CN102393636A - Control system and method for petroleum refining process - Google Patents
Control system and method for petroleum refining process Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a control system and a control method for the petroleum refining process. The analytical data of raw material feeding and a refined product in the petroleum refining process can be detected and analyzed in real time on line and is provided for an optimizer; the optimizer acquires related control variable data according to the established association model between a variable to be estimated and the analytical data and sends the related control variable data to an advanced process control (APC) system; and the APC system generates a control and adjustment instruction of a specific refining process in the petroleum refining process according to the received related control variable data and controls the specific refining process. The analytical data is acquired in real time on line, and the petroleum refining process is subjected to optimized control and adjustment in real time according to the analytical data, so fluctuation in the process can be reduced, the designed most reasonable and most stable state is approached to the greatest extent, the production efficiency of a petroleum refining process device and the quality of the product are improved, the service cycle of the petroleum refining process device is prolonged, and the profit of the petroleum refining process can be maximized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the analysis and Control field of petrochemical process, particularly a kind of control system and method to petroleum refining process.
Background technology
A lot of refinerys manufacture and design the pattern that also rests on original support crude oil; The physicochemical property parameter of the raw material charging that just will handle is consistent basically; Physicochemical property parameter according to this raw material charging is provided with petroleum refining process then; This process is made up of the oil refining process independence or the refining process of uniting execution, and the controlled variable of each refining process is carried out the design of desire amount, when control, can revise or be provided with.
Here, the physicochemical property parameter of raw material charging includes but not limited to: API degree, sulfur content, flash-point, liquid water content, nickel content, content of vanadium and salt content etc.The refining process of crude oil not only receives the influence of API degree, though the raw material charging in the same place of production in the different periods, its character, just the physicochemical property parameter also is different.Wherein, the API degree is a kind of the measuring that American Petroleum Institute (API) (American Petroleum Institute) works out, in order to expression Crude Oil & Petroleum Products density.
The control system synoptic diagram of the oil refining process that Fig. 1 carries out for prior art, as shown in the figure, comprise oil refining process process module and technological process control module, wherein,
The oil refining process process module is made up of the oil refining process independence or the refining process of uniting execution, with receiving the raw material charging, handles through the independence in the oil refining process flow process or the refining process of uniting execution, obtains refining product;
The technological process control module is used for setting to the concrete refining process controlled variable of oil refining process process module or/and revise.
Along with the energy crisis that causes because global resources are limited; The petroleum refining intensification of competition; Petroleum refining industry need make the profit maximization of product; Therefore need refine such as the crude oil that uses different cheaply physicochemical property parameters, at this moment, in refining process; Oil refining process independence or the control of uniting the refining process of execution then differ bigger for the crude oil of different physicochemical property parameters, and the physicochemical property parameter that needs based on crude is carried out the setting of controlled variable or/and revise to the oil refining process independence or the refining process of uniting execution.
At present; Adopt artificial mode to carry out said process; Just regularly detect, be generally one day or carried out analyzing and testing in several days one time, according to analysis result the concrete refining process controlled variable in the oil refining process process module is adjusted and reset then the raw material charging is artificial.But such analysis result is little to the directive significance of refining process, and the jar angle oil that the charging of last consignment of raw material is detained all can appear in the petroleum tank that is used to store the raw material charging; Raw material charging when the physicochemical property parameter of the raw material charging in jar is not equivalent to manual detection; Further, each refining process in the oil refining process process module, and between each refining process in the interconnective pipeline; It possibly not be the parameter of the raw material charging of manual detection that the crude oil that all switches owing to the raw material charging causes the physicochemical property parameter of raw material charging wherein; Physicochemical property parameter with the raw material charging is analyzed, and the analysis result that obtains generates existing refining process adjustment information so that the adjustment refining process through comparing with master pattern; Do the quality that not only can influence final refining product like this; Also can cause the oil refining process fluctuation, process unit efficient reduces, and can increase potential safety hazard.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a kind of control system to petroleum refining process, and this system can improve the quality and the process unit efficient of refining product, reduces oil refining process fluctuation and potential safety hazard.
The present invention also provides a kind of control method to petroleum refining process, and this method can improve the quality and the process unit efficient of refining product, reduces oil refining process fluctuation and potential safety hazard.
Technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in that
A kind of control system to petroleum refining process comprises: oil refining process process module, technological process control module, on-line analysis apparatus system, optimizer and the APC of optimal control system, wherein,
The oil refining process process module is made up of the independence in the oil refining process flow process or the refining process of uniting execution, is used to receive the raw material charging, handles through the independence in the oil refining process flow process or the refining process of uniting execution, obtains refining product;
The technological process control module is used for the control adjustment instruction that relevant control variable that APC sends here according to optimizer generates relevant oil refining process flow process, and the concrete refining process in the relevant oil refining process process module is controlled;
The on-line analysis device is used for detecting in real time and analyzing oil refining process flow process raw material charging or/and refine product, obtains raw material charging in the oil refining process flow process or/and the analysis data of refining product offer optimizer;
Optimizer is used for being treated predictor and analyzing the correlation model between data according to what set up, obtains the corresponding relevant control variable data of analysis data that receive with the on-line analysis device, offers APC;
APC is used for confirming according to the relevant control variable data of received correspondence the control adjustment of the concrete refining process of oil refining process flow process, and generates the steering order of relevant oil refining process flow process, sends to the technological process control module.
