CN102427255A - Method and device for automatically equalizing voltages of power battery groups - Google Patents
Method and device for automatically equalizing voltages of power battery groups Download PDFInfo
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- CN102427255A CN102427255A CN2011103329905A CN201110332990A CN102427255A CN 102427255 A CN102427255 A CN 102427255A CN 2011103329905 A CN2011103329905 A CN 2011103329905A CN 201110332990 A CN201110332990 A CN 201110332990A CN 102427255 A CN102427255 A CN 102427255A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and device for automatically equalizing voltages of power battery groups. Each single battery of the serially connected power battery groups is connected with an electronic switch, the serially connected power battery groups are connected with a charge-discharge circuit through the electronic switches, and the voltages of the serially connected power battery groups are compared by detecting voltages at two ends of each single battery in real time; a first electronic switch connected with the first single battery is switched on when the voltage of the first single battery is larger than that of a second single battery, and the first electronic switch of the first single battery is switched off after the first single battery charges the charge-discharge circuit; and a second electronic switch connected with the second single battery is switched on, and the charge-discharge circuit charges the second single battery, thus the voltages of the first single battery and the second single battery are equalized, and all the processes are sequentially repeated till the voltages of all the single batteries of the serially connected power battery groups are equalized. According to the method and device for automatically equalizing the voltages of the power batter groups, disclosed by the invention, direct equalization between the high-voltage single batteries and the low-voltage single batteries is realized in the serially connected power battery groups in short time.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the batteries management system of every field such as electric automobile, especially a kind of automatic equalization technology of series battery.
Background technology
Current storage battery has been widely used in every field, and particularly in today of electric automobile develop rapidly, electrokinetic cell has been regarded as one of key technology parts.Single battery has quite low voltage, generally in the scope of 2.5-4.2V, but is not enough for the application that high voltage and current requirements are arranged, and the battery cell that is connected in series can be realized higher voltage request.When charging with the battery pack of series workings, how to guarantee the equalizing charge automatically rapidly and efficiently of battery pack in the charging process, be to guarantee the fail safe and the reliability of cell and a key technology giving full play to its usefulness.
Battery cell is not identical; The consistency that in the battery manufacture process, improves battery also has sizable difficulty and needs input greatly, thereby this manufacturing expense that will increase substantially battery causes the too high fast development that is unfavorable for ev industry of battery cost.Current battery manufacturer or the battery combination factory strict screening technique of employing carry out battery and mate the consistency that improves battery.Even but the battery after the strict screening just shows visible difference at the initial stage of circulation.Along with the increase of battery cycle-index, the temperature of each battery cell, internal driving and discharge condition are all inequality in battery pack, and the degree that battery consistency changes becomes and can not detect and more serious.
In battery pack, the inconsistency of battery cell will cause undercharge or overcharge in charging, and the quantity of series-connected cell monomer is big more, and monomer undercharge or the possibility of overcharging are just big more.Except aspect the consistency of battery itself, working hard, another kind of solution-battery balanced management seems more and more important.Battery balanced management can not only solve the problem of battery consistency, and the performance of series battery and even fail safe are improved.
The balanced management of battery can come the electric weight of regulating cell monomer through the mode that electric weight shifts.The transfer of energy can be passed through three modes: thermal field, magnetic field and electric field.Shifting through thermal field is that the energy of monomer that voltage is high transfers heat energy to through resistance and discharges.Shifting through magnetic field is that the energy of monomer that voltage is high is transferred on the low monomer of voltage through the inductance magnetic field that produces that interacts.Shifting through electric field then is between the low monomer of the high monomer of voltage and voltage, through electric capacity energy to be shifted.
What extensively adopt at present is preceding two kinds of technology, but problem wherein is: the shunting through resistance can cause the caloric value of resistance big the release of battery cell energy, and euqalizing current is restricted, only suitable low capacity, the battery pack that monomer series-connected quantity is few.And through inductance with electric energy transfer to the monomer of low capacity, thinking is complicated, components and parts are many, the control complexity is very high, and is mostly to transmit step by step through adjacent monomer, the multiple energy transmission also can cause bigger energy loss like this.
