CN102695237B - Routing method for supporting random moving mobile sensing network - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a routing method for supporting a random moving mobile sensing network. By using a clustered routing algorithm, a cluster head is selected and is not changed after being changed. The position of each node is determined through a global position system (GPS), the radius of each node is monitored, the sensing range of each node is calculated, overlapped nodes within the sensing range are determined as spare cluster head nodes, and when energy of cluster head nodes is reduced to be at a preset threshold value, the cluster head nodes transmit information to notify the spare cluster head nodes to work instead of the cluster head nodes, an open shortest path protocol is adopted in a stable transmission stage, and loads can be effectively balanced. When a mobile node enters a sensing area of the mobile sensor network, the geographical position, the moving speed and the moving direction information are transmitted in a flooding mode, and a cluster which the moving node is added into is determined according to a score value calculated by the cluster head.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is a kind of energy-conservation radio sensing network solution of supporting random mobile node.Be mainly used in solving in wireless sense network and process indivedual node motion and energy-conservation problem, belong to computer network, wireless sensor network and Embedded interleaving techniques field.
Background technology
The development of sensor technology, embedded computing technique, modern network and wireless communication technology, distributed information processing etc., makes to become more and more cheap with the wireless sensor node of wireless communication ability, computing capability, storage capacity and battery supply.Wireless sensor network is extensively configured in the application of various different stages; as medical monitoring, crops soil monitoring, border protection, navigation aviation exploration, battlefield and enemy's environment are scouted and various training and supervision application, as urgent preparation and response.Wireless sensor network becomes study hotspot field, current emerging forward position that receive much concern in the world, that intersected by multidisciplinary height.
In the research and application of traditional wireless sensor network, sensor node is to keep motionless, as risk of forest fire monitoring and crops soil environment monitoring, only sensor node need to be distributed in to sensing region statically, but under many circumstances, sensor node is to need to move.Cause the reason of node motion to have a lot, as having movably platform (as the soldier in robot, battle reconnaissance in target following) in (as in the environment of wind or water) affected by environment, deployment region or use mobile device (as aircraft and vehicle) in wireless sensor network structural design.Due to movement, sensor node changes possibly their position after initial deployment, and the movement of node causes original network connection fracture, route interruption, data message normally not to collect and to transmit.The movement of sensor node makes to design the change that new Routing Protocol adapts to network topology structure.
In the present invention, movable sensor net is made up of the mobile node disperseing and part static node, and mobile node, except having sensing, calculating and the communication capacity of conventional node, also has certain maneuverability.
For some dangerous situations and dynamic environment object, as dangerous material leakage in disaster scene emergency relief, building etc., traditional wireless sensor network disposition method implements and even lost efficacy very difficult, and the maneuverability of mobile sensor network is readily solved problem.
Network layer Routing Protocol is the support technology of a kind of key of wireless sensor network, and the quality of Routing Protocol directly has influence on the performance of network.The feature of mobile sensor network makes the Routing Protocol of mobile sensor network both be different from the Routing Protocol of legacy network, also has difference with the agreement that is applied to the procotol of traditional static wireless sensor network and is applied to mobile Ad hoc net.Legacy network Design of Routing Protocol is mainly the connective and high-quality network service of avoiding network congestion, keeping network, static wireless sensor network route is not considered the mobility of node, and the node that the agreement of mobile Ad hoc net is supported does not exist energy quantitative limitation.With respect to the traditional static sensor network of extensive use, mobile sensor network just causes people's extensive concern in recent years.Node motion makes the design of mobile sensor network routing algorithm become very complicated, want frequent updating path to adapt to the needs of node motion on the one hand, manage again to reduce on the other hand duty ratio, maximized battery life, is conflicting between these two requirements.
Summary of the invention
technical problem:the object of the invention is to solve mobile node and the problem that extends network lifetime in mobile sensor network, build a mobile sensor network model, the life span of utilizing improved Clustering Routing and GPS location to make the stable transmission information of mobile node and extend network.
technical scheme:method of the present invention is a kind of property improved and comprehensive method, combines Routing Protocol and the GPS positioning function of sub-clustering, and in movable sensor net, the translational speed of mobile node is limited to mobile status slowly.Ensure the stable of transmission data by the improvement to Routing Protocol.
one, architecture
Mobile wireless Sensor Network architecture is made up of two parts, the network topology structure of the stationary node composition that part is invariant position, and another part is mobile node single or part.
1. the topological structure of stationary node
Centered by the topological structure that mobile wireless Sensor Network is made up of the stationary node of invariant position, the each node in networking is responsible for the collection of message and the forwarding of packets of message; Which bunch the fractional value that mobile node calculates mobile node according to bunch head, determine to add.
