CN102383868A - Method and device for comprehensively utilizing energy of high-pressure natural gas - Google Patents
Method and device for comprehensively utilizing energy of high-pressure natural gas Download PDFInfo
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- CN102383868A CN102383868A CN2010102660205A CN201010266020A CN102383868A CN 102383868 A CN102383868 A CN 102383868A CN 2010102660205 A CN2010102660205 A CN 2010102660205A CN 201010266020 A CN201010266020 A CN 201010266020A CN 102383868 A CN102383868 A CN 102383868A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method and a device for comprehensively utilizing energy of high-pressure natural gas. The method comprises the following steps of: carrying out decarbonization and dehydration on the high-pressure natural gas; reducing a temperature and a pressure of the high-pressure natural gas by turbine expansion; generating electricity by shaft work output by a turbine expansion engine; carrying out cold energy collection on the natural gas subjected to turbine expansion by a heat exchanger, feeding the natural gas subjected to heat exchange by the heat exchanger into an internal combustion engine to generate chemical energy; generating electricity by the chemical energy; and feeding high temperature fume generated by the internal combustion engine into a waste heat boiler to generate steam or hot water. The device comprises a high-pressure natural gas pipeline, a low-pressure natural gas pipeline, a pressure regulator, a valve, the turbine expansion engine, a turbine expansion engine generating set, an internal combustion engine generating set, the heat exchanger, a decarbonization and dehydration mechanism, a frequency converter and the waste heat boiler. The decarbonization and dehydration mechanism is connected with the high-pressure natural gas pipeline and the turbine expansion engine. The turbine expansion engine is connected with a generator and the heat exchanger. The heat exchanger is connected with the low-pressure natural gas transmission and distribution pipeline, thermal fluid and a cold energy pipeline. The internal combustion engine is connected with the generator, the low-pressure natural gas pipeline and the waste heat boiler. Heat energy generated by the waste heat boiler is transferred to thermal equipment. Two types of electric energy are transferred to electric equipment through the frequency converter. The energy utilization rate is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method and apparatus of high-pressure natural gas total energy approach.
Background technique
Along with the formulation of regional pipe network that built up " two horizontal one is vertical " natural gas pipeline main artery, 8 domestic gas field external transport pipelines, 8 big natural gas consumption markets before 2015 and underground natural gas storage tank, the four major regions developing goal that matches, present Gas Industry extensive concern remain the gas transmission Ability Construction.Not by extensive attention, can recycle as yet by this part energy for the huge energy-saving potential that long-distance transport pipes self contain, and has important demonstration and realistic meaning for the efficiency of energy utilization that improves China's natural gas industry.
For the combustion gas long-distance transport pipes, in order to improve its displacement, set up pressurizing point usually on the way rock gas is compressed, so just make rock gas usually with some urban gate station of very high pressure feed or industrial large user.Rock gas is as fuel usefulness, and its working pressure will be well below supply pressure, and common way is to use after reducing pressure with pressure governor again.In throttling step-down process, its pressure drop full consumption is overcoming on the flow resistance, and rock gas does not promote any mechanical work in flow process, and pressure can not obtain reclaiming.
Gas source condition with certain station of transferring natural gas from the west to the east can carry out theoretical calculation to rock gas long-distance transport pipes overbottom pressure:
Table 1: gas source condition
| Inlet temperature (℃) | Pressure (MPaG) enters the station | Departures pressure (MPaG) | Tolerance (Nm 3/h) |
| 20 | 2-4 | 0.25 | 25000 |
Table 2 available energy theoretical calculation result
Actual recoverable energy and table 2 are variant.Aspen plus (Advanced System for Process Engineering) is the large-scale general process simulation system; Adopt the RKS-BM computational methods of the corresponding Transportation of oil and gas by pipeline of ASPEN system recommendation; Adopting turbo-expander is pressure ability recovering device, and getting efficiency of expander respectively is 0.75, and gear-box efficient is 0.98; Generator efficiency is 0.96, draws after calculating:
Calculate by expander inlet absolute pressure 4.1MPa, outlet absolute pressure 0.35MPa, 20 ℃ of inlet temperatures, tolerance 25000Nm3/h, the value that draws its cold, generated energy maximum point is respectively cold 1017KW, generated energy 946KW.Accordingly, when expander inlet absolute pressure 2.1MPa, outlet absolute pressure 0.35MPa, 20 ℃ of inlet temperatures, tolerance 25000Nm3/h, calculate smallest point and be respectively cold 650KW, generated energy 612KW.
Therefore; Rock gas expand into 0.35MPa (A) by 2.1～4.1MPa (A), and tolerance is 22500Nm3/h, and outlet temperature is lower than-63 ℃ and behind heat exchanger, rises again 0 ℃; Per hour can produce cold, per hour can produce the electric energy of 680～930KW simultaneously greater than 680KW.For a medium-sized rock gas receiving station, energy-saving benefit very significantly.In today of energy growing tension, can effectively improve energy utilization rate and particularly seem important.
The existing equipment that utilizes natural gas transmission and distribution pipeline pressure reduction to carry out cogeneration; The heat energy that produces in mechanical energy that discharges in the equipment recycling rock gas decompression process that internal combustion engine generator group that turbo-expander generator set, separate unit internal-combustion engine and the generator that adopts separate unit turbo-expander and generator to constitute formed and heat exchanger constitute and the generator set power generation process; But this equipment can not adapt to a supply pressure, the downstream rock gas user use amount situation of fluctuation at any time of standing such as natural valve station; Cause pressure, frequency and the electric weight of electric energy output extremely unstable; Can't satisfy the needs of electricity consumption end, limit the practice of this type technology.
Summary of the invention
Main purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcoming that existing product exists; And a kind of method and apparatus of high-pressure natural gas total energy approach is provided; It is when accomplishing the high-pressure natural gas step-down; Make the mechanical energy, the cold energy that produce in the rock gas expansion step-down process, and the chemical energy that internal-combustion engine produces obtains fully utilizing with heat energy, effectively improve energy utilization rate.
The objective of the invention is to realize by following technological scheme.
