CN102387556A - Inter-cell handover method of train-ground communication based on cooperative multipoint transmission in high-speed mobile environment - Google Patents
Inter-cell handover method of train-ground communication based on cooperative multipoint transmission in high-speed mobile environment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an inter-cell handover method of train-ground communication based on cooperative multipoint transmission in a high-speed mobile environment, which is applicable to an LTE (Long Term Evolution) and an evolution system of the LTE. The method mainly comprises the following steps of: judging whether a train enters into an overlay region according to reported real-time speed information and position information of the train; meanwhile, judging whether the quality of current signals is lower than a pre-set threshold value according to measurement information; if any condition is satisfied, activating the cooperative multipoint transmission (CoMP) between a current base station and a front target base station; sharing downlink data on a data surface of a vehicle-mounted platform between the adjacent two base stations through the CoMP technology and then sending the data to the vehicle-mounted platform; converging uplink data on the data surface of the vehicle-mounted platform through the CoMP technology into a source base station through a communication link of the adjacent two base stations; in the process, if a handover triggering condition is satisfied, handing over data of a control plane into the target base station. The method provided by the invention has the advantages of high handover success rate, low outage probability and high frequency spectrum utilization rate and does not need to change the base station and the vehicle-mounted platform, so that the method is easy to realize.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the train-ground communication technical field between the train and ground base station under the high-speed mobile environment.
Background technology
Along with bullet train is controlled highly reliable data traffic transmission and passenger in the sustainable growth of riding process high speed rate communication service demand, how under the high mobile environment of high-speed railway, to provide the communication service of two-forty, high reliability to have very important significance.
The high-speed cruising of train brings series of technical for the vehicle-ground wireless communication system: the quick variation of frequent handover, Doppler frequency skew and channel etc., these problems all can cause the serious decline of communication quality and communication experiences.Wherein, the handover problem of bullet train is to influence one of most important factor of communication quality.Because LTE (Long Term Evolution, Long Term Evolution) and evolution technology thereof will become the main flow trend of next generation mobile communication system standard; International Union of Railways has confirmed as LTE the evolution technology of present railway mobile communications network, and LTE will become the important support technology of train operation control and passenger's broadband access.As far as the handover of bullet train car-mounted terminal, require it in the shorter time, to accomplish better and switch the reliability and the validity that need higher handover success rate to come service truck earth communication system Radio Link.At present; LTE and evolution technology thereof are only supported direct-cut operation; Travelling carriage can only keep communicating by letter at any time with a base station, and its switching time is long partially, is only applicable to ground public network covering and middle low speed and moves access; Be difficult to satisfy the two-forty and the highly reliable handoff requirement of bullet train, problem such as can cause that communication interruption rate is high, handover delay is long and communication reliability is low.
In general, the handover procedure of cordless communication network can be divided into network discovery, switch decision, link rebulids and four processes such as higher layer applications link rebulids.Usually the bullet train speed of a motor vehicle is very fast, and the time of staying in the network cell overlay region is very short, can't guarantee to have the triggering of handover mechanism now and carry out the needed time.
Through the retrieval of existing patent and correlation technique is found under the existing high-speed mobile environment there be the main switching optimization method of train-ground communication:
(1) proposed in a kind of GSM and channel switching distribution method (CN 101022643A) based on OFDM (OFDM) that soft time slot switches, simple macro divides collection to switch and the grand branch collection of enhancement mode switches three kinds of channel switching distribution methods.This patent is primarily aimed at base station side and improves, and in the GSM that is proposed, needs base station control device (BSC) that base station (BTS) carried out centralized control, is not suitable for the LTE and the evolution system thereof that adopt the flattening network architecture; And the existence of base station control device (BSC), the link of signaling transmission is many, and its handover delay is still longer, low speed mobile environment in can only being applicable to.
(2) under the high-speed mobile environment wireless video or large data stream seamless switching method (CN1801777A) through sending coded data to data receiver available one, two or more frequency; After data receiver receives data; Data are carried out the hash caching process; Repeating data when the rejecting multichannel is sent simultaneously guarantees that data through after the caching process, are sent to the data decode end from the digital coding end pellucidly.This patent only with Data Receiving unit, ground to being positioned at the passive unidirectional reception of the data transmission unit on the train; Can not realize interactive communication between vehicle-mounted data transmitting element and the ground base station; Video monitoring private networks such as only suitable bullet train, subway; With passenger's communication network notable difference is arranged, do not propose complete technical scheme to high speed multi-vehicle mounted station cut-in method.
