of 590kg corn flour, 190kg dregs of beans, 175kg wheat bran, 15kg fish meal, 2kg is that the content of 98% methionine, 0.5kg is 98% lysine, 5kg stone flour, 10kg calcium monohydrogen phosphate, 3kg salt and 10kg premix, wherein contains compound vitamin 20g, grandidierite dimension 200g, Choline Chloride 200g, imported fish meal 400g and 200 in every kilogram of described premix and says zeolite powder 180g.
Each raw material pulverizing of above-mentioned weight is mixed, adopt nylon-polyethylene compound package material to pack, every bag of 40KG, volume are 80cm*40cm*20cm, use Co
60The radiographic source irradiation sterilization, the irradiation field calibrated error is less than ± 5%, absorption of sample dosage unevenness is less than 1.2, sample irradiation is during to a half-value dose, continue irradiation behind the turn-over of original place, radiation dose rate is 25Gy/min, exposure time 60H, behind the irradiation feed be stored in 20 ℃, relative humidity be 70% indoor, finish using in three weeks.
Test example 1
Adopt embodiment 1 described method to prepare 1 batch of feed, be divided into 10 groups, Co
60Week about 10 groups of feeds are carried out respectively the detection of specific pathogen bacterium behind the radiographic source irradiation sterilization, testing result is as shown in table 3.
Table 3Co
60Irradiation sterilization experimental design prescription specific pathogen recall rate
Can find out from the above results, adopt the feed after method of the present invention is sterilized, in the 3rd week after sterilization, still not by detecting any specific pathogen bacterium, the edible safety that sterilizing methods sterilization of the present invention is thorough, effective, guaranteed SPF kind chicken is described.
Test example 2
In order to contrast the situation of change of each nutritional labeling behind the feed predose, the content of nutritional labeling in the feed behind the predose is measured, the result is as shown in table 4.
The nutritive index table of comparisons behind the table 4 feed predose
Test example 3
The forage feed 50-98 age in days that adopts embodiment 1 to prepare is in the SPF kind chicken of finishing period, and the adult livability of finishing period is added up, and the result is as shown in table 5.
Table 5Co
60The irradiation sterilization experimental design prescription finishing period adult livability table of comparisons
Test example 4
Being used for autoclaved feed formula is specially: 600kg corn flour, 220kg dregs of beans, 130kg wheat bran, 20kg fish meal, 1kg content are that 98% lysine, 1.6kg content are 98% methionine, 15kg calcium monohydrogen phosphate, 2.4kg salt and 10kg premix, wherein contain compound vitamin 20g, grandidierite dimension 200g, Choline Chloride 200g, imported fish meal 400g and 200 in every kilogram of described premix and say zeolite powder 180g.
High-pressure sterilizing method: package with specific Polypropylence Sheet and package producing good finished feed, then pack in the high-pressure chamber, pass into water vapour and make it pressure and reach 4.5 standard atmospheric pressures, temperature reaches more than 120 degrees centigrade, and the maintenance mathematical models, sterilization time reached more than 45 minutes.
Adopt autoclaved feed formula and atomic energy irradiation sterilization feed of the present invention to raise respectively 50-98 age in days SPF kind chicken, 3000 every group, after feeding 2 months SPF kind chicken is added up at finishing period chicken feed conversion rate, the result is as shown in table 6:
Table 6 autoclaving feed formula and the atomic energy irradiation sterilization experimental design prescription finishing period chicken feed conversion rate table of comparisons
Test example 5
Adopt the embodiment of the invention 1 to prepare forage feed SPF kind chicken, parallelly carry out 10 groups, carry out the detection of 24 kinds of special pathogens, testing result is as shown in table 8.
24 kinds of special pathogen testing results of table 8SPF kind egg
Claims (2)
1. feed that is used for SPF kind chicken finishing period, it is characterized in that being comprised of each raw material of following weight portion: 580 portions of corn flour, 200 parts of dregs of beans, 160 parts of wheat brans, 20 parts of fish meal, 1 part of content are that 98% lysine, 1.5 parts of content are 98% methionine, 10 parts of stone flours, 15 parts of calcium monohydrogen phosphates, 2.6 portions of salt and 10 parts of premixes, wherein contain compound vitamin 20kg, grandidierite dimension 200kg, Choline Chloride 200kg, imported fish meal 400kg and 200 order zeolite powder 180kg in the described premix per ton, described each raw material mixes rear sterilization and get final product;
Co is adopted in described sterilization
60Radiographic source irradiation sterilization, irradiation field calibrated error are less than ± 5%, and absorption of sample dosage unevenness is less than 1.2, and radiation dose rate is 25Gy/min, and exposure time is 60 hours.
2. method for preparing the described feed of claim 1, it is characterized in that described each raw material is mixed according to weight ratio claimed in claim 1, adopt nylon-polyethylene compound package material to pack every bag of 40KG, volume is 80cm*40cm*20cm, uses Co
60The radiographic source irradiation sterilization, the irradiation field calibrated error is less than ± 5%, absorption of sample dosage unevenness is less than 1.2, sample irradiation is during to a half-value dose, continue irradiation behind the turn-over of original place, radiation dose rate is 25Gy/min, exposure time 60 hours, to be stored in 20 ± 5 ℃, relative humidity be the indoor of 40-70% to feed behind the irradiation, finishes using in three weeks.
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