CN102380308A - Sintering flue gas desulfurization and purification method and equipment - Google Patents
Sintering flue gas desulfurization and purification method and equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN102380308A CN102380308A CN2010102727671A CN201010272767A CN102380308A CN 102380308 A CN102380308 A CN 102380308A CN 2010102727671 A CN2010102727671 A CN 2010102727671A CN 201010272767 A CN201010272767 A CN 201010272767A CN 102380308 A CN102380308 A CN 102380308A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sintering flue gas desulfurization and purification method and equipment, which are characterized by adopting a rotation atomizing semidry method to desulfurize, and the technological process is: sintering flue gas-electrostatic precipitator- main suction fan-desulfurizing tower-pulse bag type dust remover-booster fan-chimney -exhaust, the flue gas is distributed according to a proportion and then enters the desulfurizing tower through a flue gas distributer, the proportion of the flue gas which enters the top part is 55%-65%, the proportion of the flue gas which enters the center is 35%-45%, and a circumferential inlet mode is adopted. Lime slurry is atomized into fog drips of 30-80mum through a high speed revolution atomizer, and is fully contacted with the sintering flue gas which is uniformly distributed by the flue gas distributer at the top part and the flue gas distributer at the center, so the efficient desulfuration purpose is realized. The sintering flue gas desulfurization and purification method and the equipment disclosed by the invention have the advantages of high desulfuration efficiency, automatic regulation of the serous fluid flow, low water consumption, simple system, small operation resistance, convenience in operation maintenance, strong adaptability of sintering conditions, low requirement on desulfurizer quality, comprehensive utilization of byproducts and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Ferrous Metallurgy sintering gas purifying field, be specifically related to a kind of desulfurizing and purifying method and apparatus from sinter fume.
Background technology
The fast development of steel and iron industry, thereupon the environmental pollution that causes of a large amount of form waste gas of sulfur dioxide of its generation is also very serious, and sintering circuit is the main emission source of steel and iron industry sulfur dioxide.Recently, country has strengthened the sulfur dioxide management, requires sinter fume is carried out desulfurization, reduces sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions, weakens the influence of sulfur dioxide to ecological environment to the full extent.
At present, the coal-fired plant flue gas desulfur technology reaches its maturity and is perfect both at home and abroad, is that wet desulphurization or dry desulfurization (or semi-dry desulphurization) have all been obtained excellent desulfurizing effect, and this is because power-plant flue gas SO
2Concentration high (power-plant flue gas temperature and exhaust gas volumn are more stable), even more serious to the pollution of environment, so means of flue gas desulfurization of power plant carries out early, accumulated certain experience.
But for the sintering cigarette, because sinter fume self, it is infeasible adopting existing coal-fired plant flue gas desulfur technology, and reason is:
(1) the sintering operating mode is unstable, and the exhaust gas volumn fluctuation is big.
(2) the low fluctuation range of sulfur dioxide emissioning concentration is wide.Along with the difference of raw material sources, the variation of sintering process parameter (like thickness of feed layer, coefficient of excess air, sintering temperature basicity etc.), the sintering gas flue gas sulfuric dioxide concentration of emission is low and fluctuation range is wide.
(3) contain minor metallic element in the flue dust.
(4) contain harmful gas, like H
2S, NO
X, SO
X, HCL, HF 、 bioxin etc.
(5) water capacity is big, the decision of sintering process characteristics, and the water content in the flue gas is about 10%.
(6) range of temperature is big, with working conditions change.
Because external sinter fume SO
2The discharge standard yardstick is comparatively loose, and Germany is 500mg/m
3, Denmark is 200mg/m
3, therefore external sinter fume is carried out the less of desulfurization.Japan has successively adopted the sintering flue gas desulfurization technology in the large scale sintering factory that builds the seventies in 20th century, and desulfurization method is the wet absorption method.Japan NKK (at present be JFE) Jing Bin make iron employing ammonia-sulphur ammonia process carry out the desulfurization of sinter fume, since 1989 put into operation, though stable, there was the escaping of ammonia in this method, contaminated air; Contain heavy metal in the byproduct sulfate of ammoniac, can not directly apply to agricultural, in addition to the corrosion resistance of equipment shortcoming such as have relatively high expectations.
