CN102393444A - Method for detecting lipophilicity of titanium white - Google Patents
Method for detecting lipophilicity of titanium white Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102393444A CN102393444A CN2011102959669A CN201110295966A CN102393444A CN 102393444 A CN102393444 A CN 102393444A CN 2011102959669 A CN2011102959669 A CN 2011102959669A CN 201110295966 A CN201110295966 A CN 201110295966A CN 102393444 A CN102393444 A CN 102393444A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- titanium dioxide
- lipophilicity
- detecting
- capillary
- liquid level
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 164
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 235000010215 titanium dioxide Nutrition 0.000 title 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000012454 non-polar solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical group ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000021388 linseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000944 linseed oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012463 white pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Landscapes
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供了一种检测钛白粉亲油性的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：将钛白粉置于毛细管中；将装有钛白粉的毛细管浸入非极性溶剂中；观察毛细管中非极性溶剂的液面高度，其中，所述液面高度上升越快，钛白粉的亲油性越差，所述液面高度上升越慢，钛白粉的亲油性越好。根据本发明的检测钛白粉亲油性的方法可以简便、快速并且准确地检测钛白粉的亲油性。
The invention provides a method for detecting the lipophilicity of titanium dioxide. The method comprises the following steps: placing the titanium dioxide in a capillary; immersing the capillary containing the titanium dioxide in a non-polar solvent; observing the non-polar solvent in the capillary The liquid level height, wherein, the faster the liquid level rises, the worse the lipophilicity of the titanium dioxide, and the slower the liquid level rises, the better the lipophilicity of the titanium dioxide. The method for detecting the lipophilicity of titanium dioxide according to the invention can detect the lipophilicity of titanium dioxide simply, quickly and accurately.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及一种检测钛白粉亲油性的方法，更具体地讲，本发明涉及一种通过测定钛白粉对油的吸附量来检测钛白粉亲油性的方法。The invention relates to a method for detecting the lipophilicity of titanium dioxide, more specifically, the invention relates to a method for detecting the lipophilicity of titanium dioxide by measuring the amount of oil absorbed by the titanium dioxide.
背景技术 Background technique
钛白粉作为一种白色颜料，广泛应用于涂料、塑料、油墨等领域。未经表面处理的钛白粉表面带有许多羟基，极性较大，容易团聚，在应用过程中的分散性不好。特别是钛白粉用在溶剂型涂料、塑料中时，一般采用偶联剂对钛白粉进行表面处理，提高其亲油性能，增进与基体的相容性，以获得较好的分散性能。因此，对钛白粉亲油性的表征方法就显得十分重要。As a white pigment, titanium dioxide is widely used in coatings, plastics, inks and other fields. There are many hydroxyl groups on the surface of titanium dioxide without surface treatment, which is highly polar and easy to agglomerate, and the dispersion in the application process is not good. Especially when titanium dioxide is used in solvent-based coatings and plastics, the surface of titanium dioxide is generally treated with a coupling agent to improve its lipophilicity and compatibility with the matrix to obtain better dispersion performance. Therefore, it is very important to characterize the lipophilicity of titanium dioxide.
