CN102409337A - Plasma cladding method and automatic cladding equipment for manufacturing wear resistant clad steel plate - Google Patents
Plasma cladding method and automatic cladding equipment for manufacturing wear resistant clad steel plate Download PDFInfo
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- CN102409337A CN102409337A CN2011102295456A CN201110229545A CN102409337A CN 102409337 A CN102409337 A CN 102409337A CN 2011102295456 A CN2011102295456 A CN 2011102295456A CN 201110229545 A CN201110229545 A CN 201110229545A CN 102409337 A CN102409337 A CN 102409337A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a plasma cladding method and automatic cladding equipment for manufacturing a wear resistant clad steel plate. The method is characterized by adopting a four-gun automatic plasma cladding method, selecting and spreading a wear resistant alloy powder bulk material with thickness being 3-15mm on a base steel plate, putting the base steel plate on a cast iron cladding table with thickness being 80-120mm, fixing the periphery of the base steel plate with the cast iron cladding table through platen clamps, fixing the middle part of the base steel plate with the cast iron cladding table through stop pins, utilizing high energy beam plasma arcs with nozzle aperture ratio being (0.75-0.85):1 as the cladding heat sources and utilizing four guns to synchronously and automatically clad the wear resistant alloy powder bulk material and metallurgically bond the wear resistant alloy powder bulk materials with the base steel plate. The method and the equipment have the following beneficial effects: the manufacturing cost is low; the production efficiency is high; the wear resistant clad steel plate with large area can be manufactured; and the obtained wear resistant clad steel plate has the characteristics of narrow fusion area, small deformation and good product quality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of manufacture and producing apparatus of Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate, particularly relate to a kind of plasma melting coating method and molten automatically laying of plasma of making Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate and be equipped with.
Background technology
Mechanical industry has half the steel to be used to make spare part every year, and the inefficacy of 80% component of machine is caused by wearing and tearing.In industries such as mine, metallurgy, cement, coal, electric power, petrochemical complex, communications and transportation, machinofacture; Most of production unit in use; Because the heavy wear of component cause key components and parts or whole plant, even whole production line can not be moved normally; Need often stopping production to change parts or keep in repair; Therefore directly influence the ordinary production order, thereby bring very big financial loss, solve the problem that wearing and tearing work-ing life and key components and parts recycle and seem most important to enterprise.Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate is exactly a kind of wear resistant products with very high use value in the high-abrasive material field; Can wholely use; Also can cut or be processed into parts uses; To improving the work-ing life and the safe operation of equipment, can not only produce huge economic, and have the great social benefit that to save the resource and the energy.
Wear-resisting steel plate is divided into two big types from structure formation at present, and one type is the monoblock casting wearing plate, and advantage is that the even performance of global tissue is consistent; But to the big wearing plate of casting area; When hardness is too high, because fragility is big, in use cracked easily; So usually hardness is on the low side, and wear resistance and weldableness are poor; Another kind of is Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate; Someone also claims the bimetal wear resistant plate; Be by wearing layer and the matrix steel plate is compound processes, because wearing layer can be made very high hardness, the matrix steel plate has high intensity and toughness; So the distinguishing feature that Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate has shock resistance and wear resistance is good, welding processing property is good, wearing layer composition and performance are easy to control has become and has used outstanding person the most widely in the wear resisting steel iron material.
Existing wear-resistant composite steel board fabrication method has composite casting, spreads the method for synthetic, laser melting coating, spraying, surfacing, plasma arc powder surfacing, welding electrode manual build up welding, powder mass carbon arc manual build up welding, the automatic arc surfacing of silk (plate) material certainly; These methods are used for the manufacturing of Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate; All show advantage separately, but also have certain shortcoming and defect.Wherein, composite casting, welding electrode manual build up welding, powder mass carbon arc manual build up welding, spread method synthetic, surfacing certainly, be only limited to the wear-resistant composite board of making small area and the wear-resisting composite component of small volume.The method of laser melting coating, spraying is only limited to the clad steel plate that manufacturing＜2mm approaches wearing layer.
At present; What the Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate application that the manufacturing area is big was maximum is medicine core-wire material electric arc automatic surfacing method; Be characterized in adopting the automatic arc surfacing equipment of silk material; Select wear-resisting welding wire with flux core for use, the certain thickness wearing layer material of built-up welding on the matrix steel plate is with the Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate of matrix steel plate formation metallurgical binding.This method is a kind of old technology of comparative maturity, and advantage is an automated job, selects the welding wire built-up welding of Φ 2.8mm diameter usually for use, and production efficiency is high.Shortcoming is that fusion penetration is big owing to big electric current built-up welding, and thinning ratio is high, causes the hardness of wearing layer top layer and bottom to differ bigger, has reduced the thickness wear resistance of composite bed; Because fusion penetration is big, the fusion area is wide, and distortion is big when making the big area Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate; Because the wear-resisting composition adding proportion that adds in the flux-cored wire is limited, the hardness of further raising overlay cladding is restricted; Because a silk material bead-welding technology itself has determined that the thickness of every built-up welding one deck wearing layer can not be blocked up, so need multiple-bead deposit during the thick wearing layer of built-up welding; There is significantly welding ripple in the overlay cladding surface, can strengthen wearing resistance, reduces friction durability.In recent years; Offshore company adopts the method for plasma arc powder surfacing to make the big area Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate; It is characterized in that adopting the plasma powder automatic bead welding equipment; Select the self-fluxing nature wear resistant alloy powders for use, the certain thickness wearing layer material of built-up welding on the matrix steel plate is with the Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate of matrix steel plate formation metallurgical binding.This method also is a kind of old technology of comparative maturity; Advantage is an automated job, because material therefor is a self-fluxing alloyed powder, so the good product quality of the Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate mass ratio silk material built-up welding of making; Shortcoming is that built-up welding efficient is low; Material price is high, and powdered material needs the powder conveyer system, and in weld deposit process, blows easily and spread waste.A kind of in addition method is well-known powder mass carbon arc manual build up welding, and characteristic is to select powdered alloy piece high-abrasive material for use, adopts manual carbon arc fusing overlaying method, built-up welding one deck wear resistant alloy on the matrix steel plate.Because powdered alloy piece resurfacing welding material is simpler and easy than the surfacing welding electrode preparation, composition is adjusted easily, and built-up welding is simple to operation; Economical and practical; So be to repair the most frequently used a kind of method of wear resistant products, but the overlay cladding surface quality is poor, can not realize automated job; Labour intensity is big, so the not built-up welding of suitable big area Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate.
