CN102386459A - Method and device for cooling and heating power cell of electric automobile - Google Patents
Method and device for cooling and heating power cell of electric automobile Download PDFInfo
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- CN102386459A CN102386459A CN2010102672310A CN201010267231A CN102386459A CN 102386459 A CN102386459 A CN 102386459A CN 2010102672310 A CN2010102672310 A CN 2010102672310A CN 201010267231 A CN201010267231 A CN 201010267231A CN 102386459 A CN102386459 A CN 102386459A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for cooling and heating a power cell of an electric automobile based on phase-change slurry circulation. A phase-change material is subjected to micro-nano capsule encapsulation, and then, is prepared into phase-change slurry together with a liquid solvent; the phase-change slurry is subjected to heat exchange closed circulation between a power cell encapsulating chamber and an air conditioner compartment chamber of the electric automobile; and the transfer beneficial flowage of heat between the cell encapsulating chamber and the air conditioner compartment chamber is achieved by utilizing the heat absorption or the heat release phenomenon of the phase-change material occurring in a heat exchange solid-liquid phase-change process. The method and the device for cooling and heating the power cell of the electric automobile are the temperature control and the heat management techniques of the power cell of the electric automobile, and the cooling problem in the condition of a high-temperature climate (an ambient temperature is more than 40 DEG C) and the heating problem in the condition of a low-temperature climate (the ambient temperature is less than 0 DEG C) for the power cell of the electric automobile can be effectively solved.
Description
Affiliated technical field:
The invention belongs to the thermal management technology field of electric automobile power battery, be specially cooling and the heating technique of electric automobile power battery under megathermal climate (temperature is greater than 40 ℃) condition and microthermal climate (temperature is less than 0 ℃) condition.
Technical background:
The working temperature of electric automobile power battery need maintain within certain scope and (be generally 10 ℃-50 ℃ like lithium battery), the temperature too high useful life that can reduce battery, and possibly produce safety problem such as blast.The too low service behaviour that then can reduce battery of temperature, low temperature also may be destroyed the electrolyte of battery and cause the discarded of battery
[1,2]At present, the heat management of electric automobile power battery generally is through the air that extracts surrounding environment battery to be cooled off.But when ambient temperature during greater than 40 ℃, the cooling of battery then can not realize the cooling effect to battery through the method that extracts ambient air.In addition, then need heat during less than 0 ℃ when ambient temperature battery.Therefore operate in megathermal climate (temperature is greater than 40 ℃) or microthermal climate (temperature is less than 0 ℃) condition following time when electric automobile, electrokinetic cell need be taked new cooling or heating means.
Under the situation that air conditioning for automobiles is opened; Temperature between the air conditioning for automobiles freight space is generally 18 ℃-24 ℃; Under above-mentioned high temperature or microthermal climate condition, can through the air that extracts the air-conditioned cabin interdigit battery be cooled off or heat, like the Insight of Honda and the Prius hybrid-electric car of Toyota
[3], but this method has two critical defects, at first, if directly be discharged in the environment after the heat exchange of the air that extracts process battery pack, then causes the waste of significant amount of energy; If be back to the air-conditioned cabin interdigit after the heat exchange of the air that extracts process battery pack, then greatly reduce the air quality of air-conditioned cabin interdigit.Secondly, in this method between the air-conditioning freight space and between between cell package owing to adopted the air channel connectivity structure, this can increase air-conditioned cabin interdigit passenger's security risk (like fire/explosion etc.) greatly.
