CN102413537A - Routing method for load balancing between multiple sink nodes of wireless sensor network - Google Patents
Routing method for load balancing between multiple sink nodes of wireless sensor network Download PDFInfo
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- CN102413537A CN102413537A CN2010102923520A CN201010292352A CN102413537A CN 102413537 A CN102413537 A CN 102413537A CN 2010102923520 A CN2010102923520 A CN 2010102923520A CN 201010292352 A CN201010292352 A CN 201010292352A CN 102413537 A CN102413537 A CN 102413537A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a routing method for load balancing between multiple sink nodes of a wireless sensor network. The method comprises the following steps that: step one, a sink node carries out broadcasting transmission on an RINIT broadcasting command packet that is used for establishing a sink gradient; step two, a sensor node that has received the RINIT broadcasting command packet parses the content of the RINIT broadcasting command packet as well as sets or updates a distance/ hop count of from the senor node itself to the sink node; step three, the sink node sends an RCTL command packet that is used for adjusting region division when necessary; step four, a sensor node that has received the RCTL command packet parses the content of the RCTL command packet as well as arranges or updates a target sink node of the sensor node itself according to the content of the RCTL command packet to realize region adjustment; and step five, the step four is repeated until the adjusted regions of the sensor nodes satisfy requirements of the RCTL command packet. According to the method disclosed in the invention, control costs of a wireless sensor network system are substantially reduced; calculating costs are low; efficiency is high; and network service life is effectively prolonged.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the radio sensing network technical field, relate to load balancing method for routing between a kind of poly concourse nodes of wireless sense network.
Background technology
Wireless sensor network can cooperate ground detection in real time, tracking and collection network lay various environment or the information of monitoring target in the zone, and to these information work in coordination with, fusion treatment, obtain conclusion comparatively accurately, be sent to the user then.Sensing node generally adopts powered battery, and its big characteristics are energy constraints.Another important feature of sensor network is to use specificity.To upload data message entropy and incident accuracy rate in order improving, often to need polymorphic type transducer, multi-node collaborative information processing between network node, and require to realize the seamless covering of area to be monitored.Therefore, sensor network has node layout density height, and node perceived information has characteristics such as redundancy.In addition, wireless sensor network does not rely on fixing infrastructure, and network node requires to have self organization ability.
Most simple datas are collected application scenarios such as environment measuring, industrial detection etc.; The network organization form of the single aggregation node of more employing (Sink); The reliability of whole network, extensibility receive the restriction of this Sink node, and network can't treatment S ink node failure problem.Therefore,, adopts the sensor network of reality many Sink pattern in using mostly.
The characteristics of data traffic are a large amount of sensor node perception datas in the wireless sensor network, then to aggregation node (being the Sink node) aggregate transmission.Performance of route protocol in the transmission course is the key factor that influences network performance.In many Sink sensor network is used; Routing Protocol arrives many Sink node with the load allocating of whole network; Generally adopt nearest Sink strategy (nearest Sink scheme, NS mechanism), promptly the nearest Sink node of sensor node chosen distance oneself is as the destination node of data packet transmission; Guarantee the minimum hop count of sensor node, minimize the energy consumption of network to the Sink node.Because characteristics such as the data of wireless sensor network sensing node perception have continuously, uncertainty; Because of the sensing node perception task of zones of different is different, node produces data volume difference, the i.e. disequilibrium of sensor network data on the diverse geographic location; And NS mechanism load area is divided inhomogeneous; Cause some Sink load overweight, because of transmitting too much data depleted of energy, have a strong impact on the useful life of network near the node of Sink.Thus it is clear that, be the load allocating problem between each Sink during the network operation based on a key issue of the sensor network of many Sink.Therefore other idle Sink are adjusted in the fractional load of Sink of how will transshipping, and avoiding indivedual Sink loads overweight is a problem of needing solution badly.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: load balancing method for routing between a kind of poly concourse nodes of wireless sense network is provided, and this method expense is little, and efficient is high.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention adopts following technical scheme.
The load balancing method for routing may further comprise the steps between a kind of poly concourse nodes of wireless sense network:
Step 1, aggregation node broadcasting is sent in order to set up the RINIT broadcasting command bag of convergence gradient;
Step 2, the sensing node that receives said RINIT broadcasting command bag is resolved the content of RINIT broadcasting command bag, and according to the content setting of said RINIT broadcasting command bag or upgrade the distance/jumping figure of sensing node self to aggregation node; The concrete implementation procedure of said step 2 is:
Behind A1, the sensing node electrifying startup, if receive said RINIT broadcasting command bag for the first time, then sensing node is set self distance to the aggregation node that sends said RINIT broadcasting command bag;
A2, if said sensing node had been received said RINIT broadcasting command bag, then sensing node is set or is upgraded self distance to the aggregation node that sends said RINIT broadcasting command bag;
Whether the aggregation node that said RINIT broadcasting command bag is sent in A3, judgement is from the nearest aggregation node of said sensing node, if then stop forwarding said RINIT broadcasting command bag, if not then continue to transmit said RINIT broadcasting command bag.