One Chinese patent application 201010244377 discloses a kind of electrokinetic cell dynamic equalization charging/discharging thereof; This method needs balanced power supply when realizing the serial power battery pack balancing; Balanced power supply is from whole serial power battery pack, and simultaneously, it can only be when the serial power battery charge; Or discharge the time could realize equilibrium, and its scope of application is little like this; Simultaneously, the power supply of balanced power supply is from whole serial power battery pack, when implementing equilibrium; Also balanced power supply is supplied power by balanced battery pack or cell, therefore, be difficult to accomplish the complete equilibrium of cell; And, in the balancing procedure, also need implement control to the electric current of balanced power supply; Defectives such as therefore, this technology exists control system complicated, and the cell portfolio effect is bad.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of can the mistake to realize directly implementing balanced power battery pack voltage automatic balancing method in the power battery pack between the high low-voltage cell, and power battery pack voltage automatic equalization device, to address the above problem.
Realize the power battery pack voltage automatic balancing method of one of the object of the invention: it is each cell connection electronic switch in the power battery pack of series connection; The electronic switch that passes through of the power battery pack of series connection connects charge-discharge circuit; Through real-time detection cell voltage, compare voltage height between cell; When first monomer battery voltage during, the first electronic switch conducting that this first cell connects greater than second monomer battery voltage, first cell to the charge-discharge circuit charging after, the first electronic switch conducting of first cell is turn-offed; The second electronic switch conducting that second cell connects; Charge-discharge circuit charges to second cell; Make win cell and second monomer battery voltage be able to equilibrium, successively repeatedly in the power battery pack of series connection the voltage of all cells be able to all equilibrium.
The power battery pack of series connection is divided into two groupings at least; Intact respectively voltage automatic equalization between the cell of two grouping series batteries inside: detect the interior cell voltage of dividing into groups in real time; The comparative voltage height; The conducting of high voltage cell is turn-offed after charge-discharge circuit is charged, and charge-discharge circuit charges to the low-voltage cell.
Detect the voltage of inner each cell of series battery, and the height of the voltage of foundation detection, series battery inside cell is sorted; The electronic switch conducting of ceiling voltage cell after the charge-discharge circuit charging, is turn-offed, and charge-discharge circuit charges to the minimum voltage cell; The electronic switch conducting of the second high voltage cell after the charge-discharge circuit charging, is turn-offed, and charge-discharge circuit charges to the second low-voltage cell; Accomplish automatic equalization until all monomer battery voltages successively.
After all monomer battery voltage automatic equalizations, the voltage of charge-discharge circuit discharges to the electricity consumption device.
Said electronic switch is a FET, and charge-discharge circuit is the electric capacity that the two ends of the power battery pack of series connection connect through FET.
Realize two the power battery pack voltage automatic equalization device of the object of the invention: it comprises the series connected battery group, it is characterized in that it also comprises:
The electronic switch that each cell connects in the series connected battery group: the break-make that is used to control cell discharge or charging;
The charge-discharge circuit that series connected battery group two ends connect is used for discharging by the monomer battery charge or to cell;
Balance controller: be used for detecting in real time the voltage of each cell of series connected battery group, calculate the comparative voltage height, the electronic switch break-make at control cell two ends.
The charge-discharge circuit two ends are connected with electronic switch and electricity consumption device, and electronic switch is used to control charge-discharge circuit the electricity consumption device is discharged.
Said balance controller also is used for: the cell that will detect the series connected battery group is divided at least and divides into groups; Height according to the voltage that detects; Series-connected cell packets inner cell is sorted, and control has the electronic switch break-make of two cells of pressure reduction in proper order.
Said electronic switch is a FET, and charge-discharge circuit is an electric capacity.
