CN102412593A - Grid-connected generation control method for photovoltaic power generation converter - Google Patents
Grid-connected generation control method for photovoltaic power generation converter Download PDFInfo
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- CN102412593A CN102412593A CN2011103411806A CN201110341180A CN102412593A CN 102412593 A CN102412593 A CN 102412593A CN 2011103411806 A CN2011103411806 A CN 2011103411806A CN 201110341180 A CN201110341180 A CN 201110341180A CN 102412593 A CN102412593 A CN 102412593A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
Abstract
The invention provides a grid-connected generation control method for a photovoltaic power generation converter. The method comprises the following steps of: grid voltage software phase lock, voltage outer loop establishment, current control and grid voltage orientated vector control, wherein the grid voltage software phase lock adopts a software three-phase phase-locked loop method; a phase-locked loop consists of a phase detector, a loop filter and an oscillator; the grid voltage orientated vector control adopts a double-closed-loop cascade control structure, namely a voltage outer loop and a current inner loop; the voltage loop controls a direct-current bus voltage; and the current loop controls an alternating-current side input current. By the method, the orientation is accurate, the direct-current bus voltage is controlled to be stable, and maximum power point tracking control is realized. Deadbeat control design is performed aiming at the current loop, so that the current loop controls the alternating-current side input current according to a current command given by the voltage loop and unit power factor operation is realized. By adopting a feedforward decoupling control method, stable grid-connected operation can be realized.
Description
(1) technical field
The present invention relates to photovoltaic generation unsteady flow control technology, is exactly a kind of control method of generating electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems of photovoltaic generation current transformer specifically.
(2) background technology
Continuous exhaustion and the serious pollution of environment along with conventional energy resource as renewable, free of contamination solar energy, receive much concern.The photovoltaic generation current transformer is the core component in the solar power system, and can the quality of its performance directly concerns efficiently, stable, the safe solar energy that utilizes.The control strategy of photovoltaic generation current transformer is the key point of its performance.
This type of current transformer prior art exists and is difficult to accomplish that orientation is accurate, it is stable to be difficult to effectively control DC bus-bar voltage at present, and the closed-loop control strategy realizes that the control of MPPT maximum power point tracking does not reach quick and precisely stable tracking purpose.There is certain limitation in space vector control based on PI control in traditional product.Shortcoming and defect such as the susceptibility that other inverter controllers exist is simple in structure, be not provided with feedback path, system parameters usually is higher, the electric current dynamic response is slow, current distortion is more serious.
(3) summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of control method of generating electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems of photovoltaic generation current transformer.
The objective of the invention is to realize like this: the control method of generating electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems of described photovoltaic generation current transformer; It comprises line voltage software locks phase, outer voltage foundation, Current Control and the control of line voltage directional vector; Described line voltage software locks adopts the method for software three-phase phase-locked loop mutually; Phase-locked loop is made up of phase discriminator, loop filter and oscillator, at first through coordinate transform three-phase voltage is transformed under the d-q coordinate system, for making the complete homophase of d axle component and voltage vector; Set q shaft voltage reference value vq_ref=0, with the angular deviation of q shaft voltage deviate vq_err as phase discriminator output; Output obtains frequency through pi regulator, obtains angle value through an integral element again, when only having the positive sequence fundametal compoment in the line voltage; Steady-state value is a DC quantity under its d-q coordinate system, is zero through control q axle component, realizes the phase frequency locking; When line voltage q axle component is constant when being zero; Phase-locked loop has accurately locked electric network voltage phase, because closed loop configuration has been adopted in phase-locked loop inside, can effectively suppress the interference that the slight disturbance of electrical network brings phase-detection; It is to be with the Voltage loop design of Controller that described outer voltage is set up:
In the formula:
is the active current value;
is DC bus-bar voltage;
is meritorious line voltage value;
is proportional gain factor;
is integral coefficient;
is integrating factor, and
is the Voltage loop reference voltage;
Wherein obtain after the MPPT maximum power point tracking control adjustment of Voltage loop reference voltage
through the photovoltaic storage battery; Described Current Control adopts the dead beat control of current forecasting; Be based upon two cordic phase rotators system down; Adopt space vector modulating method; The fast dynamic response of electric current loop under the switching frequency is decided in realization, the Mathematical Modeling of three-phase PWM controller under
coordinate system is rewritten into discrete mode is:
If major control cycle and PWM cycle are all
; Because processor calculating needs certain hour; In real system, there is control time-delay
between sampled point and the PWM updated time; Wherein
is the time-delay factor and
, and the discrete mathematics model of system will become in actual like this
control cycle:
In order to eliminate the control time-delay; Observer through designing proper can successfully predict target current value constantly; Adopt a kind of pair of sampling time sequence to realize the current forecasting algorithm; Carry out double sampling in cycle at a PWM; The current value of the j time sampling of
expression; Wherein
; Like this because this controller adopts space vector modulation technique; The PWM that is distributed in of voltage vector is symmetrical in the cycle; Be designated as
respectively, ignore the variation of line voltage and the influence of resistive term, have following equality to set up:
To sum up the electric current measured value predicts that the current value of the j time sampling is:
Pass through current forecasting; Calculate its current value before can arriving constantly at
; And further obtain the output voltage of
inverter through the dead beat control algolithm; Modulate this voltage vector of output by the SVPWM module at
immediately after the arrival, obtain maximizing compensation thereby make calculating delay time; Two closed loop tandem type control structures are adopted in described line voltage directional vector control: outer voltage, current inner loop, the main effect of Voltage loop are the control DC bus-bar voltages; Electric current loop is then controlled the AC side input current according to the current-order that Voltage loop provides; And realize that unity power factor moves; Be specially: line voltage directional vector control algolithm earlier with the line voltage vector through coordinate transform by mutually static vertically
coordinate system of three phase static
coordinate system transformation to two; Rotate
coordinate system by two mutually static vertical
coordinate system transformations to two synchronised again;
axle of
synchronous rotating frame is pressed line voltage vector
orientation; And
of grid side converter ac-side current vector
axle component is active current;
axle component is a reactive current;
component that can find out the converter ac-side current from system mathematic model exists and intercouples;
axle component of side current phasor of being difficult to realize to be incorporated into the power networks is controlled separately, adopts feedforward decoupling zero control for this reason.
The line voltage directional vector control method of the present invention's employing can accomplish that orientation is accurate, the control DC bus-bar voltage is stable, and the realization MPPT maximum power point tracking is controlled.Carry out dead beat control to electric current loop, electric current loop is controlled the AC side input current according to the current-order that Voltage loop provides, and realizes the unity power factor operation.Adopt the feedforward decoupling control method, can realize stable being incorporated into the power networks.
(4) description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the photovoltaic generating system structure chart;
Fig. 2 is a software three-phase voltage phase-locked loop structures block diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a photovoltaic generation current transformer Voltage loop control block diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a current forecasting control timing control block diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is a photovoltaic generation current transformer grid-connected control method block diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is a feedforward decoupling control method block diagram of the present invention.
(5) embodiment
For example the present invention is described further below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Embodiment 1: combine Fig. 2-Fig. 6; The control method of generating electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems of photovoltaic generation current transformer of the present invention; It comprises line voltage software locks phase, outer voltage foundation, Current Control and the control of line voltage directional vector, and described line voltage software locks adopts the method for software three-phase phase-locked loop mutually, and phase-locked loop is made up of phase discriminator, loop filter and oscillator; At first three-phase voltage is transformed under the d-q coordinate system through coordinate transform; For making the complete homophase of d axle component and voltage vector, set q shaft voltage reference value vq_ref=0, with the angular deviation of q shaft voltage deviate vq_err as phase discriminator output; Output obtains frequency through pi regulator, obtains angle value through an integral element again, and when only having the positive sequence fundametal compoment in the line voltage, steady-state value is a DC quantity under its d-q coordinate system, is zero through control q axle component, realizes the phase frequency locking.When line voltage q axle component is constant when being zero, phase-locked loop has accurately locked electric network voltage phase, because closed loop configuration has been adopted in phase-locked loop inside, can effectively suppress the interference that the slight disturbance of electrical network brings phase-detection; It is to be with the Voltage loop design of Controller that described outer voltage is set up:
In the formula:
is the active current value;
is DC bus-bar voltage;
is meritorious line voltage value;
is proportional gain factor;
is integral coefficient;
is integrating factor, and
is the Voltage loop reference voltage.