Step 3, said aggregation node is transferred to the data volume of said aggregation node according to adjacent aggregation node subordinate's sensing node, confirms the zoning of said adjacent aggregation node; Said aggregation node sends the RCTL order bag that adjustment region is divided as required; In the step 3, said aggregation node is periodic judges that adjacent aggregation node subordinate's sensing node is transferred to the data volume of said aggregation node, confirms the zoning of said adjacent aggregation node.
Step 4; The sensing node that receives said RCTL order bag is resolved the content of RCTL order bag; Obtain the address of the adjacent aggregation node that needs adjustment and the area size that needs adjustment; And, realize the zone adjustment according to the content setting of said RCTL order bag or the purpose aggregation node of renewal sensing node self; The implementation procedure of step 4 is: after said sensing node is received RCTL order bag, judge at first whether self node handled said RCTL order bag after, if then stop forwarding said RCTL order bag; Otherwise judge that whether self node is in the regional extent that said aggregation node need adjust, if then adjust the purpose Sink node of self, continues to transmit said RCTL order bag, otherwise abandons said RCTL order bag.
Step 5, repeating step four satisfies up to the adjusted zone of sensing node till the requirement of said RCTL order bag.
As a kind of preferred version of the present invention, said RINIT broadcasting command bag comprises that Sink node types, source address, the maximum of sending RINIT broadcasting command bag spread jumping figure, receive the jumping figure/distance of the sensing node of RINIT broadcasting command bag to the Sink node.
As another kind of preferred version of the present invention, said RCTL order comprises Sink node types, source address, the source sequence number of sending the RCTL order, the purpose Sink address of node of wanting adjustable range, adjusting jumping figure/distance, life cycle.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: because the route in the method for the invention always is in the state of having set up; When data are sent, can send immediately, significantly reduce the control expense of wireless sensor network system, computing cost is little; Efficient is high, has effectively prolonged network life.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 sends the schematic flow sheet that route is set up frame for aggregation node among the present invention;
Fig. 2 sets up the process chart of frame to the route that receives for sensing node among the present invention;
Fig. 3 sends the schematic flow sheet of RCTL frame for aggregation node among the present invention;
Fig. 4 for sensing node among the present invention to receiving the process chart of RCTL frame;
Fig. 5 is the schematic flow sheet of node transmission data among the present invention;
Fig. 6 sets up the form sketch map of frame for route among the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the form sketch map of RCTL frame among the present invention.
Embodiment
The characteristics that the incident amount of information was directly proportional with the event area size when the present invention was evenly distributed according to information; In order to prolong network life; Reduce computing cost as far as possible; Under the poly concourse nodes situation,, load balancing method for routing between a kind of adaptive wireless sense network poly concourse nodes is proposed to the characteristics of wireless sensor network.The main thought of load balancing method for routing of the present invention is: in radio sensing network, according to the characteristics of sensing net data flow, sensing node is regulated the purpose Sink node of transfer of data according to the control frame self adaptation that the Sink node that receives sends.
Do further explain below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing specific embodiments of the invention.
Embodiment one
Present embodiment provides load balancing method for routing between a kind of poly concourse nodes of wireless sense network, and this method is based on that nearest Sink strategy realizes, mainly comprises following two parts content:
One, the load balancing method for routing in aggregation node (Sink node) compass of competency:
1), during initialization, each aggregation node (Sink node) sends route and sets up frame RINIT, the sensing node that receives RINIT obtains the own minimum hop count that arrives each Sink node through the broadcasting of this frame;
2), sensing node is selected the purpose Sink node of the minimum aggregation node of jumping figure as transfer of data;
3), sensing node is according to the energy consumption situation of self some father node, selects the slowest father node of energy consumption speed as next-hop node.
Two, load balancing method for routing between aggregation node (Sink node):
1), a certain Sink node is to detect the rate of received data of each Sink node than large period TS; If the ratio of the rate of received data of adjacent S ink node surpasses thresholding α; Then the slow Sink node of inbound pacing sends RCTL (control) frame, regulates the quantity of the sensing node that is transferred to the fast Sink node of inbound pacing; Wherein thresholding α is the sensing node that is transferred to adjacent S ink node for fear of re-adjustments, and its effect is to guarantee to be transferred to when the data volume of adjacent S ink node is more or less the same not regulate, wherein α＞1.
