CN102421994A - 升程传递部件的制造方法 - Google Patents

升程传递部件的制造方法 Download PDF

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CN102421994A
CN102421994A CN2010800205035A CN201080020503A CN102421994A CN 102421994 A CN102421994 A CN 102421994A CN 2010800205035 A CN2010800205035 A CN 2010800205035A CN 201080020503 A CN201080020503 A CN 201080020503A CN 102421994 A CN102421994 A CN 102421994A
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彼得·卡雷斯
马可·梅斯伯恩
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Schaeffler Holding China Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
    • F01L1/14—Tappets; Push rods
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
    • F01L1/18—Rocking arms or levers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
    • F01L1/18—Rocking arms or levers
    • F01L1/185—Overhead end-pivot rocking arms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
    • F01L1/18—Rocking arms or levers
    • F01L2001/187—Clips, e.g. for retaining rocker arm on pivot
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L2303/00—Manufacturing of components used in valve arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L2303/00—Manufacturing of components used in valve arrangements
    • F01L2303/01—Tools for producing, mounting or adjusting, e.g. some part of the distribution
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L2305/00—Valve arrangements comprising rollers
    • F01L2305/02—Mounting of rollers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L2820/00—Details on specific features characterising valve gear arrangements
    • F01L2820/01—Absolute values
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    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49229—Prime mover or fluid pump making
    • Y10T29/49247—Valve lifter making
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
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    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
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    • Y10T29/49908—Joining by deforming
    • Y10T29/49915—Overedge assembling of seated part
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    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49908—Joining by deforming
    • Y10T29/49915—Overedge assembling of seated part
    • Y10T29/4992—Overedge assembling of seated part by flaring inserted cup or tube end
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
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    • Y10T29/49938—Radially expanding part in cavity, aperture, or hollow body
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Abstract

本发明涉及特别地用于内燃机(1)的换气气门系或燃料泵驱动的升程传递部件(2)的生产方法，所述升程传递部件(2)具有壳体(6)、安装在壳体的插座孔(9)内的轴承销(7)和通过滑动轴承或滚子轴承而支承在其上的滚子(8)，其中轴承销在其整个轴向延伸范围上被淬透硬化，从而具有至少650HV的芯硬度，且淬透硬化的所述轴承销的销端部(10)相对于插座孔径向地膨胀，以将轴承销形状配合地连接到壳体。所述轴承销的硬度不应超过780HV，其中所述销端部的一个销端部的径向膨胀通过变形模具(11)形成，该模具与轴承销的轴线平行地行进，同时在销端部上在轴承销的周围和端面之间的过渡处施加力。