Summary of the invention:
The present invention is a kind of cooling and heating means and device of electric automobile power battery, particularly can solve electric automobile power battery in cooling problem under megathermal climate (the ambient temperature fire is in the 40 ℃) condition and the heating problems under the microthermal climate condition (ambient temperature is less than 0 ℃).Method that the present invention proposes and device are explained as follows:
The neither endothermic nor exothermic phenomenon can take place in phase-change material in the solid-liquid phase change process; And the material self-temperature generally remains unchanged; Change in volume is very little, based on this principle and consider that the temperature of electric automobile air-conditioned cabin interdigit is generally 18 ℃-24 ℃, through selecting the phase-change material of suitable solid-liquid phase change temperature; It is packaged in micron or the nano-grade capsule, and the diameter of encapsulation capsule is generally 10
-3Between the μ m-400 μ m, the micro-nano capsule that has encapsulated phase-change material and water or other types liquid solvent are mixed with can free-pouring slurry, is referred to as the phase transformation slurry at this.The material of manufacturing and encapsulation capsule can not be to mix with the phase transformation slurry solvent or the material of chemical reaction takes place, and requires to have antiwear characteristic.Between air-conditioned cabin interdigit and cell package, put a heat exchanger (liquid-gas type) respectively; Wherein the heat exchanger of air-conditioned cabin interdigit can be installed with concealed manner; Perhaps be not installed in the air-conditioned cabin interdigit, but need to guarantee that this heat exchanger air side space is connected with the air-conditioned cabin interdigit.With pipeline above-mentioned two heat-exchanger and control corresponding valve and circulating pump are connected and composed intermediate heat exchange closed circulation system; Be full of the phase transformation slurry in the intermediate heat exchange closed circulation system; Starting circulating pump so just can drive the phase transformation slurry and circulating between the air conditioning for automobiles freight space and between the electrokinetic cell encapsulation; Phase-change material in the phase transformation slurry undergoes phase transition in heat exchanger, neither endothermic nor exothermic takes place in the phase transition process and carry out heat exchange with heat exchanger air side air.Under the megathermal climate condition (ambient temperature is greater than 40 ℃); At this moment battery need cool off; Can select phase transition temperature is that phase-change material between 28 ℃-32 ℃ prepares the phase transformation slurry, because temperature is liquid by solid-state thawing in the heat exchanger of phase-change material between cell package and absorbs heat greater than the phase transition temperature of phase-change material between cell package; Thereby reach cooling effect to battery; Simultaneously, because air-conditioned cabin interdigit temperature (18 ℃-24 ℃) is less than the phase transition temperature of phase-change material, phase-change material is solid-state and with heat release by settable liquid in the heat exchanger of air-conditioned cabin interdigit.Under the microthermal climate condition (ambient temperature is less than 0 ℃); Need heat battery, can select phase transition temperature is that phase-change material between 8 ℃-12 ℃ prepares the phase transformation slurry, and at this moment temperature is lower than the phase transition temperature of phase-change material between cell package; Be solid-state and release heat by settable liquid in the heat exchanger of phase-change material between cell package; Thereby reach the purpose that battery is heated, simultaneously, because air-conditioned cabin interdigit temperature (18 ℃-24 ℃) is greater than the phase transition temperature of phase-change material; So when the phase transformation slurry was circulated to the heat exchanger of air-conditioned cabin interdigit, it was liquid and the continuation circulation by solid-state thawing that phase-change material absorbs heat.
In order to guarantee that the phase transformation slurry circulates under high temperature or the low temperature environment temperature the cooling or the heats/efficient of battery, the shell between cell package is an insulation construction.Be equipped with one between cell package on the shell and can open and close air inlet and one and can open and close exhaust outlet, to guarantee when ambient temperature is between 0 ℃-40 ℃, can adopt that extracting surrounding air cools off battery.The heat transferring medium of battery cooling or heating is an air between cell package, after the cooling or heating of air heat exchanger in through air channel between cell package, by the blower fan pressurization, sends to battery surface through air outlet afterwards again.The battery surface temperature controlling can realize through the flow of control blower fan, can pass through the circular flow of control intermediate heat exchange closed circulation system phase transformation slurry in case of necessity.
The phase-change material of phase transition temperature between-5 ℃-190 ℃ is a lot
[4], like organic material paraffin, (ambient temperature is greater than 40 ℃) have octadecane (molecular formula are C under battery cooling work pattern
18H
38, the solid-liquid phase change temperature is 28 ℃) and can be used as phase-change material, (ambient temperature is less than 0 ℃) has pentadecane (molecular formula is C under the heating work pattern
15H
32, the solid-liquid phase change temperature is 9.9 ℃) and can be used as phase-change material.Crystalline hydrate salt in the inorganic material also can satisfy the requirement of the present invention to the phase-change material phase transition temperature, in 0 ℃ of-90 ℃ of temperature range, can prepare the phase-change material of corresponding solid-liquid phase change temperature through crystallization or dehydration.
The present invention can effectively solve electric automobile power battery in cooling problem under megathermal climate (ambient temperature is greater than the 40 ℃) condition and the heating problems under the microthermal climate condition (ambient temperature is less than 0 ℃); Have advantages such as safe and efficient, application that can be under extreme climate ambient temperature conditions on a large scale.
Description of drawings:
The apparatus structure sketch map based on the electric automobile power battery cooling of phase transformation slurry circulation of accompanying drawing for adopting that the inventive method implements, wherein shell 4. heat-insulation layers 5. air-valves 6. can open and close that heat exchanger 11. can open and close air inlet 12. air-conditioned cabin interdigit heat exchangers 13. circulating pumps 14. electronic or solenoid valve 15. by-pass valves 16. hand control valves 17. supply air ducts between exhaust outlet 7. battery modules 8. air outlets 9. breeze fans 10. cell package between 1. air-conditioned cabin interdigit shells, 2. return airways, 3. cell package.