The problem on deformation of built-up welding big area Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate; Perplexing the development of the industry always; Because the gross distortion in weld deposit process causes a lot of advanced technique for overlaying can not implement automated job, to this; People have adopted the whole bag of tricks examination way controlled deformation, but relatively effective means is few.Adopting the clamp jig controlled deformation is a kind of maximum method of using, and this method can only compress the steel plate edge with clamp jig when built-up welding big area Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate; The middle part still is out of shape; If the centre is the increased pressure board anchor clamps again, can hinder the automatic surfacing walking, so inadvisable.People adopt the method controlled deformation of water-cooled at present; A kind of mode is directly to spray water coolant at the back side of built-up welding steel plate; Thereby play the hot input that reduces the matrix steel plate and come controlled deformation with the acceleration speed of cooling; The shortcoming and defect of this mode is to produce a large amount of water smoke, influences the work-ing life and the safe working environment of automatic bead welding equipment.Another kind of mode is to adopt water cooled pipeline to be close to the built-up welding steel plate back side to dispel the heat and cool off, though overcome above-mentioned shortcoming, as everyone knows; Water-cooled need increase the water cooling plant system, has increased equipment cost, and water-cooled can be taken away part built-up welding heat; Wasted heat energy; Water-cooled can be quickened speed of cooling, influences the shaping of sufficient metallurgical reaction in molten bath and weld face, and this is the shortcoming and defect that adopts the water-cool control distortion to manifest.Also having a kind of method is to adopt the built-up welding of cylindrical structure mode, and operation is: the matrix steel coiled sheet is become round shape, point of interface is welded solid; Again that cylinder is round as a ball, device rotates on surfacing equipment, and cylinder top (front) has a material surfacing torch to carry out automatic surfacing; The back spraying water cooling; The cylinder that will have wearing layer after the built-up welding unloads, and the interface weld seam is severed, and smooths with sheet-leveling machine.Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate sex change after this technology built-up welding is very big; Need repeatedly smoothing repeatedly; The wearing layer easy of crack is fallen piece in the smoothing process, and since the limitation of this technology, present examples of suitable filamentary material automatic surfacing; The matrix steel plate thickness is limited to 10～14mm, and suitable built-up welding is (one deck) wearing layer once.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention will solve provides a kind of low cost of manufacture, production efficiency is high and can make large-area steel plate, and the method for manufacture of the clad steel plate wear resistance height that obtains, the Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate of good product quality and molten automatically the laying of plasma are equipped with.
A kind of plasma melting coating method of making Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate of the present invention; Adopt the automatic cladding method of four rifle plasmas, selecting thickness for use is that 3～15mm wear resistant alloy powders bulk material is tiled in above the matrix steel plate, and it is molten the applying on the platform of cast iron of 80-120mm that the matrix steel plate places thickness; Fix melting deposited platform with cast iron around the matrix steel plate through clamp jig; Through position-limitting pin the molten platform that applies of matrix steel plate middle part and cast iron is fixed, utilized rifle mouth aperture ratio to be (0.75-0.85): 1, preferred 0.8: 1 high energy beam plasma arc is as the molten thermal source that applies; The molten automatically synchronously wear resistant alloy powders bulk material that applies of four rifles makes itself and matrix steel plate produce metallurgical binding.
A kind of plasma melting coating method of making Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate of the present invention; Wherein said wear resistant alloy powders bulk material is this area wear resistant alloy powders block of material commonly used; Preferred rich chromium cast iron type little slag wear resistant alloy powders bulk material or the little slag wear resistant alloy powders of high chromium nickel wolfram varbide type bulk material, market is on sale.
The Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate that aforesaid method of the present invention obtains comprises matrix steel plate, wearing layer and fusion area, the thickness≤1.5mm of fusion area wherein, the distortion irregularity degree＜5mm/m of said Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate
2
A kind of molten automatically laying of making Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate of the present invention is equipped with; Comprise molten platform system, molten system, plasma deposit gun operational system and the system of applying of plasma power supply of applying of Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate, said molten automatically laying is that molten automatically the laying of four rifle plasmas is equipped with fully, and the molten platform system of applying of said Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate comprises molten platform and the clamp jig of applying of Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate; The molten thickness that applies platform of Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate is 80-120mm; Be provided with equally distributed limit pin hole above, clamp jig with bolt in Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate molten apply platform around, four limits of the matrix steel plate that is fixed and clamped; The molten rifle mouth aperture ratio that applies system's ionic medium deposit gun of said plasma power supply is (0.75-0.85): 1; Preferred 0.8: 1, said aperture ratio was the ratio of rifle mouth passage length and rifle mouth bore dia, and this is this area technical term.