A kind of control method to petroleum refining process, foundation treat predictor and analyze the correlation model between data that this method also comprises:
Detection is in real time also analyzed raw material charging in the oil refining process flow process or/and the refining product obtains raw material charging in the oil refining process flow process or/and the analysis data of refining product;
Treated predictor and analyze the correlation model between data according to what set up, obtain analyzing the corresponding relevant control variable data of data;
Carry out the specifically control of refining process in the oil refining process flow process according to the relevant control variable data that obtain, charging is refined to raw material, obtains refining product.
Can find out from such scheme; Control system provided by the invention and control method online in real time detect and analyze raw material charging in the oil refining process flow process or/and the analysis data of refining product; Offer optimizer; Optimizer is treated predictor and is analyzed the correlation model between data according to what set up; Obtain analyzing the corresponding relevant control variable data of data, send to optimal control system (APC), APC confirms and carries out the generation of the control adjustment instruction of concrete refining process in the oil refining process flow process according to the relevant control variable data of received correspondence.Because the present invention is that online in real time is obtained the analysis data; And carry out the reasonable adjustment of real-time oil refining process flow process according to analyzing data; And adjust the oil refining process flow process by manual control according to the raw material charging unlike the prior art that kind; So the present invention can improve the quality and the process unit efficient of refining product, reduce oil refining process fluctuation and potential safety hazard.Realize refining process's maximize revenue.
Description of drawings
The control system synoptic diagram of the petroleum refining process that Fig. 1 carries out for prior art;
Fig. 2 is the control system synoptic diagram of the petroleum refining process that carries out provided by the invention;
Fig. 3 is the control method process flow diagram of the petroleum refining process that carries out provided by the invention;
Fig. 4 influences synoptic diagram for crude quality fluctuation among the present invention to downstream product;
Fig. 5 is a crude oil mediation control specific embodiment synoptic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the distillation control specific embodiment synoptic diagram of prior art;
Fig. 7 is a distillation control specific embodiment synoptic diagram provided by the invention;
The structural representation of the catalytic cracking control procedure that Fig. 8 provides for prior art;
Fig. 9 is the influence synoptic diagram of catalytic cracking of the present invention to raw material coking rate;
Figure 10 is the structural representation of catalytic cracking control procedure provided by the invention;
Figure 11 is the structural representation of product oil mediation control procedure of the present invention;
Shown in Figure 12 is on-line analysis device NMR analysis result prediction true boiling point distillation (TBP, True boiling point distillation) 365C curve synoptic diagram of the present invention;
Shown in Figure 13 is on-line analysis device NMR analysis result prediction TBP565C curve synoptic diagram of the present invention;
Figure 14 is on-line analysis device NMR analysis result TBP prediction of the present invention and actual curve contrast synoptic diagram;
Figure 15 is on-line analysis device NMR analysis result TBP prediction of the present invention and actual curve contrast synoptic diagram.
Embodiment
For making the object of the invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below with reference to the accompanying drawing embodiment that develops simultaneously, the present invention is done further explain.
Raw material charging or product analysis data that the adjustment to the oil refining process flow process of prior art is based on artificial timing acquiring and detects; In view of the above the refining process of oil refining process flow process is adjusted then, because the manual detection time is long, and timing acquiring also has certain time interval; The raw material charging of change of properties or the refining process of product are adjusted probably to follow-up so according to the raw material charging that obtains or product analysis data; Very mistake is arranged, and the quality of the refining product that influence finally obtains reduces, even can cause the oil refining process fluctuation; Process unit efficient reduces, and can increase potential safety hazard.
In order to address this problem; The present invention proposes the online in real time detection and analyzes raw material charging in the oil refining process flow process or/and the analysis data of refining product; Offer optimizer; Optimizer is treated predictor and is analyzed the correlation model between data according to what set up; Obtain analyzing the corresponding relevant control variable data of data, send to optimal control system (APC), APC confirms and carries out the generation of the control adjustment instruction of concrete refining process in the oil refining process flow process according to the relevant control variable data of received correspondence.
Because the present invention is that online in real time is obtained the analysis data; And carry out the reasonable adjustment of real-time oil refining process flow process according to analyzing data; And adjust the oil refining process flow process by manual control according to the raw material charging unlike the prior art that kind; So can improve the quality of refining product, improve process unit efficient, reduce oil refining process fluctuation and potential safety hazard.Realize refining process's maximize revenue.
Fig. 2 comprises: oil refining process process module, technological process control module, on-line analysis device, optimizer and APC for the control system synoptic diagram of the petroleum refining process that carries out provided by the invention.Wherein, the unit that on-line analysis device, optimizer and APC increase newly for the present invention,
The oil refining process process module is made up of the independence in the oil refining process flow process or the refining process of uniting execution, is used to receive the raw material charging, handles through the independence in the oil refining process flow process or the refining process of uniting execution, obtains refining product;
The technological process control module is used for the control adjustment instruction that relevant control variable that APC sends here according to optimizer generates relevant oil refining process flow process, and the concrete refining process in the relevant oil refining process process module is controlled;
The on-line analysis device is used for detecting in real time and analyzing oil refining process flow process raw material charging or/and refine product, obtains raw material charging in the oil refining process flow process or/and the analysis data of refining product offer optimizer;
Optimizer is used for being treated predictor and analyzing the correlation model between data according to what set up, obtains the corresponding relevant control variable data of analysis data that receive with the on-line analysis device, offers APC;
APC is used for confirming according to the relevant control variable data of received correspondence the control adjustment of the concrete refining process of oil refining process flow process, and generates the steering order of relevant oil refining process flow process, sends to the technological process control module.