(3) user's changing district cut-in method under the high velocity environment and system (CN101466132) propose to judge the sub-district access through the signal code power (RSCP) that obtains the reception of this sub-district and adjacent sub-district Common Control Physical Channel (PCCPCH), the angle (AOA) of this cell uplink channel arrival antenna angle and the direction of motion of subscriber equipment (UE).This patent can be simplified neighbor cell configuration effectively to the characteristics of high speed scene, and is limited but its overall performance to handover promotes, and is not suitable for LTE and evolution system thereof.
In the existing high-speed mobile vehicle-ground wireless communication research; In order to promote the success rate of train handover, through enlarging high-speed mobile environment cell coverage area along the line, increase the overlay region mostly; The time that makes train stay in the overlay region increases, thereby has sufficient time to accomplish handoff procedure.The common means that increase cell coverage area have repeater, the relaying of increasing, zoom out physical equipment such as formula antenna element, and increase methods such as antenna transmitting power, adjustment antenna direction.But, produce synchronous restriction that the time difference causes or the like owing to receive reception restriction, the distance of the antenna transmitting power that the size restriction of antenna transmitting power, angle of radiation cause, can not enlarge the coverage of sub-district on a large scale.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide under a kind of high-speed mobile environment train-ground communication cell switching method based on cooperative multipoint transmission; This method is applicable to LTE and evolution system thereof; Its handover success rate is high; Outage probability is low, the availability of frequency spectrum is high, and does not need the hardware change is carried out in base station and Vehicle mounted station, realizes easily.
The present invention realizes its goal of the invention, and the technical scheme that is adopted is, based on the train-ground communication cell switching method of cooperative multipoint transmission, it is applicable to LTE and evolution system thereof under a kind of high-speed mobile environment, and its step is following:
The Vehicle mounted station of a, the up train uses upstream frequency and base station to communicate, and the Vehicle mounted station of down train uses downstream frequency and base station to communicate; The metrical information that Vehicle mounted station is formed the pilot signal quality information of the signal quality information of the Radio Link of its Vehicle mounted station measured and current base station and Vehicle mounted station and adjacent base station; Report current base station, Vehicle mounted station will also report the base station through train running speed information and the positional information that train control system or sensor-based system obtain simultaneously;
B, current base station judge according to the real-time speed information and the positional information of the train that reports whether train gets into the overlay region; Simultaneously, judge according to metrical information whether the current demand signal quality is lower than preset threshold, when two conditions did not all satisfy, Vehicle mounted station continued only to keep communicating by letter with current base station; Otherwise, the multipoint cooperative transmission between the target BS in activation current base station and the place ahead:
Current base station becomes source base station, and the upstream data of Vehicle mounted station is issued source base station and target BS simultaneously, and target BS is transmitted to source base station with its upstream data of receiving through X2 interface and is merged by source base station;
The downlink data of source base station had both been issued Vehicle mounted station and also had been transmitted to target BS through X2 interface, and target BS is transmitted to Vehicle mounted station with its downlink data of receiving, and the downlink data that Vehicle mounted station is sent source base station and target BS merges;
C, carry out source base station and target BS multipoint cooperative the transmission in; The metrical information that source base station reports according to Vehicle mounted station; Whether the pilot signal quality of judging target BS satisfies the switching condition of setting; As satisfying; Then source base station switches to target BS with the information of Vehicle mounted station chain of command, and target BS becomes new source base station, and new source base station and former source base station are proceeded the multipoint cooperative transmission:
The upstream data of Vehicle mounted station is issued source base station and former source base station simultaneously, and former source base station is transmitted to source base station with its upstream data of receiving through X2 interface and is merged by source base station; The downlink data of source base station had both been issued Vehicle mounted station and also had been transmitted to former source base station through X2 interface, and former source base station is transmitted to Vehicle mounted station with its downlink data of receiving, and the downlink data that Vehicle mounted station is sent source base station and former source base station merges;
D, carry out source base station and former source base station multipoint cooperative the transmission in; Source base station judges according to the metrical information that Vehicle mounted station reports whether the pilot signal quality of former source base station is lower than preset threshold; In this way, then stop the multipoint cooperative transmission of new source base station and former source base station, source base station becomes current base station, and Vehicle mounted station only keeps communicating by letter with current base station;
E, repetition a, b, c, the operation in d step.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
One, because the quadrature multi-access mode based on OFDM is all adopted in the uplink and downlink of LTE and evolution system thereof, therefore for LTE and evolution system thereof, the interference of minizone is main interference source.Method of the present invention is divided into upstream frequency and downstream frequency two parts with the frequency resource of each sub-district, and the up train uses upstream frequency, and down train uses downstream frequency; Because the train that goes in the same way has the tracking interval of regulation, the train that goes in the same way uses identical frequency can not produce with disturbing frequently; Different frequencies is used in up-downgoing, and is issuable serious in disturbing frequently in the time of then can avoiding the train meeting effectively.Thereby the present invention compares with existing GSM-R three cell reuse networking modes (three different frequencies are used in adjacent three sub-districts) in service truck ground communication reliability, the availability of frequency spectrum raising of having got back.