2. mobile node
Mobile node by the information gathering node of a movement and part movably spare cluster head node form,
Mobile information gathering node is responsible for the collection of information and by a suitable bunch head, information is passed to base station.In the time that certain leader cluster node electric weight is not enough, movably spare cluster head node just moves to this bunch position, replaces this bunch of head work.
two, method flow
1. utilize improved Clustering Routing to form static network topology structure
(1) select bunch head
The selection of leader cluster node is according to needed leader cluster node sum in network, and concrete selection way is: each mobile sensor network node is selected a value between 0-1 at random.If selected value is less than some threshold values, this node becomes leader cluster node so.Bunch first dawn is selected just no longer to be changed.
(2) bunch foundation
After selected leader cluster node, inform whole network by broadcast.Other nodes in network determine subordinate which bunch according to the signal strength signal intensity of the information of reception, and notify corresponding leader cluster node, the foundation completing bunch.
(3) stable transfer
Stabilization sub stage, leader cluster node adopt time division multiplexing mode be bunch in each node divide orientation its transmit the time point of data.Adopt open shortest path agreement, utilize this agreement sensing net node that the data of collection are sent to leader cluster node.Leader cluster node to bunch in the data that gather of all nodes carry out sending again aggregation node to after information fusion.
Described OSPF is a kind of algorithm that adopts link-state protocol, and each router is safeguarded an identical LSD, preserves the topological structure of whole autonomous area.Once each router has had complete LSD, this router, taking oneself as root, is constructed shortest path tree, and then according to shortest path structure routing table.For catenet, whole autonomous area is divided into several regions by SPF, and the router in region is safeguarded an identical LSD, preserves the topological structure in this region.SPF router exchanges link-state information each other.
2. determine the spare cluster head node in each bunch
Each node in mobile sensor network obtains the geographical position of oneself by GPS mode, each node has a detection radius and sensing region, if the sensing region of the coincidence of the sensing region of the sensing region of certain node and another node or several nodes has covered the sensing region of certain node, just assert that this node is spare cluster head node.It is spare cluster head node that this spare cluster head node send message informing bunch head oneself to bunch hair of this bunch, and by the geographic location notification leader cluster node of oneself.
3. mobile node gathers message transfer
Enter the mobile node of mobile sensor network surveyed area, determine the geographical position of oneself according to GPS, by the geographical position of oneself, translational speed, moving direction becomes message with the information package that application adds bunch, constantly this message is sent by the method for inundation, each leader cluster node is according to the geographical location information of the mobile node of receiving, the information such as translational speed and moving direction calculates a fractional value and sends to this mobile node, this bunch of more applicable this mobile node of the larger explanation of fractional value, mobile node compares according to the fractional value of receiving.Select optimal bunch and add, and send acknowledge message to this mobile node.Mobile node adds bunch just can send the message of collection.Send message, bunch head is just deleted the route of this mobile node at every turn, and mobile node wants again to send data need send the message that application adds bunch again, repeats above process.
4. spare cluster head node replaces leader cluster node
In the time that the energy of leader cluster node reaches predefined threshold values, which spare cluster head node leader cluster node is determined by and is substituted oneself work according to the positional information of each spare cluster head node, and send message to this spare cluster head node, now this spare cluster head node is waken up, and moves to this bunch position according to the geographical position message of bunch head receiving.Now this bunch of head sends the whole routing iinformations of oneself to this spare cluster head node, and this spare cluster head node just starts to substitute former leader cluster node work.
