Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of preparation method of phosphate modified acrylic ester emulsion, not only cost is lower, but and the flame retardant properties of Effective Raise polyacrylate dispersion.
The preparation method of described phosphate modified acrylic ester emulsion is:
(1) polymerization
To carry out a letex polymerization after 10-20 part methyl methacrylate, 2-3 part methacrylic acid, 1-2 part vinyl cyanide and the 10-15 part vinylbenzene pre-emulsification, obtain the polymerized emulsion that the pH value is 5-6 after adjusting the pH value, wherein polymericular weight is 2000-4000, and particle diameter is the 0.2-1 micron;
(2) after polymerization
After 30-45 part hydroxyethyl methacrylate Ester pre-emulsification, and 5-10 part phosphate ester monomer adds in polymerized emulsion together, carries out the secondary letex polymerization, obtains the phosphate modified acrylic ester emulsion of nucleocapsid structure,
Above-mentioned umber is mass fraction, and described phosphate ester monomer is trichloroethyl phosphate, trichlorine propyl phosphate or the positive ethyl ester of phosphoric acid, and the molecular weight of polymkeric substance is 2000-3000 in the phosphate modified acrylic ester emulsion of gained, and particle diameter is the 0.2-0.6 micron.
The nucleocapsid structure of phosphate modified acrylic ester emulsion can be confirmed by transmission electron microscope (hereinafter to be referred as the TEM) testing method of routine.
Preferably, use altogether emulsifying agent 2-5 part in a described polymerization and the after polymerization process, initiator 0.3-0.6 part, chain-transfer agent 2-4 part.
As preferred version, described phosphate modified acrylic ester emulsion obtains through the core-shell emulsion polymerization method with the raw material that following quality group becomes: methyl methacrylate 10-20%, methacrylic acid 2-3%, hydroxyethyl methacrylate Ester 30-45%, vinyl cyanide 1-2%, vinylbenzene 10-15%, phosphoric acid ester material 5-10%, emulsifying agent 2-5%, initiator 0.3-0.6%, chain-transfer agent 2-4%, buffered soln 3-5%, surplus is water, and wherein, described initiator is FeSO
47H
2The mass ratio of O, tertbutyl peroxide and rongalite is (0.5-1): (0.5-1): mixture (0.3-0.5), and the step of core-shell emulsion polymerization is as follows:
(1) polymerization
1.1 polymerized emulsion of pre-emulsification: with the 20-35% of water inventory, the emulsifying agent of 20-30% and all methyl methacrylate, vinylbenzene, methacrylic acid, vinyl cyanide, chain-transfer agent mixing prepare one time the polymerization pre-emulsion;
A 1.2 polymerization: the 35-50% that adds water inventory is added in the four-hole bottle, and one time the polymerization pre-emulsion also joins in the four-hole bottle, is heated to 60 ℃, adds the FeSO of 40-60%
47H
2O drips the 50-70% tertbutyl peroxide is dissolved in the solution that forms in the 2-5% water, and then drips rongalite and be dissolved in the solution that forms in the 2-5% water, and reaction adds buffered soln again and obtains polymerized emulsion one time after finishing;
(2) after polymerization
2.1 pre-emulsification after polymerization emulsion: the 20-30% of water inventory, remaining emulsifying agent and hydroxyethyl methacrylate Ester are mixed, and preparation after polymerization pre-emulsion cools off stand-by;
2.2 after polymerization process: a polymerized emulsion is heated to 80 ℃, drips after polymerization pre-emulsion, phosphate ester monomer and remaining tertbutyl peroxide and be dissolved in the solution that forms in the 3-8% water, 3~4h dropwises, and then adds remaining FeSO
47H
2React under the O, heat-retaining condition.
The hydroxyethyl methacrylate Ester is preferably hydroxyethyl methylacrylate or hydroxyethyl methacrylate monooctyl ester.
Described emulsifying agent is preferably polyoxyethylene nonylphenol ether vitriol or allyl polyethenoxy ether derivative vitriol, and polyoxyethylene nonylphenol ether vitriol preferred molecular weight is 600-700.
Described chain-transfer agent is preferably Dodecyl Mercaptan.
It is 50% ammonia soln that described buffered soln is preferably massfraction.Buffered soln can disposable whole addings when a polymerization, also can add in two batches when a polymerization and after polymerization, as long as guarantee that the pH value of polymerized emulsion makes it to stablize.