The method of high-pressure natural gas total energy approach of the present invention is characterized in that, comprising:
(1) high-pressure natural gas of pipeline being carried is sent into the decarburization dehydration plant and is carried out the decarburization processed, reduces the carbon content and the water content of high-pressure natural gas;
(2) will pass through the high-pressure natural gas feeding turbo-expander expansion that decarburization is dewatered, make the high-pressure natural gas decrease temperature and pressure;
(3) generator that is connected with the turbo-expander output shaft utilizes high-pressure natural gas behind turbo-expander, to expand, and changes the enthalpy of high-pressure natural gas into technological merit, utilizes the shaft work of turbo-expander output to generate electricity;
The low-temp low-pressure rock gas that (4) will pass through after turbo-expander expands carries out heat exchange through the heat exchanger that is connected with turbo-expander, collects and utilize cold energy;
(5) will pass through rock gas that heat exchanger carries out heat exchange sends in the internal-combustion engine and produces chemical energy with the air mixing burning back that feeds in the internal-combustion engine;
(6) chemical energy that produces drives generator and generates electricity;
(7) high-temperature flue gas with combustion in IC engine feeds exhaust heat boiler generation steam or hot water.
The method of aforesaid high-pressure natural gas total energy approach, wherein said decarburization dehydration plant is an adsorption tower, and carbon dioxide content is reduced to 1% to 30ppm in this adsorption tower export gas, and dew point temperature is reduced to 0 to-100 ℃;
The condition that said turbo-expander expands is controlled at 1.0MPa to 30MPa for the inlet gas pressure; The export gas pressure control is at 0.1MPa to 1.6MPa, and temperature is controlled at-2 ℃ to-150 ℃; Little, the modes that adopt two of series connection or two above turbo-expander generator set when supply gas pressure is high of user's gas consumption when downstream; Adopt the mode of two of parallel connections or two above turbo-expander generator set when big, the supply gas pressure of user's gas consumption is low when downstream; To gas pressure and the flow adaptive capacity of actual conditions that fluctuates widely, and improve service life of equipment with the raising system;
Said heat exchanger is a cryogenic heat exchanger, and getting into the natural gas temperature that this cryogenic heat exchanger carries out after the heat exchange is more than 0 ℃;
The rock gas that said process cryogenic heat exchanger carries out heat exchange is sent in the internal-combustion engine and is burnt with air mixing, and the control rock gas fully burns;
The high-temperature flue gas of said feeding exhaust heat boiler is more than 150 ℃.
The method of aforesaid high-pressure natural gas total energy approach; Wherein said low-temp low-pressure rock gas after expanding through turbo-expander through and turbo-expander expand after the cryogenic heat exchanger that is connected carries out heat exchange, the cold energy of collection is used for air separation facility, freezer project, produce liquid carbon dioxide and dry ice, artificial ice and snow, lighter hydrocarbons separate and perhaps central air-conditioner of deep cooling pulverizing.
The method of aforesaid high-pressure natural gas total energy approach; Wherein be provided with frequency variator between rock gas turbo-expander generator set output terminal and the oil-electric engine group output terminal; With the instability output of adjustment turbo-expander generator set electric energy, make the quality of turbine expansion generating and two kinds of electric power outputs of internal combustion generating be complementary the parameter of two kinds of electric energy of adjustment; Realize coupling, satisfy of the requirement of electricity consumption end electrical power stabilization property.
The method of aforesaid high-pressure natural gas total energy approach, wherein the steam of exhaust heat boiler generation is supplied with process heat or is lived with heat; The hot water supply domestic hot-water that said exhaust heat boiler produces.
The device of high-pressure natural gas total energy approach of the present invention comprises oil-electric engine group and heat exchanger that rock gas turbo-expander generator set, internal combustion engine output shaft and generator that high-pressure natural gas transmission & distribution pipeline 1, low pressure natural gas transmission & distribution pipeline 6, pressure governor, valve, rock gas turbo-expander, rock gas turbo-expander output shaft and generator constitute are formed; It is characterized in that: also comprise decarburization dewatering device, frequency variator and exhaust heat boiler; This decarburization dewatering device is an adsorption tower 2, and the import of this adsorption tower 2 is connected with high-pressure natural gas transmission & distribution pipeline 1 through pipeline, and its outlet is connected with valve with the turbo-expander import through pipeline; The output shaft of this turbo-expander connects the rock gas turbo-expander generator set that generator constitutes, and the outlet of turbo-expander is connected with the cold fluid import of heat exchanger through valve; Low pressure natural gas transmission & distribution pipeline 6 after the cold fluid outlet of this heat exchanger is passed through pipeline and expanded is connected; And the hot fluid of heat exchanger inlet is connected with the hot fluid that needs heat exchange; And the outlet of the hot fluid of heat exchanger is connected with cold energy use pipeline 13, transports to and uses cool equipment; Low pressure natural gas transmission & distribution pipeline 6 after the rock gas entrance point of this internal-combustion engine 8 passes through valve and expands is connected; The air intlet end 7 and the atmosphere of internal-combustion engine 8; And the high-temperature flue gas of the burning of internal-combustion engine 8 is fed in the exhaust heat boiler 11 by pipeline; The heat energy 16 that exhaust heat boiler 11 produces is discharged by exhaust port and is transported to the hot equipment of using, and the output shaft of this internal-combustion engine and generator connect and compose the oil-electric engine group; Be provided with frequency variator between this rock gas turbo-expander generator set output terminal and the oil-electric engine group output terminal, the electric energy 15 of two kinds of generator set outputs is transported to consumer 18 after frequency variator converges.