Wherein obtain after the MPPT maximum power point tracking control adjustment of Voltage loop reference voltage
through the photovoltaic storage battery; Described Current Control adopts the dead beat control of current forecasting; Be based upon two cordic phase rotators system down; Adopt space vector modulating method; The fast dynamic response of electric current loop under the switching frequency is decided in realization, the Mathematical Modeling of three-phase PWM controller under
coordinate system is rewritten into discrete mode is:
If major control cycle and PWM cycle are all
; Because processor calculating needs certain hour; In real system, there is control time-delay
between sampled point and the PWM updated time; Wherein
is the time-delay factor and
, and the discrete mathematics model of system will become in actual like this
control cycle:
In order to eliminate the control time-delay; Observer through designing proper can successfully predict target current value constantly; Adopt a kind of pair of sampling time sequence to realize the current forecasting algorithm; Carry out double sampling in cycle at a PWM; The current value of the j time sampling of
expression; Wherein
; Like this because this controller adopts space vector modulation technique; The PWM that is distributed in of voltage vector is symmetrical in the cycle; Be designated as
respectively, ignore the variation of line voltage and the influence of resistive term, have following equality to set up:
To sum up the electric current measured value predicts that the current value of the j time sampling is:
Pass through current forecasting like this; Calculate its current value before can arriving constantly at
; And further obtain the output voltage of
inverter through the dead beat control algolithm; Modulate this voltage vector of output by the SVPWM module at
immediately after the arrival, obtain maximizing compensation thereby make calculating delay time; Two closed loop tandem type control structures are adopted in described line voltage directional vector control: outer voltage, current inner loop, the main effect of Voltage loop are the control DC bus-bar voltages; Electric current loop is then controlled the AC side input current according to the current-order that Voltage loop provides; And realize that unity power factor moves; Be specially: line voltage directional vector control algolithm earlier with the line voltage vector through coordinate transform by mutually static vertically
coordinate system of three phase static
coordinate system transformation to two; Rotate
coordinate system by two mutually static vertical
coordinate system transformations to two synchronised again;
axle of
synchronous rotating frame is pressed line voltage vector
orientation; And
of grid side converter ac-side current vector
axle component is active current;
axle component is a reactive current;
component that can find out the converter ac-side current from system mathematic model exists and intercouples;
axle component of side current phasor of being difficult to realize to be incorporated into the power networks is controlled separately, adopts feedforward decoupling zero control for this reason.
Embodiment 2: combine Fig. 1-Fig. 6, the present invention is according to the work characteristics of solar power generation, proposed a kind of photovoltaic generation current transformer control strategy that is incorporated into the power networks, and introduced be incorporated into the power networks control principle and method for designing (master control strategy block diagram is seen shown in Figure 3) in detail.
1. single-stage three-phase photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter Mathematical Modeling
Among the figure as shown in Figure 1
;
is respectively each phase line voltage; Electric current; L, C are respectively and are filter inductance, electric capacity; R comprises inductance resistance, switching loss resistance at interior equivalent resistance; C is a dc-link capacitance;
is DC bus-bar voltage.
Define the switching logic function
(where
) is:
The Mathematical Modeling that the VSR switch function is described under three phase coordinate systems is following:
DqThree-phase VSR Mathematical Modeling is under the rotating coordinate system:
Below specifically provide the derivation of three-phase VSR Mathematical Modeling, finally obtained its Mathematical Modeling under synchronous rotating frame.Because the fundametal compoment of each electric weight exists
DqBe presented as DC quantity under the coordinate system, this is with the design of simplified control system greatly.On the other hand, choose the conduct of line voltage vector usually
DqThe reference vector of rotating coordinate system, promptly
dAxle overlaps with the line voltage vector, like this
dAxle promptly becomes meritorious reference axis,
qAxle is no for reference axle, with this realize for three-phase VSR gain merit, the decoupling zero control of reactive power etc.