目前，钛白粉行业采用吸油量来表示钛白粉亲油性能，检测钛白粉吸油量的方法如下：称取5g钛白粉试样放在玻璃板上，滴加精制亚麻仁油于试样上，用调刀搅拌，直到得到均匀的面团状糊膏为止(此过程必须在15min以内完成)，记录所用亚麻仁油的重量，并换算成100g钛白粉在达到完全润湿时所耗亚麻仁油的最低量，即是钛白粉的吸油量。此方法的弊端是采用人眼判断终点，误差较大。因此，该方法只能作为评价钛白粉亲油性的参考。At present, the titanium dioxide industry uses oil absorption to represent the lipophilic performance of titanium dioxide. The method for detecting the oil absorption of titanium dioxide is as follows: weigh 5g of titanium dioxide sample and place it on a glass plate, add refined linseed oil on the sample, and use Adjust the knife and stir until a uniform dough-like paste is obtained (this process must be completed within 15 minutes), record the weight of the linseed oil used, and convert it into the minimum amount of linseed oil consumed when 100g of titanium dioxide reaches complete wetting The amount is the oil absorption of titanium dioxide. The disadvantage of this method is that the end point is judged by human eyes, and the error is large. Therefore, this method can only be used as a reference for evaluating the lipophilicity of titanium dioxide.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
为了克服现有技术中存在的问题，本发明提供了一种能够简便、快速并且准确地检测钛白粉亲油性的方法。本发明的检测钛白粉亲油性的方法利用毛细原理，使可润湿钛白粉的非极性溶剂进入钛白粉柱中，通过检测钛白粉对溶剂的吸附量来判断钛白粉的亲油性。In order to overcome the problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a method that can simply, quickly and accurately detect the lipophilicity of titanium dioxide. The method for detecting the lipophilicity of titanium dioxide of the present invention utilizes the capillary principle to allow the non-polar solvent that can wet the titanium dioxide to enter the titanium dioxide column, and judge the lipophilicity of the titanium dioxide by detecting the amount of adsorption of the titanium dioxide to the solvent.
根据本发明的检测钛白粉亲油性的方法包括以下步骤：将钛白粉置于毛细管中；将装有钛白粉的毛细管浸入非极性溶剂中；观察毛细管中非极性溶剂的液面高度，其中，所述液面高度上升越快，钛白粉的亲油性越差，所述液面高度上升越慢，钛白粉的亲油性越好。The method for detecting the lipophilicity of titanium dioxide according to the present invention comprises the following steps: placing titanium dioxide in a capillary; immersing the capillary containing titanium dioxide in a non-polar solvent; observing the liquid level of the non-polar solvent in the capillary, wherein , the faster the liquid level rises, the worse the lipophilicity of the titanium dioxide, and the slower the liquid level rises, the better the lipophilicity of the titanium dioxide.
可选地，所述非极性溶剂为1，2-二氯乙烷、环己烷、四氢呋喃、己烷、乙酸乙酯、石油醚中的至少一种。Optionally, the non-polar solvent is at least one of 1,2-dichloroethane, cyclohexane, tetrahydrofuran, hexane, ethyl acetate, and petroleum ether.
可选地，以液面高度的平方为纵坐标，以时间为横坐标作图，斜率越大，钛白粉的亲油性越差，斜率越小，钛白粉的亲油性越好。Optionally, take the square of the liquid level as the ordinate and time as the abscissa, the larger the slope, the worse the lipophilicity of the titanium dioxide, and the smaller the slope, the better the lipophilicity of the titanium dioxide.
优选地，在所述毛细管的下端部安装有丝网，以将钛白粉保持在毛细管中。Preferably, a wire mesh is installed at the lower end of the capillary to keep the titanium dioxide in the capillary.
优选地，所述丝网为不锈钢丝网，并且所述丝网具有大于460目的筛孔。Preferably, the wire mesh is stainless steel wire mesh, and the wire mesh has a mesh size greater than 460 mesh.
优选地，在检测钛白粉亲油性的过程中，保持检测系统的温度不变。Preferably, during the detection of the lipophilicity of the titanium dioxide, the temperature of the detection system is kept constant.