The device of aforesaid high-pressure natural gas total energy approach; The import of wherein said adsorption tower 2 is provided with valve 22 with the pipeline that high-pressure natural gas transmission & distribution pipeline 1 is connected; Its outlet is provided with valve 23 with the pipeline of turbo-expander import, and the connecting tube between high-pressure natural gas transmission & distribution pipeline 1 and adsorption tower 2 outlets has been provided with the valve 21 of bypass action; The pipeline that said adsorption tower 2 outlets connect is provided with valve and is connected with many turbo-expanders;
Valve 33 inlets are connected in parallel through the import of pipeline and turbo-expander 31 and the outlet of valve 23; Valve 33 outlets are connected in parallel through the inlet of pipeline and turbo-expander 32 and the inlet of valve 34; Valve 34 inlet is through pipeline the be connected in parallel outlet of valve 33 and the inlet of turbo-expander 32; Valve 34 outlet is through the be connected in parallel cold fluid outlet of inlet and heat exchanger 51 of valve 35 of pipeline; Valve 35 inlet is through pipeline the be connected in parallel outlet of valve 34 and the cold fluid outlet of heat exchanger 51, and valve 35 outlets are through pipeline be connected in parallel the cold fluid outlet and the low pressure natural gas pipeline 6 of heat exchanger 52;
The cold fluid inlet of heat exchanger 51 is connected with the outlet of turbo-expander 31, and the cold fluid outlet is connected in parallel through the outlet of pipeline and valve 34 and the inlet of valve 35;
The cold fluid inlet of heat exchanger 52 is connected with the outlet of turbo-expander 32, and the low pressure natural gas transmission & distribution pipeline 6 after cold fluid outlet and the expansion and the outlet of valve 35 are connected in parallel;
Heat exchanger 51 is connected with the hot fluid that needs heat exchange 12 pipelines respectively with 52 hot fluid inlet, and heat exchanger 51 exports with 52 hot fluid and is connected with cold energy use pipeline 13 respectively, transports to and uses cool equipment;
Valve 33,34 and 35 effect are the series parallel connection that realizes turbo- expander 31 and 32, and when needs turbo-expander 31 was connected with 32, valve 33 and 35 was closed, and valve 34 is opened; When needs turbo- expander 31 and 32 parallel connections, valve 34 is closed, and valve 33 and 35 is opened;
Gas pipeline 6 after the rock gas entrance point of said internal-combustion engine 8 passes through valve 61 and expands is connected; The air intlet end 7 and the atmosphere of internal-combustion engine 8; And the high-temperature flue gas 10 of internal-combustion engine 8 is fed in the exhaust heat boiler 11 by pipeline, and the heat energy 16 that exhaust heat boiler 11 produces is discharged the hot equipment of using of transporting to by exhaust port; The output shaft of this internal-combustion engine and generator 9 connect and compose the oil-electric engine group; The output shaft of said turbo-expander 31 and generator 41 constitute rock gas turbo-expander generator set, are provided with frequency variator 171 between the output terminal of this rock gas turbo-expander generator set and the oil-electric engine group output terminal; The output shaft of said turbo-expander 32 and generator 42 constitute rock gas turbo-expander generator set, are provided with frequency variator 172 between the output terminal of this rock gas turbo-expander generator set and the oil-electric engine group output terminal; Make the electric energy 15 of two kinds of generator set outputs after frequency variator 171 and 172 converges, transport to consumer;
Low pressure natural gas transmission & distribution pipeline 6 after the said expansion is provided with downstream combustion gas user 64 control valve 62;
Be provided with by-pass line between said high-pressure natural gas transmission & distribution pipeline 1 and the low pressure natural gas transmission & distribution pipeline 6, this pipeline is provided with manually-operated gate 24 and 26, and pressure governor 25, and pressure regulator valve 25 is arranged between manually-operated gate 24 and 26.
The beneficial effect of the method and apparatus of high-pressure natural gas total energy approach of the present invention, technological core of the present invention are the energy that the step-down of comprehensive utilization natural gas line produces, and this energy reclaims and realizes through mechanical energy generating, the cold energy of the present invention's design; Chemical energy is utilized through burning by internal-combustion engine, and approach is produce mechanical energy generating and energy recovery.The present invention has made full use of mechanical energy, cold energy, chemical energy and the heat energy that produces in high-pressure natural gas expansion step-down and the combustion process of the internal-combustion engine.It is that the mechanical energy drive various combination mode turbo-expander generator set that utilizes high-pressure natural gas expansion step-down to produce generates electricity; The generation cold energy is gone forward side by side in generating, and row order is terraced to be utilized; The chemical energy that utilizes combustion of natural gas to produce drives the oil-electric engine group and generates electricity, and feeds exhaust heat boiler at the used heat of generating its generation simultaneously and is used; The full-time of turbine expansion unit, internal combustion engine generator group service intermittent, two generation mode couplings are to improve the pressure ability utilization ratio and the stability of a system; The gas water branch removes technology before adopting the turbo-expander operation; Rather than to getting into turbo-expander rock gas heating in the past; Both prevented in the turbine expansion process to freeze, and also overcome existing technology and be the icing phenomenon after preventing to expand and the rock gas that gets into before the turbo-expander is heated the big drawback of energy consumption that causes.The present invention is provided with the instability output of frequency variator with adjustment turbine expansion generator set; And utilize the parameter of two kinds of electric energy of frequency variator adjustment; Make the quality of turbine expansion generating and two kinds of electric power outputs of internal combustion generating be complementary, satisfy of the requirement of electricity consumption end electrical power stabilization property.
Can make full use of mechanical energy, cold energy that the step-down of high-pressure natural gas turbine expansion produces thus, in conjunction with effective utilization of chemical energy and heat energy, realize cold-hot electirc linking, effectively improve energy utilization rate, the energy-saving effect highly significant is realized low-carbon (LC), environmental protection; Can be widely used in the well head decompressor of city gas door station, voltage regulating station and gas field.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is a high-pressure natural gas total energy approach device overall structure schematic representation of the present invention.