Description

升程传递部件的制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及特别地用于内燃机的换气气门系或燃料泵驱动的升程传递部件(lift transfer component)的制造方法，所述升程传递部件包括壳体、固定在壳体的接收孔内的轴承销和通过滑动轴承或滚子轴承而支承在轴承销上的滚子，所述轴承销在整个轴向长度上被淬透硬化到具有至少650HV(维氏硬度)的芯硬度，且淬透硬化的轴承销的销端部相对于接收孔径向扩宽，以使得轴承销能够通过形状配合而连接到壳体。
背景技术
构造为用于通过底部凸轮轴致动内燃机的换气门的推杆的滚子挺杆的升程传递部件从US 5,099,807中已知。滚子挺杆包括被凸轮致动的滚子，所述滚子通过滚子轴承而安装在轴承销上，所述轴承销通过径向扩宽的销端部以形状接合和力锁定的方式而固定在挺杆的壳体的接收孔内。销端部的径向变形通过回转填隙(gyratory calking)实现，且轴承销的填隙材料以圆形环的形式移位到接收孔的开口处的倒角部内。
将轴承销固定在壳体内的替代的方式例如在US 4,628,874中公开。除滚子挺杆外，此文献另外公开了构造为滚子指杆的升程传递部件。在两个情况中，用于滚子的轴承销都固定在壳体的接收孔内，这涉及到如下事实，即轴承销的前端的材料通过填隙方法而径向向外移位到位于接收孔内的周向底切内。
前述类型的底切也被建议用于US 5,385,124中公开的滚子挺杆。然而，此底切不用于接收轴承销的填隙材料，而是用于接收弹性挡环，所述弹性挡环用作浮动安装在接收孔内的轴承销的非变形的销端部的形状配合接合轴向止动件。
在所引用的文献中建议的所有升程传递部件的共同特征在于，为实现耐磨的目的，它们的轴承销在其滚子的滚道的区域内被硬化。但如果轴承销被填隙，则考虑到填隙过程所伴随的材料流动，强制地要求轴承销的前端应足够得软。然而，沿其长度带有非均匀硬度值的这样的轴承销仅能够通过复杂且因此成本高的热处理方法实现。端部仅具有低硬度的轴承销的另外的缺点由如下事实导致，即其填隙的销端部必须不仅通过形状配合的接合而且通过力锁定而固定在接收孔内。此原因是轴承销的未通过力锁定而被固定在接收孔内的且因旋转中的滚子的摩擦力而旋转的软的销端部可能在其外周上受到与壳体的接触摩擦，使得它们可能受到损及其轴向固定功能的影响且因此被剪切折断。轴承销在接收孔内的不仅通过形状配合的接合而且大体上通过力锁定的固定可能在如下情况中导致问题，即其中升程传递部件的壳体必须满足特殊的空间要求，例如对于初始提及的圆柱形滚子挺杆的情况。一般地，这些滚子挺杆安装在其纵向引导件内而带有仅数个微米的引导间隙，使得在滚子的区域内一般地构造为带有薄壁的壳体的变形因为轴承销的填隙所导致的径向扩宽的接收孔而导致壳体的不允许的大的失圆。
如在所引用的文献US 5,385,124中所建议，当然可通过使用轴向均匀地淬透硬化的轴承销来克服此一系列缺点，该轴承销的前端不变形且所述轴承销浮动安装在其接收孔内，同时通过借助于弹性挡环的形状配合的接合而被轴向固定。虽然轴承销由于简化的热处理而能够经济地制造，但即使在此情况中仍存在用于弹性挡环及其组装以及用于在壳体内形成接收弹性挡环的底切的增加成本的额外花费。
轴承销在其端部处在完全淬透硬化的状态下被扩宽以通过形状配合的接合而将所述端部固定在壳体内的前述类型的方法从文献DE 102006 054 406 A1中已知，所述文献被视作限定了此方法类型。在已知为径向点铆接的名称的这一方法中，通过铆接模具而实现销端部的径向扩宽，所述铆接模具的纵向轴线穿过在与轴承销同心的圆锥形内滚摆的环线。由于高的接触力，轴承销的前端的材料在滚摆移动的过程中相继地变形。然而，由于穿过环线所要求的相对长的加工时间且因此抵消了制造升程传递部件的短的周期时间，所以导致了此方法的重要缺点。
发明内容
因此，本发明的任务是提供用于制造升程传递部件的前述类型的改进的方法，以所述方法通过简单措施的实施消除了前述缺点。另外的任务是尽可能降低使得淬透硬化的销端部变形所要求的加工时间。
本发明的这些任务和其他任务根据如下详细描述将变得显见。
本发明通过如下事实实现了以上任务，即轴承销的硬度最高为780HV，销端部的一个销端部的径向扩宽借助于成形模具实现，所述成形模具轴向平行于轴承销行进且将力在轴承销的外周和前端表面之间的过渡区域内施加到销端部。
通过本申请人执行的测试已令人惊奇地示出即使在此上部硬度范围内也可使销端部充分地径向变形，以实现所要求的形状配合的接合，且即使成形模具在直线上且轴向平行于轴承销行进且使得销端部上的所有接触点同时变形也可实现所述径向变形而没有材料剥离或破裂，而在软的销端部填隙的情况中基本上会出现剥离或破裂。本发明因此将有利的软的销端部填隙的短的加工时间和周期时间与有利的均匀淬透硬化的轴承销的低制造成本结合在一起。
根据本发明的另外的发展，成形模具包括凹陷，所述凹陷接收销端部且顺着圆形或圆弧形的路径而接触轴承销的外周和前端表面之间的过渡区域。相比之下，在轴承销的填隙期间，软的销端部通过其前端表面被冲压的事实而径向变形，在此情况中通常的冲压几何形状是销端部的前端表面上的圆形或圆弧形沟槽。凹陷优选地成形为使其直径在其底部的方向上连续降低。特别地，凹陷应具有圆锥部分或球部分的圆形截头体的形状。
此外，轴承销的未扩展的直径应小于接收孔的直径。因为轴承销因此具有径向间隙且因为轴承销此情况中仅通过形状配合的接合而固定在接收孔内，所以不存在施加在接收孔上的径向力，使得不仅保证了壳体形状的高的稳定性，而且不要求接收孔的特殊的配合或表面质量，这具有低生产成本的优点。此外，径向间隙允许轴承销相对于接收孔的自动旋转以在滚子的区域内具有均匀的表面载荷，使得进一步改进了在轴承销和滚子-包括可使用的任何滚动元件-之间的接触区域内的防表面磨损的安全性。
作为径向间隙的替代或补充，为获得壳体的高的形状稳定性，将轴承销带有轴向间隙地固定在接收孔内也能够是有利的。在此情况中，能够防止由于在轴承销的前端之间的轴向作用卡紧力而导致的壳体变形。如果壳体构造为大体上圆柱形的形状，例如构造为用于燃料直喷式的内燃机的高压燃料泵的薄壁泵挺杆，则仅通过形状配合的接合来固定轴承销对于保证壳体的形状稳定性是特别有利的。
作为以上所述的实施例的替代，本发明进一步包括将轴承销不带有轴向间隙和/或径向间隙地固定在接收孔内。在径向无间隙固定的情况中，除在接收孔内的紧密滑动配合的有限的情况之外，轴承销不仅以形状配合的接合连接到壳体而且另外通过干涉配合而被力锁定到壳体。
附图说明
本发明的另外的特征根据如下的描述和图示了本发明的一个典型实施例的附图将变得显见。如果不另外陈述，则相同或类似的功能特征或部件以相同的附图标号指示。附图以高度简化的形式部分地示出：
图1示出了未变形的轴承销和应用于轴承销的成形模具；
图2示出了作为图1的细节X的、变形的销端部的轮廓；和
图3示出了本质上已知类型的指杆气门系。
具体实施方式
本发明的实现升程传递部件的方法将在从图3开始解释，所述图3示出了内燃机1的本质上已知的指杆气门系的部分的截面图。在此优选的使用情况中，升程传递部件2构造为大的串联式指杆，所述指杆以一端枢转地安装在支承元件3上且通过另一端将凸轮4的升程传递到排气门5。指杆2包括壳体，所述壳体在本情况中构造为具有相对于指杆的中心轴线对称的杆体的形式，且包括两个平行的侧壁6，所述侧壁6相互分开且包括对准的接收孔，且所述指杆2进一步包括固定在接收孔内的轴承销7、和通过滚针轴承而安装在轴承销7上且因此以低摩擦承受凸轮4的升程的滚子8。轴承销7在其整个轴向长度上被淬透硬化，且具有在650HV至780HV(维氏硬度)的范围内的芯硬度。
用于将轴承销7固定在接收孔9内的成形方法在图1和图2中绘出，其中分别图示通过成形模具11径向扩宽之前的和之后的、超过两个接收孔9突出的销端部10。冲压模具11在平行于轴承销7的纵向轴线的方向上行进，如箭头所图示，且包括具有圆锥的圆形截头体的形式的凹陷12，所述凹陷12向着轴承销7开口，以接收销端部10且在最大载荷下圆形地接触轴承销7的外周与前端表面之间的过渡区域。图2中所示的销端部10的变形由于销端部10的径向扩宽而导致轴承销7形状配合地接合到两个侧壁6，而所述变形已在轴承销7通过成形模具11的一个单个的加载操作之后实现。
由此获得的连接有效地仅是形状配合的接合，因为一方面轴承销7固定在接收孔9内而带有可觉察的轴向间隙，且另一方面轴承销7的未扩宽的直径小于接收孔9的直径，使得作为由此形成的径向间隙的结果，在接收孔9内不存在力锁定的连接。
附图标号列表
1  内燃机
2  升程传递部件/指杆(finger lever)
3  支承元件
4  凸轮
5  排气门
6  壳体/侧壁
7  轴承销
8  滚子
9  接收孔
10 销端部
11 成形模具
12 成形模具的凹陷