2), sensing node changes former purpose Sink node according to the RCTL frame that receives, or selects the new purpose Sink node of the minimum aggregation node of jumping figure as transfer of data.
Embodiment two
Present embodiment is an example with following supposing the system, has introduced the concrete implementation procedure of load balancing method for routing between the poly concourse nodes of wireless sense network according to the invention in detail.
The at first supposition that meets the following conditions of system:
1, be laid with N sensing node in the network, and N sensing node has identical primary power;
2, there be M aggregation node (Sink node) in the network, intercom mutually through wired or other wireless channels between the Sink node;
3, the whole aggregation nodes in the network have identical wireless coverage radius with sensing node, and channel is symmetrical.
Specify the implementation procedure of the method for the invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
[the route initialization procedure of aggregation node]
With reference to Fig. 1; During initialization; Aggregation node (Sink node) sends route and sets up frame RINIT, and the frame format of RINIT is as shown in Figure 6, wherein comprises the maximum radius of this frame diffusion and the jumping figure that arrives aggregation node; Type is meant the Sink node types of sending RINIT broadcasting command bag; Source address is meant the source address of the Sink node that sends RINIT broadcasting command bag, and maximum diffusion jumping figure/distance is meant the size of the existence radius TTL in the RINIT broadcast packet, is meant the sensing node that the receives RINIT broadcasting command bag jumping figure/distance to the Sink node to the jumping figure/distance of aggregation node.Said route set up maximum diffusion radius that frame RINIT sets up can be along with the change of using flexible configuration, the flow process of this frame of aggregation node broadcasting is following:
The S1-1Sink node powers on;
S1-2 is provided with timer, waits for that it is overtime;
The S1-3 timer expiry, aggregation node (Sink node) sends route and sets up frame RINIT broadcast packet.
[route is set up the processing of frame RINIT]
With reference to Fig. 2, the handling process that route is set up frame RINIT is:
The S2-1 sensing node receives said route and sets up frame RINIT broadcast packet;
The S2-2 sensing node judge said route set up in the frame RINIT broadcast packet self to the jumping figure of Sink node whether greater than self forwarding S2-3 if not to, if forward S2-4 in the routing table to the jumping figure of Sink node;
The S2-3 sensing node is revised and is added routing table, and the life span of route is set, and life span is to this route of after date deletion;
The S2-4 sensing node reduces route and sets up the existence radius TTL in the frame RINIT broadcast packet, increases self jumping figure to the Sink node, judges that then TTL whether greater than zero, if then forward S2-5 to, otherwise forwards S2-6 to;
S2-5 transmits this route and sets up frame RINIT broadcast packet;
S2-6 abandons this route and sets up frame RINIT broadcast packet.
[the resource adjustments process between aggregation node]
With reference to Fig. 3; Aggregation node (Sink node) periodically detects Data Receiving speed between adjacent S ink node; If the ratio of the Data Receiving speed of adjacent S ink node surpasses thresholding α, send the RCTL frame, its frame format such as Fig. 7; Comprise the broadband length that will regulate in the RCTL frame, the width value of adjusting can be along with the change flexible configuration of using.Type among Fig. 7 is meant the Sink node types of sending the RCTL order; Source address is meant the source address of the Sink node that sends the RCTL order; Source sequence number is meant the sequence number of the Sink node that sends the RCTL order; Destination address is meant the purpose Sink address of node that the sensing node of wanting adjustable range is about to be adjusted to, and is meant the term of validity of the routing table after the adjusting life cycle.
The adjusting flow process is following:
The S3-1Sink node powers on;
S3-2 is provided with timer, waits for that it is overtime;
The S3-3 timer expiry judges whether the ratio of the Data Receiving speed of adjacent S ink node surpasses thresholding α, then changes S3-4 if surpass; Otherwise change S3-5;
S3-4 calculates and regulates the jumping figure that sensing node changes purpose Sink node, and the slower Sink node of rate of received data sends the RCTL frame in the adjacent S ink node;
S3-5 finishes.
[processing of RCRL frame]
With reference to Fig. 4, the handling process of RCRL frame is:
The S4-1 sensing node is received the RCRL frame;
The S4-2 sensing node judges whether oneself handled this frame, if change S4-5, otherwise changes S4-3;
The S4-3 sensing node is judged oneself whether in the adjustable range of this frame, if change S4-4, otherwise changes S4-5;
The purpose Sink node of S4-4 sensing node adjustment self is broadcasted this RCRL frame;
S4-5 abandons this frame.