A kind of molten automatically laying of making Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate of the present invention is equipped with, and the tungsten electrode diameter of wherein said plasma deposit gun is 4～8mm, and the transferred arc electric current is 0～500A, and the untransferable arc electric current is 0～250A, plasma voltage 30～70V.
A kind of molten automatically laying of making Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate of the present invention is equipped with, and the diameter of wherein said limit pin hole is 8-12mm, and the distance between the pin-and-hole is 450-550mm, preferred 500mm.
It is the molten platform (cast iron is not yielding) that applies of big thickness cast iron of 100mm that the present invention adopts thickness, and additional clamp jig is all around fixed, the spacing mode of middle part pin; Solved molten problem of applying convex-concave distortion in the process effectively, overcome above-mentioned shortcoming and defect simultaneously, molten the applying on the platform of big thickness is furnished with the pin-and-hole that is evenly distributed; Be drilled with the through hole of corresponding diameter on the matrix steel plate; The matrix steel plate is placed on molten applying on the platform, and the latch nail runs through the molten platform pin-and-hole that applies in through hole, and pin allows to expose matrix surface of steel plate 0～3mm; Fixing tight with clamp jig around the matrix steel plate; The wear resistant alloy powders bulk material is tiled in above the matrix steel plate, and molten automatically the applying of start accomplished then, cuts the pin on the Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate that unloads flat; The effect that manifests is: do not have the phenomenon that convex-concave is out of shape at the molten process light plate that applies, apply Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate distortion irregularity degree＜5mm/m that platform unloads from melting
2, smooth through the position that screw block can be uneven with steel plate.To The above results through thinking: the molten platform that applies of big thickness can absorb the also deposited heat of reservoir fractional melting; And the heat that stores can be delivered on the Deposit Steel plate; Make the further homogenizing of temperature distribution of Deposit Steel plate, be beneficial to reduce the distortion, be beneficial to the abundant metallurgical reaction in molten bath; Be beneficial to appearance of weld, be beneficial to the raising deposition rate.Clamp jig can play molten the apply heat expansion of process light plate and the effect of contraction of pining down with pin; As everyone knows; Steel plate is heated and just can produces expansion, and by one molten applying in the process, swell increment runs up to and to a certain degree can cause steel plate to bulge together; Shrink at uneven process of cooling light plate subsequently, produce irregular distortion thereupon.Theoretically, to solidifying, shrinkage is greater than the matrix steel plate from liquid state for the cladding layer above the steel plate; The state of nature lower steel plate should be to recessed distortion; But tighten up owing to there is molten deposited platform to support with the pressure of clamp jig all around below the matrix steel plate, along with concentrating of string stress, steel plate shrinks towards the centre; The gross distortion that after string stress runs up to a certain degree, causes steel plate to raise up; But these distortion all need the process of a strain energy of distortion and the accumulation of distortion quantity, as long as accumulation volume is lower than the deformation intensity of steel plate itself, steel plate is can not produce distortion.The present invention adopts clamp jig and pin can play an accumulation that pins down and disperse to expand and shrink effectively, and clamp jig can solve the problem on deformation of steel plate perk all around, can also force steel plate to shrink inwards and outwards expansible effect simultaneously to a certain extent.Pin can pin down steel plate effectively and outwards expand and the displacement of shrinking inwards, that is to say that steel plate allows free expansion and contraction in the small area scope of pin restriction; In case surpass this scope; Pin just can play and hinder the displacement that steel plate further expands and shrinks, expand so and the total amount of shrinking by separated equably, the stress of the Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate after molten the applying has also obtained disperseing and has not had concentrated; So it is very little that the stress at each position just seems, be difficult to cause the distortion of steel plate.Adopting four rifle plasma meltings to lay in addition is equipped with; Molten mode of applying is the width (laterally) by the Deposit Steel plate, and the plasma deposit gun is put apart from the welding position that rises that is provided with separately by 1/4th five equilibrium, melts synchronously to steel plate length direction (vertically) then and applies; That is to say; The molten separately long-pending wear resistant alloy powders bulk material of 1/4th independent faces that applies of each plasma deposit gun, to weld the principle that reduces stress concentration similar with manual segmentation for this, can the spread heat that four plasma deposit guns are imported steel plate simultaneously be come; Avoid the heat undue concentration, thereby also can play a role reducing molten deposited distortion.So; Adopt molten platform, clamp jig, the spacing mode of pin-and-hole all around of applying of big thickness; Controlled a molten difficult problem of applying Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate convex-concave distortion in the process dexterously; Solved simultaneously the problem of arc heat input waste effectively, also alleviated the difficulty of Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate smoothing, this innovative point helps opening up the manufacturing that other advanced bead-welding technology is realized the big area clad steel plate.
The present invention selects for use the wear resistant alloy powders bulk material to make the complex abrasion-proof layer material of compound steel plate, and reason is: the block high-abrasive material of powdered alloy has been successfully used to manual carbon arc built-up welding and has repaired worn parts, has embodied easy to use; The characteristics that manifest that wear resistance is good, cost is low; Compare with the self-fluxing nature powdered material with the silk material, preparation is easy, and production technique is simple; And do not need wire feed, powder conveyer system, can satisfy the requirement of the automatic deposition techniques of the present invention.This wear resistant alloy powders bulk material is known in the art conventional material, preferred FeO5 wear resistant alloy powder agglomates material, and market is on sale.