Two, cell switching method of the present invention, when train got into the overlay region, the data surface downlink data of Vehicle mounted station was shared in adjacent two base stations through CoMP (cooperative multipoint transmission) technology, and then sends to Vehicle mounted station; The data surface upstream data of Vehicle mounted station is also through the CoMP technology; Communication link through adjacent two base stations converges to source base station; In this process, if satisfy handover triggering condition, then the data with chain of command switch to target BS; Make to receive service simultaneously all the time when the train microscope carrier goes in the overlay region, thereby realized the soft handover effect of similar grand branch collection from adjacent two base stations.The direct-cut operation mechanism of existing with LTE and evolution system thereof " company of having no progeny earlier " is compared, and the present invention can greatly reduce the communication disruption probability, improves handover success rate, has ensured the reliability of train-ground communication under the high-speed mobile environment effectively.Emulation experiment shows, communication disruption probability of the present invention is lower than 0.05% at train during through the overlay region all the time, and handover success rate is brought up to about 99%.
Simultaneously, the inventive method realizes through software, does not need the hardware change is carried out in base station and Vehicle mounted station, realizes easily.
Three, for high-speed railway cordless communication network chain deployment way and definite driving pattern, the present invention judges according to the real-time speed information and the positional information of the train that reports whether train gets into the overlay region; Simultaneously, judge according to metrical information whether the current demand signal quality is lower than preset threshold, when arbitrary condition all satisfies, all activate the multipoint cooperative transmission between the target BS in current base station and the place ahead.The introducing of train speed and positional information, the metrical information error of having avoided the fast time variant channel of high speed scene to cause, thus ensured the timely triggering of cooperative multipoint transmission.Guaranteed that further its handover success rate is high, outage probability is low.
Vehicle mounted station will be through the concrete grammar that sensor-based system obtains train running speed information and positional information in the above-mentioned a step: obtain the velocity information of train through the velocity transducer of installing on the train, and the positional information that obtains train through transponder or the vehicle GPS positioner that reads on the track.
Above-mentioned Vehicle mounted station can have two, is installed on the front-end and back-end of train respectively, and former and later two Vehicle mounted stations are connected with the central control unit of Vehicle mounted station through the compartment bus.
The data transmit-receive of two Vehicle mounted stations and signalling interactive process be by the central control unit centralized control, and realize that at central control unit data merge.This way has made full use of the long characteristics (general 200 meters or 400 meters) of high-speed train body, when train front end Vehicle mounted station gets into the overlay region, promptly triggers method of handover proposed by the invention, and the rear end Vehicle mounted station then continues to keep communicating by letter with current base station; When train sails out of the overlay region, remove the cooperation transmission relation according to the signal judged result of rear end Vehicle mounted station, and the front end Vehicle mounted station keep with new source base station between communicate by letter.Thereby in whole handoff procedure, be equivalent to the overlay region has been enlarged 2 times of length over ends of body (400 meters or 800 meters),, further improved handover success rate, reduced outage probability for the success of switching provides the more sufficient time of implementation.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is further specified.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the network design mode and the frequency resource allocation mode sketch map of the inventive method.ENodeB i, eNodeB j, eNodeB k, eNodeB l are deployed in the other LTE base station of a section of railway track among Fig. 1, and MME/GW is Mobility Management Entity and gateway.The frequency resource f of each base station is divided into two parts: F1 is a upstream frequency, and F2 is a downstream frequency.R is a radius of society, and a is the overlay region distance of neighbor cell.
Fig. 2 is cell switching method of the present invention and the performance comparison figure of existing direct-cut operation on the communication disruption probability.
Fig. 3 is cell switching method of the present invention and the performance comparison figure of existing direct-cut operation on handover success rate.