The step that the random mobile mobile sensor network route method of support of the present invention comprises is:
Step 1). utilize Clustering Routing to select bunch head, the selection of leader cluster node is according to needed leader cluster node sum in network, concrete selection way is: each mobile sensor network node is selected a value between 0-1 at random, if selected value is less than some threshold values, this node becomes leader cluster node so; Select after bunch head, bunch head is gone out the information broadcast of oneself elected bunch head, and a bunch first dawn is just selected and no longer changes;
Step 2). other nodes in network according to the signal strength signal intensity of the information of reception determine subordinate bunch, and notify corresponding leader cluster node, the foundation completing bunch;
Step 3). at network stabilization transmission data phase, leader cluster node adopts time division multiplexing mode, for bunch in each node divide orientation its transmit the time point of data, the data that the node in network adopts OSPF transmission to gather;
Step 4). the each node in network is determined the geographical position of oneself by GPS, each node has a detection radius and sensing region, the sensing region of certain node and the sensing region of other nodes are overlapping, just assert that this node is spare cluster head node, this node just enters resting state, waits for waking up of leader cluster node;
Step 5). mobile node enters behind mobile sensor network sensing region, and by the method for inundation, (the method is a kind of routing algorithm, and algorithm does not require that the topological structure of maintaining network and relevant route calculate, and only requires node with broadcast mode forwarding data bag.) oneself geographical position, translational speed and moving direction information of broadcast; The leader cluster node of receiving message calculates a fractional value according to the information of receiving, and sends to this mobile node;
Step 6). mobile node is selected a bunch head that fractional value is the highest according to the fractional value received, again sends to it message that application adds bunch, and then this mobile node is just crossed this leader cluster node by the information exchange collecting and sent to base station;
Step 7). in the time that leader cluster node electric weight reaches predefined threshold values, leader cluster node sends message according to the location positioning first spare cluster head node of each spare cluster head node in this bunch and to it, wake spare cluster head node up, spare cluster head node, according to the position of leader cluster node, moves to the position of leader cluster node;
Step 8). the whole routing iinformations of oneself are sent to spare cluster head node by leader cluster node, and spare cluster head node just starts to substitute former leader cluster node work.
Described network has adopted open shortest path protocol at stable transfer data phase, can come equalization charges and performance according to the network user's requirement, to select corresponding route.
Each node in described network is determined the geographical position of oneself by GPS, according to the geographical position of each node, monitoring radius and sensing region, calculate spare cluster head node.Spare cluster head node is introduced into resting state.Wait for waking up of leader cluster node, just wake spare cluster head node in the time that leader cluster node dump energy arrives predefined threshold values up, spare cluster head node moves to leader cluster node position and substitutes former leader cluster node work.
Geographical position, translational speed and the moving direction information of described mobile node broadcast oneself, leader cluster node calculates a fractional value according to the sensing region of oneself can give mobile node, and mobile node, according to the fractional value of receiving, selects most suitable bunch to add.
beneficial effect:the inventive method has proposed to solve the method that in mobile sensor network, mobile node transmits message and extends network lifetime.The method that the application of the invention proposes can avoid traditional cluster-dividing method because selecting frequently bunch head occupied bandwidth and catabiotic deficiency, can effectively extend the life span of network, and can pass through the analysis to the various information of mobile node, allow mobile node add applicable bunch, reach the object of supporting mobile node.Provide specific description below.
1. energy-conservation cluster routing method
In the methods of the invention, this based on clustering route protocol, inherit the advantage of Clustering protocol, reduce the interstitial content with base station direct communication, and reduce the loss of communication energy by data aggregation technique, cluster head utilizes data aggregation technique that multiple signal pcls are combined into an effective signal, and the traffic is reduced greatly, has also greatly reduced the consumption of energy.Compared with direct communication mode, the network lifecycle of sub-clustering can extend 4-8 doubly, and clustering route protocol of the present invention contributes to reduce and sends the message occupied bandwidth and the consumed energy that add bunch because of frequent election bunch head and node.Once the topological structure of wireless sensor network forms, bunch head just no longer changes, with regard to the process of electing no longer frequently bunch head and node to add bunch.In the concrete course of work, the node in network only send need gather information, and frequently send bunch information, have
The energy and the bandwidth that help whole network are fully utilized.
2. adopt the Routing Protocol of shortest path
In the stable transfer stage, network using OSPF, with respect to other agreement, shortest path
Footpath priority protocol has many advantages.OSPF is supported various different authentication schemes (as simple password authentication, encrypted authentication etc.), and allows each system or region to adopt mutually different authentication scheme; Load-balancing function is provided, has some the routes that expense is identical if calculate certain point of destination, adopt the node of OSPF that communication flows is distributed to these several routes equably, along these several routes, this grouping is sent; In an autonomous system, can mark off several regions, shortest path is calculated according to the topological structure of oneself in each region, and this has reduced the workload of OSPF route implementing; OSPF belongs to dynamic self-adapted protocol, change and can promptly make a response for topology of networks, adjust accordingly, the short convergence phase is provided, make routing table stabilisation as early as possible, and compared with other Routing Protocol, OSPF only needs minimum communication flows in to the processing procedure of network topology change; OSPF provides point-to-multipoint interface, supports without routing address between type field.This agreement is the own route of broadcast just in the time that network changes only, relatively tries out in this little or have a network of a mobile node.
3. extend network lifetime
In the methods of the invention, utilize GPS technology and node motion technology, can accurately locate the position of each node, in the time of the energy shortage of leader cluster node, secondary node can, according to the geographical position of leader cluster node, move to leader cluster node position, reaches the object of further prolongation network lifetime.