Plasma melting coating method of the present invention is higher than the temperature of carbon arc built-up welding; Ability is the melted alloy material fully; Argon gas can play the effect of protection molten bath metallurgical reaction simultaneously, adopts the molten Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate of making of applying of FeO5 wear resistant alloy powder agglomates material, and obvious effects is all better than the inner quality of carbon arc manual build up welding and visual appearance effect; Use 0.4 times of high life through coal wearing and tearing contrast.
A kind of plasma melting coating method and automatic molten laying of making Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate of the present invention is equipped with; Adopt the automatic cladding method of four rifle plasmas; Utilize the high energy beam plasma arc to make the molten thermal source that applies, adopt the molten platform that applies of big thickness Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate, fix with clamp jig around the matrix steel plate; The middle part is with the spacing mode of pin; Select for use the wear resistant alloy powders bulk material to make wear-resistant composite bed material, the molten automatically powdered alloy bulk material that applies on the matrix steel plate is with the wear-resistant composite steel panel products of matrix steel plate formation metallurgical binding; Solve molten problem of applying Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate distortion in the process effectively, realized low cost of manufacture, high, the molten measured beneficial effect of fibrin of production efficiency.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the molten automatically structural representations fully that lay of the present invention's four rifle plasmas;
Fig. 3 is a plasma deposit gun up-down running orbit synoptic diagram;
Fig. 4 is the molten running orbit synoptic diagram that applies of plasma deposit gun;
Fig. 5 is a weld bead form synoptic diagram;
Fig. 6 is a Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate wearing layer tissue topography ESEM picture.
Description of reference numerals: the molten platform system of applying of 1-Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate; The molten system of applying of 2-plasma power supply; 3-plasma deposit gun operational system; The 4-system; 5-matrix steel plate; The 6-fusion area; The 7-wearing layer; 8-wear resistant alloy powders bulk material; The molten platform that applies of 11-Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate; The 12-clamp jig; The molten platform travel mechanism of applying of 13-Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate; The 14-limit pin hole; The 15-pin; The 16-through hole; The 21-plasma power supply; 22-plasma deposit gun; The 23-airing system; The 24-water-cooling system; 31-plasma deposit gun lifting device; 32-plasma deposit gun horizontal mobile device; 33-plasma deposit gun lateral rows walking apparatus; The vertical running gear of 34-plasma deposit gun; 41-is provided with image display; 42-carries out switch; 43-manual parameters adjusting knob; The molten article one welding bead that applies of 51-; Molten next the bar welding bead that applies of 52-; The molten zero position of applying of 53-; The B-mobile width; The L-movable length; The horizontal travel direction of X-plasma deposit gun; Y-plasma deposit gun vertically moves direction; The distance of H-manual regulation ion deposit gun height location; The H1-plasma melting applies the adjustable range of arc length positions; The adjustable range of H2-plasma striking; H3-plasma deposit gun stops the adjustable range of rifle position.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, do more detailed explanation with other technical characterictic and advantage to the present invention is above-mentioned.
Shown in Fig. 2-5; Molten automatically the laying of the present invention's four rifle plasmas is equipped with; Be used to make the wear-resistant composite steel panel products that area is 2000mm * 3000mm, this equipment is made up of molten platform system 1, the molten deposited system 2 of plasma power supply, plasma deposit gun operational system 3 and the system 4 of applying of Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate.
(1) the molten platform system 1 of applying of Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate, by the molten platform 11 that applies of Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate, clamp jig 12, the molten platform travel mechanism 13 of applying of Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate is formed.The molten platform 11 that applies of Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate is used for placement, fixing base steel plate 5, the molten platform 11 thickness 80-120mm that apply of Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate, preferred 100mm; Length 3400mm, width 2600mm has equally distributed limit pin hole 14 above the molten deposited platform 11 of Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate; Pin-and-hole diameter of phi 11mm; Hole depth 50mm, the distance apart 500mm that distributes between the pin-and-hole 14, pin-and-hole 14 are used for limiting the molten distortion of applying process of Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate.Clamp jig 12 is used for fixing and compresses four limits of matrix steel plate 5, controls the molten distortion of applying in the process of Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate.The molten deposited platform travel mechanism 13 of Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate is used to drag the molten platform 11 that applies of Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate and walks towards longitudinal direction (device length direction).
(2) the molten system 2 of applying of plasma power supply, by 21, four plasma deposit guns 22 of four plasma power supplies, airing system 23, water-cooling system 24 is formed.Plasma power supply 21 is power supply types of conjunct arc, is used to plasma deposit gun 22 generation plasma arcs electric energy is provided, and the electric energy of the different parameters of transferred arc and untransferable arc needs can be provided.Plasma deposit gun 22 is devices that the high energy beam plasma arc takes place, and is used for the molten wear resistant alloy powders bulk material 8 that applies through the high energy beam plasma arc and makes the wear-resistant composite steel panel products.The gas of airing system 23 is argon gas, is used to plasma deposit gun 22 generation plasma arcs argon gas is provided.Water-cooling system 24 is to be used to cool off plasma deposit gun 22.Plasma power supply 21, plasma deposit gun 22, airing system 23, water-cooling system 24 are state of the art, and present device adopts four plasma deposit guns 22, and the rifle mouth aperture ratio of plasma deposit gun 22 is (0.75-0.85): 1, and preferred 0.8: 1.