The present invention is through in the series battery; The energy storage of earlier that voltage is high cell is in charge-discharge circuit (electric capacity); The low cell of conducting voltage again shifted energy going to the low cell of voltage, in the short time, realized in the series battery; High-tension cell is to the direct equilibrium between the cell of low-voltage, makes that monomer battery voltage is balanced to average voltage level in the series battery; Realize that each cell has more uniform energy and voltage; Reach better portfolio effect, prolong the useful life of battery, this method not only can realize balanced when series battery discharges and recharges simultaneously; When series battery is static, also can realize the equilibrium of cell; Only adopt an electric capacity among the present invention in the circuit, realize the equilibrium between cell, circuit is simple.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 circuit theory diagrams of the present invention.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1; Balance controller 100 microprocessors and logic control circuit constitute; Be used for detecting in real time the voltage of each cell of series connected battery group; Microprocessor also is divided into two groupings with the cell of series connection, and the cell in two battery group is just sorted according to the magnitude of voltage that detects.
Each cell B1, B2......Bn-1, Bn two ends all are connected with balance controller 100 in the series battery; The connection that is connected with metal-oxide-semiconductor M1, M2......Mn-1, Mn respectively of each cell B1, B2......Bn-1, Bn;
The output control terminal of balance controller 100 is connected with metal-oxide-semiconductor M1, M2......Mn-1, Mn respectively.
Balance controller 100 also connects control metal-oxide-semiconductor Mn+1.
Each cell is connected with charge-discharge circuit, and is connected with electric capacity, and the electric capacity two ends are connected with metal-oxide-semiconductor M0 and resistance R.
Cell B1, B2......Bn-1, Bn are divided into two groupings in the present embodiment, are respectively odd number group battery cell B1, B3, B5...... and even sets battery cell B2, B4, B6.......The source electrode of the metal-oxide-semiconductor M1 that each cell connects in the odd number group, M3, M5...... is connected with a utmost point of capacitor C, and the source electrode of the metal-oxide-semiconductor M2 that each cell connects in the even sets, M4, M6...... is connected with another utmost point of capacitor C.
The drain and gate of metal-oxide-semiconductor M1, M2......Mn-1, Mn, Mn+1 is connected with balance controller 100.Capacitor C is connected with the Mn+1 source electrode.
Equalization methods of the present invention is: balance controller is gathered the terminal voltage of each battery cell through lead.Monomer voltage, is converted into the output signal controlling and controls cut-offfing of metal-oxide-semiconductor through the processing of its internal microprocessor and logic control circuit as the input signal of balance controller.Internal processor is done two groups of orderings with battery cell voltage, the odd number joint of monomer and the ordering respectively of even number joint, and soon battery cell B1, B3, B5...... do ordering by the height of terminal voltage, and B2, B4, B6...... do ordering by the height of terminal voltage.Equilibrium between battery cell also is to carry out equilibrium each other between the monomer odd number joint earlier, carries out the equilibrium between the monomer even number joint again.For example battery Bi and Bj are the battery cells of odd number joint, and promptly i and j are odd number.Bi is in the ordering of odd number joint monomer terminal voltage, and terminal voltage is a peak, and Bj then is a minimum.Through the processing of balance controller, output signal controlling metal-oxide-semiconductor Mi and Mi+1 conducting, battery cell Bi charges to capacitor C; Then turn-off Mi and Mi+1, conducting Mj and Mj+1, then capacitor C is discharged to battery cell Bj.Since metal-oxide-semiconductor to cut-off frequency very high, can reach per second and cut-off for thousands of times, the electric weight of Bi is progressively transferred to Bj, through certain hour, the voltage of Bi descends near the battery pack average voltage gradually, the voltage of Bj then rises near average voltage gradually.The balance controller terminal voltage of monitoring battery monomer always also constantly sorts, and the ordering equilibrium can be adopted: the electronic switch conducting of ceiling voltage cell, after the charge-discharge circuit charging, turn-off, and charge-discharge circuit charges to the minimum voltage cell; The electronic switch conducting of the second high voltage cell after the charge-discharge circuit charging, is turn-offed, and charge-discharge circuit charges to the second low-voltage cell; Accomplish automatic equalization until all monomer battery voltages successively; Simultaneously through the cut-offfing of output signal controlling metal-oxide-semiconductor, reach balanced until the voltage of all odd number batteries monomers.Balance controller output signal is opened metal-oxide-semiconductor M0 then, and capacitor C is discharged to resistance R.After capacitor C emptying, carry out the equilibrium of even number batteries monomer again, process is balanced identical with odd number batteries monomer, all reaches balanced until the terminal voltage of final all battery cells.