Claims (5)

1.一种升程传递部件(2)的制造方法，特别地是用于内燃机(1)的换气气门系或燃料泵驱动的所述升程传递部件(2)的制造方法，所述升程传递部件(2)包括：壳体(6)、固定在所述壳体(6)的接收孔(9)内的轴承销(7)和通过滑动轴承或滚子轴承而安装在所述轴承销(7)上的滚子(8)，所述轴承销(7)在整个轴向长度上被淬透硬化到具有至少650HV的芯硬度，且淬透硬化的所述轴承销(7)的销端部(10)相对于接收孔(9)径向扩宽，以使得所述轴承销(7)能够通过形状配合的接合而连接到所述壳体(6)，其特征在于，所述轴承销(7)的硬度最高为780HV，所述销端部(10)的一个销端部的径向扩宽借助于成形模具(11)实现，所述成形模具(11)轴向平行于所述轴承销(7)行进且在所述轴承销(7)的外周与前端表面之间的过渡区域内向所述销端部(10)施加力。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述成形模具(11)包括凹陷(12)，用以接收销端部(10)，且所述凹陷(12)顺着圆形或圆弧形路径而接触所述轴承销(7)的外周与前端表面之间的过渡区域。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述凹陷(12)的直径在所述凹陷(12)的底部的方向上连续减小。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述轴承销(7)的非扩宽直径小于所述接收孔(9)的直径。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述轴承销(7)带有轴向间隙地固定在所述接收孔(9)内。
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DE102009032143A1 (de) 2011-01-13
US20110005073A1 (en) 2011-01-13
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KR101626188B1 (ko) 2016-05-31

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