Main label declaration among the figure: 1 high-pressure natural gas transmission & distribution pipeline; 2 adsorption towers; 21 manually-operated gates; 22 manually-operated gates; 23 manually-operated gates; 24 manually-operated gates; 25 pressure governors; 26 manually-operated gates; 31 turbo-expanders; 32 turbo-expanders; 33 valves; 34 valves; 35 valves; 41 generators; 42 generators; 51 cryogenic heat exchangers; 52 cryogenic heat exchangers; 6 low pressure natural gas transmission & distribution pipelines; 61 manually-operated gates; 7 air intlet ends; 8 internal-combustion engines; 9 generators; 10 high-temperature flue gas; 11 exhaust heat boilers; 12 need the hot fluid pipeline of heat exchange; 13 cold energy use pipelines; 14 chemical energy; 15 electric energy; 16 heat energy; 171 frequency variators; 172 frequency variators; 18 consumers.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the method for high-pressure natural gas total energy approach of the present invention, it comprises:
(1) high-pressure natural gas of pipeline being carried is sent into the decarburization dehydration plant and is carried out the decarburization processed, reduces the carbon content and the water content of high-pressure natural gas;
(2) will pass through the high-pressure natural gas feeding turbo-expander expansion that decarburization is dewatered, make the high-pressure natural gas decrease temperature and pressure;
(3) generator that is connected with the turbo-expander output shaft utilizes high-pressure natural gas behind turbo-expander, to expand, and changes the enthalpy of high-pressure natural gas into technological merit, utilizes the shaft work of turbo-expander output to generate electricity;
The low-temp low-pressure rock gas that (4) will pass through after turbo-expander expands carries out heat exchange through the heat exchanger that is connected with turbo-expander, collects and utilize cold energy;
(5) will pass through rock gas that heat exchanger carries out heat exchange sends in the internal-combustion engine and produces chemical energy with the air mixing burning back that feeds in the internal-combustion engine;
(6) chemical energy that produces drives generator and generates electricity;
(7) high-temperature flue gas with combustion in IC engine feeds exhaust heat boiler generation steam or hot water.
The method of high-pressure natural gas total energy approach of the present invention, wherein, said decarburization dehydration plant is an adsorption tower, and carbon dioxide content is reduced to 1% to 30ppm in this adsorption tower export gas, and dew point temperature is reduced to 0 to-100 ℃; The condition that said turbo-expander expands is controlled at 1.0MPa to 30MPa for the inlet gas pressure; The export gas pressure control is at 0.1MPa to 1.6MPa, and temperature is controlled at-2 ℃ to-150 ℃; Little, the modes that adopt two of series connection or two above turbo-expander generator set when supply gas pressure is high of user's gas consumption when downstream; Adopt the mode of two of parallel connections or two above turbo-expander generator set when big, the supply gas pressure of user's gas consumption is low when downstream; To gas pressure and the flow adaptive capacity of actual conditions that fluctuates widely, and improve service life of equipment with the raising system; Said heat exchanger is a cryogenic heat exchanger, and getting into the natural gas temperature that this cryogenic heat exchanger carries out after the heat exchange is more than 0 ℃; The rock gas that said process cryogenic heat exchanger carries out heat exchange is sent in the internal-combustion engine and is burnt with air mixing, and the control rock gas fully burns; The high-temperature flue gas of said feeding exhaust heat boiler is more than 150 ℃.
The method of high-pressure natural gas total energy approach of the present invention; Wherein, Said low-temp low-pressure rock gas after expanding through turbo-expander through and turbo-expander expand after the cryogenic heat exchanger that is connected carries out heat exchange, the cold energy of collection is used for air separation facility, freezer project, produce liquid carbon dioxide and dry ice, artificial ice and snow, lighter hydrocarbons separate and perhaps central air-conditioner of deep cooling pulverizing; Be provided with frequency variator between said rock gas turbo-expander generator set output terminal and the oil-electric engine group output terminal; Instability output with adjustment turbo-expander generator set electric energy; The quality of turbine expansion generating and two kinds of electric power outputs of internal combustion generating is complementary; The parameter of two kinds of electric energy of adjustment realizes coupling, satisfies the requirement of electricity consumption end to electrical power stabilization property; The steam that said exhaust heat boiler produces supplies with process heat or heat is used in life; The hot water supply domestic hot-water that said exhaust heat boiler produces.
The device of high-pressure natural gas total energy approach of the present invention comprises oil-electric engine group and heat exchanger that rock gas turbo-expander generator set, internal combustion engine output shaft and generator that high-pressure natural gas transmission & distribution pipeline 1, low pressure natural gas transmission & distribution pipeline 6, pressure governor, valve, rock gas turbo-expander, rock gas turbo-expander output shaft and generator constitute are formed; Its improvements are: also comprise decarburization dewatering device, frequency variator and exhaust heat boiler; This decarburization dewatering device is an adsorption tower 2, and the import of this adsorption tower 2 is connected with high-pressure natural gas transmission & distribution pipeline 1 through pipeline, and its outlet is connected with valve with the turbo-expander import through pipeline; The output shaft of this turbo-expander connects the rock gas turbo-expander generator set that generator constitutes, and the outlet of turbo-expander is connected with the cold fluid import of heat exchanger through valve; Low pressure natural gas transmission & distribution pipeline 6 after the cold fluid outlet of this heat exchanger is passed through pipeline and expanded is connected; And the hot fluid of heat exchanger inlet is connected with the hot fluid that needs heat exchange; And the outlet of the hot fluid of heat exchanger is connected with cold energy use pipeline 13, transports to and uses cool equipment; Low pressure natural gas transmission & distribution pipeline 6 after the rock gas entrance point of this internal-combustion engine 8 passes through valve and expands is connected; The air intlet end 7 and the atmosphere of internal-combustion engine 8; And the high-temperature flue gas of the burning of internal-combustion engine 8 is fed in the exhaust heat boiler 11 by pipeline; The heat energy 16 that exhaust heat boiler 11 produces is discharged by exhaust port and is transported to the hot equipment of using, and the output shaft of this internal-combustion engine and generator connect and compose the oil-electric engine group; Be provided with frequency variator between this rock gas turbo-expander generator set output terminal and the oil-electric engine group output terminal, the electric energy 15 of two kinds of generator set outputs is transported to consumer 18 after frequency variator converges.