The present invention compares with one Chinese patent application 201010244377, has the advantages that system schema is simple, circuit structure is simple, volume is less, cost is less, energy transfer efficiency is higher.Particularly, patent application 201010244377 needs special-purpose coding chip controls so-called " balance charge/discharge electronic switch " such as utilization CPLD.This electronic switch is optical relay just, because the voltage of battery pack is generally up to more than the 300V, according to the circuit structure in its patent; Need to select the optical relay more than the withstand voltage 600V; This chip application field is narrow, even if do not conclude this, on market, also is difficult to buying.It as the equalizing charge power supply, carries out the electric weight transmission with DCDC in total battery pack and any monomer in addition.Because both pressure reduction up to 100 times, require the no-load voltage ratio of DCDC also very big, big no-load voltage ratio like this, its volume is very big, and energy loss is also very big.Also have an important reasons to be, because the restriction of this switch and DCDC, when battery pack is expanded; Be not like said modularization so in the patent, because along with the increasing of battery pack, the withstand voltage of optical relay will increase; DCDC will design again, and system could be safe and reliable.
The present invention has exactly overcome above-mentioned weakness.At first one Chinese patent application 201010244377 each lithium battery management system all need be gathered monomer voltage with battery management chip.Passive balanced control signal is arranged on this managing chip, and the present invention directly utilizes this signal controlling metal-oxide-semiconductor.Only adopt an electric capacity between battery cell, to carry out NE BY ENERGY TRANSFER as bridge in addition, in the management that discharges and recharges, adopt monomer battery voltage ordering from high to low, the ceiling voltage cell charges to the minimum voltage cell; The second high voltage cell charges to the second low-voltage cell; Accomplish automatic equalization until all monomer battery voltages successively; Battery is to the transmission from the monomer to the monomer, and pressure reduction is little, and efficient is high.This scheme has just really been accomplished modularization, generalization.When number of monomers changed, the battery management chips that lithium battery management system needs difference to measure increased and decreased the electric capacity number accordingly and the metal-oxide-semiconductor number is just passable.
Above-mentioned balance idea is the electric voltage equalization between the cell in the series battery to all cell average voltage level.The real cell automatic equalization each other that realizes in the series battery.
When the automatic equalization of carrying out between cell, also can adopt the mode of setting the voltage difference between cell to realize equilibrium:
As at battery during in static state, in the time of total current I=0, whether the difference that detects battery cell voltage has surpassed 25mV, if surpass then needing to be regarded as equilibrium, then starts equalizing system.When battery in charge and discharge process, when total current surpassed 40A, whether the difference that detects battery cell voltage had surpassed 50mV, if surpass then needing to be regarded as equilibrium, then started equalizing system.
Claims (9)
1. power battery pack voltage automatic balancing method; It is each cell connection electronic switch in the power battery pack of series connection; The electronic switch that passes through of the power battery pack of series connection connects charge-discharge circuit; Through real-time detection cell voltage, compare voltage height between cell; When first monomer battery voltage during, the first electronic switch conducting that this first cell connects greater than second monomer battery voltage, first cell to the charge-discharge circuit charging after, the first electronic switch conducting of first cell is turn-offed; The second electronic switch conducting that second cell connects; Charge-discharge circuit charges to second cell; Make win cell and second monomer battery voltage be able to equilibrium, successively repeatedly in the power battery pack of series connection the voltage of all cells be able to all equilibrium.
2. power battery pack voltage automatic balancing method according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: the power battery pack of series connection is divided into two groupings at least; Intact respectively voltage automatic equalization between the cell of two grouping series batteries inside: the real-time interior cell voltage of dividing into groups that detects, the comparative voltage height is after the conducting of high voltage cell is charged to charge-discharge circuit; Turn-off, charge-discharge circuit charges to the low-voltage cell.