[transmission courses of data]
With reference to Fig. 5, data source nodes is according to the purpose Sink node of RCTL frame that receives or nearest Sink (NS) policy selection transfer of data, and the intermediate data handling process is:
The S5-1 sensing node is received data;
The S5-2 sensing node judges whether oneself is the destination node of transfer of data, if then finish; Otherwise change S5-3;
The S5-3 sensing node writes down route, and the life span of route is set;
The S5-4 sensing node according to the routing table of self node, continues to transmit data.
Sensing node energy, computing capability that the present invention is directed to wireless sensor network etc. is limited, the intensive at random laying of node, aggregation node be than the resourceful characteristics of sensing node; Different according to sensing node perception task; Consider load balancing between different aggregation nodes emphatically; Effectively prolong the network system life-span, improve network extensibility.In the large-scale wireless sensing network; After aggregation node is confirmed the zoning of adjacent aggregation node; Make the sensing node in adjacent aggregation node zone can change the purpose aggregation node that the node perceived transfer of data arrives through the method for the invention, sensing node can a jumping or multi-hop arrival purpose aggregation node after changing.
Here description of the invention and application is illustrative, is not to want with scope restriction of the present invention in the above-described embodiments.Here the distortion of the embodiment that is disclosed and change are possible, and the replacement of embodiment is known with the various parts of equivalence for those those of ordinary skill in the art.Those skilled in the art are noted that under the situation that does not break away from spirit of the present invention or substantive characteristics, and the present invention can be with other forms, structure, layout, ratio, and realize with other elements, material and parts.
Claims (6)
1. load balancing method for routing between the poly concourse nodes of a wireless sense network is characterized in that, said method for routing may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, aggregation node broadcasting is sent in order to set up the RINIT broadcasting command bag of convergence gradient;
Step 2, the sensing node that receives said RINIT broadcasting command bag is resolved the content of RINIT broadcasting command bag, and according to the content setting of said RINIT broadcasting command bag or upgrade the distance/jumping figure of sensing node self to aggregation node;
Step 3, said aggregation node is transferred to the data volume of said aggregation node according to adjacent aggregation node subordinate's sensing node, confirms the zoning of said adjacent aggregation node; Said aggregation node sends the RCTL order bag that adjustment region is divided as required;
Step 4; The sensing node that receives said RCTL order bag is resolved the content of RCTL order bag; Obtain the address of the adjacent aggregation node that needs adjustment and the area size that needs adjustment; And, realize the zone adjustment according to the content setting of said RCTL order bag or the purpose aggregation node of renewal sensing node self;
Step 5, repeating step four satisfies up to the adjusted zone of sensing node till the requirement of said RCTL order bag.
2. load balancing method for routing between the poly concourse nodes of wireless sense network according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the concrete implementation procedure of said step 2 is:
Behind A1, the sensing node electrifying startup, if receive said RINIT broadcasting command bag for the first time, then sensing node is set self distance to the aggregation node that sends said RINIT broadcasting command bag;
A2, if said sensing node had been received said RINIT broadcasting command bag, then sensing node is set or is upgraded self distance to the aggregation node that sends said RINIT broadcasting command bag;
Whether the aggregation node that said RINIT broadcasting command bag is sent in A3, judgement is from the nearest aggregation node of said sensing node, if then stop forwarding said RINIT broadcasting command bag, if not then continue to transmit said RINIT broadcasting command bag.
3. load balancing method for routing between the poly concourse nodes of wireless sense network according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: in the step 3; Said aggregation node is periodic judges that adjacent aggregation node subordinate's sensing node is transferred to the data volume of said aggregation node, confirms the zoning of said adjacent aggregation node.
4. load balancing method for routing between the poly concourse nodes of wireless sense network according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; The implementation procedure of step 4 is: after said sensing node is received RCTL order bag; After judging at first whether self node handled said RCTL order bag, if then stop forwarding said RCTL order bag; Otherwise judge that whether self node is in the regional extent that said aggregation node need adjust, if then adjust the purpose Sink node of self, continues to transmit said RCTL order bag, otherwise abandons said RCTL order bag.
5. load balancing method for routing between the poly concourse nodes of wireless sense network according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said RINIT broadcasting command bag comprises the Sink node types, source address, the maximum diffusion jumping figure that send RINIT broadcasting command bag, receives the jumping figure/distance of the sensing node of RINIT broadcasting command bag to the Sink node.
6. load balancing method for routing between the poly concourse nodes of wireless sense network according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said RCTL order comprises Sink node types, source address, the source sequence number of sending the RCTL order, the purpose Sink address of node of wanting adjustable range, adjusting jumping figure/distance, life cycle.
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