The present invention introduces the phosphoric acid ester with flame retardant properties in the acrylic ester emulsion building-up process, transesterification reaction by comonomer vinylformic acid hydroxyl Ester and phosphoric acid ester, make phosphate group and multipolymer form covalent bonds, it is high that acrylic ester emulsion after the modification has possessed flame retarding efficiency, little and the eco-friendly characteristics of corrodibility, effectively reduced the heat decomposition temperature of acrylic ester emulsion, improved its thermal stability, simultaneously, the vertical combustion experimental result of the phosphate modified acrylic ester emulsion after the film forming shows, belong to flameless combustion behind the emulsion film forming after the modification, and extinguish behind the 2s combustion time, smokelessly, without dropping, and good mechanical property and adhesive property in the situation that thermostability improves greatly, have been guaranteed.This invention has guaranteed the expansion of acrylic ester emulsion range of application, and has guaranteed at application safeties in particular cases such as high temperature, fire, and environmental protection is had important contribution.The phosphoric acid ester material that the present invention uses is common material, need not to prepare especially function monomer, and price is far below the unsaturated monomer of phosphoric acid group, so product cost is lower.
Embodiment
In following examples, the emulsion property testing method is as follows:
1) film-forming properties
Carry out polymer cement waterproof paint according to following proportioning and film, coating thickness 1.5mm ± 0.2mm, maintenance under the standard conditions after the demoulding (curing condition: 23 ± 2 ℃ of temperature, humidity 60 ± 5%) 168h observe and are coated with membrane stage:
Starting material |
Weight (g) |
Emulsion |
100 |
Water |
145 |
FOAMASTER
TMThe NXZ defoamer
|
0.5 |
Silicate cement P.O.42.5 |
100 |
Talcum powder 800 orders |
80 |
2) thermostability behind the emulsion film forming
Take by weighing 10g emulsion film forming in the tetrafluoroethylene mould, 50 ℃ of dryings 4 hours, carry out the DSC test, reference standard: GB/T19466.3-2004 plastics dsc (DSC) third part: the mensuration of temperature and enthalpy of melting and crystallization, and reference standard GB/T2408-1996 " Plastics Combustion method for testing performance Using Horizontal Bridgman Method and normal beam technique " carries out combustionproperty test, record heat decomposition temperature, combustion case and combustion time.
3) coating watertightness, cohesive strength, tensile property test
Reference standard: JC/T894-2001 " polymer cement waterproof paint " is according among the B 1) proportioning test.
Comparative Examples 1,
The component prescription is composed as follows:
Testing sequence: (1) monomer pre-emulsification: with 40% of water inventory, 50% polyoxyethylene nonylphenol ether vitriol, Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate emulsifying agent and whole ammonia soln join in the flask, drip methyl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl methylacrylate, vinylbenzene carries out the monomer pre-emulsification, time for adding 50min, temperature 40-50 ℃, stirring velocity 450-480r/min.
(2) letex polymerization: get 10% of above-mentioned pre-emulsification monomer and join in the remaining water, add simultaneously 80 ℃ of stirrings of remaining emulsifying agent, add 10% ammonium persulphate in this emulsion and stir 30min, emulsion presents light blue fluorescence, continue to drip remaining pre-emulsification monomer and initiator, time is controlled at 3-4h, and temperature is 75-80 ℃, obtains the emulsion of milky white colour band blue-fluorescence.
Comparative Examples 2,
The component prescription is composed as follows:
Testing sequence: (1) monomer pre-emulsification: with 40% of water inventory, 50% polyoxyethylene nonylphenol ether vitriol, Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate emulsifying agent and whole ammonia soln join in the flask, drip methyl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl methylacrylate, vinylbenzene carries out the monomer pre-emulsification, time for adding 50min, temperature 40-50 ℃, stirring velocity 450-480r/min.
(2) letex polymerization: get 10% of above-mentioned pre-emulsification monomer and join in the remaining water, add simultaneously 80 ℃ of stirrings of remaining emulsifying agent, add 10% ammonium persulphate in this emulsion and stir 30min, emulsion presents light blue fluorescence, continue to drip remaining pre-emulsification monomer and initiator, in dripping residue pre-emulsification monomer process, drip simultaneously the positive ethyl ester monomer of phosphoric acid, the front 30min that drips, emulsion, along with the emulsion viscosity that increases that drips the positive ethyl ester of phosphoric acid increases, there is gel seize phenomenon, the failure of an experiment to occur even occur.