2. the photovoltaic generation current transformer control of being incorporated into the power networks
2. 1 line voltage software locks phase
Owing to adopted the control of line voltage directional vector, need obtain the phase information of line voltage exactly.Obtaining the simplest method of phase information is the zero crossing of catching line voltage, but this method is interfered easily, is only applicable to desirable electrical network condition.Native system adopts the method for software three-phase phase-locked loop, and is as shown in Figure 2.Phase-locked loop generally is made up of phase discriminator, loop filter and oscillator.At first three-phase voltage is transformed under the d-q coordinate system,, sets q shaft voltage reference value vq_ref=0, the angular deviation of q shaft voltage deviate vq_err as phase discriminator output for making the complete homophase of d axle component and voltage vector through coordinate transform; Output obtains frequency through pi regulator, obtains angle value through an integral element again.When only having the positive sequence fundametal compoment in the line voltage, steady-state value is a DC quantity under its d-q coordinate system, is zero through control q axle component, can realize the phase frequency locking.When line voltage q axle component is constant when being zero, phase-locked loop has accurately locked electric network voltage phase.Because closed loop configuration has been adopted in phase-locked loop inside, can effectively suppress the interference that the slight disturbance of electrical network brings phase-detection.Therefore, this method also is applicable to the situation that grid voltage quality is poor slightly.
2. 2 outer voltage establishment stages
Voltage loop control block diagram is as shown in Figure 3; Can see that
is variable in the system mathematic model; In order to eliminate this influence for design of Controller; Simplify design of Controller, be the Voltage loop design of Controller:
Wherein obtain after the MPPT maximum power point tracking control adjustment of Voltage loop reference voltage
through the photovoltaic storage battery.
2. 3 current controllers
The space vector control technology just is applied in the three-phase VSR control system rapidly after proposing; What be widely used in numerical control system at present is the space vector PI control strategy of deciding switching frequency; This control utilizes the current deviation vector to provide corresponding space voltage vector switching; Can under relatively low switching frequency, obtain and control effect preferably, have advantages such as the direct voltage utilance is high, dynamic response is fast, simultaneously because this method robustness of existence of PI controller is stronger; Insensitive for the system parameters conversion, steady-state behaviour is better.Yet since the PI controller introduced after link, therefore for the higher control occasion of dynamic response requirement, this space vector PI control strategy has certain limitation.
In order to realize the quick control of electric current under the limited sampling frequency, adopt the dead beat control of current forecasting.Same this control still is based upon two cordic phase rotators system down, adopts space vector modulating method simultaneously, has realized deciding the fast dynamic response of electric current loop under the switching frequency.The Mathematical Modeling of three-phase PWM controller under
coordinate system is rewritten into discrete mode is:
If major control cycle and PWM cycle are all
; Because processor calculating needs certain hour; In real system, there is control time-delay
between sampled point and the PWM updated time; Wherein
is the time-delay factor and
, and the discrete mathematics model of system will become in actual like this
control cycle:
In order to eliminate control time-delay, the observer through designing proper can successfully predict target current value constantly.Adopt a kind of pair of sampling time sequence to realize the current forecasting algorithm, shown in the former reason figure below 4 of this method.Carry out double sampling in cycle at a PWM; The current value of the j time sampling of
expression; Wherein
; Like this because this controller adopts space vector modulation technique; The PWM that is distributed in of voltage vector is symmetrical in the cycle; Be designated as
respectively; Ignore the variation of line voltage and the influence of resistive term, have following equality to set up:
To sum up the electric current measured value predicts that the current value of the j time sampling is:
Pass through current forecasting like this; Calculate its current value before can arriving constantly at
; And further obtain the output voltage of
inverter through the dead beat control algolithm; Modulate this voltage vector of output by the SVPWM module at
immediately after the arrival, obtain maximizing compensation thereby make calculating delay time.
2. the directed control of 4 line voltages
The control of line voltage directional vector is as shown in Figure 5, adopts two closed loop tandem type control structures: outer voltage, current inner loop.The main effect of Voltage loop is the control DC bus-bar voltage; Electric current loop is then controlled the AC side input current according to the current-order that Voltage loop provides, and realizes the unity power factor operation.Be specially: line voltage directional vector control algolithm earlier with the line voltage vector through coordinate transform by mutually static vertically
coordinate system of three phase static
coordinate system transformation to two; Rotate
coordinate system by two mutually static vertical
coordinate system transformations to two synchronised again,
axle of
synchronous rotating frame is pressed line voltage vector
orientation.And
of grid side converter ac-side current vector
axle component be active current,
axle component be reactive current.
