CN102364962A - Scalable layered coding based multi-path transmission scheme - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a scalable layered coding based multi-path transmission scheme, which comprises the following steps that: a sink node builds an energy time delay gradient ET and a time delay gradient T for each node; a video sequence is subjected to M-class scalable coding, and a bit rate of each layer after coding is ...., (wherein <K2 <...<), different marks are set for a basic layer and enhancement layers, P represents a channel bandwidth, if, then the base layer is transmitted only; if (1<q<M), then first q bitstream layers are transmitted, if, then M bitstream layers are transmitted; a first data packet in the bitstream layer to be transmitted is selected to be used as a detection data packet to be sent to the sink node; the sink node receives the detection data packet to carry out reverse path enhancement; and the subsequent bitstream layers select paths that the data packets with the same mark value pass to be used as transmission paths to send the data to the sink node. By using the scheme provided by the invention, the change in network bandwidth can be adapted, and the business requirements of different bandwidth users can be met.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is a kind of in wireless multimedia sensor network, the multipath transmission plan that proposes through the code stream that can expand behind the hierarchical coding to video source.Be mainly used in and solve video information transmission problem in bandwidth limited network, belong to transmission technique field in the wireless multimedia sensor network.
Background technology
Wireless multimedia sensor network (Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks; WMSN) node energy is limited in; It is lower that the network bandwidth is compared wire message way; And exist multiple factors such as signal attenuation, noise jamming, make video flowing be faced with the fluctuating on a large scale of packet delay, loss, flow restriction etc. when transmitting.To these problems, need the coded system and the transmission means of research video.What relatively be fit to the real time flow medium transmission in the present coding techniques is multiple description coded and hierarchical coding; And multiple description coded be that video source is generated a plurality of code streams of equal importance, carry out adaptive adjustment so its code stream can not adapt to the characteristic of the network bandwidth and receiving equipment.To the transmission of video, what adopt at present extensively is the mode of multipath route, need combine the code stream that transmits simultaneously, the route that adapts for the code stream selection of different demands.
The variation that hierarchy encoding method can adapt to the network bandwidth can be expanded, user terminal can be satisfied simultaneously with different disposal ability.In practical application, even lose the code stream of enhancement layer, receiving terminal still can keep the video quality that can watch, therefore, can expand the network that layered video coding can well be supported different QoS modes such as differential service.
Bandwidth resources are limited among the WMSN, and transmission quantity is big, real-time requires height and the transmission of video flowing has, and the strategy of multipath transmission proposes in order to satisfy these characteristics just.The transmission of existing multipath has two kinds of patterns: a kind of is active/standby pattern, data at random along paths transmission, perhaps along YITIAOGEN according to the good path transmission of predefined, after main path lost efficacy, backup path just can be born transformation task; Another kind of multipath transmission technology is a replication mode, and the source node copy data also transmits along all paths simultaneously, to improve redundancy.Though this dual mode all has certain effect, the former has limited the potential of backup path and can run out of the energy of main path very soon; The latter has increased the redundant of data and has wasted resource and energy, and the code stream characteristics of all failing effectively to pass through behind the scalable coding with video source combine, and is not the different matched routes of code stream selection.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem:The purpose of this invention is to provide the multipath transmission plan among a kind of WMSN, through expanding the code stream behind the hierarchical coding, solve the transmission problem of video information in bandwidth limited network with the adaptive video source.
Technical scheme:Method of the present invention is a kind of method of tactic; Through revising directed diffusion Routing Protocol among the WMSN; For each node is set up energy time delay gradient and time delay gradient; According to this gradient information is that source node and aggregation node are set up many paths with different service quality, makes video source can both carry out rational more Path selection according to the characteristics of oneself through each layer bit stream behind the scalable coding and also transmits.
One, architecture
Utilization can be expanded hierarchical coding, and to carry out the basic principle of video transmission as shown in Figure 1; The video data that promptly certain information source the is produced level coding that adds up with certain resolution; On action scopes such as time-domain or spatial domain, be divided into some levels; Comprise a basic layer and one or more enhancement layer, can independent transmission behind each hierarchical data process coding.Basic layer can be by independent decoding, and enhancement layer bitstream needs and basic layer decoding together, and through behind certain decoder decode, basic layer bit stream can guarantee the most basic video quality, and enhancement layer bitstream then can provide the video quality on the details of enhancing.Comprise the most basic video information and crucial temporal information in the basic layer, be called key frame, this frame requires to have high reliability and real-time in the transmission course; Containing the detailed information in the frame of video in the enhancement layer, is the optional information of video coding, is called normal frames, and this frame is had relatively high expectations to real-time, and is lower to reliability requirement.Therefore can select different paths according to the demands of different in two kinds of code stream transmission courses.