Dotted line in the accompanying drawing between the air-conditioning freight space is represented heat exchanger 12 hidden being installed in the air-conditioned cabin interdigit.
Embodiment:
The circulation that band filled arrows thick lines constitute in the accompanying drawing is an intermediate heat exchange closed circulation system; Circulatory mediator is the phase transformation slurry; Band hollow arrow lines are cooling or heated air circulation; Wherein the phase transformation slurry is mixed with liquid solvent by the phase-change material of micro-nano encapsulated and obtains, and the phase-change material of micro-nano encapsulated can directly be bought from market.In the accompanying drawing between cell package shell 3 be insulation construction, battery pack 7 places between cell package, the layout quantity of battery pack 7 is confirmed (6 battery pack are one of instance among the figure) according to the power output of total power designs and single battery group.In addition; Need to prove the position of air-conditioned cabin interdigit heat exchanger 12 especially at this; Other associated cyclic parts of heat exchanger 12 and circulation can be installed in the air-conditioned cabin interdigit with concealed manner; If it is inner that heat exchanger 12 is not installed in the air-conditioned cabin interdigit, need guarantee that then the air side space of heat exchanger 12 is connected with the air-conditioned cabin interdigit.According to the difference of electric automobile ambient temperature, the course of work of accompanying drawing device is:
(1) when ambient temperature during at 0 ℃-40 ℃; Intermediate heat exchange closed circulation system will not worked; Can open and close air inlet 11 among the figure and can open and close exhaust outlet 6 and open; Air-valve 5 on the return airway 2 cuts out, and at this moment breeze fan 9 draw ambient air and cool off through 8 pairs of battery pack 7 of air outlet are discharged by opening and closing exhaust outlet 6 afterwards.
(2) when ambient temperature during, at this moment start intermediate heat exchange closed circulation system battery is cooled off, be referred to as the cooling work pattern greater than 40 ℃.Under the cooling work pattern, the employing phase transition temperature is that the phase-change material between 28 ℃-32 ℃ prepares the circulating phase-change slurry, and like octadecane, its solid-liquid phase change temperature is 28 ℃.Under the cooling work pattern, can open and close air inlet 11 in the accompanying drawing and can open and close exhaust outlet 6 and all close, air-valve 5 is an open mode.In heat exchanger 10, to absorb heat be liquid by solid-state thawing to phase-change material in the phase transformation slurry; After cooled air is pressurizeed by blower fan 9; Sending to battery pack 7 surfaces through air outlet 8 cools off battery; Air after the heat absorption gets into return airway by air-valve 5, arrives heat exchanger 10 and continues new round heat exchange circulation.Phase-change material is liquid state or operative liquid (being closed in the micro-nano capsule) in the phase transformation slurry that is come out by heat exchanger 10; After the phase transformation slurry gets into heat exchanger 12; Because air-conditioned cabin interdigit temperature is lower than its phase transition temperature; The liquid phase-change material solidification is solid-state and release heat, and the heat of release is discharged through automotive air-conditioning system, and the phase transformation slurry is proceeded the next round circulation.
(3) when ambient temperature during less than 0 ℃, intermediate heat exchange closed circulation system heats battery under this condition, is referred to as the heating work pattern.Under the heating work pattern, the employing phase transition temperature is that the phase-change material between 8 ℃-12 ℃ prepares the circulating phase-change slurry, and like pentadecane, its solid-liquid phase change temperature is 9.9 ℃.Under the heating work pattern, can open and close air inlet 11 in the accompanying drawing and can open and close exhaust outlet 6 and all close, air-valve 5 is an open mode.In cyclic process; Because temperature is lower than the phase transition temperature of phase-change material between cell package, in the phase transformation slurry phase-change material of liquid state or operative liquid therefore in heat exchanger 10, be solidified as solid-state, release heat in the process of setting; The heat that discharges by heat exchanger 10 air side absorption of air after; By blower fan 9 pressurization, send to battery surface through air outlet 8 again, air gets into return airways through air-valve 5 and comes back to heat exchanger 10 and carry out new round circulation afterwards.After the phase transformation slurry that is come out by heat exchanger 10 gets into air-conditioned cabin interdigit heat exchanger 12; Because air-conditioned cabin interdigit temperature is higher than the phase transition temperature of phase-change material; Solid phase change material can absorb heat and melt and be liquid state, returns to the phase transformation slurry that contains the liquid phase-change material again and is sent to once more by circulating pump that heat exchanger 10 carries out new round circulation between cell package.
