CN102375154A - Wide azimuth three-dimensional earthquake-based fracture parameter determining method - Google Patents
Wide azimuth three-dimensional earthquake-based fracture parameter determining method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wide azimuth three-dimensional earthquake-based fracture parameter determining method in geophysical prospecting. The method comprises the following steps of: performing horizon picking by using post-stack seismic data to obtain T0 data at each time point position of the horizon; calculating a related coefficient of a time point and each channel of an azimuth common mid-point (CMP) channel set on the azimuth CMP channel set corresponding to the time point by taking the time point as a center in a 360-degree range to obtain a group of azimuths and data of the related coefficient corresponding to the azimuths, wherein the direction of the azimuth with the maximum time different is the fracture development direction, the magnitude of the time difference is the fracture development density; and calculating point by point in a grid to obtain fracture development plane distribution along the horizon of a target horizon. By the method, a fractured reservoir can be quantitatively and semiquantitatively described easily and effectively, a fracture development plane graph of the target horizon is obtained, and the accuracy of predicting the fractured reservoir is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to slit formation hydrocarbon-bearing pool reservoir prediction technique in the oil reservoir geophysical survey, the fracture parameters that specifically is based on the wide-azimuth 3-D seismics is confirmed method.
Technical background
The wide-azimuth seismic exploration technique is the research method that adopts the bigger seismological observation mode of aspect ratio to carry out high-precision three-dimensional earthquake-capturing, processing and explanation in the oil reservoir geophysical survey.The narrower orientation of wide-azimuth 3-d seismic exploration 3-d seismic exploration has remarkable advantages, especially has broad application prospects at the slit formation petroleum exploration domain.Along with improving constantly of collection, treatment technology, the wide-azimuth 3-d seismic exploration has become the first-selected collection recording geometry of slit formation hydrocarbon-bearing pool seismic prospecting.
Ask for based on the fracture parameters of wide-azimuth 3-D seismics that direction (HTI) anisotropic properties that technology is primarily aimed at fracture-type reservoir carries out.For vertical fractures property reservoir is the HTI anisotropic medium; Seismic event can cause the different bendings of a ray when different directions is propagated; Change thereby cause with azimuthal NMO correction time difference; According to this specific character, position and fracture parameters are grown in the space that utilizes the branch bearing data of wide-azimuth 3-D seismics just can instead release the crack.
The initial research of seismic anisotropy is proposed in 19 end of the centurys by scientist in Poland M.P.Rudzki.Anisotropy velocity analysis and imaging technique began to develop in the late 1980s and the beginning of the nineties during geological data was handled; People begin to note the inverting of anisotropic elasticity constant; The research of anisotropic medium equation of time distance curve of reflection wave; And the research of the problems such as estimation of fracture parameters, Tsvankin I (2005) has summed up whole anisotropic medium theoretical development and correlation theory more all sidedly in its works.
Anisotropic medium can be reduced to VTI anisotropic medium, HTI anisotropic medium and TTI anisotropic medium.If there is a two dimensional surface in the elastic medium; Planar the elastic property along all directions is identical; And axially all being parallel to each other of vertical plane each point, claim that then such plane is the isotropy plane, the axle on vertical isotropy plane is referred to as axis of symmetry; Elastic medium with isotropy face is called Method in Transverse Isotropic Medium, is called for short TI (Transvers Isotropy) medium.When the axis of symmetry of TI medium overlaps with the Z axle, claim VTI medium (Vertical Transverse Isotropy).When the axis of symmetry of TI medium overlaps with x axle or y axle; Claim HTI medium (HorizontalTransverseIsotropy); But HTI dielectric model approximate representation is also claimed dilatation anisotropic medium or EDA (Extensive DilatancyAnisotropy) medium (shown in Fig. 1 (a)) owing to tectonic stress produces the anisotropy that spatial disposition vertically oriented fracture colony causes.For vertical fractures property reservoir is the HTI anisotropic medium; Seismic event can cause that when different directions is propagated the seimic wave velocity of propagating along different orientations is different; Thereby produce the different bendings of a ray; Cause the NMO correction time difference with azimuthal variation, thereby to the seismic imaging phenomenon (shown in Fig. 1 (b)) that exerts an influence.Finally can cause the problem of surface seismic imaging data with azimuthal variation and imaging variation.