3. like the said power battery pack voltage of claim 2 automatic balancing method, it is characterized in that: detect the voltage of inner each cell of series battery, and the height of the voltage of foundation detection, series battery inside cell is sorted; The electronic switch conducting of ceiling voltage cell after the charge-discharge circuit charging, is turn-offed, and charge-discharge circuit charges to the minimum voltage cell; The electronic switch conducting of the second high voltage cell after the charge-discharge circuit charging, is turn-offed, and charge-discharge circuit charges to the second low-voltage cell; Accomplish automatic equalization until all monomer battery voltages successively.
4. power battery pack voltage automatic balancing method according to claim 1 or claim 2, it is characterized in that: after all monomer battery voltage automatic equalizations, the voltage of charge-discharge circuit discharges to the electricity consumption device.
5. power battery pack voltage automatic balancing method according to claim 1 or claim 2, it is characterized in that: said electronic switch is a FET, charge-discharge circuit is the electric capacity that the two ends of the power battery pack of series connection connect through FET.
6. power battery pack voltage automatic equalization device, it comprises the series connected battery group, it is characterized in that it also comprises:
The electronic switch that each cell two ends connects in the series connected battery group: the break-make that is used to control cell discharge or charging;
The charge-discharge circuit that series connected battery group two ends connect is used for discharging by the monomer battery charge or to cell;
Balance controller: be used for detecting in real time the voltage of each cell of series connected battery group, calculate the comparative voltage height, the electronic switch break-make at control cell two ends.
7. like the said power battery pack voltage of claim 6 automatic equalization device, it is characterized in that the charge-discharge circuit two ends are connected with electronic switch and electricity consumption device, electronic switch is used to control charge-discharge circuit the electricity consumption device is discharged.
8. like the said power battery pack voltage of claim 6 automatic equalization device; It is characterized in that said balance controller also is used for: the cell that will detect the series connected battery group is divided at least and divides into groups; Height according to the voltage that detects; Series-connected cell packets inner cell is sorted, and control has the electronic switch break-make of two cells of pressure reduction in proper order.
9. like the said power battery pack voltage of claim 6 automatic equalization device, it is characterized in that said electronic switch is a FET, charge-discharge circuit is an electric capacity.
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Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103018682A (en) * | 2012-12-20 | 2013-04-03 | 惠州市亿能电子有限公司 | Thermal field testing and analytical processing method for battery system |
| CN103151761A (en) * | 2013-03-29 | 2013-06-12 | 山东润峰集团新能源科技有限公司 | Novel highly-intelligent balanced protection plate |
| CN104113110A (en) * | 2014-06-27 | 2014-10-22 | 三门峡速达交通节能科技股份有限公司 | Battery equalization circuit |
| CN104319837A (en) * | 2014-10-17 | 2015-01-28 | 东风电动车辆股份有限公司 | Battery pack structure of electric automobile and charging and discharging method of battery pack |
| CN104701924A (en) * | 2014-09-22 | 2015-06-10 | 深圳市沛城电子科技有限公司 | Smart battery balance management method |
| CN104795860A (en) * | 2015-03-30 | 2015-07-22 | 金华职业技术学院 | Electric-car lithium battery active-equalization management system |
| CN105429215A (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2016-03-23 | 安徽农业大学 | Combined equalization device of composite power source and equalization method of combined equalization device |
| WO2017000739A1 (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2017-01-05 | 华为技术有限公司 | Energy balancing method and apparatus |