In this embodiment, the oil refining process process module is used for the whole refining process that begins from the raw material charging, comprises many production equipments of refining process, like controllable valve, heating furnace, reactor, regenerator, distillation column, pipeline, head tank and product jar etc.
The technological process control module comprises the control to the oil refining process process module, mainly comprises production run controls such as oil flow control, temperature of reaction control, reaction time control, catalyst flow control, gas flow control, Level Detection, intermingled dregs ratio.
In this embodiment, the on-line analysis device can comprise nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) on-line analysis device, X-ray on-line analysis device, spectrum on line analytical equipment and chromatogram on-line analysis device etc.
The ultimate principle of nuclear magnetic resonance on-line analysis device is: radio-frequency oscillator produces the continuous wave radiofrequency signal of certain frequency; Become radio-frequency pulse through the emission door by pulsed modulation, zoom into strong and short radio-frequency pulse through radio-frequency power amplifier and be added on the sample coil in the probe.Because this pulse is square pulse, it has comprised stimulating frequency.If these pulses of radiation satisfy the NMR condition, then after pulse, will induce the interferogram of the resonance signal that contains sample at receiving coil.This signal is the signal of decaying in time, and (free induction decay, FID), it is a time domain function to be called the free damping signal.This signal is added to radio frequency amplifier through receiving gate and amplifies.Leak on the receiver for fear of transmitter power, when transmitter was worked, receiver broke off; When transmitter breaks off, operation of receiver.Here it is, and so-called time sharing system receives method.Signal through after the radio frequency amplifier amplification carries out detection through phase sensitive detector, obtains the FID signal.The FID signal is delivered to A/D converter become digital signal; Just can pass through special Fourier transform and other processing; Obtain common NMR wave spectrum, with required spectral data, for example the intensity at peak, chemical shift etc. show through graphoscope or other display equipment.
The ultimate principle of X-ray on-line analysis device is when certain material during by higher certain rayed of energy, and this material is launched the visible light that color and intensity have nothing in common with each other immediately, stop irradiation after, this light has just disappeared, this kind light becomes fluorescence.If with the photon or the charged particle bombardment sample of certain energy, sample produces secondary X-ray immediately, this X ray is called fluorescent X-ray.The wavelength of fluorescent X-ray depends on atomic number, therefore, uses XRF on-line analysis device just can confirm element kind and content in the testing sample according to fluorescent X-ray wavelength and intensity.
The ultimate principle of spectrum on line analytical equipment; In spectroscopic analysis methods; Modal is ultraviolet spectrum and infrared spectrum; All belong to molecular absorption spectrum, molecular absorption spectrum is that vibration and the pairing transition between energy level of rotation of molecule between electron motion, each atom or the atomic group produces by 3 kinds of different motion states of molecule.Because therefore 3 kinds of energy differences that energy level transition is required can produce 3 kinds of differing absorption spectrum, i.e. rotation spectrum, vibrational spectrum and electronic spectrum.Infrared spectrum is between visible region and microwave, and its wavelength coverage is about 0.78～300um.Generally infrared spectrum is divided near infrared 0.78～2.5um, in infrared 2.5～50um and 3 zones of far infrared 50～300um.The chemical bond vibration frequency of most organic compounds and inorganic ions is in mid infrared region, and therefore, the infrared absorption spectrum on-line measuring device is the most effective, also important for the molecular structure and the variety of issue in the chemical composition that solve material.
Chromatogram on-line analysis device ultimate principle; Chromatography is called chromatography again; Chromatography is to utilize in the tested potpourri each monomer component in stationary phase and moving phase, to have different partition factors and absorb character such as adhesion in essence; When two do relative motion mutually, separated each component of each potpourri two mutually in the experience complicated repeated dispensing or absorption and desorption and experience a segment distance displacement after, even the partition factor between each separated component differs extremely small; Also separated coming fully just can pick out respective components through detecting device.
In this embodiment, the on-line analysis device technique advantage that mediation is upward used to product mainly shows and can substitute a plurality of instrument, reduces maintenance cost significantly; Eliminate artificial in subjectivity and operate miss that lab analysis brought; Model manipulation drops into low; Model allows the outer unknown sample value of calibration set is carried out outside forecast; Install simple and conveniently, obtain analyzing data fast.
In this embodiment; Set up in the optimizer and treated predictor and analyze the correlation model between data; The mode of setting up of model has varied; And have mutually and intersect and merge, modeling pattern mainly comprises: the modeling of analyzing based on process mechanism, based on the modeling of regretional analysis, based on the modeling of artificial neural network, based on the modeling of pattern-recognition, based on the modeling of fuzzy mathematics, based on the modeling of SVMs, based on the modeling of process tomographic imaging, based on the modeling of correlation analysis and based on the methods such as modeling of the Modern Nonlinear information processing technology.
In this embodiment, have during APC multiple-input and multiple-output, based on model, ability and optimizational function form by estimating, and can control and optimize the industrial process that highly is coupled.
In this embodiment; The oil refining process process module comprises crude oil harmonic process module, still-process module, catalytic cracking process module and product oil harmonic process module; The control of oil refining process process module is comprised the control of crude oil harmonic process module, still-process module, catalytic cracking process module and product oil harmonic process module, below explanation respectively.
