CN102428304B - 比例节流阀 - Google Patents

比例节流阀 Download PDF

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CN102428304B
CN102428304B CN201080019139.0A CN201080019139A CN102428304B CN 102428304 B CN102428304 B CN 102428304B CN 201080019139 A CN201080019139 A CN 201080019139A CN 102428304 B CN102428304 B CN 102428304B
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valve
piston
proportional throttle
throttle valve
axial bore
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CN102428304A (zh
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M·比尔
P·布鲁克
M·维伊特
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Hydac Fluidtechnik GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/02—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
    • F16K31/06—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a magnet, e.g. diaphragm valves, cutting off by means of a liquid
    • F16K31/0644—One-way valve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K17/00—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves
    • F16K17/20—Excess-flow valves
    • F16K17/22—Excess-flow valves actuated by the difference of pressure between two places in the flow line
    • F16K17/24—Excess-flow valves actuated by the difference of pressure between two places in the flow line acting directly on the cutting-off member
    • F16K17/28—Excess-flow valves actuated by the difference of pressure between two places in the flow line acting directly on the cutting-off member operating in one direction only
    • F16K17/30—Excess-flow valves actuated by the difference of pressure between two places in the flow line acting directly on the cutting-off member operating in one direction only spring-loaded
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K3/00—Gate valves or sliding valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closing members having a sliding movement along the seat for opening and closing
    • F16K3/22—Gate valves or sliding valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closing members having a sliding movement along the seat for opening and closing with sealing faces shaped as surfaces of solids of revolution
    • F16K3/24—Gate valves or sliding valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closing members having a sliding movement along the seat for opening and closing with sealing faces shaped as surfaces of solids of revolution with cylindrical valve members
    • F16K3/26—Gate valves or sliding valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closing members having a sliding movement along the seat for opening and closing with sealing faces shaped as surfaces of solids of revolution with cylindrical valve members with fluid passages in the valve member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K3/00—Gate valves or sliding valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closing members having a sliding movement along the seat for opening and closing
    • F16K3/30—Details
    • F16K3/32—Means for additional adjustment of the rate of flow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/02—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
    • F16K31/06—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a magnet, e.g. diaphragm valves, cutting off by means of a liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/02—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
    • F16K31/06—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a magnet, e.g. diaphragm valves, cutting off by means of a liquid
    • F16K31/0644—One-way valve
    • F16K31/0668—Sliding valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/12—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K47/00—Means in valves for absorbing fluid energy
    • F16K47/04—Means in valves for absorbing fluid energy for decreasing pressure or noise level, the throttle being incorporated in the closure member
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D7/00—Control of flow
    • G05D7/01—Control of flow without auxiliary power
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D7/00—Control of flow
    • G05D7/06—Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D7/00—Control of flow
    • G05D7/06—Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means
    • G05D7/0617—Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means specially adapted for fluid materials
    • G05D7/0629—Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means specially adapted for fluid materials characterised by the type of regulator means
    • G05D7/0635—Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means specially adapted for fluid materials characterised by the type of regulator means by action on throttling means

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)
  • Safety Valves (AREA)
  • Sliding Valves (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种比例节流阀，其带有一阀活塞(2)，该阀活塞能实现节流孔功能并且在具有流体入口(4)和流体出口(5)的阀壳体(3)内沿纵向方向可移动地被引导。阀活塞(2)的控制棱边(6)由流量调节器(8)的调节活塞(7)形成，用于将流体入口(4)和流体出口(5)流体连通，由此在一个阀单元中综合了流量调节阀和比例节流阀的功能。