3 sintering machines of Japan Nagoya steel plant of Nippon Steel have been used sintering flue gas desulfurization, the denitrification apparatus that utilizes the charcoal absorption principle.This method is in porch, active carbon mobile layer absorption tower, in flue gas, adds the required ammonia of denitration, and flue gas forms materials such as sulfuric acid, hydrogen sulfate ammonia and removed by charcoal absorption in the absorption tower.The active carbon that has adsorbed sulfuric acid and ammonium salt is admitted to desorption tower, can separate sucking-off high concentration SO about 400 ℃ through being heated to
2Separate the high concentration SO of sucking-off
2Be sent to the by-product plant utilization, the production high concentration sulphur (purity reaches more than 99.9%) or the concentrated sulfuric acid (purity is more than 98%), the active carbon after the regeneration are then sent the absorption tower back to and are recycled behind cooling sieve decontamination.Operation through for many years finds that this device can be realized higher desulfurization degree (95%) and denitration rate (40%) simultaneously, and has dust removing effects preferably.It is big that but shortcoming is an one-time investment, and operating cost is high.
Flue gas desulfurization has three kinds of dry method, semidry method, wet method, though the wet desulphurization desulfuration efficiency is high, it is big to exist equipment investment, and floor space is big, water resource waste, and shortcoming such as secondary pollution is serious, therefore the application of this method receives certain restriction.Therefore now in the world wide there be from wet method to the semidry method Development Trend flue gas of sintering machine, 1998 the rotating spraying doctor treatment (belonging to semidry method) first Germany Du according to the 70m of Regensburg steel mill
2The application of succeeding of small-sized sintering machine; But for the large-type sinterer flue gas, large-scale type sintering machine is because exhaust gas volumn is bigger, and the composition of flue gas, sintering working conditions change are complicated more; Higher to the flue gas desulfurization technique specification requirement, simple amplification and adjustment just can realize.
Recently country has strengthened the sulfur dioxide management, requires sinter fume SO after the desulfurization
2At 100mg/m
3Below, than external strictness, Germany is 500mg/m
3, Denmark is 200mg/m
3Therefore domestic many steel mills have taked the desulfurization measure to sinter fume is corresponding; The ENS semi-dry desulphurization method that Baogang adopts: MgOH new powder add pipeline, flue gas is brought reaction tower into, with the atomized water reaction, is moistening, reaction, dry, electric precipitation, discharges such process.Because the iron ore of Baogang is fluorine-containing ore deposit, the purpose that adopts the ENS method is to be main with defluorinate, and desulfurization is auxilliary, and Baogang's sintering desulfuration fluorine removal device investment is too high, by-product is hard to manage, under improved situation, still is being not suitable for other enterprise development.
The Shijiazhuang steel adopts the dense-phase tower desulfurizing method, and this is owned by France in semidry method, utilizes the dry powder calcium-based desulfurizing agent to get into humidification digestion with sack dust; Buck 3～5% is got into and the smoke reaction that is got into by top by cat head; Moisture ash circulation has good reactivity, flowability, is provided with stirring, strengthens mass transfer; Desulfuration efficiency reaches 90%, sorbent utilization 98%.
Sanming City steel mill adopts the recirculating fluidized bed method, and this is owned by France in semidry method, behind the quicklime slaking → tower in → under fluidized state and SO
2Reaction → deduster → ash returns the fluidisation circulation.Ciculation fluidized bed ensemble forms long-pending than large contact surface, has improved desulfuration efficiency.
Liuzhou steel mill adopts ammonia-ammonium sulfate method, turns harm into good, and sulfurous acid ammonia solution (concentration is 3%) absorbs SO
2NH in → bisulfite ammonia → absorption coke-stove gas
3→ sulfurous acid ammonia is sent back to sintering plant again with the utilization that moves in circles.For guaranteeing the stable concentration of absorption liquid, regularly efflux and partially absorb liquid, and the sulfurous acid ammoxidation that will discharge in the liquid with air becomes sulfate of ammoniac to recycle.
It is very ripe that Baosteel sintering machine desulfuration device adopts lime-gypsum method, technology itself, and desulfuration efficiency is high, and key is to see how better utilization of its accessory substance, and this method water consumption is big, belongs to wet desulphurization.Concentrate after flue gas → cooling tower humidification → absorption tower and slurry reaction → drum air oxidation, dewater, obtain 90% above gypsum.
Ma Gang selects VAI MEROS sulfur removal technology for use, climb steel selects for use ciculation fluidized bed process, ripples steel to select LEC semidry process etc. for use.We can say that domestic sintering desulfuration is in the stage that a hundred flowers blossom, let a hundred schools contend, but still do not have the sintering desulfuration technology of a kind of mature and reliable, stable and suitable China's national situation.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of to desulfurizing and purifying method from sinter fume, to solve the problem of sintering flue gas desulfurization.