Control to crude oil harmonic process module
Charging detects and analyzes the on-line analysis device to raw material; The analysis data of obtaining are exactly constituent information; Comprise: true boiling point (TBP, TRUE BOILING POINT), API degree, liquid water content, viscosity, sulfur content and API send to optimizer then to data such as yield predictions;
Optimizer is used for being treated predictor and analyzing the correlation model between data according to what set up, obtains the corresponding crude oil mediation control variable data of analysis data that receive with the on-line analysis device.Offer APC;
APC is used for the crude oil mediation control variable data according to correspondence.Confirm regulating command to the different quality numerical control mediation valve of crude oil mediation technological process module.
The stability of crude oil composition is one of principal element that guarantees the refinery processes process stabilization, thereby brings more stable operation.This must improve the oil refining quality, cuts down the consumption of energy, and improves equipment dependability.
Crude oil is in harmonious proportion also directly influences the optimization of product cut point, controllable quality, effective treatment capacity of device, and energy consumption.It also influences the production efficiency of process process equipment simultaneously.
Crude oil through the advanced person is in harmonious proportion; Just can improve the working ability of the stability of the atmospheric distillation plant (CDU) in the oil refining process process module; Improve the processed ability and the high value added product yield of whole oil refining process, stabilization process production also can improve the downstream unit good working order.
Charging provides more efficient use and management to raw material, realizes refining process's maximize revenue.
Control to the still-process module
The on-line analysis device detects and analyzes raw material charging and refining product; The analysis data of obtaining are exactly constituent information; Comprise: API degree, TBP, sulfur content, liquid water content, TAN, arene content, API prophetic yields and the refining product octane value handled through distil process (RON, MON), proportion, density, auspicious moral vapour pressure (RVP; Reid Vapor Pressure), naphthalene content, straight-chain paraffin, isoparaffin; Aromatic hydrocarbons, data such as naphthenic hydrocarbon and alkene (PIONA), viscosity, pour point, cetane index, flash-point, cloud point and solidifying point send to optimizer;
Optimizer; Be used for being treated predictor and analyzing the correlation model between data according to what set up; Obtain the corresponding distillation control variable data of analysis data that receive with the on-line analysis device, these distillation control variable data have comprised the control data to CDU, offer APC;
APC; Be used for according to distillation control variable data; Definite control adjustment instruction that the different quality characteristic of distil process process module is regulated; Concrete adjustment control adjustment instruction comprises the maximization of the optimization that realizes the distil process cut point, production quality control, charging rate, energy optimization and avoid regulating and controlling instruction such as technological fluctuation.
Use the real-time online analysis can guarantee business earnings, supply chain optimization enlarges the scope of selecting raw material, can buy raw material from crude oil market according to both working out a scheme, and the crude oil on-line evaluation can improve the profit margin of oil refining.Be the control that still-process provides, improve the yield of high value added product, make the working ability maximization of device, can recover 70%, improve the downstream unit performance of products owing to the unstable working ability that loses of technology.
The control of catalytic cracking process module
The on-line analysis device detects and analyzes raw material charging and refining product; The analysis data of obtaining are exactly constituent information; Comprise: raw material charging long residuum, vacuum gas oil, viscosity breaking gas oil, coking VGO measurement of correlation project API degree, viscosity, product of distillation, sulfur content, proportion, alkane, aromaticity, naphthalene content and carbon content; The relevant measurement project that needs of refining products C 3/C4, gasoline, heavy naphtha, light cycle (LCO), heavy recycle stock (HCO) to catalytic cracking; Comprise density, flash-point, condensation point, cloud point, benzene content, octane value and data such as bitumen content and basic nitrogen, send to optimizer then;
Optimizer is used for being treated predictor and analyzing the correlation model between data according to what set up, obtains the corresponding catalytic cracking control variable data of analysis data that receive with the on-line analysis device, offers APC;
APC is used for according to catalytic cracking control variable data, confirms the control adjustment instruction that the FCC process in the catalytic cracking process module is regulated.
Like this; Be affected with regard to having improved the working ability that the device processes process of bringing for the FCC production procedure because the raw material feed component is unstable suffers restraints, product yield changes, install; The operation of regenerator, the operation of rich gas compressor are affected and harmful effect such as energy consumption increase, thereby improve production capacity and acceptance rate.
Here, the method for the FCC process being controlled mainly comprises: guiding valve & settler material level to be generated is controlled method automatically; Slurry oil extraction amount is adjusted regenerator temperature method etc. at the bottom of the tower.Above control method is mainly through regulating and control temperature of reaction and monitor, but temperature of reaction receives multiple factor affecting, can not represent reaction depth fully, therefore transfers excellent actual effect unsatisfactory with temperature of reaction.The present invention can also adopt the control to constraint, catalyst poisoning and the regeneration of the control of the coking rate of catalyzer, sulfur content.
Process control comprises to FCC: the raw material charging is prepared; Reactor/regenerator; Main fractionating tower, the control of the gas apparatus in rich gas compressor and downstream, typical Action Target comprises: device working ability maximization, when improving the high value added product yield to maximum yield; Guarantee product quality, optimize the energy, the conversion of control product, improve the security and the reliability of production, increase the benefit through steady production.