The device of high-pressure natural gas total energy approach of the present invention; Wherein, The import of said adsorption tower 2 is provided with valve 22 with the pipeline that high-pressure natural gas transmission & distribution pipeline 1 is connected; Its outlet is provided with valve 23 with the pipeline of turbo-expander import, and the connecting tube between high-pressure natural gas transmission & distribution pipeline 1 and adsorption tower 2 outlets has been provided with the valve 21 of bypass action; The pipeline that said adsorption tower 2 outlets connect is provided with valve and is connected with many turbo-expanders;
Said valve 33 inlets are connected in parallel through the import of pipeline and turbo-expander 31 and the outlet of valve 23; Valve 33 outlets are connected in parallel through the inlet of pipeline and turbo-expander 32 and the inlet of valve 34; Valve 34 inlet is through pipeline the be connected in parallel outlet of valve 33 and the inlet of turbo-expander 32; Valve 34 outlet is through the be connected in parallel cold fluid outlet of inlet and heat exchanger 51 of valve 35 of pipeline; Valve 35 inlet is through pipeline the be connected in parallel outlet of valve 34 and the cold fluid outlet of heat exchanger 51, and valve 35 outlets are through pipeline be connected in parallel the cold fluid outlet and the low pressure natural gas pipeline 6 of heat exchanger 52;
The cold fluid inlet of heat exchanger 51 is connected with the outlet of turbo-expander 31, and the cold fluid outlet is connected in parallel through the outlet of pipeline and valve 34 and the inlet of valve 35;
The cold fluid inlet of heat exchanger 52 is connected with the outlet of turbo-expander 32, and the low pressure natural gas transmission & distribution pipeline 6 after cold fluid outlet and the expansion and the outlet of valve 35 are connected in parallel;
Heat exchanger 51 is connected with the hot fluid that needs heat exchange 12 pipelines respectively with 52 hot fluid inlet, and heat exchanger 51 exports with 52 hot fluid and is connected with cold energy use pipeline 13 respectively, transports to and uses cool equipment;
Gas pipeline 6 after the rock gas entrance point of said internal-combustion engine 8 passes through valve 61 and expands is connected; The air intlet end 7 and the atmosphere of internal-combustion engine 8; And the high-temperature flue gas 10 of internal-combustion engine 8 is fed in the exhaust heat boiler 11 by pipeline, and the heat energy 16 that exhaust heat boiler 11 produces is discharged the hot equipment of using of transporting to by exhaust port; The output shaft of this internal-combustion engine and generator 9 connect and compose the oil-electric engine group; The output shaft of said turbo-expander 31 and generator 41 constitute rock gas turbo-expander generator set, are provided with frequency variator 171 between the output terminal of this rock gas turbo-expander generator set and the oil-electric engine group output terminal; The output shaft of said turbo-expander 32 and generator 42 constitute rock gas turbo-expander generator set, are provided with frequency variator 172 between the output terminal of this rock gas turbo-expander generator set and the oil-electric engine group output terminal; Make the electric energy 15 of two kinds of generator set outputs after frequency variator 171 and 172 converges, transport to consumer;
Low pressure natural gas transmission & distribution pipeline 6 after the said expansion is provided with downstream combustion gas user 64 control valve 62;
Be provided with by-pass line between said high-pressure natural gas transmission & distribution pipeline 1 and the low pressure natural gas transmission & distribution pipeline 6, this pipeline is provided with manually-operated gate 24 and 26, and pressure governor 25, and pressure regulator valve 25 is arranged between manually-operated gate 24 and 26.
Embodiment:
As shown in Figure 1, through the high-pressure natural gas that high pressure natural gas pipe network 1 is carried, the pressure surge scope is 1.6 to 3.5Mpa; Temperature is about 25 ℃, contains 0.2% carbon dioxide and saturation water, and flow is 20,000 Nm3/H; Behind molecular sieve decarburization dehydrating tower 2, dew point temperature is reduced to-35 ℃, and carbon dioxide content is reduced to 50PPM; Get into turbine expansion step-down operation, this operation can have two kinds of operating modes according to the variation of downstream user use gas discharge and pressure:
1, turbo-expander series operation:
When natural atmospheric pressure is in 2.0-3.5Mpa, flow is in 2000--6000Nm
3During/H, adopt turbo-expander series operation mode, at this moment valve 33 and 35 is closed; Valve 34 is opened, and clean rock gas is the turbo-expander 31 of NG30/10-5000 through model at first, and the generator 41 that is connected with turbo-expander 31 output shafts generates electricity; Produce the about 100KW of electric weight, the gas pressure of the low-temp low-pressure behind this turbo-expander 31 of process is that 1.0Mpa, temperature are-30 ℃, and rock gas process stainless steel tube still type cryogenic heat exchanger 51 after this expansion step-down and 20 ℃ central air-conditioner chilled water carry out heat exchange; The central air-conditioner chilled water temperature is dropped to 15 ℃, and cold energy is able to utilize about 90KW, and then the rock gas after the re-heat being fed model is the turbo-expander 32 of NG10/2.5-8000; The generator 42 that is connected with turbo-expander 32 output shafts generates electricity; Produce the about 75KW of electric weight, the gas pressure of the low-temp low-pressure after 32 step-downs of process turbo-expander is that 0.25Mpa, temperature are-30 ℃, and process stainless steel tube still type cryogenic heat exchanger 52 after this expansion step-down and 20 ℃ central air-conditioner chilled water carry out heat exchange; The central air-conditioner chilled water temperature is dropped to 15 ℃; Cold energy 13 is able to utilize about 85KW, makes after the decompressional expansion natural gas temperature re-heat to 15 ℃, throttle down 61; Open valve 62, low pressure natural gas gets into downstream user 64.
When natural throughput is reduced to less than 2000Nm
3During/H, open valve 61, make rock gas get into the air mixing burning that internal-combustion engine 8 and air intlet end 7 get into, the chemical energy that produces when utilizing its burning drives the generator 9 that is connected with internal combustion engine output shaft and generates electricity, and the range of flow of rock gas is 50 to 2000Nm
3/ H; Produce electric weight 150 to 6000KW, the 400 ℃ of high-temperature flue gas 10 that produce in internal-combustion engine 8 combustion processes feed the exhaust heat boiler 11 generation heat energy 16 (steam) that model is Q4.5/400-900KW, and this steam is through the lithium bromide refrigerating unit; The heat energy of its generation is able to utilize the about 75-3000kw of heat energy.