Embodiment 1,
The component prescription is composed as follows:
Synthesis step is as follows:
(1) polymerization
With 20%, 30% emulsifying agent of water inventory and all methyl methacrylate, vinylbenzene, methacrylic acid, vinyl cyanide, Dodecyl Mercaptan join in the four-hole boiling flask, 50 ℃ of lower high-speed stirring prepare one time the polymerization pre-emulsion, cool off stand-by;
A polymerization process: add water inventory 50% in four-hole bottle, one time the polymerization pre-emulsion also joins in the four-hole bottle, is heated to 60 ℃, adds 40%FeSO
47H
2O drips 70% tertbutyl peroxide is dissolved in the solution that forms in 2% water, and then drips rongalite and be dissolved in the solution that forms in 5% water, reaction 30min.Add again 50% massfraction and be 50% ammonia soln.The molecular weight 2000 of a polymerized emulsion, 0.2 micron of particle diameter.
(2) after polymerization
With water inventory 20%, remaining emulsifying agent and hydroxyethyl methylacrylate be added in the four-hole boiling flask, 50 ℃ of lower high-speed stirring, preparation after polymerization pre-emulsion cools off stand-by;
The after polymerization process: a polymerized emulsion is heated to 80 ℃, drips after polymerization pre-emulsion, the positive ethyl ester monomer of phosphoric acid and remaining tertbutyl peroxide and be dissolved in the solution that forms in 3% water, 3.5h dropwises, and then adds remaining FeSO
47H
2O, insulation 1h.
Show that by the scattering of light result emulsion molecular weight is 2800, particle diameter is 0.3 micron.
The emulsion property test result is as follows:
1) film-forming properties
Specimen surface after maintenance is uniform and smooth, without bubble, hollowing, pinprick and orange peel phenomenon.
2) thermostability behind the emulsion film forming
3) coating watertightness, cohesive strength, tensile property test
Sample |
Tensile strength/MPa |
Elongation at break/% |
Cohesive strength/MPa |
Watertightness |
Comparative Examples 1 |
1.85 |
307 |
1.13 |
0.3MPa 30min is waterproof |
Embodiment |
1 |
2.02 |
298 |
1.15 |
0.3MPa 30min is waterproof |
Embodiment 2,
The component prescription is composed as follows:
Synthesis step is as follows:
(1) polymerization
With 20%, 30% emulsifying agent of water inventory and all methyl methacrylate, vinylbenzene, methacrylic acid, vinyl cyanide, Dodecyl Mercaptan join in the four-hole boiling flask, 50 ℃ of lower high-speed stirring prepare one time the polymerization pre-emulsion, cool off stand-by;
A polymerization process: add water inventory 50% in four-hole bottle, one time the polymerization pre-emulsion also joins in the four-hole bottle, is heated to 60 ℃, adds 40%FeSO
47H
2O drips 70% tertbutyl peroxide is dissolved in the solution that forms in 2% water, and then drips rongalite and be dissolved in the solution that forms in 5% water, reaction 30min.Add again 50% massfraction and be 50% ammonia soln.The molecular weight 2200 of a polymerized emulsion, 0.2 micron of particle diameter.
(2) after polymerization
With water inventory 20%, remaining emulsifying agent and hydroxyethyl methylacrylate class material be added in the four-hole boiling flask, 50 ℃ of lower high-speed stirring, preparation after polymerization pre-emulsion cools off stand-by;
The after polymerization process: a polymerized emulsion is heated to 80 ℃, drips after polymerization pre-emulsion, trichloroethyl phosphate and remaining tertbutyl peroxide and be dissolved in the solution that forms in 3% water, 3.5h dropwises, and then adds remaining FeSO
47H
2O, insulation 1h.
Show that by the scattering of light result emulsion molecular weight is 3000, particle diameter is 0.3 micron.
The emulsion property test result:
1) film-forming properties
Specimen surface after maintenance is uniform and smooth, without bubble, hollowing, pinprick and orange peel phenomenon.