The control of product oil harmonic process module
The on-line analysis device detects and analyzes the raw material charging; The analysis data of obtaining are exactly the constituent information of component jar and product jar; Comprise: methyl alcohol, ethanol, API degree, flash-point, cloud point, pour point, solidifying point, cetane index, viscosity, research octane number (RON) (RON), motor octane number (MON), standard test method value (D86), 93 ℃ of distillation yields and 149 ℃ of distillation yields (E200&E300), aromatic hydrocarbons, benzene, oxidation sediment, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), TAME (TAME) and ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) (ETBE) send to optimizer;
Optimizer is used for being treated predictor and analyzing the correlation model between data according to what set up that obtain and the oily control variable data that are in harmonious proportion of the analysis data corresponding finished of on-line analysis device reception, just the harmonic proportion data offer APC;
APC is used for generating the mediation steering order in the product oil mediation technological process module according to product oil mediation control variable data.
From taking all factors into consideration of Technological Economy, add the limitation of oil refining apparatus technology, many primary production oiliness of each oil refining apparatus production can generally all can not directly satisfy the requirement of various oil qualities, like the requirement of gasoline, diesel oil, lubricating oil series products quality.
In order to reduce cost, energy savings, to raise the efficiency, optimize technology; Usually need in primary production oil, add adjuvant; Or, make full use of the physico-chemical property of different component oil, performance premium properties separately through the blending that bi-component, polycomponent half product oil are pressed different proportion; Learn from other's strong points to offset one's weaknesses each other, to reach the product quality of customer requirements.Along with the enforcement of gasoline and diesel oil upgrading new standard, the further raising of quality of lubrication oil, promoted the development of petroleum products blending technology more, and improved product quality and performance greatly.
Product oil is in harmonious proportion the controlled target of unit and shows the structure of the different blend components of accurate analysis, guarantees to be in harmonious proportion the qualified of product; The high added value component is in harmonious proportion with cheap component, can reach the quality control target of product, can improve the profit of product like this; Through analyzing the quality of blend component and final products, can calculate best harmonic proportion; Employing numeral mediation head is carried out a mediation operating process.The control income that is in harmonious proportion comprises: reduce harmonic ratio again, make storage become more effectively, improve that refinery is made a plan and the ability of executive plan.
In product oil is in harmonious proportion the control procedure of unit, adopt the mediation control mode method of following product: but feedforward control is provided, the quality of FEEDBACK CONTROL comprehensive evaluation product jar and component jar is provided and through a mediation deisgn product quality for the mass change of product for the mass change of component.
Gasoline/diesel oil be in harmonious proportion the control income statement now in the mass excess that can reduce product, reduce be in harmonious proportion again, reduce the stock, to product quality and quality edge be better controlled, reduce high value added product consumption, realize maximize revenue.
Fig. 3 is the control method process flow diagram of the petroleum refining process that carries out provided by the invention, and treating predictor and analyzing the correlation model between data of foundation, treats that in fact predictor is exactly relevant control variable here, and its concrete steps are:
Step 302, treated predictor and analyze the correlation model between data, obtain analyzing the corresponding relevant control variable data of data according to what set up;
In the method, comprised crude oil mediation, distillation, catalytic cracking and product oil have been in harmonious proportion the control of technological process.
Fig. 4 influences synoptic diagram for crude quality fluctuation among the present invention to downstream product; As shown in the figure: transverse axis is a time shaft among the figure; The longitudinal axis is a quality fluctuation comprehensive evaluation, and crude quality switches a little 2004, can find out the variation of generation in control downstream product 2002 and 2003 figure; Along with crude oil switches moment 2004 and switches back 2005 small concussions maintenances; And the downstream product components just tend towards stability gradually after FEEDBACK CONTROL is started to control a CDU generation counter-rotating 2006 and distillation column generation technology adjustment action 2007,2008, can find out the quality fluctuation that does not have collection in real time and real-time optimization to bring to downstream product from time shaft.Fig. 4 middle and lower reaches product 2009 is gasoline products T10 under 10% the recovered (distilled) temperature, and 2010 is gasoline products T90 under 90% the recovered (distilled) temperature, and 2011 is that gasoline products T50 and 2012 is epoxy resin product EP under 50% the recovered (distilled) temperature.
Below lifting several specific embodiments is elaborated to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a crude oil mediation control specific embodiment synoptic diagram of the present invention.As shown in the figure; The oil refining process process module comprises crude oil storage tank 3001, crude oil storage tank 3002 and crude oil storage tank 3003, and the technological process control module comprises the valve 3004 of controlling crude oil storage tank 3001, crude oil storage tank 3002 and crude oil storage tank 3003 respectively.Raw material charging in 3007 pairs of crude oil storage tank 3001 of on-line analysis device, crude oil storage tank 3002 and the crude oil storage tank 3003 detects and analyzes; Drawing component data 3008 sends to optimizer 3006 and is optimized processing; Optimizer is derived the data of each valve 3004 of control and is sent to APC3005 according to controlling models; APC3005 specifically controls the generation that adjustment is instructed according to the controlling models data to the flow size and the switching time of each valve 3004 again, offers each valve 3004 and controls.
In this embodiment, on-line analysis device 3007 can accurately detect each crude oil storage tank and wait to transfer crude oil and oil component variation, the final change of component precision of crude oil after can guaranteeing to be in harmonious proportion.So just can guarantee to use the crude oil of different qualities to refine oil production; Thereby guarantee the component and the stay in grade of the feedstock oil that oil refining production is required through the crude oil mediation; Thereby utilize crude oil at a low price to greatest extent, and guaranteed the quality of high-quality product, realize maximize revenue.