4. support mobile node
Common Clustering protocol is not all considered the problem of mobile node, but the movement of node is again inevitably in the application of actual wireless sense network, as having movably platform (as the soldier in robot, battle reconnaissance in target following) in (as in the environment of wind or water) affected by environment, deployment region or use mobile device (as aircraft and vehicle) in wireless sense network structural design.Due to movement, sensor node changes possibly their position after initial deployment, and the movement of node causes original network connection fracture, route interruption, data message normally not to collect and to transmit.In the present invention, each leader cluster node is according to information such as the position of mobile node, translational speed, moving directions, calculating a fractional value sends to this to move each node, mobile node is according to the fractional value of receiving, select bunch adding of mark maximum, solve due to the node motion problem that detection needs and external environment condition causes, contributed to wireless sensor network more to adapt to the needs of actual monitoring.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is static mobile sensor network architectural schematic.
Fig. 2 be mobile node add wireless sense network and with the mutual schematic diagram of bunch head.
Fig. 3 is that spare cluster head node substitutes leader cluster node schematic diagram.
Embodiment
The present invention is a kind of method of supporting mobile node, can effectively extending mobile sensor network life span, and the model of mobile node of the present invention is translational speed node very slowly, and simultaneously the energy of mobile node is thought enough use.
For a more detailed description to the present invention according to drawings and embodiments below.
As shown in Figure 1, some transportable nodes are spread down in the region of first detecting to needs.Each node obtains the geographical location information of oneself by GPS.And set up mobile sensor network.
1. the network of the node composition sub-clustering under spreading
(1) select bunch head
Each sensor node is selected a value between 0-1 at random.If selected value is less than some threshold values, this node becomes leader cluster node.Once the selected just no longer change of leader cluster node.
(2) foundation bunch
After selected leader cluster node, inform whole network by broadcast.Other nodes in network according to the signal strength signal intensity of the information of reception determine subordinate bunch, and notify corresponding leader cluster node, each node is passed to leader cluster node in the lump information such as the geographical position of oneself, the foundation completing bunch.
(3) stable transfer
In stabilization sub stage, leader cluster node adopt time division multiplexing mode be bunch in each node divide orientation its transmit the time point of data.Adopt open shortest path protocol, calculate two shortest paths between network node and calculate communication cost.Also can come equalization charges and performance according to the network user's requirement, to select corresponding route.While seeking footpath, this node is taking oneself as root, and structure shortest path tree, according to shortest path structure routing table.Node exchanges each other, and preserves the link information of whole network, thereby grasps the topological structure of the whole network, and the independent route of calculating.Utilize this agreement sensor node that the data of collection are sent to leader cluster node.Then leader cluster node to bunch in the data that gather of all nodes carry out sending again aggregation node to after information fusion.
2. determine the spare cluster head node in each bunch
Each node in network has obtained the geographical position of oneself by GPS mode, every as shown in Figure 1
Individual node has a detection radius and sensing region, if the sensing region of certain node and another node
Sensing region overlap or the sensing region of several nodes has covered the sensing region of certain node, assert that this node is this bunch of spare cluster head node.Then spare cluster head node is spare cluster head node to this node of leader cluster node transmission message informing leader cluster node of this bunch.
3. mobile node adds bunch
Enter as required as shown in Figure 2 the mobile node of mobile sensor network monitored area, search out applicable bunch and add, just can the information of collection be sent to aggregation node by leader cluster node.
(1) mobile node enters surveyed area
According to detecting the mobile node that need to enter mobile sensor network surveyed area, determine the geographical position of oneself according to GPS, the message that the geographical location information of oneself, translational speed, moving direction and application are added bunch is packaged into message, then constantly this message is sent by the method for inundation, each leader cluster node calculates a fractional value according to information such as geographical position, translational speed and the moving directions of the mobile node of receiving.
(2) mobile node adds bunch
This fractional value is sent it back this mobile node by each leader cluster node, this bunch of more applicable this mobile node of the larger explanation of fractional value, and mobile node compares and selects bunch adding of fractional value maximum according to the value received.
(3) message transfer
Mobile node adds bunch information that just can send collection.Send information, leader cluster node will be deleted the route of this mobile node at every turn, and mobile node wants again to send message need to send the message that application adds bunch again, repeats above process.
3. spare cluster head node substitutes leader cluster node
Due to the continuous forwarding messages of leader cluster node, consumed energy is than fast many of ordinary node, and in the time of energy shortage, as shown in Figure 3, notice spare cluster head node replaces leader cluster node to extend the operating time of network.