In the accompanying drawing air-supply air port 8 be arranged as example, the layout quantity of air outlet 8 and position can be designed according to the cooling needs of battery pack.In the accompanying drawing device; Can reach control battery surface temperature through the air mass flow of control cooling or heating and the flow of phase transformation slurry; The control of air mass flow can realize through control forced draft fan 9; The control of phase transformation slurry flow can realize through circulating pump 13 or control valve 14, also can realize through the bypass flow of regulating the phase transformation slurry.
List of references:
[1]H.-G.Schweiger，M.Multerer，M.Schweizer-Berberich，H.J.Gores，Int.J.Eelectrochem.Sci.，3(2008)：427-443.
[2]Pandil?G.Patil，Developments?in?lithium-ion?battery?technology?in?the?Peoples?Republic?ofChina，ANL/ESD/08-1，Argonne?National?Laboratory，South?Cass?Avenue，US，2008.
[3]K.J.Kelly，M.Mihalic，M.Zolot，Battery?usage?and?thermal?performance?of?the?Toyota?Priusand?Honda?Insight?for?various?chassi?sdynamometer?test?procedures，17
thAnnual?BatteryConference，Long?Beach，California，January?14-18，2002.
[4]S.Gschwander，P.Schossig，H.-M.Henning，Solar?Energy?Materials&Solar?Cells，89(2005)：307-315。
Claims (4)
1. the cooling of an electric automobile power battery and heating means and device; Power battery pack places between airtight cell package; Through pipeline heat exchanger, circulating pump, valve and pipeline parts are interconnected formation intermediate heat exchange closed circulation system; It is characterized in that: comprise two heat exchangers in the intermediate heat exchange closed circulation system, be installed on respectively between the encapsulation of electric automobile air-conditioned cabin interdigit and electrokinetic cell that the inner circulatory mediator of circulation line is the phase transformation slurry.
2. the cooling of electric automobile power battery according to claim 1 and heating means and device; It is characterized in that: shell is an insulation construction between cell package, has on the shell can open and close air inlet and can open and close exhaust outlet, and there are supply air duct and return airway in inside between cell package; Heat exchanger is installed between supply air duct and the return airway; Air outlet is installed on the supply air duct, air-valve is installed, can open and close air inlet and be installed on the return airway with inside, wind air channel.
3. the cooling of electric automobile power battery according to claim 1 and heating means and device; It is characterized in that: the phase transformation slurry is the phase-change material and the liquid solvent mixture of micro-nano encapsulated; Battery is under the cooling work pattern; Intermediate heat exchange cycles systemic circulation solid-liquid phase change temperature is the phase transformation slurry of phase-change material between 28 ℃-32 ℃; Battery is under the heating work pattern, and intermediate heat exchange cycles systemic circulation solid-liquid phase change temperature is the phase transformation slurry of phase-change material between 8 ℃-12 ℃.
4. the cooling of electric automobile power battery according to claim 1 and heating means and device, it is characterized in that: the heat exchanger between the air conditioning for automobiles freight space is hidden installation, is communicated with between this heat exchanger air side space and air conditioning for automobiles freight space.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2010102672310A CN102386459A (en) | 2010-08-30 | 2010-08-30 | Method and device for cooling and heating power cell of electric automobile |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010102672310A CN102386459A (en) | 2010-08-30 | 2010-08-30 | Method and device for cooling and heating power cell of electric automobile |
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104167574A (en) * | 2013-05-17 | 2014-11-26 | 同济大学 | Passive phase-change material cooling system for power battery of electric automobile |
| CN105098290A (en) * | 2015-07-28 | 2015-11-25 | 苏州奥杰汽车技术股份有限公司 | Battery pack and in-car temperature regulation system |
| CN105210231A (en) * | 2013-04-23 | 2015-12-30 | 项晓东 | A cooling mechanism for batteries using L-V phase change materials |
| CN105620399A (en) * | 2016-04-05 | 2016-06-01 | 陈金蒂 | New energy automobile solar air-conditioner |
| CN106042840A (en) * | 2016-06-28 | 2016-10-26 | 江苏启能新能源材料有限公司 | Phase change heat storage type heating system used for new energy automobile |
| CN106143048A (en) * | 2016-06-24 | 2016-11-23 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of electric bus air-conditioning system of phase-change accumulation energy |