Technological process of the present invention is: sinter fume-electrostatic precipitator-main exhauster-desulfurizing tower-pulse bag type dust collector-booster fan-chimney-efflux.
The technological process that desulfurizing tower and pulse bag type dust collector are separated the dust processing is dust-scraping plate conveying device-bulk cargo unloader-tank car-dust utilization.
The present invention installs desulfurizing tower, pulse bag type dust collector, booster fan successively behind the sintering machine main exhauster; Establish rotary atomizer and flue gas distributor in the desulfurizing tower, the slurries of pulping system output finally are connected with atomizer through the slurries top jar on desulfurizing tower top.
For the air-flow that guarantee to get into desulfurizing tower is evenly distributed, rationally; Desulfurizing and purifying method of the present invention central authorities in desulfurizing tower top and tower are provided with top flue gas distributor and center flue gas distributor; Sinter fume is shunted in proportion after the flue gas distributor gets into desulfurizing tower; The flue gas ratio that gets into top flue gas distributor is 55%～65%, and the flue gas ratio that gets into center flue gas distributor is 35%～45%.Adopt the circumference intake method, no matter how air inflow changes to make it, all can reach the section air-flow and evenly distribute, and the drop of flue gas and atomizing is fully mixed, and helps quality and heat transmission between flue gas and drop, makes drying and reaction condition reach best.
For guaranteeing that flue gas after the desulfurization is smooth and easy, discharge desulfurizing tower reposefully, desulfurizing tower outlet conduit top face upward 15 ° of angles, downward-sloping 15 ° of angles, bottom.
Corollary apparatus of the present invention comprises pulping system, imports and exports flue, supply and drain water system and by-pass valve control, high and low voltage electric distribution system, DCS automatic control system etc.
The present invention is provided with the rotary spraying and drying desulfurizing tower and carries out flue gas desulfurization, SO after the desulfurization for reaching the sintering flue gas desulfurization purpose behind the sintering main exhauster
2Concentration≤100mg/m
3
Rotary atomizer of the present invention is through at a high speed rotation (9000～10000r/min) centrifugal force that produced; Desulfurizer slurry is atomized into 30～80 microns little droplet; So that fully contact with the sinter fume air-flow; Reach high efficiency desulfurization purpose, its desulfurizing agent is digested to Ca (OH) for before spraying into desulfurizing tower, quick lime being added the water heat release
2Slurries, slurry solid content is 20%～25% (solid content: take by weighing a certain amount of slurries, heat drying certain hour under a certain specified temp is cooled to weighing after the room temperature, the percentage of dry back solid masses and virgin pulp liquid quality).
For reducing the dust content of flue gas after desulfurization; Desulfurizing and purifying method of the present invention is provided with the high-efficiency pulse sack cleaner behind desulfurizing tower, according to flue gas and dust characteristic, select PTFE base cloth acrylic overlay film type filter bag material for use; Thereby the assurance purification efficiency is handled back dust emission concentration≤30mg/m
3
For overcoming the resistance that desulphurization system increases, desulfurizing and purifying method of the present invention is provided with an axial flow booster fan behind pulse bag type dust collector, and guaranteeing provides enough power for the normal operation of desulphurization system.
Slurries amount of the present invention can be regulated automatically.Work as SO
2When concentration and flue-gas temperature change, regulate slurries and give slurry amount (on slurry pipe line, being provided with flow detection and flow control valve), rapidly the variation of follow load.(centrifugal force of 9000～10000r/min) generations reaches the purpose of atomization slurry, so slurry spraying effect and irrelevant to the slurry amount, and the slurries quantitative changeization does not change slurry spraying and desulfurized effect owing to atomizer is based on rotation at a high speed.
For preventing that atomizer from stopping up, slurries of the present invention system is provided with the slurries screening plant, guarantees that the slurries that get into atomizer are controlled at the receptible scope of atomizer, the atomizer clogging can not take place; For preventing that pulse bag type dust collector from sticking with paste bag and the ash-transmission system card is stifled, before desulfurizing agent sprays into desulfurizing tower, quick lime is added the water heat release and be digested to Ca (OH)
2Slurries are not directly to use the CaO powder, indigested CaO suction in deduster, heat release can not occur and cause sticking with paste bag and the stifled phenomenon of ash-transmission system card.