Embodiment
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, LTE and evolution system thereof that railway radio communication communication network along the line adopts chain to cover, whole coverage can be a big network or can be divided into how a plurality of subnets are set up in dried zone by the geographical position.Each subnet comprises several sub-districts, and radius of society is R, and overlay region a is arranged between the sub-district.Be positioned at the other LTE of Vehicle mounted station and road base station (eNodeB i, eNodeB j, eNodeB k on the train ...).Between Radio Link insert railway communication private network or other communication systems through Mobility Management Entity/gateway (MME/GW).In a sub-net; Identical running time-frequency resource f is all used in all sub-districts; And it is divided into two parts (ignoring the part reserve dedicated resources): F1 is a upstream frequency, be used for the up train (as, leave for the train that Beijing direction and branch line leave for the main line direction) user's service; F2 is a downstream frequency, is used for down train (symmetrical with the up train) user service.
A kind of embodiment of the present invention is, based on the train-ground communication cell switching method of cooperative multipoint transmission, it is applicable to LTE and evolution system thereof under a kind of high-speed mobile environment, and its step is following:
The Vehicle mounted station of a, the up train uses upstream frequency and base station to communicate, and the Vehicle mounted station of down train uses downstream frequency and base station to communicate; The metrical information that Vehicle mounted station is formed the pilot signal quality information of the signal quality information of the Radio Link of its Vehicle mounted station measured and current base station and Vehicle mounted station and adjacent base station; Report current base station, Vehicle mounted station will also report the base station through train running speed information and the positional information that train control system or sensor-based system obtain simultaneously;
B, current base station judge according to the real-time speed information and the positional information of the train that reports whether train gets into the overlay region; Simultaneously, judge according to metrical information whether the current demand signal quality is lower than preset threshold, when two conditions did not all satisfy, Vehicle mounted station continued only to keep communicating by letter with current base station; Otherwise, the multipoint cooperative transmission between the target BS in activation current base station and the place ahead:
Current base station becomes source base station, and the upstream data of Vehicle mounted station is issued source base station and target BS simultaneously, and target BS is transmitted to source base station with its upstream data of receiving through X2 interface and is merged by source base station;
The downlink data of source base station had both been issued Vehicle mounted station and also had been transmitted to target BS through X2 interface, and target BS is transmitted to Vehicle mounted station with its downlink data of receiving, and the downlink data that Vehicle mounted station is sent source base station and target BS merges;
C, carry out source base station and target BS multipoint cooperative the transmission in; The metrical information that source base station reports according to Vehicle mounted station; Whether the pilot signal quality of judging target BS satisfies the switching condition of setting; As satisfying; Then source base station switches to target BS with the information of Vehicle mounted station chain of command, and target BS becomes new source base station, and new source base station and former source base station are proceeded the multipoint cooperative transmission:
The upstream data of Vehicle mounted station is issued source base station and former source base station simultaneously, and former source base station is transmitted to source base station with its upstream data of receiving through X2 interface and is merged by source base station; The downlink data of source base station had both been issued Vehicle mounted station and also had been transmitted to former source base station through X2 interface, and former source base station is transmitted to Vehicle mounted station with its downlink data of receiving, and the downlink data that Vehicle mounted station is sent source base station and former source base station merges;
D, carry out source base station and former source base station multipoint cooperative the transmission in; Source base station judges according to the metrical information that Vehicle mounted station reports whether the pilot signal quality of former source base station is lower than preset threshold; In this way, then stop the multipoint cooperative transmission of new source base station and former source base station, source base station becomes current base station, and Vehicle mounted station only keeps communicating by letter with current base station;
E, repetition a, b, c, the operation in d step.
Vehicle mounted station will be through the concrete grammar that sensor-based system obtains train running speed information and positional information in this routine a step: obtain the velocity information of train through the velocity transducer of installing on the train, and the positional information that obtains train through transponder or the vehicle GPS positioner that reads on the track.
This routine Vehicle mounted station has two, is installed on the front-end and back-end of train respectively, and former and later two Vehicle mounted stations are connected with the central control unit of Vehicle mounted station through the compartment bus.
Emulation experiment:
The method of above embodiment is carried out emulation experiment show, compare with LTE and the existing direct-cut operation mechanism of evolution system thereof, the inventive method has very big lifting aspect communication disruption probability and the handover success rate.