(3) plasma deposit gun operational system 3, by plasma deposit gun lifting device 31, plasma deposit gun horizontal mobile device 32, plasma deposit gun lateral rows walking apparatus 33, the vertical running gear 34 of plasma deposit gun is formed.Plasma deposit gun lifting device 31 enable manual and the distance up and down of automatically regulating plasma deposit gun 22 with the high and low position of manual coarse adjustment plasma deposit gun 22, with the striking H2 that regulates plasma deposit gun 22 automatically, molten deposited H1, stop rifle H3 position, are seen Fig. 3.Plasma deposit gun horizontal mobile device 32 is used to regulate the size of plasma arc side throw amplitude B, sees Fig. 4, is used to drive the motion that plasma deposit gun 22 does laterally to swing back and forth and melt deposited wear resistant alloy powders bulk material.Plasma deposit gun lateral rows walking apparatus 33 is used to drive plasma deposit gun 22 and makes gap operation and continuous walking at horizontal direction.The vertical running gear 34 of plasma deposit gun is used to drive plasma deposit gun 22 and makes gap operation and continuous walking at longitudinal direction.The running orbit of plasma deposit gun operational system 3 is that setting through system 4 realizes that operational system is a state of the art with the molten parameter of applying.
(4) system 4, by image display 41 is set, carry out switch 42, and manual parameters adjusting knob 43 is formed.Running orbit and the molten parameter value that applies that image display 41 is used to set plasma deposit gun operational system 3 are set.Carry out switch 42 and be used for the molten deposited system 2 of plasma power supply, plasma deposit gun operational system 3, airing system 23, the startup of water-cooling system 24, shut-down operation.Manual parameters adjusting knob 43 is used for the adjusting of plasma voltage, electric current and plasma gas flow, and system is a state of the art.
The technical performance index of said equipment is following:
(1) plasma deposit gun operational system 3 parameter regulation technical indicators
1. the molten running orbit that applies of plasma deposit gun 22 is set at " bow " font, and is as shown in Figure 4:
0～60mm/ is each for plasma deposit gun lateral clearance mobile width B scope, translational speed 0～55mm/s
0～1000mm/ is each for the horizontal continuous walking global extent of plasma deposit gun, the speed of travel 0～55mm/s
Movable length L scope 0～15mm/ is each in plasma deposit gun longitudinal gap, translational speed 0～55mm/s
0～3200mm/ is each for the vertical continuous walking global extent of plasma deposit gun, the speed of travel 0～55mm/s
2. the up-down running orbit of plasma deposit gun 22 is set, and sees shown in the accompanying drawing 3:
The distance H scope 0～500mm of manual regulation plasma deposit gun height location
Plasma melting applies the adjustable range H1 scope 0～50mm of arc length positions
The adjustable range H2 scope 0～20mm of plasma striking position
The plasma deposit gun stop the rifle position adjustable range H3 scope 0～120mm (promptly molten apply shut down after, the plasma deposit gun raises automatically stops the rifle position)
(2) the molten platform system 1 parameter regulation technical indicator of applying of Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate
Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate is molten applies the platform global extent 10000mm that vertically walks, the speed of travel 0～100mm/s
(3) molten system's 3 technical indicators of applying of plasma power supply
Plasma electric Source Type: associative form arc
4 of plasma power supply quantity
4 of plasma deposit gun quantity
Plasma electric source power 80KVA * 4
Plasma power supply water holdup 100%
Plasma deposit gun tungsten electrode diameter range of choice Φ 4～8mm
Deposit gun mouth aperture ratio 1/d=0.8: 1
Transferred arc current setting scope 0～500A, untransferable arc current setting scope 0～250A, plasma voltage regulation range 30～70V.
The present invention adopts molten automatically the laying of above-mentioned four rifle plasmas to be equipped with, and selects for use wear resistant alloy powders bulk material 8 to make the wear-resistant composite steel panel products, and shown in Fig. 1-6, the deposition techniques technical scheme is following:
(1) places the matrix steel plate
The through hole 16 of drill diameter Φ 10mm on matrix steel plate 5, pitch-row is 500mm, with thickness be the molten pin-and-hole 14 position corresponding matching of applying above the platform 11 of cast iron of 100mm.Matrix steel plate 5 is melted flush coat sandblast purifying treatment, 5 placing flat of matrix steel plate are melted in Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate apply above the platform 11.The through hole 16 that the pin of Φ 10mm 15 is inserted matrix steel plates 5 and Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate be molten applies in the pin-and-hole 14 of platform 11, and pin 15 allows to expose matrix surface of steel plate 0～3mm, with clamp jig 12 matrix steel plate 5 four limits is fixed.
(2) put the wear resistant alloy powders bulk material
The wear resistant alloy powders bulk material 8 that to dry (300 ℃ of bake out temperatures are incubated 2 hours) is tiled in above the matrix steel plate 5, requires to put closely.
(3) set running orbit and the molten parameter of applying
Open the molten stand-by power source that lays, adopt manual mode that the distance between four deposit guns 22 is set, four deposit guns 22 are run to the molten zero position 53 of applying.The automatic running orbit and the molten parameter of applying of setting plasma deposit gun 22 on the image display 41 is being set.Regulate voltage, current value and the argon flow amount of plasma power supply 21 with manual parameters adjusting knob 43.
(4) start molten automatically applying
Start water-cooling system 24 with carrying out switch 42, water coolant begins to cool down plasma deposit gun 22; Open airing system 23 with carrying out switch 42, argon gas begins to be plasma deposit gun 22 air feed; Start plasma deposit gun operational system 3 with carrying out switch 42, plasma deposit gun 22 drops to H2 striking position automatically by the up-down running orbit of setting; Start the molten system 2 of applying of plasma power supply with carrying out switch 42; Plasma power supply 21 is plasma deposit gun 22 power supply and the electric arcs that ignite; Behind the arc stability; Plasma deposit gun 22 rises to the molten deposited position of H1 automatically, then begins to move plasma deposit gun 22 and applies run trace and automatic molten deposited completion of molten deposited parameter by melting of setting.