2, turbo-expander parallel running:
When natural atmospheric pressure is in 1.0 to 2.0Mpa, when flow is in 2000 to 6000Nm3/H, adopts turbo-expander parallel running mode, at this moment valve 33 and 35 is opened; Valve 34 is closed; Clean rock gas is the turbo-expander 31 of NG30/10-8000 and the turbo-expander 32 that model is NG10/2.5-8000 through model simultaneously, generates electricity with the generator 41 and 42 that two turbo-expanders 31 are connected with 32 output shafts respectively, produces the about 200KW of electric weight; Through the gas pressure of the low-temp low-pressure behind the turbo-expander be 0.4 to 0.25Mpa, temperature is-45 to-30 ℃; Central air-conditioner chilled water through stainless steel tube still type cryogenic heat exchanger 51 and 5.2 and 20 ℃ carries out heat exchange, and the central air-conditioner chilled water temperature is dropped to 15 ℃, and cold energy 13 is able to utilize about 175KW; The natural gas temperature re-heat to 15 of low-temp low-pressure ℃; Throttle down 61 is opened valve 62, and low pressure natural gas gets into downstream user 64.
When natural throughput is reduced to less than 2000Nm
3During/H, open valve 61, the rock gas of low-temp low-pressure gets into internal-combustion engine 8 and the air mixing burning that air intlet end 7 gets into, and utilizes the chemical energy that produces in the combustion process to drive generator 9 and generates electricity, and the natural gas flow weight range is 50 to 2000Nm
3/ H; Produce electric weight 150-6000KW; It is that Q4.5/400-900KW exhaust heat boiler 11 produces heat energy 16 (steam) that the 400 ℃ of high-temperature flue gas 10 that produce in internal-combustion engine 8 combustion processes feed model, and this steam is able to its heat energy to utilize through the lithium bromide refrigerating unit, and heat energy about 75 is to 3000kw.
The working principle of high-pressure natural gas total energy approach device of the present invention is: under the nominal situation, system is in the working state that decompressor moves, internal-combustion engine stops.When operating mode change (minimizing of downstream gas consumption) causes turbo-expander generator set output electric energy not enough; Open internal-combustion engine drives oil-electric engine group and carry out work; To guarantee the stable of electric power output quantity and output-index; And make turbo-expander be in normal working state, so this turbo-expander is full-time, internal-combustion engine is a discontinuous operation.When the generating of turbo-expander generator set was used in the needs series connection, throttle down 33 and 35 was opened valve 34; When the generating of turbo-expander generator set was used in the needs parallel connection, valve 33 and 35 was opened, and valve 34 is closed.Open valve 61 is to internal-combustion engine fuel supplying rock gas when internal-combustion engine need start.
In the high-pressure natural gas total energy approach device of the present invention: the effect that frequency variator is set is the output parameter that changes the turbine expansion electric energy, comprises frequency, amplitude etc.The frequency variator inlet connects the generator 41 of turbo-expander driving and 42 output terminal, and the frequency variator outlet is connected with the generator outlet of oil-electric engine group.The oil-electric engine group need not to be provided with frequency variator adjustment electrical energy parameter because operating mode is stable.Can change the electrical energy parameter that the turbine expansion generator set is exported through frequency variator, with electric energy and the electric energy holding frequency of oil-electric engine group generation and the conformity of amplitude that guarantees that the turbo-expander generator set produces.
The effect that cryogenic heat exchanger 51 and 52 are set be make water therein with turbine expansion after the rock gas of lowering the temperature through heat exchange, supply cooling load such as air-conditioning to use thereby produce chilled water, realize cold recovery.
The effect that exhaust heat boiler is set is that the high-temperature flue gas that utilizes internal-combustion engine to discharge adds hot water, to produce steam or hot water, supplies heating to wait heating load to use.Exhaust heat boiler can produce steam or hot water, and the steam of its generation or hot water carry out Btu utilization and can its heat energy be fully utilized, and the heat exchanger of existing technology is to be used to heat rock gas, causes that the cold energy of rock gas is lost behind the turbine expansion.
The throttling dropping equipment of being made up of manually-operated gate and pressure regulator valve that is provided with is subsequent use as bypass, when high-pressure natural gas total energy approach plant failure of the present invention is overhauled, launches, and therefore, the valve of this throttling dropping equipment is closed in normal operation.
In a word, technological core of the present invention is the turbine merit that the decompressional expansion in turbo-expander of comprehensive utilization rock gas is done.The expansion acting process of high-pressure natural gas in turbo-expander can be approximately the polytropic process that specific heat capacity is a definite value, and then the turbine merit done of gas is:
In the formula: c
p-specific heat capacity at constant pressure/J (kgK)
-1H-specific enthalpy/Jkg
-1The n-polytropic index; P-pressure/Pa; R
g-rock gas gas constant/J (kgK)
-1T-thermodynamic temperature/K; w
T-turbo-expander is than turbine merit/Jkg
-1 
The turbo-expander step-down ratio; 2,3-turbo-expander entrance and exit state point.
The turbine merit reclaims and realizes through mechanical energy generating, the cold energy of the present invention's design; System by maintenance the stability that can export of generating need use the chemical energy of part rock gas, chemical energy is utilized through burning by internal-combustion engine, approach is produce mechanical energy generating and energy recovery.
The advantage of the method and apparatus of high-pressure natural gas total energy approach of the present invention:
1, for the combustion gas long-distance transport pipes, in order to improve its displacement, set up pressurizing point usually on the way rock gas is compressed, so just make rock gas usually with some urban gate station of very high pressure feed or industrial large user.Rock gas is as fuel usefulness, and its working pressure will be well below supply pressure, and common way is to use after reducing pressure with pressure governor again.In throttling step-down process, its pressure drop full consumption is overcoming on the flow resistance, and rock gas does not promote any mechanical work in flow process, does not also reclaim the cold energy that produces in the energy-conservation step-down process, and pressure can not obtain reclaiming.Meaning of the present invention is; Make original rock gas through pressure regulator valve throttling step-down; All through comprising the pressure ability recovering device of molecular sieve decarburization dehydrating tower, turbine expansion generator set, internal combustion engine generator group, cryogenic heat exchanger and exhaust heat boiler formation, through reclaiming pressure energy of natural gas to realize cold-hot electirc linking.It removes impurity and moisture in the rock gas with high-pressure natural gas through molecular sieve decarburization dehydrating tower, and the rock gas after the decarburization dehydration gets into turbine power generation unit output electric energy and cold energy, and rock gas obtains step-down; Rock gas after the step-down can satisfy downstream user to low pressure natural gas use the gas needs, simultaneously when the internal combustion engine generator group is moved to unit fuel supplying rock gas; The cold energy that produces behind the natural gas via turbine expansion is reclaimed by cryogenic heat exchanger, and the high-temp combustion flue gas of internal-combustion engine is reclaimed by exhaust heat boiler.