2) thermostability behind the emulsion film forming
3) coating watertightness, cohesive strength, tensile property test
Sample |
Tensile strength/MPa |
Elongation at break/% |
Cohesive strength/MPa |
Watertightness |
Comparative Examples 1 |
1.68 |
300 |
1.12 |
0.3MPa 30min is waterproof |
Embodiment 2 |
1.81 |
287 |
1.15 |
0.3MPa 30min is waterproof |
Embodiment 3,
The component prescription is composed as follows:
Synthesis step is as follows:
(1) polymerization
With 20%, 30% emulsifying agent of water inventory and all methyl methacrylate, vinylbenzene, methacrylic acid, vinyl cyanide, Dodecyl Mercaptan join in the four-hole boiling flask, 50 ℃ of lower high-speed stirring prepare one time the polymerization pre-emulsion, cool off stand-by;
A polymerization process: add water inventory 50% in four-hole bottle, one time the polymerization pre-emulsion also joins in the four-hole bottle, is heated to 60 ℃, adds 40%FeSO
47H
2O drips 70% tertbutyl peroxide is dissolved in the solution that forms in 2% water, and then drips rongalite and be dissolved in the solution that forms in 5% water, reaction 30min.Add again 50% massfraction and be 50% ammonia soln.The molecular weight 3000 of a polymerized emulsion, 0.4 micron of particle diameter.
(2) after polymerization
With water inventory 20%, remaining emulsifying agent and hydroxyethyl methacrylate monooctyl ester class material be added in the four-hole boiling flask, 50 ℃ of lower high-speed stirring, preparation after polymerization pre-emulsion cools off stand-by;
The after polymerization process: a polymerized emulsion is heated to 80 ℃, drips after polymerization pre-emulsion, trichlorine propyl phosphate and remaining tertbutyl peroxide and be dissolved in the solution that forms in 3% water, 3.5h dropwises, and then adds remaining FeSO
47H
2O, insulation 1h.
Show that by the scattering of light result emulsion molecular weight is 4000, particle diameter is 0.4 micron.
The emulsion property test result is as follows:
1) film-forming properties
Specimen surface after maintenance is uniform and smooth, without bubble, hollowing, pinprick and orange peel phenomenon.
2) thermostability behind the emulsion film forming
3) coating watertightness, cohesive strength, tensile property test
Sample |
Tensile strength/MPa |
Elongation at break/% |
Cohesive strength/MPa |
Watertightness |
Comparative Examples 1 |
1.96 |
321 |
1.13 |
0.3MPa 30min is waterproof |
Embodiment 3 |
2.12 |
308 |
1.15 |
0.3MPa 30min is waterproof |
Embodiment 4,
The component prescription is composed as follows:
Synthesis step is as follows:
(1) polymerization
With 20%, 30% emulsifying agent of water inventory and all methyl methacrylate, vinylbenzene, methacrylic acid, vinyl cyanide, Dodecyl Mercaptan join in the four-hole boiling flask, 50 ℃ of lower high-speed stirring prepare one time the polymerization pre-emulsion, cool off stand-by;
A polymerization process: add water inventory 50% in four-hole bottle, one time the polymerization pre-emulsion also joins in the four-hole bottle, is heated to 60 ℃, adds 40%FeSO
47H
2O drips 70% tertbutyl peroxide is dissolved in the solution that forms in 2% water, and then drips rongalite and be dissolved in the solution that forms in 5% water, reaction 30min.Add again 50% massfraction and be 50% ammonia soln.The molecular weight 2600 of a polymerized emulsion, 0.3 micron of particle diameter.
(2) after polymerization
With water inventory 20%, remaining emulsifying agent and hydroxyethyl methacrylate monooctyl ester class material be added in the four-hole boiling flask, 50 ℃ of lower high-speed stirring, preparation after polymerization pre-emulsion cools off stand-by;
The after polymerization process: a polymerized emulsion is heated to 80 ℃, drips after polymerization pre-emulsion, trichloroethyl phosphate and remaining tertbutyl peroxide and be dissolved in the solution that forms in 3% water, 3.5h dropwises, and then adds remaining FeSO
47H
2O, insulation 1h.
Show that by the scattering of light result emulsion molecular weight is 3000, particle diameter is 0.3 micron.
The emulsion property test result:
1) film-forming properties
Specimen surface after maintenance is uniform and smooth, without bubble, hollowing, pinprick and orange peel phenomenon.
2) thermostability behind the emulsion film forming
3) coating watertightness, cohesive strength, tensile property test
Sample |
Tensile strength/MPa |
Elongation at break/% |
Cohesive strength/MPa |
Watertightness |
Comparative Examples 1 |
1.76 |
300 |
1.10 |
0.3MPa 30min is waterproof |
Embodiment 4 |
1.98 |
286 |
1.13 |
0.3MPa 30min is waterproof |
Through the TEM test, Comparative Examples 1 and the resulting emulsion of embodiment 1-4 are complete form of spherical particles, and the inside and outside bright-dark degree of particle is different, and the outer layer depth of internal color can be inferred as the nucleocapsid structure with sphere.