Utilize wide-azimuth 3-D seismics data confirm fracture parameters follow data by MoM and MEI have observation grid evenly, advantage such as observation density is big, space orientation is accurate.Utilize wide-azimuth 3-D seismics data to solve that above-mentioned HTI anisotropic medium can cause that different bending of a ray phenomenons takes place seismic event when different directions is propagated and with the NMO correction time difference problem of azimuthal variation; And come the analysis and judgement crack mainly to grow direction and fracture development density according to the HTI anisotropic parameters; For the seismic imaging and the crack Study on Interpretation of complex lithology reservoir provides effective means, be to need the problem that solves.
Summary of the invention
It is a kind of to complex lithology reservoir that the object of the invention is to provide, and the fracture parameters based on the wide-azimuth 3-D seismics is easily and effectively confirmed method.
The present invention realizes through following concrete steps:
1) gathers wide-azimuth seismological observation data, extract CMP by certain grid and form CMP road collection data, the NMO correction time difference variation that in the HTI medium, when different directions is propagated, causes of seismic wave contrastively with azimuthal variation;
The described CMP road collection with azimuthal variation of step 1) is to be the CMP gather of the scope arrangement at 360 ° at center with the observation station.
2) target reservoir is used post-stack seismic data and carry out horizon picking, obtain the T0 data of each time point position of objective interval earthquake reflected wave;
Step 2) described T0 data be near the face of land to the time data of the round trip seismic event vertical transmission of underground a certain bed boundary.
3) in above-mentioned steps 2) position of each time point of zone of interest of obtaining; On CMP road, the pairing position angle of time point collection; With the time point is the center; In 360 ° scope, utilize related algorithm this point of calculating and CMP road, position angle to concentrate the related coefficient in each road, obtain the data of a prescription parallactic angle and pairing related coefficient thereof;
The described related algorithm of step 3) is at first to confirm peaked scope of the anisotropy time difference, calculates correlation by the sampling point sliding window, obtains a prescription parallactic angle and pairing anisotropy time difference data thereof;
4) in an above-mentioned prescription parallactic angle and the data of the anisotropy time difference that obtains, the time difference direction of maximum bearing data is the direction that grow most in the crack, the time extent be the relative growth density in crack;
The growth density in the said crack of step 4) is that the unit formation fracture is grown the bar number, and the fracture density of utilizing drilling data to obtain is demarcated or scale earthquake result calculated, obtains fracture density absolute measure value.
5) in grid; The maximum anisotropy time difference of each time point of zone of interest is calculated in pointwise and the maximum in crack is grown direction; What obtain objective interval grows plane distribution along the slabbing seam, and the vector line segment direction in crack is the fracture development direction, and the length of line segment is fracture density.
The present invention can carry out quantitative and semiquantitative description to the slit formation reservoir easily and effectively; Fracture density and directional data are plotted image through the line of vector segmented mode; Planimetric map is grown in the crack that obtains objective interval relatively; The growth direction and the relative density in position, crack grown in the space that manifests the slit formation reservoir, improves the precision of slit formation reservoir prediction.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 (a) is the anisotropic medium synoptic diagram, (b) is that anisotropy causes the crooked and velocity variations synoptic diagram of seismic ray;
Fig. 2 is actual three-dimensional perpendicular well-shooting (3D VSP) observed pattern synoptic diagram;
Fig. 3 is omnidirectional three-dimensional earthquake-capturing common depth point gather (CDP) coverage plot;
Fig. 4 is a post-stack seismic data section layer position explanation results;
Fig. 5 is that two-way travel time (T0) figure is explained in volcanics top coat position;
Fig. 6 is the time difference polar plot that transverse isotropy (HTI) medium of horizontal symmetry axis causes;
Fig. 7 is that difference vector is asked for the direction synoptic diagram of growing most in the crack when utilizing;
Fig. 8 is a volcanics end face fracture distribution planimetric map;
Fig. 9 is volcanics end face coherence data and the superimposed figure of fracture distribution;
Figure 10 is volcanics end face fracture density inverting data and the superimposed figure of fracture distribution.