For preventing the desulphurization system corrosion, the deduster exit gas temperature is controlled at the safe temperature of flue gas dew point temperature more than 15 ℃.Therefore, desulphurization system adopts carbon steel as structural material, and a whole set of desulphurization system does not need preservative treatment, need not reheat system yet.
Former flue behind the main exhauster is as the bypass flue of desulphurization system; At desulphurization system gas approach and bypass flue inlet flapper valve and bypass flapper valve are installed respectively; Inlet flapper valve and bypass flapper valve can switch each other, and the construction of desulphurization system, operation, maintenance and malfunction all do not influence the ordinary production operation of sintering circuit.
The present invention has the following advantages:
1) system is simple, running resistance is low, convenient operating maintenance.
2) desulfuration efficiency is high.Adopt the rotating spraying semi-dry desulphurization, slurry spraying becomes superfine droplet, has greatly improved flue gas and droplet contacted specific surface area, makes this method Ca/S reach 1.1～1.3 than minimum, and desulfuration efficiency is up to 97%.Both had the wet high-effective advantage, and had dry desulfurization again simultaneously and cannot be stale-proof stifledly the advantage that whole system is moved under dry state.
3) the slurries amount is regulated at any time and flexibly automatically.According to SO
2Concentration and flue-gas temperature situation of change are regulated slurries and are given the slurry amount, and system is the variation of follow load rapidly.Owing to be the purpose that reaches atomization slurry through action of centrifugal force, so the slurries quantitative changeization does not change slurry spraying and desulfurized effect.
4) acids such as sulfur trioxide, HCL, HF there is the removal efficiency near 100%.
5) pulverized limestone that adopts limekiln finished product dust pelletizing system collection satisfies the requirement of recycling economy as desulfurizing agent.
6) available low-quality water is as sulfur removal technology water, and desulfurization does not produce waste water.
7) be provided with bypass, do not influence the ordinary production of sintering.
8) regulate atomizing desulfurizer slurry amount in the tower through control valve, adapt to the variation of sintering operating mode, and can not increase the load of follow-up deduster.
9) accessory substance can fully utilize, and can be used for building materials and produces additive, multiple use such as non-burning brick, realizes that discarded object utilizes again, satisfies the requirement of " recycling economy ".
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is the sketch map of the sintering gas purifying technological process before the desulfurization;
Accompanying drawing 2 is the sketch map of technological process of the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 3 is the enlarged drawing of desulfurizing tower outlet conduit in the accompanying drawing 2.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is done further detailed description:
As shown in Figure 1, original production process is:, after electric cleaner 2 purifies, dragged to draw through flue by sintering main exhauster 3 and enter sintering master chimney 16 through outlet damper valve 5 from the head flue gas of sintering machine 1.
As shown in Figure 2, technological process of the present invention is: sinter fume-electrostatic precipitator-main exhauster-desulfurizing tower-pulse bag type dust collector-booster fan-chimney-efflux.Be specially: from the head flue gas of sintering machine 1 after electric cleaner 2 purifies; Draw by main exhauster 3 exhaust pass, after gas bypass flapper valve 5 and inlet baffle valve 4 switch, send into rotating spraying desulfurizing tower 6; Sinter fume divide by a certain percentage flow into top flue gas distributor 7 (60%) and center flue gas distributor 8 (40%) and carry out airflow uniform distribution after; Contact with the desulfurizing agent that is atomized device 9 atomizings, physics, chemical reaction take place, the SO2 in the gas is absorbed purification.
The desulfurizing agent of participating in reaction is by the qualified lime slurry 10 of lime slurry system preparation (quick lime adds water and is configured to the slurries that solid content is 20%～25% lime (Ca (OH) 2)) (solid content: take by weighing a certain amount of slurries; Heat drying certain hour under a certain specified temp; Be cooled to weighing after the room temperature; The percentage of dry back solid masses and virgin pulp liquid quality); According to former SO2 concentration of flue gas and flue-gas temperature, lime slurry 10 and desulfurizing tower cooling water 11 are quantitatively sent into the slurries top jar 12 that places the desulfurizing tower top, and slurries flow automatically into desulfurizing tower top atomizer 9 in the jar 12 of top; Slurries are atomized into the droplet of 30-80 μ m through atomizer, contacts the effect of accomplishing absorption SO2 rapidly with flue gases in the desulfurizing tower 6.Because lime slurry is superfine little droplet, has increased desulfurizing agent and SO2 contacted specific surface area, the SO2 removal efficiency can be up to 97%, and desulfurization and dry powdered granule are discharged at the bottom of partly sinking to tower, are regularly transported outward by tank car.