Description

比例节流阀
技术领域
本发明涉及一种比例节流阀。
背景技术
比例节流阀经常在这时使用，即在通过这些阀的流体流量的高度应当无级地根据控制阀活塞的线圈的存在的磁通量改变时。阀活塞的阀座的开口横截面积在此取决于阀活塞的位置。如果给线圈加载直流电，则产生与磁通量成比例的磁力，因此阀活塞向打开位置运动。在此，一般来说，设置在阀活塞背面上的弹簧张紧，该弹簧的弹力反作用于磁力。如果磁力和弹力之间形成平衡，则阀活塞保持在其位置。
比例节流阀基本上与有待控制的压力水平无关，因为阀活塞是压力平衡的，也就是说在两个端面上作用同样大小的压力。
比例节流阀例如应用于升降功能、如陆地运输车。为了在此类使用目的时降低负载，使用2/2换向阀以构成基本的升降运动。同时为了控制体积流量而使用比例节流阀。
但在比例节流阀中存在下面问题，即，体积流量取决于流体入口和流体出口之间的压力差，从而例如在陆地运输车或其它往复运动装置中，下降速度取决于运动的负载。在此可能超出在下降过程中可能损坏往复运动装置或待运送的负载的极限值。因此在现有技术中，将固定调准的最大-体积流量调节器串联连接在比例节流阀上游。最大体积流量调节器设计成被动的，即只有在超过最大下降速度时才发挥作用。因此，根据现有技术要这样构造的液压回路耗费高并且由于具有大量元件而需要相应大尺寸的结构空间。
发明内容
鉴于此现有技术，本发明的目的在于，创建一种集成上述功能的比例节流阀。
该目的通过具有如下所述特征的比例节流阀整体来解决。
根据本发明，所述比例节流阀带有一阀活塞，该阀活塞能实现节流孔功能并且在具有流体入口和流体出口的阀壳体内沿纵向方向可移动地被引导，其中，带有控制棱边的阀活塞控制流体入口和流体出口之间的流体连通，阀活塞的、调节流体入口和流体出口之间的流体连通的控制棱边由流量调节器的调节活塞形成，由此在一个阀单元中综合了流量调节阀和比例节流阀的功能。
在一种特别优选的节省结构空间的实施形式中，流量调节器的调节活塞以及阀活塞本身可移动地引导在阀壳体的同一个孔中。在这里通过特别有利的方式规定，流量调节器的调节活塞以级联的方式引导在阀活塞的一个轴向孔中，并且一附属于此的必需的调节弹簧径向引导在调节活塞的一个轴向孔以及在阀活塞的一个轴向孔内。
在此，流量调节器的一设置的测量孔板优选在调节活塞的邻近流体入口的轴向端部上密封地设置在调节活塞的活塞顶中，并形成到调节弹簧的弹簧腔内的流体连通。调节活塞具有径向的流体出口，这些径向的流体出口在比例节流阀的静止状态下被用于阀活塞的轴向孔完全覆盖并且只有在为推动阀活塞而给线圈通电时才部分地或完全地与阀壳体的形成流体出口的径向孔重合。比例节流阀可设计成被直接控制或预控制的。
附图说明
下文借助附图进一步说明依据本发明的解决方案。附图以原理性的并且不按比例的视图示出：
图1：依据本发明的比例节流阀的纵剖视图；
图2：图1中用II标示的局部放大图。
具体实施方式
图1示出被直接控制的比例节流阀1的纵剖视图。在一电磁系统壳体内设有一电磁系统14，其中，未详细示出的电磁衔铁16可借助于直流电线圈15控制。电磁系统14优选构造成推压的(drückend)、路径受控制的比例-电磁系统，其中，在直流电线圈15的通电状态下，电磁衔铁16和与其作用连接的操纵件17能向下朝着流体入口4的方向运动。
操纵件17与构造成“节流孔活塞”的阀活塞2作用连接。在直流电线圈15未通电的状态下，电磁衔铁16、操纵件17和阀活塞2通过一弹簧18朝着行程挡块19移动。这与比例节流阀1的闭合状态相符，其中，流体入口4和流体出口5之间的流体通道被闭锁。
电磁系统壳体构造成以圆筒形的导向部20突出到阀壳体3内并相应密封。圆柱形的操纵件17同样伸入圆筒形的导向部20内并在其中形锁合地可拆卸地与阀活塞2的心轴状地引导弹簧18的突出部21在持久贴靠下连接。突出部21在通过带有限定行程挡块19的活塞顶23的、圆筒形的间隔件22之后过渡到形成为节流孔活塞的阀活塞2。行程挡块19把阀活塞2的背面24与其主控制部分25分开。
主控制部分25在其大约轴向的中间划分为流量调节器8的调节活塞7。调节活塞7与阀活塞2被引导在同一个孔9中，而且该调节活塞通过作为主控制部分25一部分的操纵件17轴向可移动地支承在阀壳体内。另外，调节活塞7在上述阀活塞2的一个轴向孔10内可轴向移动地被引导。一形成为压力弹簧的调节弹簧11在轴向孔10内大约以其一半长度被引导。
调节活塞7具有另一个轴向孔12，该另一个轴向孔用于引导调节弹簧11。在调节活塞7内、在其面向流体入口4的轴向端部装入、尤其是旋入一测量孔板13。调节活塞7具有在直径上相对的径向开口26，这些开口在比例节流阀1的图2所示的静止状态下、在与孔9的壁部完全重合的情况下处于闭锁位置。如图2以按照图1的局部II所示，流体出口5由至少两个在直径上进入孔9的壁中的开口27形成。控制棱边6位于调节活塞7的外径上并且在直流电线圈15相应通电的情况下用于调节流体入口4和流体出口5之间的总的体积流量。
在比例节流阀1运行时，调节弹簧11通过其预紧作用将测量孔板13和阀活塞2上部分之间的距离保持为最大距离。直到达到最大可能的体积流量，这种状态一直持续并且阀仅作为比例节流阀工作。测量孔板13在其被穿流时与体积流量的数值有关地引起压力损失。该压力值又引起朝向调节弹簧11方向的调整力，直至主控制部分25由于调节弹簧11的缩短而同样缩短。控制棱边6朝流体出口5上的较小的通流横截面的方向移动；同时测量孔板13上的压力损失也稍微降低，直至出现体积流量的平衡状态。阀活塞2便就此而言承担压力天平功能和比例节流功能。
通过根据本发明的解决方案，直接在比例节流阀中安置外部的流量调节器的流量调节功能，从而可在液压回路内部放弃完整的附加的阀。如上文所述这如此实现，即，对于恒定流量调节器所需的测量孔板和调节弹簧安置在比例节流阀的控制活塞内。同时，对于流量调节器同样必需的压力天平功能由比例节流阀的调节活塞自身承担。活塞的已说明的控制棱边因此同时承担流量调节器的比例节流功能和压力天平功能。