In addition;
component that can find out the converter ac-side current from system mathematic model exists and intercouples, and
axle component of the side current phasor that is difficult to realize to be incorporated into the power networks is controlled separately.For this reason, the present invention has adopted the feedforward decoupling control policy.As shown in Figure 6; And current on line side
component has symmetry; Controller can use identical parameter, so design of Controller can only consider that one of them gets final product.The output of pi regulator has compensated the cross-couplings item of handing over component, and the feedforward component of line voltage has been offset the influence of line voltage in the real system.Voltage drop on the stream side inductance, controller adopt the decoupling zero item of electric current
component to offset in the real system two.
More than a series of processes promptly realized the control of generating electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems of photovoltaic generation current transformer.This control method can realize stable being incorporated into the power networks.
Claims (1)
1. the control method of generating electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems of a photovoltaic generation current transformer; It comprises line voltage software locks phase, outer voltage foundation, Current Control and the control of line voltage directional vector; It is characterized in that: described line voltage software locks adopts the method for software three-phase phase-locked loop mutually; Phase-locked loop is made up of phase discriminator, loop filter and oscillator, at first through coordinate transform three-phase voltage is transformed under the d-q coordinate system, for making the complete homophase of d axle component and voltage vector; Set q shaft voltage reference value vq_ref=0, with the angular deviation of q shaft voltage deviate vq_err as phase discriminator output; Output obtains frequency through pi regulator, obtains angle value through an integral element again, when only having the positive sequence fundametal compoment in the line voltage; Steady-state value is a DC quantity under its d-q coordinate system, is zero through control q axle component, realizes the phase frequency locking; When line voltage q axle component is constant when being zero; Phase-locked loop has accurately locked electric network voltage phase, because closed loop configuration has been adopted in phase-locked loop inside, can effectively suppress the interference that the slight disturbance of electrical network brings phase-detection; It is to be with the Voltage loop design of Controller that described outer voltage is set up:
In the formula:
is the active current value;
is DC bus-bar voltage;
is meritorious line voltage value;
is proportional gain factor;
is integral coefficient;
is integrating factor, and
is the Voltage loop reference voltage;
Wherein obtain after the MPPT maximum power point tracking control adjustment of Voltage loop reference voltage
through the photovoltaic storage battery; Described Current Control adopts the dead beat control of current forecasting; Be based upon two cordic phase rotators system down; Adopt space vector modulating method; The fast dynamic response of electric current loop under the switching frequency is decided in realization, the Mathematical Modeling of three-phase PWM controller under
coordinate system is rewritten into discrete mode is:
If major control cycle and PWM cycle are all
; Because processor calculating needs certain hour; In real system, there is control time-delay
between sampled point and the PWM updated time; Wherein
is the time-delay factor and
, and the discrete mathematics model of system will become in actual like this
control cycle:
In order to eliminate the control time-delay; Observer through designing proper can successfully predict target current value constantly; Adopt a kind of pair of sampling time sequence to realize the current forecasting algorithm; Carry out double sampling in cycle at a PWM; The current value of the j time sampling of
expression; Wherein
; Like this because this controller adopts space vector modulation technique; The PWM that is distributed in of voltage vector is symmetrical in the cycle; Be designated as
respectively, ignore the variation of line voltage and the influence of resistive term, have following equality to set up:
To sum up the electric current measured value predicts that the current value of the j time sampling is:
Pass through current forecasting; Calculate its current value before can arriving constantly at
; And further obtain the output voltage of
inverter through the dead beat control algolithm; Modulate this voltage vector of output by the SVPWM module at
immediately after the arrival, obtain maximizing compensation thereby make calculating delay time; Two closed loop tandem type control structures are adopted in described line voltage directional vector control: outer voltage, current inner loop, the main effect of Voltage loop are the control DC bus-bar voltages; Electric current loop is then controlled the AC side input current according to the current-order that Voltage loop provides; And realize that unity power factor moves; Be specially: line voltage directional vector control algolithm earlier with the line voltage vector through coordinate transform by mutually static vertically
coordinate system of three phase static
coordinate system transformation to two; Rotate
coordinate system by two mutually static vertical
coordinate system transformations to two synchronised again;
axle of
synchronous rotating frame is pressed line voltage vector
orientation; And
of grid side converter ac-side current vector
axle component is active current;
axle component is a reactive current;
component that can find out the converter ac-side current from system mathematic model exists and intercouples;
axle component of side current phasor of being difficult to realize to be incorporated into the power networks is controlled separately, adopts feedforward decoupling zero control for this reason.
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