Fig. 6 is the distillation control specific embodiment synoptic diagram of prior art; As shown in the figure: the oil refining process process module comprises crude oil storage tank 4001; Crude oil storage tank 4002 and CDU4004, the technological process control module comprises the flow control valve 4003 of controlling crude oil storage tank 4001 and crude oil storage tank 4002 respectively, crude oil storage tank 4001 and crude oil storage tank 4002; Deliver to CDU4004 through flow control valve 4003, handle obtaining initial product 4005 through CDU.Distillation control comprises that every day is at its distillage of lab analysis and oil component 4009; Along with having one group of off-line, production equipment presets model 4007; Preset the data that model dependency obtains one group of crude assay packets of information 4008 through crude oil and off-line and give on-line analysis model 4006; In conjunction with the product and the oil component information that detect from 4009 laboratory, thereby can produce a real-time control data in online several minutes, realize industry automatic control the production scene to CDU 4004.
Oil refining enterprise for the foundation of original support oil field; Just keep this state production to get final product because raw material oil supplying relative fixed, the production procedure of generally refining oil reach optimum, that is to say that just be omitted in its distillation data 4009 of lab analysis every day; This is little for the relatively-stationary production problem of raw material; But for present domestic oilfield exploitation resource scarcity, output descends and the contention of international oil refining enterprise to raw materials market year by year, so the drawback that this mode comes out is more and more.
Fig. 7 is a distillation control specific embodiment synoptic diagram provided by the invention; As shown in the figure: crude oil storage tank 5001 and crude oil storage tank 5002; Deliver to distillation column 5003 through flow control valve 5008; Handle to obtain initial product through distillation column 5003, go out the component information of feedstock oil and initial product through 5004 real-time analysiss of on-line analysis device, some On-line Control data that these information and distillation column feed back are given optimizer 5006; Optimizer 5006 rule of thumb Optimization Model and above-mentioned data provides the control data of distillation column 5003, gives APC 5007 and generates the production control adjustment instruction that is fit to distillation column 5003 and carry out the optimization of real-time online production run.
The structural representation of the catalytic cracking control procedure that Fig. 8 provides for prior art, catalytic cracking is the important device of crude oil secondary processing, the optimal control of its process is the important means that further improves product quality.Catalytic cracking process comprises that with the heavy constituent in the crude oil 6001 paraffinum liquidum, long residuum, vacuum residuum etc. are primary raw material.Under the effect of catalyzer, through cracking reaction heavy constituent are split into light constituent, be converted into products 6005 such as dry gas, liquefied gas, gasoline, diesel oil sea jar (unit of capacitance) coke, unconverted part is got back to reactor 6002 once more and is participated in reaction (being called recycle stock).Usually the catalytic cracking reaction process comprises steps such as reaction, sedimentation, regeneration, fractionation and absorption be stable.Charging gets into reactor through nozzle, mixes back vaporization rapidly with the high temperature catalyst of coming from regenerator 6003.Gas entrainment after the vaporization catalyzer and is risen along reactor, gets into settler, when rising, accomplishes the cracking reaction of heat absorption, and the coke that produces in the reaction loses activity it attached to catalyst surface.Reacted oil gas is in settler and catalyst separation, and oil gas gets into knockout tower 6004, and catalyzer then gets into regenerator 6003 and burns.Main air is advanced in regenerator 6003 bottoms, makes the catalyzer air-flowization burn reaction, replys activity of such catalysts.Catalyzer after the regeneration gets into reactor 6002 along pipeline through the regeneration guiding valve and recycles, and the heat that burns generation is also brought reactor 6002 into by catalyzer and supplied cracking reactions to use.Reacted oil gas separates at fractionator 6004, and gas and gasoline are gone out by cat head, gets into the raw gasoline jar through cooling, is separated into gas (rich gas) and liquid (raw gasoline) again.Rich gas and raw gasoline are through pipeline to stable absorption part.Fractionator 6004 isolated light diesel fuels are then directly by extracting out in the tower, and unconverted part (recycle stock) part gets into the freshening oil tank in the oil gas, and heavier part then drops on (slurry oil at the bottom of the tower) at the bottom of the tower.Raw gasoline and rich gas finally form products such as dry gas, liquefied gas and stabilized gasoline after the stable absorption of absorbing-stabilizing system.
Fig. 9 is the influence synoptic diagram of catalytic cracking of the present invention to raw material coking rate.Explained the relation between coking yield 7002 and regenerator variable 7001 and the reactor variables 7003 among the figure.
The variation of charging quality can be broken the balance that forms between reactor and the regenerator, and the operative employee can not be produced under optimal operating conditions.The charging quality of real-time analysis FCC, the operative employee can adjust operation flexibly and produce.
Figure 10 is the structural representation of catalytic cracking control procedure provided by the invention.As shown in the figure: FCC raw material 8001, uncertain during this raw material input, reactor 8002; Regenerator 8003, fractionator 8004, shunting product 8005; Introduced on-line analysis device 8006 real-time online analytical equipments to carrying out the real-time online analysis from FCC raw material 8001 and shunting product 8005 components, optimizer 8007 is according to component information and FCC controlling of production process model, thereby adopts online inference property method and on-line analysis completion octane value; The end point of distillation; Sulfur content is inferred, and produces the steering order that reactor 8002, regenerator 8003 and distillation column 8004 are satisfied in APC 8008 instructions according to these optimization data then, has reached the optimum of production run.