附图说明 Description of drawings
通过参照附图对本发明进行详细描述，本发明的上述优点和其它特征将会变得更加清楚，在附图中：By describing the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, the above-mentioned advantages and other features of the present invention will become more apparent, and in the accompanying drawings:
图1是根据本发明的检测钛白粉亲油性的装置的示意图；Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the device that detects titanium dioxide lipophilicity according to the present invention;
图2是利用根据本发明的检测钛白粉亲油性的装置得到的毛细管中的液面高度与时间的关系图。Fig. 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between the liquid level height and time in the capillary obtained by using the device for detecting the lipophilicity of titanium dioxide according to the present invention.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
在下文中，将参照附图详细描述根据本发明的检测钛白粉亲油性的方法。Hereinafter, the method for detecting lipophilicity of titanium dioxide according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
图1是根据本发明的检测钛白粉亲油性的装置的示意图。参照图1可知，根据本发明的检测钛白粉亲油性的装置包括：毛细管10、储液槽20、非极性溶剂30、丝网40。具体地讲，非极性溶剂30放置在储液槽20中。毛细管10悬挂在储液槽20上方，并且毛细管10的下端浸入储液槽20中的非极性溶剂30中。丝网40设置在毛细管10的下端，以将位于毛细管10中的钛白粉50保持在毛细管10中。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a device for detecting lipophilicity of titanium dioxide according to the present invention. Referring to FIG. 1 , it can be seen that the device for detecting the lipophilicity of titanium dioxide according to the present invention includes: a capillary 10 , a
根据本发明，通过测定钛白粉对储液槽20中的非极性溶剂30的吸附量来确定钛白粉的亲油性。具体地，根据毛细管10中非极性溶剂的液面上升高度来确定钛白粉的亲油性。According to the present invention, the lipophilicity of the titanium dioxide is determined by measuring the adsorption amount of the titanium dioxide to the
具体地讲，根据本发明的测定钛白粉亲油性的方法包括以下步骤：称取一定量的钛白粉置于毛细管中；将装有钛白粉的毛细管浸入非极性溶剂中；每隔一段时间观察毛细管中液面的高度h；以h2为纵坐标、以时间t为横坐标作图，从而确定钛白粉的亲油性。Specifically, the method for measuring the lipophilicity of titanium dioxide according to the present invention comprises the following steps: weighing a certain amount of titanium dioxide and placing it in a capillary; immersing the capillary containing titanium dioxide in a non-polar solvent; observing The height h of the liquid level in the capillary; take h2 as the ordinate and time t as the abscissa to draw a graph, so as to determine the lipophilicity of titanium dioxide.
根据本发明的测定钛白粉亲油性的方法，在h2-t的图中，斜率越小，钛白粉的亲油性越好；斜率越大，钛白粉的亲油性越差。这是因为，对于亲油性好的钛白粉，储液槽20中的非极性溶剂30浸入毛细管10中的钛白粉的颗粒之间，此时非极性溶剂在毛细管中的液面上升缓慢。而对于亲油性差的钛白粉，因为非极性溶剂不能浸入钛白粉的颗粒之间，所以非极性溶剂在毛细管中的液面快速上升。According to the method for measuring the lipophilicity of titanium dioxide of the present invention, in the graph of h 2 -t, the smaller the slope, the better the lipophilicity of the titanium dioxide; the larger the slope, the worse the lipophilicity of the titanium dioxide. This is because, for titanium dioxide with good lipophilicity, the
根据本发明，为了准确地测定钛白粉的亲油性，在测定过程中，可以将测定体系的温度保持恒定，例如保持在25℃。According to the present invention, in order to accurately measure the lipophilicity of titanium dioxide, during the measurement process, the temperature of the measurement system can be kept constant, for example, at 25°C.
在本发明中，所述非极性溶剂可以为1，2-二氯乙烷、环己烷、四氢呋喃、己烷、乙酸乙酯、石油醚等中的至少一种。In the present invention, the non-polar solvent may be at least one of 1,2-dichloroethane, cyclohexane, tetrahydrofuran, hexane, ethyl acetate, petroleum ether and the like.
在本发明中，优选地，丝网40可以为不锈钢丝网，并且丝网可以具有大于460目的筛孔。此外，为了准确检测钛白粉的亲油性，优选地，向毛细管中填装钛白粉的方法一致，以使填装后的钛白粉的密实程度相同。In the present invention, preferably, the
在下文中，将具体描述根据本发明的实施例。Hereinafter, embodiments according to the present invention will be specifically described.