2, be provided with the throttling dropping equipment of forming by manually-operated gate and pressure regulator valve in the device of high-pressure natural gas total energy approach of the present invention, subsequent use as bypass, can launch during the recovering device troubleshooting at pressure.
3, the present invention is provided with two above rock gas turbo-expander generator set; To adapt to the downstream rock gas user use amount situation of fluctuation at any time; When downstream user's rock gas gas consumption little, when supply gas pressure is high; Adopt the mode of many rock gas turbo-expander generator set of series connection, when downstream user's rock gas gas consumption big, when supply gas pressure is low, adopt the mode of many rock gas turbo-expander generator set of parallel connection.Simultaneously; Because the flexible arrangement that many turbine expansion units can carry out parallel connection and series connection is set; In the adaptive capacity for variation in pressure still is all to have strengthened aspect the adaptive capacity of changes in flow rate; Overcome the defective of the actual conditions adaptive capacity difference that the separate unit turbo-expander fluctuates widely to pressure and flow simultaneously, effectively avoided existing system often to be operated in the very big flow of a not economical rationality and the drawback in pressure calibration interval, thereby increased the flexibility of system in the face of changeable operating mode needs equipment; The system that makes can adapt to changeable operating mode, improves life of equipment.Adaptive capacity with to the flow of wide fluctuations is an example; System is system's peak rate of flow with every turbine power generation unit flow calibration value half designs, therefore when flow reduces by half, can only open a turbine expansion generator set so that system works in the equipment calibration value.If but have only a turbine power generation unit to satisfy the flow of station and the operating mode of pressure fluctuation; Then equipment calibration value scope will be very big; If flow has only the half the of the calibration value upper limit, then equipment will be operated in very uneconomic state, and device efficiency also can descend.Can make every equipment pressure range calibration value with serial fashion is the half the of station pressure maximum wave range, and single device satisfies whole pressure surge scope and also will influence equipment effectiveness.
4, the present invention is provided with frequency variator; Can adjust the instability output of rock gas turbo-expander generator set generated energy; Make the quality of the generating of rock gas turbine expansion and two kinds of electric power outputs of internal-combustion engine generating be complementary; Satisfy of the requirement of electricity consumption end, and can utilize the parameter of two kinds of electric energy of frequency variator adjustment, realize coupling electrical power stabilization property.
The above; It only is preferred embodiment of the present invention; Be not that the present invention is done any pro forma restriction; Every foundation technical spirit of the present invention is to any simple modification, equivalent variations and modification that above embodiment did, for example with other hot machine replacements such as fuel gas in use for internal-combustion engine turbine, adsorption tower with other decarburization dehydration plant replacements such as cyclonic separation etc., all still belong in the scope of technological scheme of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. the method for a high-pressure natural gas total energy approach is characterized in that, comprising:
(1) high-pressure natural gas of pipeline being carried is sent into the decarburization dehydration plant and is carried out the decarburization processed, reduces the carbon content and the water content of high-pressure natural gas;
(2) will pass through the high-pressure natural gas feeding turbo-expander expansion that decarburization is dewatered, make the high-pressure natural gas decrease temperature and pressure;
(3) generator that is connected with the turbo-expander output shaft utilizes high-pressure natural gas behind turbo-expander, to expand, and changes the enthalpy of high-pressure natural gas into technological merit, utilizes the shaft work of turbo-expander output to generate electricity;
The low-temp low-pressure rock gas that (4) will pass through after turbo-expander expands carries out heat exchange through the heat exchanger that is connected with turbo-expander, collects and utilize cold energy;
(5) will pass through rock gas that heat exchanger carries out heat exchange sends in the internal-combustion engine and produces chemical energy with the air mixing burning back that feeds in the internal-combustion engine;
(6) chemical energy that produces drives generator and generates electricity;
(7) high-temperature flue gas with combustion in IC engine feeds exhaust heat boiler generation steam or hot water.
2. the method for high-pressure natural gas total energy approach according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said decarburization dehydration plant is an adsorption tower, and carbon dioxide content is reduced to 1% to 30ppm in this adsorption tower export gas, and dew point temperature is reduced to 0 to-100 ℃;
The condition that said turbo-expander expands is controlled at 1.0MPa to 30MPa for the inlet gas pressure; The export gas pressure control is at 0.1MPa to 1.6MPa, and temperature is controlled at-2 ℃ to-150 ℃; Little, the modes that adopt two of series connection or two above turbo-expander generator set when supply gas pressure is high of user's gas consumption when downstream; Adopt the mode of two of parallel connections or two above turbo-expander generator set when big, the supply gas pressure of user's gas consumption is low when downstream; To gas pressure and the flow adaptive capacity of actual conditions that fluctuates widely, and improve service life of equipment with the raising system;
Said heat exchanger is a cryogenic heat exchanger, and getting into the natural gas temperature that this cryogenic heat exchanger carries out after the heat exchange is more than 0 ℃;
The rock gas that said process cryogenic heat exchanger carries out heat exchange is sent in the internal-combustion engine and is burnt with air mixing, and the control rock gas fully burns;
The high-temperature flue gas of said feeding exhaust heat boiler is more than 150 ℃.
3. the method for high-pressure natural gas total energy approach according to claim 1 and 2; It is characterized in that; Said low-temp low-pressure rock gas after expanding through turbo-expander through and turbo-expander expand after the cryogenic heat exchanger that is connected carries out heat exchange, the cold energy of collection is used for air separation facility, freezer project, produce liquid carbon dioxide and dry ice, artificial ice and snow, lighter hydrocarbons separate and perhaps central air-conditioner of deep cooling pulverizing.