| CN106785199A (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2017-05-31 | 北京玖琳创新科技有限公司 | A kind of Li-ion batteries piles power supply heat sinking device |
| CN109888435A (en) * | 2019-04-03 | 2019-06-14 | 吉林大学 | A kind of new-energy automobile power battery cooling system |
| CN109888437A (en) * | 2019-04-18 | 2019-06-14 | 吉林大学 | A kind of cooling heating system of battery pack |
| CN110120567A (en) * | 2019-05-09 | 2019-08-13 | 华东交通大学 | One kind being based on phase-change heat transfer and CO218650 battery modules of thermal protection |
| CN111555376A (en) * | 2020-04-08 | 2020-08-18 | 江苏快乐电源(涟水)有限公司 | Electric forklift energy recovery system for guaranteeing thermal balance of battery |
| CN112261841A (en) * | 2020-10-23 | 2021-01-22 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十九研究所 | Electronic equipment cooling liquid supply system and method based on phase change capsule heat storage and temperature control |
| CN113212100A (en) * | 2021-06-02 | 2021-08-06 | 合肥工业大学 | Pure electric vehicle integrated heat management system and method based on phase change capsules |
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Patent Citations (3)
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| US20020184908A1 (en) * | 2001-06-09 | 2002-12-12 | Behr Gmbh & Co. | Vehicle cooling system for a temperature-raising device and method for the cooling of a temperature-raising device |
| US20080078542A1 (en) * | 2004-02-04 | 2008-04-03 | Gering Kevin L | Thermal management methods |
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Cited By (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105210231A (en) * | 2013-04-23 | 2015-12-30 | 项晓东 | A cooling mechanism for batteries using L-V phase change materials |
| CN105210231B (en) * | 2013-04-23 | 2018-05-15 | 项晓东 | Use the battery unit cooling system of L-V phase-change materials |
| CN104167574A (en) * | 2013-05-17 | 2014-11-26 | 同济大学 | Passive phase-change material cooling system for power battery of electric automobile |
| CN105098290A (en) * | 2015-07-28 | 2015-11-25 | 苏州奥杰汽车技术股份有限公司 | Battery pack and in-car temperature regulation system |
| CN105098290B (en) * | 2015-07-28 | 2017-12-15 | 苏州奥杰汽车技术股份有限公司 | A kind of battery bag and vehicle interior temperature regulator control system |
| CN105620399A (en) * | 2016-04-05 | 2016-06-01 | 陈金蒂 | New energy automobile solar air-conditioner |
| CN106143048A (en) * | 2016-06-24 | 2016-11-23 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of electric bus air-conditioning system of phase-change accumulation energy |
| CN106143048B (en) * | 2016-06-24 | 2018-09-04 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of electric bus air-conditioning system of phase-change accumulation energy |
| CN106042840A (en) * | 2016-06-28 | 2016-10-26 | 江苏启能新能源材料有限公司 | Phase change heat storage type heating system used for new energy automobile |
| CN106785199A (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2017-05-31 | 北京玖琳创新科技有限公司 | A kind of Li-ion batteries piles power supply heat sinking device |
| CN109888435A (en) * | 2019-04-03 | 2019-06-14 | 吉林大学 | A kind of new-energy automobile power battery cooling system |
| CN109888435B (en) * | 2019-04-03 | 2023-11-24 | 吉林大学 | New energy automobile power battery cooling system |
| CN109888437A (en) * | 2019-04-18 | 2019-06-14 | 吉林大学 | A kind of cooling heating system of battery pack |
| CN109888437B (en) * | 2019-04-18 | 2024-03-29 | 吉林大学 | Battery pack cooling and heating system |
| CN110120567A (en) * | 2019-05-09 | 2019-08-13 | 华东交通大学 | One kind being based on phase-change heat transfer and CO218650 battery modules of thermal protection |
| CN110120567B (en) * | 2019-05-09 | 2024-04-02 | 华东交通大学 | Based on phase transition heat transfer and CO 2 18650 battery module with heat protection function |
| CN111555376A (en) * | 2020-04-08 | 2020-08-18 | 江苏快乐电源(涟水)有限公司 | Electric forklift energy recovery system for guaranteeing thermal balance of battery |
| CN112261841A (en) * | 2020-10-23 | 2021-01-22 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十九研究所 | Electronic equipment cooling liquid supply system and method based on phase change capsule heat storage and temperature control |
| CN113212100A (en) * | 2021-06-02 | 2021-08-06 | 合肥工业大学 | Pure electric vehicle integrated heat management system and method based on phase change capsules |
| CN113212100B (en) * | 2021-06-02 | 2022-08-16 | 合肥工业大学 | Pure electric vehicle integrated heat management system and method based on phase change capsules |
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Application publication date: 20120321 |