实施例1Example 1
如图1中所示，称取2g锐钛型钛白粉装入毛细管中，并将毛细管浸入到装有环己烷的储液槽中，将整个体系的温度保持在25℃，每隔1分钟测定毛细管中液面的高度h，作h2-t图，如图2中所示。As shown in Figure 1, weigh 2g of anatase titanium dioxide and put it into a capillary tube, and immerse the capillary tube into a liquid storage tank filled with cyclohexane, keep the temperature of the whole system at 25 °C, every 1 minute Measure the height h of the liquid level in the capillary, and make the h 2 -t diagram, as shown in Figure 2.
实施例2Example 2
如图1中所示，称取2g未经处理的金红石型钛白粉装入毛细管中，并将毛细管浸入到装有环己烷的储液槽中，将整个体系的温度保持在25℃，每隔1分钟测定毛细管中液面的高度h，作h2-t图，如图2中所示。As shown in Figure 1, weigh 2g of untreated rutile titanium dioxide and put it into a capillary tube, and immerse the capillary tube in a storage tank containing cyclohexane, keep the temperature of the whole system at 25 °C, and Measure the height h of the liquid level in the capillary every 1 minute, and draw the h 2 -t diagram, as shown in Figure 2.
实施例3Example 3
如图1中所示，称取2g经钛酸酯偶联剂处理的金红石型钛白粉装入毛细管中，并将毛细管浸入到装有环己烷的储液槽中，将整个体系的温度保持在25℃，每隔1分钟测定毛细管中液面的高度h，作h2-t图，如图2中所示。As shown in Figure 1, weigh 2g of rutile titanium dioxide treated with a titanate coupling agent and put it into a capillary, and immerse the capillary in a liquid storage tank containing cyclohexane to keep the temperature of the whole system At 25°C, measure the height h of the liquid level in the capillary every 1 minute, and draw the h 2 -t diagram, as shown in Figure 2.
参照图2可知，锐钛型钛白粉的h2-t曲线的斜率较大，用钛酸酯偶联剂处理后的金红石型钛白粉的h2-t曲线的斜率较小。因此可以确定，锐钛型钛白粉的亲油性较差，而用钛酸酯偶联剂处理后的金红石型钛白粉的亲油性较好。Referring to Figure 2, it can be seen that the slope of the h 2 -t curve of anatase titanium dioxide is relatively large, and the slope of the h 2 -t curve of rutile titanium dioxide treated with a titanate coupling agent is relatively small. Therefore, it can be determined that the lipophilicity of the anatase titanium dioxide is poor, and the lipophilicity of the rutile titanium dioxide treated with a titanate coupling agent is better.
根据本发明的检测钛白粉亲油性的方法可以简单、快速并且准确地检测钛白粉的亲油性。此外，本发明的检测方法所采用的检测装置简单、成本低，便于操作。The method for detecting the lipophilicity of titanium dioxide according to the invention can detect the lipophilicity of titanium dioxide simply, quickly and accurately. In addition, the detection device adopted in the detection method of the present invention is simple, low in cost and easy to operate.
