CN1023785C - 氢化铝镁四氢呋喃合物的合成方法 - Google Patents

氢化铝镁四氢呋喃合物的合成方法 Download PDF

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CN1023785C
CN1023785C CN 89108189 CN89108189A CN1023785C CN 1023785 C CN1023785 C CN 1023785C CN 89108189 CN89108189 CN 89108189 CN 89108189 A CN89108189 A CN 89108189A CN 1023785 C CN1023785 C CN 1023785C
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magnesium
tetrahydrofuran
alh
mgh
4thf
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申泮文
车云霞
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Nankai University
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Abstract

本法用与经典方法完全不同的路线首先采用有机金属催化剂在常温和中压条件下令金属镁与氢反应合成活性氢化镁。洗除催化剂后令氢化镁在四氢呋喃中与氢化铝反应,得到氢化铝镁Mg(AlH4)2·4THF。

Description

本发明属于无机合成化学领域。
氢化铝镁是在1950年由德国Wiberg等人首先报道的(1),他们的合成方法是通过溴化镁和氢化铝锂在乙醚中的反应来实现的。后来人们由二烷基铝热分解得到氢化镁,然后令氢化镁与三氯化铝乙醚溶液反应以制备氢化铝镁。但在1959年以后的工作证明以上的产物都不是真的Mg(AlH42(2),而是它的卤代衍生物BrMgAlH4或ClMgAlH4,直到1962年关于氢化铝镁的确切合成方法和该化合物的性质的文献报道都是很不明朗的。到了1965年文献中才明确报道(3)在四氢呋喃(THF)溶液中通过氢化铝钠与无水氯化镁的反应制得氢化铝镁四个四氢呋喃合物。再后来报道的合成方法都涉及到使用氯化铝锂或氢化铝钠,或是烦复的单质直接高温高压合成。这些方法不能方便地提供氢化铝镁,因此即使是试剂级的氢化铝镁也未见商品供应。
本专利的目的是在不苛刻的条件下提供合成氢化铝镁的确切方法,解除氢化铝镁文献历史中的困境,为复合铝氢化物系列化合物提供这个试剂。
本合成分为两个步骤,第一步采用金属镁在金属有机化合物催化剂的作用下在四氢呋喃介质中直接氢化,反应如下:
温度25-60℃
催化剂=蒽+TiCl4所得氢化镁是悬浮在四氢呋喃中的微细颗粒,有很高的化学活性。令产物沉降,在惰气氛下倾去清液,用适量四氢呋喃洗涤产品数次除去催化剂,然后进行第二步反应。氢化镁与氢化铝四氢呋喃溶液反应后,蒸除溶剂,可以得到氢化铝镁四个四氢呋喃合物的结晶状产物:
若令MgH2与三氯化铝在四氢呋喃中反应,则得到氯氢化铝镁四氢呋喃合物而不是氢化铝镁:
本合成结果为文献中的历史疑问提供了明确的解答,并为合成Mg(AlH42·4THF提供了确切可行的方法。
合成实验示例
[实例1]取0.1摩尔的纯镁粉,在氮气氛下放入干燥的二颈圆烧瓶中,向其中加入5×10-3摩尔蒽和12毫升四氢呋喃(THF),用少许溴乙烷作引发剂,以氢气氛下以30-35℃加热并搅拌,生成桔黄色的蒽镁。在惰气氛下迅速将上述反应物转移到一只小型高压氢化釜中,加入2×10-3摩尔经蒸馏提纯的四氯化钛,装好氢化釜并充入氢气。在温度为60℃和氢压为10-60大气压条件进行氢化。由氢化釜压力表的压力降判断吸氢量。当压力表读数不变时镁的氢化即完成。释放氢压后取出产物,用适量四氢呋喃洗涤产物数次洗除催化剂,然后将 溶剂抽除得到活性氢化镁。样品以活性氢含量分析,依镁计,转化率基本上是定量的。
氢化镁与三氢化铝四氢呋喃溶液的反应预先制备三氢化铝四氢呋喃溶液,将此溶液按计量比迅速转移到氢化镁在四氢呋喃的悬浮液中,在室温下搅拌2小时,即得到氢化铝镁四氢呋喃溶液。在氮气氛下蒸除溶剂,蒸馏温度不超过70℃,同时不断向体系中补入甲苯,产品即不断结晶出来。待四氢呋喃基本蒸完留下氢化铝镁四氢呋喃合物Mg(AlH42·4THF在甲苯中的县浮液。待冷却和产品沉降后,抽除溶剂,并用适量甲苯洗涤产品数次,最后减压抽除残留苯。所得氢化铝镁四氢呋喃合物纯度近于99%,产率依MgH2计约为90%。
所得产品Mg(AlH42·4THF的X-射线衍射谱图绘示在图1中,与ASTM卡片标准谱图一致。
如果向氢化镁四氢呋喃悬浮液中逐次滴加计量比的三氯化铝四氢呋喃溶液,反应温度控制不超过30℃并进行搅拌,滴加完之后继续搅拌10小时,静置一昼夜,泸出清液,用适量四氢呋喃洗涤残渣数次,合并泸液与洗液,并在氮气氛下照前法蒸馏出溶剂,得到晶体化合物ClMgAlH4·4THF,纯度高于70%,产率依AlCl3计为68%。产物中杂有MgCl2较难结晶提纯。
参考文献
1.Wiberg    E.,and    Bauer    R.,Z.Naturforsch    56,394(1950).
2.Wiberg    E.,et    al.,The    reactions    of    hydrides    and    double    hydrides,Institute    for    Inorganic    Chemistry,Munich,1959.
3.I.P.Lesek    and    S.Hermanet,Cechoslav.Aksd.Ved.Progue    Collection    Geck,Chem.Commun.,Synthesis    and    Properties    of    Magnesium    Alumini    Hydride,31(8),3060-7(1966).

Claims (2)

1、一种氢化铝镁四氢呋喃合物[Mg(AlH4)2·4THF]的制备方法,它包括:
--金属镁与氢气反应制备氢化镁(MgH2),
--MgH2与铝的化合物反应制取氢化铝镁四氢呋喃合物[Mg(AlH4)2·4THF],
其特征在于:
(a)制备MgH2时是把镁在氮气氛下投入反应器,然后加入蒽和四氢呋喃,用少许溴乙烷作引发剂,在氢气氛下于30-35℃下加热搅拌制得蒽镁,把蒽镁,TiCl4在惰气氛下加入到高压氢化釜内,在温度为60℃,氢压为10-60大氢压下氢化以制得MgH2
(b)制备Mg(AlH4)2·4THF时,所用铝的化合物为氢化铝(AlH3)的四氢呋喃溶液。
2、按权利要求1所说的制备Mg(AlH42·4THF的方法,其特征是:
(a)制备MgH2时,Mg,蒽,TiCl4的摩尔比为1∶0.05∶0.02,四氢呋喃的用量按每摩尔镁120毫升计算。
(b)制备Mg(AlH42·4THF时,是把AlH3的四氢呋喃溶液加入到MgH2在四氢呋喃的悬浮液中,并在室温下搅拌2小时而制得。
CN 89108189 1989-10-25 1989-10-25 氢化铝镁四氢呋喃合物的合成方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1023785C (zh)

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