4. the method for high-pressure natural gas total energy approach according to claim 1; It is characterized in that, be provided with frequency variator between said rock gas turbo-expander generator set output terminal and the oil-electric engine group output terminal, with the instability output of adjustment turbo-expander generator set electric energy; The quality of turbine expansion generating and two kinds of electric power outputs of internal combustion generating is complementary; The parameter of two kinds of electric energy of adjustment realizes coupling, satisfies the requirement of electricity consumption end to electrical power stabilization property.
5. the method for high-pressure natural gas total energy approach according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the steam that said exhaust heat boiler produces supplies with process heat or heat is used in life; The hot water supply domestic hot-water that said exhaust heat boiler produces.
6. the device of a high-pressure natural gas total energy approach as claimed in claim 1 comprises oil-electric engine group and heat exchanger that rock gas turbo-expander generator set, internal combustion engine output shaft and generator that high-pressure natural gas transmission & distribution pipeline (1), low pressure natural gas transmission & distribution pipeline (6), pressure governor (25), valve, rock gas turbo-expander, rock gas turbo-expander output shaft and generator constitute are formed; It is characterized in that: also comprise decarburization dewatering device, frequency variator and exhaust heat boiler; This decarburization dewatering device is adsorption tower (2), and the import of this adsorption tower (2) is connected with high-pressure natural gas transmission & distribution pipeline (1) through pipeline, and its outlet is connected with valve with the turbo-expander import through pipeline; The output shaft of this turbo-expander connects generator and constitutes rock gas turbo-expander generator set, and the outlet of turbo-expander is connected with the cold fluid import of heat exchanger through valve; Low pressure natural gas transmission & distribution pipeline (6) after the cold fluid outlet of this heat exchanger is passed through pipeline and expanded is connected; And the hot fluid of heat exchanger inlet is connected with the hot fluid that needs heat exchange; And the outlet of the hot fluid of heat exchanger is connected with cold energy use pipeline (13), transports to and uses cool equipment; Low pressure natural gas transmission & distribution pipeline (6) after the rock gas entrance point of this internal-combustion engine (8) passes through valve (61) and expands is connected; The air intlet end (7) and the atmosphere of internal-combustion engine (8); And the high-temperature flue gas of the burning of internal-combustion engine (8) is fed in the exhaust heat boiler (11) by pipeline; The heat energy (16) that exhaust heat boiler (11) produces is discharged by exhaust port and is transported to the hot equipment of using, and the output shaft of this internal-combustion engine and generator connect and compose the oil-electric engine group; Be provided with frequency variator between this rock gas turbo-expander generator set output terminal and the oil-electric engine group output terminal, the electric energy (15) of two kinds of generator set outputs is transported to consumer (18) after frequency variator converges.
7. the device of high-pressure natural gas total energy approach according to claim 5; It is characterized in that; The pipeline that the import of said adsorption tower (2) is connected with high-pressure natural gas transmission & distribution pipeline (1) is provided with valve (22); Its outlet is provided with valve 23 with the pipeline of turbo-expander import, and the connecting tube between high-pressure natural gas transmission & distribution pipeline (1) and adsorption tower (2) outlet has been provided with the valve (21) of bypass action; The pipeline that said adsorption tower (2) outlet connects is provided with valve and is connected with many turbo-expanders;
Valve (33) inlet is connected in parallel through the import of pipeline and turbo-expander (31) and the outlet of valve (23); Valve (33) outlet is connected in parallel through the inlet of pipeline and turbo-expander (32) and the inlet of valve (34); Valve (34) inlet is through pipeline the be connected in parallel outlet of valve (33) and the inlet of turbo-expander (32); Valve (34) outlet is through the be connected in parallel cold fluid outlet of inlet and heat exchanger (51) of valve (35) of pipeline; Valve (35) inlet is through pipeline the be connected in parallel outlet of valve (34) and the cold fluid outlet of heat exchanger (51), and valve (35) outlet is through pipeline be connected in parallel the cold fluid outlet and the low pressure natural gas pipeline (6) of heat exchanger (52);
The cold fluid inlet of heat exchanger (51) is connected with the outlet of turbo-expander (31), and the cold fluid outlet is connected in parallel through the outlet of pipeline and valve (34) and the inlet of valve (35);
The cold fluid inlet of heat exchanger (52) is connected with the outlet of turbo-expander (32), and the low pressure natural gas transmission & distribution pipeline (6) after cold fluid outlet and the expansion and the outlet of valve (35) are connected in parallel;
The hot fluid inlet of heat exchanger (51) and (52) is connected with the hot fluid that needs heat exchange (12) pipeline respectively, and the hot fluid outlet of heat exchanger (51) and (52) is connected with cold energy use pipeline (13) respectively, transports to and uses cool equipment;
Gas pipeline (6) after the rock gas entrance point of said internal-combustion engine (8) passes through valve 61 and expands is connected; The air intlet end (7) and the atmosphere of internal-combustion engine (8); And the high-temperature flue gas (10) of internal-combustion engine (8) is fed in the exhaust heat boiler (11) by pipeline, and the heat energy (16) that exhaust heat boiler (11) produces is discharged the hot equipment of using of transporting to by exhaust port; The output shaft of this internal-combustion engine and generator (9) connect and compose the oil-electric engine group; The output shaft of said turbo-expander (31) and generator (41) constitute rock gas turbo-expander generator set, are provided with frequency variator (171) between the output terminal of this rock gas turbo-expander generator set and the oil-electric engine group output terminal; The output shaft of said turbo-expander (32) and generator (42) constitute rock gas turbo-expander generator set, are provided with frequency variator (172) between the output terminal of this rock gas turbo-expander generator set and the oil-electric engine group output terminal; The electric energy (15) that makes the output of two kinds of generator set is transported to consumer after frequency variator (171) and (172) are converged;
Low pressure natural gas transmission & distribution pipeline (6) after the said expansion is provided with the control valve (62) of downstream combustion gas user (64);
Be provided with by-pass line between said high-pressure natural gas transmission & distribution pipeline (1) and the low pressure natural gas transmission & distribution pipeline (6), this pipeline is provided with manually-operated gate (24) and (26), and pressure governor (25), and pressure regulator valve (25) is arranged between manually-operated gate (24) and (26).
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Application publication date: 20120321 |