(5) stop to finish molten applying
The molten process of applying is to be undertaken by setting molten automatically the applying of track and parameter; After molten deposited the completion; Also automatically plasma deposit gun 22 is risen to H3 stops the rifle position to the automatic extinguish arcs of plasma deposit gun 22 meetings; Automatically stop simultaneously the operation of plasma deposit gun 22, finish the molten program of applying, close argon gas and water coolant with carrying out switch 42.
(6) unload and get Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate
Start the molten platform travel mechanism 13 of applying of Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate with carrying out switch 42, drag the molten Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate of accomplishing of applying and leave plasma deposit gun 22 residing positions, be convenient to unload and get Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate.Clamp jig 12 is taken off, Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate is taken away.
(7) smoothing Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate
With cutter the pin on the Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate 15 is cut flatly, be placed on then on the pallet frame of school, whole with the screw block smoothing.Can be directed against customer requirements, Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate is carried out cut edge, shaping processing, surfacing, the processing of spraying paint.
The characteristics of this ME are: matrix steel plate 5 is placed on the molten deposited platform 11 of Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate; With clamp jig 12 matrix steel plate 5 four limits are compressed; To pin in the 15 insertion steel plate through holes 16, wear resistant alloy powders bulk material 8 will be tiled in above the matrix steel plate 5, plasma deposit gun 22 will be put 53 by the five equilibrium of 1/4th steel plate widths apart from the welding position that rises that is provided with separately; As shown in Figure 5, melt synchronously to matrix steel plate 5 length directions then and apply.Thickness to wearing layer that Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate requires is different, selects the wear resistant alloy powders block of material 8 of different thickness for use.Its effect is: the wearing layer 7 after molten the applying is metallurgical binding with matrix steel plate 5; Fusion area 6≤1.5mm; Thinning ratio is low, and the top layer of wearing layer and bottom hardness are approaching, hardness difference HRC＜5; The surfacing of wearing layer 7 does not have the weld seam ripple, the Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate distortion irregularity degree＜5mm/m after molten the applying
2, molten flush coat is long-pending can to reach 2000mm * 3000mm, and it is little to embody the Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate distortion of melting after applying, and the wearing layer smooth surface is smooth approaching with the global tissue performance, benefits wear-resistant advantage.
Embodiment 1; With mine transfer loader flask liner is example; Wear medium is an ore, and wear type requires every Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate to be of a size of: long 3000mm * wide 2000mm * thick 15mm for impacting and abrasive wear; Wearing layer thickness (comprising the fusion area) >=6mm wherein, surface hardness HRC >=60.
The Q345B sheet material of selecting long 3100mm * wide 2100mm * thick 10mm for use is as matrix steel plate 5 (comprising the clamp jig fixed position), and the little slag wear resistant alloy powders of the rich chromium cast iron type bulk material (this material market is on sale) of selecting long 80mm * wide 30mm * thick 7mm for use is as the wearing layer material.
(1) the deposition techniques technical scheme steps is set running orbit and melts deposited parameter following as stated:
B:45mm/ is each for plasma deposit gun lateral clearance swing width, speed of travel 9mm/s;
The horizontal continuous walking whole range distance of plasma deposit gun: 505mm;
Movable length L:4mm/ is each in plasma deposit gun longitudinal gap, translational speed 6mm/s;
The vertical continuous walking whole range distance of plasma deposit gun: 3000mm;
Plasma deposit gun and Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate be molten applies and manually heightens distance H: 120mm between the platform;
The arc length distance H 1:30mm that plasma melting applies;
Isoionic striking distance H 2:15mm;
Molten apply shut down after, the plasma deposit gun raises automatically stops rifle distance H 3:100mm;
Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate is molten applies the platform whole range distance 10000mm that vertically walks, speed of travel 60mm/s;
Plasma deposit gun tungsten electrode diameter is Φ 5mm;
Deposit gun mouth aperture ratio 1/d=0.8: 1;
Transferred arc electric current 180A, untransferable arc electric current 70A;
Plasma voltage 50V.
(2) weld bead form and parameter, as shown in Figure 5:
Molten every the welding bead that applies is along matrix steel plate length direction (vertically), length 3000mm;
Every weld bead (laterally) width 45mm;
Be joint form between every welding bead, promptly next bar welding bead 52 repeats the molten width 5mm that applies a welding bead limit 51, guarantees that the wearing layer surfacing after molten the applying does not have the welding bead vestige, and molten successively applying accomplished auto.
(3) result
Apply in the process of making Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate molten, the convex-concave distortion does not take place in steel plate.
Unload the Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate of taking off, after cutting flat-sale nail 15, Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate is bulge phenomenon slightly, the average irregularity degree＜4mm/m of the distortion of measurement
2, the position of heaving of Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate is smoothed with screw block.
The wearing layer smooth surface is smooth, solderless ripple mark mark, but many places have＜transverse crack of 40mm.
To the Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate after the smoothing, the cutting sample carries out contextual analysis of organization and measurement of hardness, and the result is: fusion area mean depth 1.4mm, wearing layer (not comprising the fusion area) mean thickness 6mm, Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate mean thickness 15.5mm; Wearing layer top layer average hardness HRC67, bottom average hardness HRC63, middle layer average hardness HRC65; The wearing layer homogeneous microstructure, hard is evenly distributed mutually, and proportion＞60%, and product tissue topography sem photograph is as shown in Figure 6, and it is good to embody molten wearing layer inner quality of applying, and possesses high wear-resisting characteristic.