Embodiment
Specify the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Fracture parameters based on the wide-azimuth 3-D seismics is confirmed method, specifically comprises following steps:
1) gathers wide-azimuth seismological observation data, extract CMP by certain grid and form CMP road collection data, the NMO correction time difference variation that in the HTI medium, when different directions is propagated, causes of seismic wave contrastively with azimuthal variation.
The actual ground stereo observing system adopts 30 to receive the line reception; Each 1 line that rolls, vertical and horizontal degree of covering is 32 times and 15 times, aspect ratio is 0.623; Be the wide-azimuth collection; The bin size is 25m * 25m, and the reception channel number is 5760 roads (30 lines * 192 roads), and total degree of covering reaches (as shown in Figure 2) 480 times.
Utilize wide-azimuth surface seismic observation advantage, research is extracted the other CMP of well and has been formed common depth point gather (CMP) data (as shown in Figure 3) with azimuthal variation.Can find out from common depth point gather (CMP) road collection data with azimuthal variation; Have less direction anisotropic influence with the surface seismic data of upper part with the position angle at 2400 milliseconds of pyrogenic rock, as among Fig. 3 2460 milliseconds locate the phase place time difference that white dashed line representes and change with the position angle reflection wave.Get into pyrogenic rock inner (greater than 2500 milliseconds) with seismic event; The phase place time difference with the position angle reflection wave of the black dotted lines at 2600 milliseconds and 2680 milliseconds positions changes and can find out from Fig. 3; On pyrogenic rock inside story different depth, compare with the pyrogenic rock overlying strata, earthquake reflected wave obviously increases with different with azimuthal variation.
2) target reservoir is used post-stack seismic data and carry out horizon picking, obtain the T0 data of each time point position of objective interval earthquake reflected wave;
The main gas-bearing horizon of study area is positioned at the position near the volcanics top; Use post-stack seismic data main gas-bearing formation is carried out horizon picking work; What obtain each gas-bearing formation section waits the T0 data, and Fig. 4 is the result of section explanation, is the volcano end face from top several second black lines among the figure.Obtain the T0 data through accurate 3-D seismics structure elucidation and can portray subsurface formations space rolling shape exactly, Fig. 5 is that T0 figure is explained in volcanics top coat position, visible significantly volcanic structure among the figure.
The position of each time point of zone of interest that 3) obtains in above-mentioned steps 2; Put on CMP road, the pairing position angle collection at this; With this point is the center; In 360 ° scope, utilize related algorithm this point of calculating and CMP road, position angle to concentrate the related coefficient in each road, obtain the data of a prescription parallactic angle and pairing related coefficient thereof;
When the described related coefficient of step 3) is calculated, at first confirm peaked scope of the anisotropy time difference, calculate correlation, obtain a prescription parallactic angle and pairing anisotropy time difference data thereof by the sampling point sliding window.
The anisotropy time difference polar plot of all directions that Fig. 6 causes for the HTI anisotropy; Can obviously see in 360 ° scope among the figure; The time difference changes greatly; Exist the time difference of southwestward greater than the phenomenon of the northeastward time difference, explain that study area exists certain HTI anisotropic medium characteristic, the at this moment basis of Crack Detection.
4) in an above-mentioned prescription parallactic angle and the data of the anisotropy time difference that obtains, the anisotropy time difference direction of maximum bearing data is the direction that grow most in the crack, and extent is the relative growth density in crack during anisotropy.