Claims (8)

1.比例节流阀，带有一阀壳体(3)和一阀活塞(2)，所述阀壳体(3)具有流体入口(4)和流体出口(5)、由径向向内的阀壳体壁限定的纵向孔(9)以及纵轴线，所述阀活塞(2)能实现节流孔功能并且在所述阀壳体(3)内沿所述纵轴线可移动地被引导并且与所述阀壳体壁贴靠，其特征在于，阀活塞(2)的控制棱边(6)由流量调节器(8)的调节活塞(7)形成，用于将流体入口(4)和流体出口(5)流体连通，所述流量调节器(8)的调节活塞(7)位于所述阀壳体(3)中，所述调节活塞(7)具有第一部分和第二部分，所述第一部分被可动地引导在所述阀活塞(2)的一个轴向孔(10)中并且贴靠该轴向孔(10)的径向壁，所述第二部分在所述轴向孔(10)之外延伸并且贴靠所述阀壳体壁，所述控制棱边(6)邻接所述第一部分和第二部分的接合部。
2.根据权利要求1所述的比例节流阀，其特征在于，流量调节器(8)的调节活塞(7)以及阀活塞(2)可移动地引导在阀壳体(3)的所述纵向孔(9)中。
3.根据权利要求1所述的比例节流阀，其特征在于，调节弹簧(11)径向支撑在所述轴向孔(10)内以及在调节活塞(7)中的另一个轴向孔(12)内。
4.根据权利要求2所述的比例节流阀，其特征在于，调节弹簧(11)径向支撑在所述轴向孔(10)内以及在调节活塞(7)中的另一个轴向孔(12)内。
5.根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的比例节流阀，其特征在于，流量调节器(8)的测量孔板(13)设置于调节活塞(7)内。
6.根据权利要求5所述的比例节流阀，其特征在于，测量孔板(13)设置在调节活塞(7)的面向流体入口(4)的那个端部区域内。
7.根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的比例节流阀，其特征在于，流体入口(4)沿轴向通入阀壳体(3)内，流体出口(5)沿径向的、与此垂直的方向穿过阀壳体(3)。
8.根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的比例节流阀，其特征在于，比例节流阀(1)是被直接控制的。
CN201080019139.0A 2009-04-30 2010-02-25 比例节流阀 Expired - Fee Related CN102428304B (zh)

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KR20120030052A (ko) 2012-03-27
KR101688404B1 (ko) 2016-12-21
EP2425159B1 (de) 2013-01-02
JP5616432B2 (ja) 2014-10-29
WO2010124757A1 (de) 2010-11-04
ES2398359T3 (es) 2013-03-15
CN102428304A (zh) 2012-04-25
BRPI1013962B1 (pt) 2020-10-20
US20120037830A1 (en) 2012-02-16
JP2012525547A (ja) 2012-10-22
EP2425159A1 (de) 2012-03-07
DE102009019554B3 (de) 2010-09-09
US8833729B2 (en) 2014-09-16

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