(1) find out suitable spare cluster head node
In the time that starting working, network sets the threshold values of a dump energy to leader cluster node, in the time that leader cluster node energy constantly reduces to this threshold values, leader cluster node is determined most suitable spare cluster head node as the first spare cluster head node according to the positional information of each spare cluster head node.
(2) spare cluster head replaces former leader cluster node work
Leader cluster node sends message to the first spare cluster head node, and the first spare cluster head node is waken up, and moves to this leader cluster node position according to the geographical position message of the leader cluster node of receiving.Former bunch of head is complete by oneself
Portion's routing iinformation sends to this spare cluster head node, and this spare cluster head node replaces leader cluster node work.
Claims (4)
1. support a random mobile mobile sensor network route method, it is characterized in that the step that the method comprises is:
Step 1). utilize Clustering Routing to select bunch head, the selection of leader cluster node is according to needed leader cluster node sum in network, concrete selection way is: each mobile sensor network node is selected a value between 0-1 at random, if selected value is less than some threshold values, this node becomes leader cluster node so; Select after bunch head, bunch head is gone out the information broadcast of oneself elected bunch head, and a bunch first dawn is just selected and no longer changes;
Step 2). other nodes in network according to the signal strength signal intensity of the information of reception determine subordinate bunch, and notify corresponding leader cluster node, the foundation completing bunch;
Step 3). at network stabilization transmission data phase, leader cluster node adopts time division multiplexing mode, for bunch in each node divide orientation its transmit the time point of data, the data that the node in network adopts OSPF transmission to gather;
Step 4). the each node in network is determined the geographical position of oneself by GPS, each node has a detection radius and sensing region, the sensing region of certain node and the sensing region of other nodes are overlapping, just assert that this node is spare cluster head node, this node just enters resting state, waits for waking up of leader cluster node;
Step 5). mobile node enters behind mobile sensor network sensing region, broadcasts geographical position, translational speed and the moving direction information of oneself by the method for inundation; The leader cluster node of receiving message calculates a fractional value according to the information of receiving, and sends to this mobile node;
Step 6). mobile node is selected a bunch head that fractional value is the highest according to the fractional value received, again sends to it message that application adds bunch, and then this mobile node is just crossed this leader cluster node by the information exchange collecting and sent to base station;
Step 7). in the time that leader cluster node electric weight reaches predefined threshold values, leader cluster node sends message according to the location positioning first spare cluster head node of each spare cluster head node in this bunch and to it, wake spare cluster head node up, spare cluster head node, according to the position of leader cluster node, moves to the position of leader cluster node;
Step 8). the whole routing iinformations of oneself are sent to spare cluster head node by leader cluster node, and spare cluster head node just starts to substitute former leader cluster node work.
2. a kind of random mobile mobile sensor network route method of supporting as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that described network has adopted open shortest path agreement at stable transfer data phase, can come equalization charges and performance according to the network user's requirement, to select corresponding route.
3. a kind of random mobile mobile sensor network route method of supporting as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that each node in described network determines the geographical position of oneself by GPS, according to the geographical position of each node, monitoring radius and sensing region, calculate spare cluster head node, spare cluster head node is introduced into resting state, wait for waking up of leader cluster node, in the time that leader cluster node dump energy arrives predefined threshold values, just wake spare cluster head node up, spare cluster head node moves to leader cluster node position and substitutes former leader cluster node work.
4. a kind of random mobile mobile sensor network route method of supporting as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that geographical position, translational speed and the moving direction information of described mobile node broadcast oneself, leader cluster node calculates a fractional value according to geographical position, translational speed and the moving direction information of the mobile node of receiving and sends to mobile node, mobile node, according to the fractional value of receiving, selects most suitable bunch to add.
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| CN101094189A (en) * | 2007-08-10 | 2007-12-26 | 中控科技集团有限公司 | System of wireless sensor network, and cluster routing method based on the system |
| CN102014398A (en) * | 2010-09-21 | 2011-04-13 | 上海大学 | Optimal deployment method of large-scale industrial wireless sensor network based on differential evolution algorithm |
| KR101072448B1 (en) | 2010-04-27 | 2011-10-11 | 강원대학교산학협력단 | Wireless sensor network system and clustering method thereof |
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| CN101094189A (en) * | 2007-08-10 | 2007-12-26 | 中控科技集团有限公司 | System of wireless sensor network, and cluster routing method based on the system |
| KR101072448B1 (en) | 2010-04-27 | 2011-10-11 | 강원대학교산학협력단 | Wireless sensor network system and clustering method thereof |
| CN102014398A (en) * | 2010-09-21 | 2011-04-13 | 上海大学 | Optimal deployment method of large-scale industrial wireless sensor network based on differential evolution algorithm |
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