Claims (7)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2011102959669A CN102393444A (en) | 2011-09-28 | 2011-09-28 | Method for detecting lipophilicity of titanium white |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2011102959669A CN102393444A (en) | 2011-09-28 | 2011-09-28 | Method for detecting lipophilicity of titanium white |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102393444A true CN102393444A (en) | 2012-03-28 |
Family
ID=45860803
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2011102959669A Pending CN102393444A (en) | 2011-09-28 | 2011-09-28 | Method for detecting lipophilicity of titanium white |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN102393444A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104749071A (en) * | 2015-03-02 | 2015-07-01 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Device and method for evaluating imbibition agent performance |
| CN105466813A (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2016-04-06 | 华南理工大学 | Determination method of contact angle of powder and liquid |
| CN110274843A (en) * | 2019-08-07 | 2019-09-24 | 攀钢集团重庆钛业有限公司 | The detection method of titanium dioxide water absorption |
| CN118883373A (en) * | 2024-09-24 | 2024-11-01 | 延安大学 | A method and device for determining the concentration of surfactant solution in oil displacement |
-
2011
- 2011-09-28 CN CN2011102959669A patent/CN102393444A/en active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (6)
| Title |
|---|
| 《环境科学学报》 20061130 杨斌武，等 采用Wa shburn动态法研究水处理滤料的亲油亲水性 1792-1798页 1-7 第26卷, 第11期 * |
| QING CHANG,等: "Effects of Wettability and Zeta Potential of Filter Medium on Oil Removal", 《ADVANCED MATERIALS RESEARCH》 * |
| 何应东，等: "动态渗透压力法研究水处理滤料的润湿性", 《环境科学学报》 * |
| 孔志平等: "偶联剂对钛白粉的表面处理及在色母粒中的应用", 《塑料》 * |
| 杨斌武，等: "毛细上升法研究水处理滤料的表面热力学特性", 《化工学报》 * |
| 杨斌武，等: "采用Wa shburn动态法研究水处理滤料的亲油亲水性", 《环境科学学报》 * |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104749071A (en) * | 2015-03-02 | 2015-07-01 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Device and method for evaluating imbibition agent performance |
| CN104749071B (en) * | 2015-03-02 | 2018-04-06 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Device and method for evaluating imbibition agent performance |
| CN105466813A (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2016-04-06 | 华南理工大学 | Determination method of contact angle of powder and liquid |
| CN110274843A (en) * | 2019-08-07 | 2019-09-24 | 攀钢集团重庆钛业有限公司 | The detection method of titanium dioxide water absorption |
| CN118883373A (en) * | 2024-09-24 | 2024-11-01 | 延安大学 | A method and device for determining the concentration of surfactant solution in oil displacement |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN102426183B (en) | Experimental device for in vitro corrosion degradation of medical metals in a dynamic corrosion environment | |
| CN104020213B (en) | A kind of electrochemical sensor and preparation method who simultaneously detects cadmium and lead ion | |
| CN205538551U (en) | Survey device of solid matter proportion | |
| CN102393444A (en) | Method for detecting lipophilicity of titanium white | |
| CN104655701B (en) | Pb2+ selective microelectrode applied to non-invasive micrometric system | |
| CN209043898U (en) | It is a kind of can temperature control the soil body be disintegrated experimental provision | |
| CN108507903A (en) | A method of measuring solid matter density and porosity | |
| CN107917868A (en) | The test device and its test method of shale suction capacity under a kind of confined pressure | |
| CN106290074B (en) | The detection method of bituminous pavement filler surface energy parameter | |
| CN105910860A (en) | Making method of rock sample with specific water content in unsaturated water state | |
| CN103954520B (en) | A kind of method detecting active sulfur content in insulating oil | |
| Mezgebe et al. | Liquid adsorption behavior and surface properties of carbon blacks | |
| CN204314176U (en) | Rock sample water-soluble substances content measurement device | |
| CN108287121A (en) | Measure the device and method of the water characteristic curve of soil dehumidification and moisture absorption process | |
| CN206479579U (en) | A kind of axle sample resistivity experimental provision of temperature control three | |
| CN107014878A (en) | A kind of preparation method of foam nickel electrode of carbon nanomaterial modification and application | |
| CN204142604U (en) | A kind of thick liquid viscosity test device | |
| CN106841343A (en) | A kind of Tebuconazole molecular engram film electrode, portable sensor and its application method and application | |
| CN102928036A (en) | Gas quantity method measuring device with function of acquiring pure gas | |
| CN207516223U (en) | A kind of easy metal material corrosion resistance test infuser device | |
| CN110286064A (en) | A kind of mineral particle wettability measuring device and its measuring method | |
| CN201359589Y (en) | Filtering factor detecting device of polymer solution | |
| CN105628119B (en) | Micro-flow measuring device for capillary bundle | |
| JP2007327785A (en) | Stringing property evaluation method for screen printing paste | |
| CN210427282U (en) | Sandwich effect surface tension testing arrangement based on principle of weighing |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C12 | Rejection of a patent application after its publication | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20120328 |