As shown in Figure 3, for guaranteeing that flue gas after the desulfurization is smooth and easy, discharge desulfurizing tower reposefully, desulfurizing tower outlet conduit top face upward 15 ° of angles, downward-sloping 15 ° of angles, bottom, tower exterior portions horizontal direction is given vent to anger; Get into pulse bag type dust collector 13 with flue gas and further purify and gas solid separation from come out all the other particles the flue gas of desulfurizing tower, clean flue gas is taken out tying-in desulphurization system outlet damper valve 15 by booster fan 14 and is entered atmosphere by chimney 16.The dust that pulse bag type dust collector 13 is collected is regularly transported outward by tank car.
Desulfurization and dry powdered granule are discharged at the bottom of partly sinking to tower, are regularly transported outward by tank car.All the other particles get into pulse bag type dust collector 13 with flue gas and further purify and gas solid separation, and clean flue gas is taken out tying-in desulphurization system outlet damper valve 15 by booster fan 14 and entered atmosphere by chimney 16.The dust that pulse bag type dust collector 13 is collected is regularly transported outward by tank car.
The main distinction of the present invention and former process:
Former sintering gas purifying technology does not have the desulfurization measure, just the sintering flue dust is purified the SO in its flue gas through electric cleaner
2Deng the acidic materials severe overweight.
After increasing sulfur removal technology, not only make the SO in the sinter fume
2Obtained purification, and dust emission concentration is reduced greatly.
Claims (7)
1. one kind to the purification method from sintering flue gas desulfurization; It is characterized in that; Adopt rotating spraying semidry method process for purifying, its technological process is: sinter fume-electrostatic precipitator-main exhauster-desulfurizing tower-pulse bag type dust collector-booster fan-chimney-efflux, and the dust that desulfurizing tower and pulse bag type dust collector are separated is transported utilization after collection and treatment; Sinter fume is shunted in proportion after the flue gas distributor gets into desulfurizing tower; The flue gas ratio that gets into top flue gas distributor is 55%～65%, and the flue gas ratio that gets into center flue gas distributor is 35%～45%, adopts the circumference intake method.
2. according to claim 1 a kind of to purification method from sintering flue gas desulfurization; It is characterized in that; Its concrete technical process does; Rotary atomizer is with the speed rotation of 9000～10000r/min in the desulfurizing tower, and the droplet that desulfurizer slurry is atomized into the 30-80 micron is ejected on the flue gas, contacts with flue gas in the desulfurizing tower to accomplish rapidly to absorb SO
2, the flue gas behind the desulfurizing tower purifies through the pulse sack cleaner again, the dust emission concentration≤30mg/m after the purification
3, the pocket type pulsed dust collector exit gas temperature is greater than the flue gas dew point temperature.
3. according to claim 1ly a kind ofly purification method from sintering flue gas desulfurization is characterized in that described desulfurizing agent is digested to Ca (OH) for before spraying into desulfurizing tower, quick lime being added the water heat release
2Slurries, its slurry solid content is 20%～25%.
One kind to be applied to claim 1～3 said to the equipment from the purification method of sintering flue gas desulfurization; It is characterized in that; At the sintering main exhauster of sintering machine electric precipitation back after flue is installed desulfurizing tower; Desulfurizing tower is provided with pulse bag type dust collector at the back, and pulse bag type dust collector connects booster fan at the back; Establish rotary atomizer and flue gas distributor in the desulfurizing tower, the slurries of pulping system output finally are connected with atomizer through the slurries top jar on desulfurizing tower top.
5. according to claim 4 a kind of equipment from the purification method of sintering flue gas desulfurization is characterized in that, desulfurizing tower outlet conduit top face upward 15 ° of angles, downward-sloping 15 ° of angles, bottom.
6. according to claim 4ly a kind of equipment from the purification method of sintering flue gas desulfurization is characterized in that pulping system is provided with the slurries screening plant, guarantee that the slurries that get into atomizer or not the clogging can not take place.
7. according to claim 4 a kind of to equipment from the purification method of sintering flue gas desulfurization; It is characterized in that; Flue behind the main exhauster is divided into bypass flue and desulphurization system gas approach, at desulphurization system gas approach and bypass flue inlet flapper valve and bypass flapper valve is installed respectively.
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