The direction that grow most in the crack can clearly mark (Fig. 7) from the time difference polar plot that the HTI anisotropy causes; Can find out obviously among the figure that the direction that grow most in the crack is positioned at the about 40 ° position of northeastward; This point also is perfectly clear with the CMP road collection data of azimuthal variation at Fig. 3; 40 ° of time differences become big, and the imaging variation has been reacted the development degree in crack.
5) in grid; The maximum anisotropy time difference of each time point of zone of interest is calculated in pointwise and the maximum in crack is grown direction; What obtain objective interval grows plane distribution along the slabbing seam, and the vector line segment direction in crack is the fracture development direction, and the length of line segment is fracture density.
The study area volcanics end face fracture distribution planimetric map that Fig. 8 obtains for the present invention, this figure is than the plane law of development of having showed volcanics end face crack in more detail.
6) on be set forth in the density and the directional data in HTI medium crack, can with the superimposed demonstration of other seismic properties, be beneficial to the synthetic study of slit formation reservoir.
The present invention has realized the fusion of Crack Detection and seismic data, well data and other geological informations.Fig. 9 is volcanics end face coherence data and the superimposed figure of fracture distribution, and result and coherence data that visible crack detects have consistance preferably, and particularly in the position, crater, the direction in crack and coherence data result and geologic rule are very identical.Figure 10 is volcanics end face fracture density inverting data and the superimposed figure of fracture distribution, and it is the position that the slit formation reservoir is grown most near the crater that Crack Detection and fracture density inversion result have been indicated jointly.
Confirm technical application in volcanics gas reservoir seismic data interpretation based on the fracture parameters of wide-azimuth 3-D seismics, predicted the growth position, space of Volcanic Rock type reservoir, the growth direction and the relative density in crack effectively.In conjunction with the well data, can carry out fine description to the slit formation reservoir effectively, for the pool description and the modeling of slit formation provides a kind of effective tool.The fracture parameters that adopts the present invention to ask for can satisfy the needs of slit formation RESERVOIR INTERPRETATION, and the suggestion well success ratio that result provided according to the present invention and the accuracy rate of petroleum-gas prediction obviously improve.
Claims (5)
1. the fracture parameters based on the wide-azimuth 3-D seismics is confirmed method, realizes through following concrete steps:
1) gathers wide-azimuth seismological observation data, extract CMP by certain grid and form CMP road collection data, the NMO correction time difference variation that in the HTI medium, when different directions is propagated, causes of seismic wave contrastively with azimuthal variation;
2) target reservoir is used post-stack seismic data and carry out horizon picking, obtain the T0 data of each time point position of objective interval earthquake reflected wave;
3) in above-mentioned steps 2) position of each time point of zone of interest of obtaining; On CMP road, the pairing position angle of time point collection; With the time point is the center; In 360 ° scope, utilize related algorithm this point of calculating and CMP road, position angle to concentrate the related coefficient in each road, obtain the data of a prescription parallactic angle and pairing related coefficient thereof;
4) in an above-mentioned prescription parallactic angle and the data of the anisotropy time difference that obtains, the time difference direction of maximum bearing data is the direction that grow most in the crack, the time extent be the relative growth density in crack;
5) in grid; The maximum anisotropy time difference of each time point of zone of interest is calculated in pointwise and the maximum in crack is grown direction; What obtain objective interval grows plane distribution along the slabbing seam, and the vector line segment direction in crack is the fracture development direction, and the length of line segment is fracture density.
2. method according to claim 1, characteristics are that the described CMP road collection with azimuthal variation of step 1) is to be the CMP gather of the scope arrangement at 360 ° at center with the observation station.
3. method according to claim 1, characteristics are steps 2) described T0 data be near the face of land to the time data of the round trip seismic event vertical transmission of underground a certain bed boundary.
4. method according to claim 1, characteristics are that the described related algorithm of step 3) is at first to confirm peaked scope of the anisotropy time difference, calculate correlation by the sampling point sliding window, obtain a prescription parallactic angle and pairing anisotropy time difference data thereof.