The silk material build-up wear-resistant clad steel plate of this Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate and same size uses on the load wagon of mine, has improved 1.5 times work-ing life.Adopt this Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate on the chute of coal mine scraper machine, to use, replaced original casting 360 type wearing plates, improved 8 times work-ing life, solved the casting wear-resistant plate chute problem of weld cracking in use in addition owing to weldableness is good.Show the remarkable beneficial effect that the Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate weldableness is good, wear resistance is high that this method is made.
This Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate possesses high life, the characteristics of low cost of manufacture, and also supply user's price is identical with silk material build-up wear-resistant clad steel plate, has demonstrated fully the high advantage of cost performance.
Embodiment 2, are example with refuse-burning plant waste discharge conduit, and wear medium is that dust, sand grains, iron are cut, the masonry piece; Wear type is erosive wear, and duct wall thickness is 20mm, and the length of side is the square pipe of 600mm; Every joint length is 1000mm, supplies eight joints, and what adopt at present is that the Q345B steel plate is processed; Use after 1 month, the tube wall mill leaks and scraps.
Environment for use and wear type according to pipeline; Consider the cost of this product; The Q235 sheet material that adopts long 2500mm * wide 2100mm * thick 12mm is selected high chromium nickel wolfram varbide type little slag wear resistant alloy powders bulk material (this material market is on sale) of long 80mm * wide 30mm * thick 10mm for use as matrix steel plate 5 (comprising that clamp jig compresses the surplus on matrix steel plate four limits).Adopting four rifle plasma meltings of the present invention to lay is equipped with and method; Make the Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate that this product is used; With grow up 6 blocks of sheet materials of 1000mm * wide 600mm of plasma cutting, with welding process it is welded into the square pipe product then, the weld bond surface is with wear resistance electrode build-up wear-resistant layer.
(1) the deposition techniques technical scheme steps is set running orbit and melts deposited parameter following as stated:
1. the molten of plasma deposit gun applied run trace and melts deposited parameter:
B:45mm/ is each for plasma deposit gun lateral clearance swing width, speed of travel 9mm/s
The horizontal continuous walking whole range distance of plasma deposit gun: 505mm
Movable length L:3mm/ is each in plasma deposit gun longitudinal gap, translational speed 6mm/s
The vertical continuous walking whole range distance of plasma deposit gun: 2400mm
2. the setting of the up-down running orbit of plasma deposit gun and parameter is said identical with embodiment 1
3. the setting of the molten deposited platform system parameter of Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate is said identical with embodiment 1
4. the molten setting of applying system parameter of plasma power supply
Plasma deposit gun tungsten electrode diameter is Φ 6mm
Deposit gun mouth aperture ratio 1/d=0.8: 1
Transferred arc electric current 195A, untransferable arc electric current 70A
Plasma melting applies VR scope 55V
5. the weld bead form is identical with the above
(2) result
Apply in the process of making Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate molten, the convex-concave distortion does not take place in steel plate.
Unload the Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate of taking off, after slicing off pin, be out of shape very little, average irregularity degree＜4mm/m
2, adopt screw block that steel plate is smoothed.
Wearing layer surface solderless ripple mark mark, smooth.
Fusion area mean depth 1.5mm, wearing layer mean thickness 7.5mm, Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate mean thickness 19mm; Wearing layer top layer average hardness HRC60, bottom average hardness HRC57 contains a large amount of wiplas in the wearing layer, and the wolfram varbide hard phase that is evenly distributed is arranged, and embodies the characteristic of high erosive wear.
This product has reached just mill leakage more than 2 years duration of service through using, and has improved more than 20 times of work-ing life, and price is 5 times of former pipeline, demonstrates fully the advantage of high performance-price ratio.
Adopt method and apparatus of the present invention to make the wear-resistant composite steel panel products, embody following beneficial effect:
(1) molten automatically the laying of four rifle plasmas of the present invention's employing is equipped with, and can make the large-area wear-resistant composite steel panel products of 2000mm * 3000mm, and the Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate of also suitable manufacturing small area has embodied the beneficial effect that the scope of application is wide, production efficiency is high.
(2) owing to adopt the synchronous plasma arc deposition techniques of four rifles; Strong deflection plasma arc applies thermal source as melting in the thick straight form of employing; Single track is molten to be applied width 4～10mm and can once melt the deposited wear resistant alloy powders bulk material of 15mm thickness thoroughly, and it is long-pending big to embody molten flush coat, and penetration is strong; Deposition efficiency is high, the beneficial effect characteristic that deposition rate is fast.The wearing layer quality after molten the applying and the quality of plasma arc powder surfacing have good equally effect, and deposition efficiency is higher more than 1 times than plasma arc powder surfacing.To the manufacturing of Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate demand different thickness wearing layer, through changing the tungsten electrode diameter, regulating voltage and current parameters can be controlled the molten width and the degree of depth of applying effectively, can make the wear-resistant composite steel panel products of different thickness.
(3) adopt the molten platform that applies of big thickness Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate, additional clamp jig is all around fixed, the spacing mode of middle part pin, and the molten process light plate that applies does not produce the convex-concave distortion, melts the Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate distortion irregularity degree＜5mm/m after applying
2, embodying the little beneficial effect of Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate distortion that melts after applying, can Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate be smoothed through screw block, solved the difficulty of smoothing repeatedly with the school board device.
(4) the present invention is molten after applying wearing layer and matrix steel plate are metallurgical binding; Fusion area≤1.5mm, thinning ratio is low, and the top layer of wearing layer and bottom hardness are approaching; Hardness difference HRC＜5; Improved the thickness volume wear-out life of wearing layer, the surfacing of wearing layer does not have the weld seam ripple, benefits the beneficial effect of reducing friction resistance and improving work-ing life.