Figure 11 is the structural representation of product oil mediation control procedure of the present invention.As shown in the figure: crude oil storage tank 9001, CDU 9002, vacuum distillation apparatus (VDU) 9003 and catalytic cracking unit (FCCU) 9004; 9010 pairs in on-line analysis device carries out the real-time online analysis from storage tank 9001, CDU 9002, the different process products oil with FCCU9004 of VDU 9003 and product oil 9009 components that are in harmonious proportion; The component data 9011 that analysis is come out are delivered to optimizer 9012 and are optimized processing; Data are optimized; Give APC or digitizing with data and be in harmonious proportion 9013; APC or digitizing are in harmonious proportion 9013 will control the adjustment instruction or the simulation controlled quentity controlled variable is controlled mixing valve 9005, mixing valve 9006, mixing valve 9007 and the mixing valve 9008 flow sizes and the switching time of each storage tank respectively again, thereby guaranteeing to be in harmonious proportion the component of product oil fluctuates and minimize.
On-line analysis device 9010 can accurately detect product component variation in each process product storage tank, the final change of component precision of product oil after can guaranteeing to be in harmonious proportion.So just can guarantee to use the product of different operations to carry out product oil mediation production; Thereby guarantee to be in harmonious proportion product oil component and stay in grade after the processing through being in harmonious proportion the product of different operations; Thereby reduce operation to greatest extent repeatedly; And guaranteed the quality of high-quality product, reached energy-saving and cost-reducing target.
Shown in Figure 12 is on-line analysis device NMR analysis result prediction TBP365C curve of the present invention; Shown in Figure 13 is on-line analysis device NMR analysis result prediction TBP565C curve of the present invention; Figure 14 is on-line analysis device NMR analysis result TBP prediction of the present invention and actual curve contrast synoptic diagram; Figure 15 is on-line analysis device NMR analysis result TBP prediction of the present invention and actual curve contrast synoptic diagram.From above-mentioned these figure can find out control procedure the TBP curve predict the outcome with actual curve meet very good.
The above is merely preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is in order to restriction the present invention, not all within spirit of the present invention and principle, any modification of being made, is equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within the scope that the present invention protects.
Claims (15)
1. the control system to petroleum refining process is characterized in that, comprising: oil refining process process module, technological process control module, on-line analysis apparatus system, optimizer and the APC of optimal control system, wherein,
The oil refining process process module is made up of the independence in the oil refining process flow process or the refining process of uniting execution, is used to receive the raw material charging, handles through the independence in the oil refining process flow process or the refining process of uniting execution, obtains refining product;
The technological process control module is used for the control adjustment instruction that relevant control variable that APC sends here according to optimizer generates relevant oil refining process flow process, and the concrete refining process in the relevant oil refining process process module is controlled;
The on-line analysis device is used for detecting in real time and analyzing oil refining process flow process raw material charging or/and refine product, obtains raw material charging in the oil refining process flow process or/and the analysis data of refining product offer optimizer;
Optimizer is used for being treated predictor and analyzing the correlation model between data according to what set up, obtains the corresponding relevant control variable data of analysis data that receive with the on-line analysis device, offers APC;
APC is used for confirming according to the relevant control variable data of received correspondence the control adjustment of the concrete refining process of oil refining process flow process, and generates the steering order of relevant oil refining process flow process, sends to the technological process control module.
2. the system of claim 1 is characterized in that, said on-line analysis device comprises nuclear magnetic resonance nmr on-line analysis device, X-ray on-line analysis device, spectrum on line analytical equipment and chromatogram on-line analysis device.Near infrared online analytical equipment etc.
3. the system of claim 1 is characterized in that, said oil refining process process module comprises crude oil harmonic process module, still-process module, catalytic cracking process module and product oil harmonic process module,
Said APC comprises the generation of the control adjustment instruction of crude oil harmonic process module, still-process module, catalytic cracking process module and product oil harmonic process module to the control of oil refining process process module.