5. method according to claim 1, characteristics are that the growth density in the said crack of step 4) is that the unit formation fracture is grown the bar number, and the fracture density of utilizing drilling data to obtain is demarcated or scale earthquake result calculated, obtains fracture density absolute measure value.
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102788994A (en) * | 2012-07-12 | 2012-11-21 | 恒泰艾普石油天然气技术服务股份有限公司 | Reservoir fracture determining method |
| CN103869366A (en) * | 2014-02-27 | 2014-06-18 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method and device for determining fracture strike |
| CN104749619A (en) * | 2013-12-26 | 2015-07-01 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Formation anisotropy predominant direction predication method based on location Young's modulis |
| CN104914465A (en) * | 2015-06-02 | 2015-09-16 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method and device for volcanic rock crack quantitative prediction |
| CN105093309A (en) * | 2014-05-20 | 2015-11-25 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Tectonic stress analysis-based method for crack detection and validity verification |
| CN108663710A (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2018-10-16 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Wide-azimuth seismic data process Integral imaging inversion method and system |
| CN111311559A (en) * | 2020-02-07 | 2020-06-19 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Non-deviation crack characterization method |
| CN112147698A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2020-12-29 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Crack development zone identification and feature determination method and system |
| CN112305599A (en) * | 2019-07-30 | 2021-02-02 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | High-density wide-azimuth seismic data classification method and device |
| CN112946743A (en) * | 2021-03-19 | 2021-06-11 | 成都捷科思石油天然气技术发展有限公司 | Method for distinguishing reservoir types |
| CN114663453A (en) * | 2022-03-11 | 2022-06-24 | 成都理工大学 | Reservoir multi-scale fracture network quantitative description method and device |
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Cited By (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102788994A (en) * | 2012-07-12 | 2012-11-21 | 恒泰艾普石油天然气技术服务股份有限公司 | Reservoir fracture determining method |
| CN102788994B (en) * | 2012-07-12 | 2015-01-21 | 恒泰艾普石油天然气技术服务股份有限公司 | Reservoir fracture determining method |
| CN104749619A (en) * | 2013-12-26 | 2015-07-01 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Formation anisotropy predominant direction predication method based on location Young's modulis |
| CN103869366A (en) * | 2014-02-27 | 2014-06-18 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method and device for determining fracture strike |
| CN103869366B (en) * | 2014-02-27 | 2016-11-16 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | A kind of method and device determining crack fracture strike |
| CN105093309A (en) * | 2014-05-20 | 2015-11-25 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Tectonic stress analysis-based method for crack detection and validity verification |
| CN104914465A (en) * | 2015-06-02 | 2015-09-16 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method and device for volcanic rock crack quantitative prediction |
| CN104914465B (en) * | 2015-06-02 | 2017-06-13 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Volcanic Rock quantitative forecasting technique and device |
| CN108663710A (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2018-10-16 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Wide-azimuth seismic data process Integral imaging inversion method and system |
| CN112147698A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2020-12-29 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Crack development zone identification and feature determination method and system |
| CN112305599A (en) * | 2019-07-30 | 2021-02-02 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | High-density wide-azimuth seismic data classification method and device |
| CN111311559A (en) * | 2020-02-07 | 2020-06-19 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Non-deviation crack characterization method |
| CN111311559B (en) * | 2020-02-07 | 2022-06-14 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Non-deviation crack characterization method |
| CN112946743A (en) * | 2021-03-19 | 2021-06-11 | 成都捷科思石油天然气技术发展有限公司 | Method for distinguishing reservoir types |
| CN112946743B (en) * | 2021-03-19 | 2024-02-27 | 成都捷科思石油天然气技术发展有限公司 | Method for distinguishing reservoir types |
| CN114663453A (en) * | 2022-03-11 | 2022-06-24 | 成都理工大学 | Reservoir multi-scale fracture network quantitative description method and device |
| CN114663453B (en) * | 2022-03-11 | 2023-04-18 | 成都理工大学 | Reservoir multi-scale fracture network quantitative description method and device |
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Application publication date: 20120314 |