Fig. 2 has provided cell switching method of the present invention and the existing direct-cut operation performance comparison at the communication disruption probability.
Band " zero " is represented not adopt under the present embodiment method situation (the 1.8km-3km distance is interior) communication disruption probability when inserting target BS with source base station in the overlay region respectively with the curve of band " ☆ " among Fig. 2, and the curve of band " X " is the communication disruption probability after the employing present embodiment method.Fig. 2 shows that the method for the embodiment of the invention can make train reduce significantly through the outage probability of overlay region, and everywhere communication interruption rate remains at below 0.05% in the overlay region.
Fig. 3 has provided cell switching method of the present invention and the existing direct-cut operation performance comparison in handover success rate.
The curve representation of band " * " number adopts the handover success probability cumulative curve of present embodiment method among Fig. 3, and another curve representation does not adopt the handover success probability cumulative curve of present embodiment method.Fig. 3 shows that the method for the embodiment of the invention can be so that the handover success rate of train during through overlay region (1.6km-3.2km) rises to about 99% by 89%.
Claims (3)
- Under the high-speed mobile environment based on the train-ground communication cell switching method of cooperative multipoint transmission, it is applicable to LTE and evolution system thereof, its step is following:The Vehicle mounted station of a, the up train uses upstream frequency and base station to communicate, and the Vehicle mounted station of down train uses downstream frequency and base station to communicate; The metrical information that Vehicle mounted station is formed the pilot signal quality information of the signal quality information of the Radio Link of its Vehicle mounted station measured and current base station and Vehicle mounted station and adjacent base station; Report current base station, Vehicle mounted station will also report the base station through train running speed information and the positional information that train control system or sensor-based system obtain simultaneously;B, current base station judge according to the real-time speed information and the positional information of the train that reports whether train gets into the overlay region; Simultaneously, judge according to metrical information whether the current demand signal quality is lower than preset threshold, when two conditions did not all satisfy, Vehicle mounted station continued only to keep communicating by letter with current base station; Otherwise, the multipoint cooperative transmission between the target BS in activation current base station and the place ahead:Current base station becomes source base station, and the upstream data of Vehicle mounted station is issued source base station and target BS simultaneously, and target BS is transmitted to source base station with its upstream data of receiving through X2 interface and is merged by source base station;The downlink data of source base station had both been issued Vehicle mounted station and also had been transmitted to target BS through X2 interface, and target BS is transmitted to Vehicle mounted station with its downlink data of receiving, and the downlink data that Vehicle mounted station is sent source base station and target BS merges;C, carry out source base station and target BS multipoint cooperative the transmission in; The metrical information that source base station reports according to Vehicle mounted station; Whether the pilot signal quality of judging target BS satisfies the switching condition of setting; As satisfying; Then source base station switches to target BS with the information of Vehicle mounted station chain of command, and target BS becomes new source base station, and new source base station and former source base station are proceeded the multipoint cooperative transmission:The upstream data of Vehicle mounted station is issued source base station and former source base station simultaneously, and former source base station is transmitted to source base station with its upstream data of receiving through X2 interface and is merged by source base station; The downlink data of source base station had both been issued Vehicle mounted station and also had been transmitted to former source base station through X2 interface, and former source base station is transmitted to Vehicle mounted station with its downlink data of receiving, and the downlink data that Vehicle mounted station is sent source base station and former source base station merges;D, carry out source base station and former source base station multipoint cooperative the transmission in; Source base station judges according to the metrical information that Vehicle mounted station reports whether the pilot signal quality of former source base station is lower than preset threshold; In this way, then stop the multipoint cooperative transmission of new source base station and former source base station, source base station becomes current base station, and Vehicle mounted station only keeps communicating by letter with current base station;E, repetition a, b, c, the operation in d step.
- 2. under the high-speed mobile environment according to claim 1 based on the train-ground communication cell switching method of cooperative multipoint transmission; It is characterized in that: Vehicle mounted station will be through the concrete grammar that sensor-based system obtains train running speed information and positional information in the said a step: obtain the velocity information of train through the velocity transducer of installing on the train, and the positional information that obtains train through transponder or the vehicle GPS positioner that reads on the track.
- 3. under the high-speed mobile environment according to claim 1 based on the train-ground communication cell switching method of cooperative multipoint transmission; It is characterized in that: described Vehicle mounted station has two; Be installed on the front-end and back-end of train respectively, former and later two Vehicle mounted stations are connected with the central control unit of Vehicle mounted station through the compartment bus.
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