4. system as claimed in claim 3; It is characterized in that; When said APC instructs generation to the control adjustment of crude oil harmonic process module; Charging detects and analyzes said on-line analysis device to raw material, and the analysis data of obtaining are constituent information, comprising: true boiling point TBP, Crude Oil & Petroleum Products density API degree, liquid water content, viscosity, sulfur content and API are to data such as yield predictions;
5. system as claimed in claim 3; It is characterized in that; When said APC instructed generation to the control adjustment of still-process module, said on-line analysis device detected and analyzes raw material charging and refining product, and the analysis data of obtaining are constituent information; Comprise: API degree, TBP, sulfur content, liquid water content, total acid number TAN, arene content, API prophetic yields; And refining product octane value, proportion, density, auspicious moral vapour pressure RVP, naphthalene content, straight-chain paraffin, the isoparaffin of the processing of process distil process, aromatic hydrocarbons, naphthenic hydrocarbon and alkene five kinds of hydro carbons PIONA, viscosity, pour point, cetane index, flash-point, cloud point and solidifying points;
6. system as claimed in claim 3; It is characterized in that; When said APC instructs generation to the control adjustment of catalytic cracking process module; Said on-line analysis device detects and analyzes the product in raw material charging and the refining process; The analysis data of obtaining are constituent information; Comprise: raw material charging long residuum, vacuum gas oil, viscosity breaking gas oil, coking VGO measurement of correlation project API degree, viscosity, product of distillation, sulfur content, proportion, alkane, aromaticity, naphthalene content and carbon content, to the refining products C 3/C4 of catalytic cracking, gasoline, heavy naphtha, light cycle LCO, heavy recycle stock is relevant needs the measurement project, comprises density, flash-point, condensation point, cloud point, benzene content, octane value and bitumen content and basic nitrogen;
7. system as claimed in claim 3; It is characterized in that; When said APC instructs generation to the control adjustment of product oil harmonic process module; Said on-line analysis device detects and analyzes the raw material charging; The analysis data of obtaining are the constituent information of component jar and product jar, comprising: methyl alcohol, ethanol, API degree, flash-point, cloud point, pour point, solidifying point, cetane index, viscosity, research octane number (RON) RON, motor octane number MON, standard test method value D86,93 ℃ of distillation yields and 149 ℃ of distillation yield E200&E300, aromatic hydrocarbons, benzene, oxidation sediment, methyl tert-butyl ether MTBE, TAME TAME and ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) ETBE.
8. the system of claim 1; It is characterized in that said optimizer is set up treats predictor and analyze the modeling pattern that the correlation model between data adopts mainly to comprise: the modeling of analyzing based on process mechanism, based on the modeling of regretional analysis, based on the modeling of artificial neural network, based on the modeling of pattern-recognition, based on the modeling of fuzzy mathematics, based on the modeling of SVMs, based on the modeling of process tomographic imaging, based on the modeling of correlation analysis or based on the modeling of the Modern Nonlinear information processing technology.
9. the control method to petroleum refining process is characterized in that, foundation treat predictor and analyze the correlation model between data that this method also comprises:
Detection is in real time also analyzed raw material charging in the oil refining process flow process or/and the refining product obtains raw material charging in the oil refining process flow process or/and the analysis data of refining product;
Treated predictor and analyze the correlation model between data according to what set up, obtain analyzing the corresponding relevant control variable data of data;
Carry out the specifically control of refining process in the oil refining process flow process according to the relevant control variable data that obtain, charging is refined to raw material, obtains refining product.
10. method as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, said refining process comprises:
Crude oil mediation, distillation, catalytic cracking and product oil are in harmonious proportion;
Said being controlled to be: to the control of crude oil mediation, distillation, catalytic cracking and product oil mediation to concrete refining process.
11. method as claimed in claim 10; It is characterized in that; Said crude oil is in harmonious proportion technology when controlling; Said online detection and analysis are carried out in the raw material charging, the analysis data of obtaining are constituent information, comprising: true boiling point TBP, API degree, liquid water content, viscosity, sulfur content and API are to data such as yield predictions;
12. method as claimed in claim 10; It is characterized in that; Said when distil process is controlled, said product in crude oil feeding and the refining process is carried out online detection and analysis, the analysis data of obtaining are constituent information; Comprise: API degree, TBP, sulfur content, liquid water content, TAN, arene content, API prophetic yields; And refining product octane value, proportion, density, auspicious moral vapour pressure RVP, naphthalene content, straight-chain paraffin, the isoparaffin of the processing of process distil process, aromatic hydrocarbons, naphthenic hydrocarbon and alkene five kinds of hydro carbons PIONA, viscosity, pour point, cetane index, flash-point, cloud point and solidifying points;
13. method as claimed in claim 10; It is characterized in that; It is said when catalytic cracking process is controlled; Said product in raw material charging and the refining process is carried out online detection and analysis; The analysis data of obtaining are constituent information; Comprise: raw material charging long residuum, vacuum gas oil, viscosity breaking gas oil, coking VGO measurement of correlation project API degree, viscosity, product of distillation, sulfur content, proportion, alkane, aromaticity, naphthalene content and carbon content, to the refining products C 3/C4 of catalytic cracking, gasoline, heavy naphtha, light cycle LCO, heavy recycle stock is relevant needs the measurement project to comprise density, flash-point, condensation point, cloud point, benzene content, octane value and bitumen content and basic nitrogen;
14. method as claimed in claim 10; It is characterized in that; When said control to product oil mediation unit is adjusted; Said on-line analysis device detects and analyzes the raw material charging; The analysis data of obtaining are the constituent information of component jar and product jar, comprising: methyl alcohol, ethanol, API degree, flash-point, cloud point, pour point, solidifying point, cetane index, viscosity, research octane number (RON) RON, motor octane number MON, standard test method value D86,93 ℃ of distillation yields and 149 ℃ of distillation yield E200&E300, aromatic hydrocarbons, benzene, oxidation sediment, methyl tert-butyl ether MTBE, TAME TAME and ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) ETBE.
15. method as claimed in claim 9; It is characterized in that the treating predictor and analyze the modeling pattern that the correlation model between data adopts of said foundation mainly comprises: the modeling of analyzing based on process mechanism, based on the modeling of regretional analysis, based on the modeling of artificial neural network, based on the modeling of pattern-recognition, based on the modeling of fuzzy mathematics, based on the modeling of SVMs, based on the modeling of process tomographic imaging, based on the modeling of correlation analysis or based on the modeling of the Modern Nonlinear information processing technology.
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