| CN106627212A (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2017-05-10 | 墨宝股份有限公司 | Efficient passive balance control method for lithium ion batteries of electric vehicles |
| CN107546805A (en) * | 2017-09-14 | 2018-01-05 | 北京智行鸿远汽车有限公司 | A kind of method evaluated using equalizing circuit battery bag electrical design |
| CN107813720A (en) * | 2017-10-19 | 2018-03-20 | 北京新能源汽车股份有限公司 | Balancing device, system and method for power battery pack |
| CN108023389A (en) * | 2018-01-15 | 2018-05-11 | 深圳市飞碟动力科技有限公司 | A kind of battery pack dynamic equalization circuit |
| CN108551182A (en) * | 2018-03-26 | 2018-09-18 | 南通宁远自动化科技有限公司 | A kind of charging equalization apparatus |
| CN109980749A (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2019-07-05 | 南京中感微电子有限公司 | A kind of electric quantity balancing method and system of battery pack |
| CN112653206A (en) * | 2020-11-18 | 2021-04-13 | 中国南方电网有限责任公司超高压输电公司广州局 | Dynamic balancing method and device for power communication power supply battery pack |
| CN113437787A (en) * | 2020-03-04 | 2021-09-24 | 中车唐山机车车辆有限公司 | Battery equalization system, method, terminal and storage medium |
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| CN103018682A (en) * | 2012-12-20 | 2013-04-03 | 惠州市亿能电子有限公司 | Thermal field testing and analytical processing method for battery system |
| CN103151761A (en) * | 2013-03-29 | 2013-06-12 | 山东润峰集团新能源科技有限公司 | Novel highly-intelligent balanced protection plate |
| CN104113110A (en) * | 2014-06-27 | 2014-10-22 | 三门峡速达交通节能科技股份有限公司 | Battery equalization circuit |
| CN104701924A (en) * | 2014-09-22 | 2015-06-10 | 深圳市沛城电子科技有限公司 | Smart battery balance management method |
| CN104319837A (en) * | 2014-10-17 | 2015-01-28 | 东风电动车辆股份有限公司 | Battery pack structure of electric automobile and charging and discharging method of battery pack |
| CN104795860B (en) * | 2015-03-30 | 2018-04-03 | 金华职业技术学院 | A kind of electric automobile lithium battery active equalization management system |
| CN104795860A (en) * | 2015-03-30 | 2015-07-22 | 金华职业技术学院 | Electric-car lithium battery active-equalization management system |
| WO2017000739A1 (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2017-01-05 | 华为技术有限公司 | Energy balancing method and apparatus |
| US10361568B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2019-07-23 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Energy balancing method and apparatus |
| CN105429215A (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2016-03-23 | 安徽农业大学 | Combined equalization device of composite power source and equalization method of combined equalization device |
| CN105429215B (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2017-11-28 | 安徽农业大学 | The combined equalization device and its equalization methods of a kind of composite power source |
| CN106627212A (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2017-05-10 | 墨宝股份有限公司 | Efficient passive balance control method for lithium ion batteries of electric vehicles |
| CN107546805A (en) * | 2017-09-14 | 2018-01-05 | 北京智行鸿远汽车有限公司 | A kind of method evaluated using equalizing circuit battery bag electrical design |
| CN107813720A (en) * | 2017-10-19 | 2018-03-20 | 北京新能源汽车股份有限公司 | Balancing device, system and method for power battery pack |
| CN107813720B (en) * | 2017-10-19 | 2020-04-03 | 北京新能源汽车股份有限公司 | Balancing device, system and method for power battery pack |
| CN108023389A (en) * | 2018-01-15 | 2018-05-11 | 深圳市飞碟动力科技有限公司 | A kind of battery pack dynamic equalization circuit |
| CN108551182A (en) * | 2018-03-26 | 2018-09-18 | 南通宁远自动化科技有限公司 | A kind of charging equalization apparatus |
| CN109980749A (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2019-07-05 | 南京中感微电子有限公司 | A kind of electric quantity balancing method and system of battery pack |
| CN113437787A (en) * | 2020-03-04 | 2021-09-24 | 中车唐山机车车辆有限公司 | Battery equalization system, method, terminal and storage medium |
| CN112653206A (en) * | 2020-11-18 | 2021-04-13 | 中国南方电网有限责任公司超高压输电公司广州局 | Dynamic balancing method and device for power communication power supply battery pack |
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Application publication date: 20120425 |