(5) the wear resistant alloy powders bulk material that uses of the present invention because the molten temperature of applying of plasma arc is high, can fully melts thick wear resistant alloy powders bulk material and the argon shield effect is arranged, and it is simple to have ME, characteristics easy to use.Through the wearing layer after molten the applying, the result has obtained and same good inner quality and the visual appearance of plasma arc powder surfacing.
Above-described embodiment describes preferred implementation of the present invention; Be not that scope of the present invention is limited; Design under the prerequisite of spirit not breaking away from the present invention; Various distortion and improvement that those of ordinary skills make technical scheme of the present invention all should fall in the definite protection domain of claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. plasma melting coating method of making Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate; It is characterized in that: adopt the automatic cladding method of four rifle plasmas; Selecting thickness for use is that 3～15mm wear resistant alloy powders bulk material is tiled in above the matrix steel plate, and it is molten the applying on the platform of cast iron of 80-120mm that the matrix steel plate places thickness, fixes melting deposited platform with cast iron around the matrix steel plate through clamp jig; Through position-limitting pin the molten platform that applies of matrix steel plate middle part and cast iron is fixed; Utilize rifle mouth aperture ratio to be (0.75-0.85): 1 high energy beam plasma arc is as the molten thermal source that applies, and the molten automatically synchronously wear resistant alloy powders bulk material that applies of four rifles makes itself and matrix steel plate produce metallurgical binding.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said wear resistant alloy powders bulk material is rich chromium cast iron type little slag wear resistant alloy powders bulk material or the little slag wear resistant alloy powders of high chromium nickel wolfram varbide type bulk material.
3. one kind obtains Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate by claim 1 or 2 described methods, it is characterized in that: the distortion irregularity degree＜5mm/m of said Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate
2
4. Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate according to claim 3 is characterized in that: comprise matrix steel plate (5), wearing layer (7) and fusion area (6), wherein thickness≤the 1.5mm of fusion area (6).
5. molten automatically laying of making Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate is equipped with; Comprise molten platform system (1), molten system (2), plasma deposit gun operational system (3) and the system (4) of applying of plasma power supply of applying of Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate; It is characterized in that: said molten automatically laying is that molten automatically the laying of four rifle plasmas is equipped with fully; The molten platform system (1) of applying of said Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate comprises molten platform (11) and the clamp jig (12) of applying of Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate; The molten thickness that applies platform (11) of Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate is 80-120mm, is provided with equally distributed limit pin hole (14) above, clamp jig (12) with bolt around the molten deposited platform (11) of Wear-Resistant Compound Steel Plate; Be fixed and clamped four limits of matrix steel plate (5), the molten rifle mouth aperture ratio that applies system (2) ionic medium deposit gun (22) of said plasma power supply is (0.75-0.85): 1.
6. equipment according to claim 5 is characterized in that: the molten rifle mouth aperture ratio that applies system (2) ionic medium deposit gun (22) of said plasma power supply is 0.8: 1.
7. equipment according to claim 5 is characterized in that: the tungsten electrode diameter of said plasma deposit gun (22) is 4～8mm, and the transferred arc electric current is 0～500A, and the untransferable arc electric current is 0～250A, plasma voltage 30～70V.
8. equipment according to claim 5 is characterized in that: the diameter of said limit pin hole (14) is 8-12mm, and the distance between the pin-and-hole (14) is 450-550mm.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103911592A (en) * | 2014-03-19 | 2014-07-09 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Magnetron sputtering apparatus and method |
| CN107584199A (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2018-01-16 | 洛阳骄新材料科技有限公司 | One kind silk filling injection is integrally formed three-layer composite board material and preparation method thereof |
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| CN1039202A (en) * | 1988-05-12 | 1990-01-31 | 国家机械工业委员会哈尔滨焊接研究所 | Single-power plasma welding method with molten electrode protected by gas |
| JP2002137059A (en) * | 2000-10-26 | 2002-05-14 | Ing Shoji Kk | Wear-resistant metal deposition method and steel sheet clad with wear-resistant layers on its both surfaces |
| CN1443868A (en) * | 2002-03-11 | 2003-09-24 | 山东科技大学 | Method for depositing abrasion-resisting coating layer on vacuum beam-plasma surface |
| CN101433990A (en) * | 2008-11-19 | 2009-05-20 | 南京宝色股份公司 | Overlaying welding method of large area carbide alloy of workpiece wear layer |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1039202A (en) * | 1988-05-12 | 1990-01-31 | 国家机械工业委员会哈尔滨焊接研究所 | Single-power plasma welding method with molten electrode protected by gas |
| JP2002137059A (en) * | 2000-10-26 | 2002-05-14 | Ing Shoji Kk | Wear-resistant metal deposition method and steel sheet clad with wear-resistant layers on its both surfaces |
| CN1443868A (en) * | 2002-03-11 | 2003-09-24 | 山东科技大学 | Method for depositing abrasion-resisting coating layer on vacuum beam-plasma surface |
| CN101433990A (en) * | 2008-11-19 | 2009-05-20 | 南京宝色股份公司 | Overlaying welding method of large area carbide alloy of workpiece wear layer |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103911592A (en) * | 2014-03-19 | 2014-07-09 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Magnetron sputtering apparatus and method |
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| CN107584199A (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2018-01-16 | 洛阳骄新材料科技有限公司 | One kind silk filling injection is integrally formed three-layer composite board material and preparation method thereof |
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