The process that the WMSN network that carries out the multipath transmission based on orientation diffusion Routing Protocol is set up mulitpath comprises that interest diffusion, gradient are set up and three phases is strengthened in the path.At the gradient establishment stage; Traditional orientation diffusion Routing Protocol has only been set up a gradient terms for each node; Thereby the mulitpath of setting up can't be distinguished path service quality; Improving one's methods of this paper set up two gradient terms for each node, i.e. energy time delay gradient and time delay gradient (being called ET and T respectively).Aspect the structure of multipath, traditional orientation diffusion Routing Protocol only need make up the mulitpath with a kind of service quality, and improving one's methods of this paper then need make up the path with multiple different service quality.
Provide below gradient in the orientation diffusion Routing Protocol is set up and two improved specifying in aspect of multipath structure.
Gradient is set up:When aggregation node during to the whole network inundation interest message; Carry out the foundation of gradient, each node is all safeguarded an inventory of interest, each interest that receives for node; A list item is all arranged in the tabulation, write down the ET and the T of the neighbor node that sends this interest message.
The method for building up of ET and T is: to certain node in the sensor network; If receive n the interest message that m neighbor node send (, abandon the same interest message that same neighbor node is sent), at first; The order that the same interest message of receiving according to this node arrives, the setup delay gradient.The interest message that arrives at first, its neighbor node time delay gradient T is maximum, is made as G (G should much larger than n), and to the interest message of i arrival, the Grad of setting its neighbor node is T=G-i+1; Secondly owing to all carry the dump energy of neighbor node in each interest message, with the dump energy of the m that sends a same interest message different neighbor node by sorting from big to small, if ordering is j, then last ET=T-j.In the radio multimedium network as shown in Figure 2, if concerning node 6, receive n=6 the interest message that m=5 neighbor node sent, wherein the interest message sent of neighbor node 1,2,3,4 is interestA, and arrival is 1,2,3,4 in proper order; The interest message that neighbor node 4,5 is sent is interestB, and arrival is 1,2 in proper order, establishes G=100, and the dump energy of each neighbor node is E1=4J, E2=3J, E3=1J, E4=2J, E5=5J, and the interest gradient table after then ET and T set up is as shown in Figure 3.
The structure of multipath:Gradient set up good after, when certain sensor node collect with its interest table in during the interest message data matching, explain that these data are the data that aggregation node needs, then send probe data packet to aggregation node by this node, set up suitable path.
Suppose that source node need send N probe data packet, each probe data packet all has a packet header sign to be used for distinguishing, and is made as 0; 1 ..., N-1; The process that probe data packet makes up multipath is: source node is chosen the different next-hop node of criterion selection to N the detection packet with different packet header sign according to following node; Next-hop node is chosen criterion according to same node again and continue to be transmitted, and up to reaching aggregation node, thereby forms the N paths from the source node to the aggregation node.
Next-hop node is chosen criterion: check the interest gradient table of node A, search the pairing list item of interest message that is complementary with the data that will transmit, to being designated 0 detection packet, the neighbor node B of selection ET maximum is as next-hop node.If have identical maximum, then select the neighbor node that at first occurs in the interest table with maximum ET; To sign is not 0 detection packet, finds out preceding N-1 the neighbor node of removing in the interest table beyond the Node B with big T value, and one of Random assignment is as next-hop node.With sensor network shown in Figure 3 is example; If source node collect with the interest gradient table in the corresponding data of interestA, sent 4 probe data packet, when node 6 receives that probe data packet is transmitted; If detection packet is designated 0, then select neighbor node 1 conduct hop node down; If the detection packet sign is not 0, then select neighbor node 2,3,4 to carry out Random assignment, as next-hop node.
Two, method flow
Multipath transmission method based on expanding hierarchical coding is specially: source node is set up gradient information, and video source is carried out expanding hierarchical coding, and the definite bitstream layers that will transmit makes up mulitpath, selects different paths for different bitstream layers and transmits.The idiographic flow of this method is:
(1) aggregation node is to whole network inundation interest message, for each node is set up gradient ET and T.
(2) certain sensor node collect with its interest table in mate video data the time, video source is carried out M level scalable coding, coding becomes a basic layer and M-1 enhancement layer, establishes that the bit rate of each layer is respectively after encoding .... (wherein ...).Sensor node is provided with different markers respectively with basic layer bit stream and enhancement layer bitstream, basic layer:, enhancement layer 1: ..., enhancement layer M-1:.If the bandwidth of channel is P, if then only transmit basic layer; (if 1 < q < M), then q bitstream layers before the transmission; If, M bitstream layers before then transmitting.
(3) if will transmit the individual bitstream layers of preceding Q (); Then select in this Q layer first packet of every layer to send as probe data packet; Each probe data packet is selected different following hop nodes, up to arriving aggregation node, forms the mulitpath from the source node to the aggregation node.
(4) Q the packet of aggregation node to receiving, according to each packet the path of process, carry out reverse path and strengthen, set up Q bar high speed path.
(5) follow-up basic layer bit stream and enhancement layer bitstream are selected the path of the detection packet process identical with the tag value of oneself, and data are sent to aggregation node.
Beneficial effect
The present invention is directed to video information transmission problem in the environment of limited bandwidth among the WMSN, proposed a solution.When the insufficient bandwidth in the network; Also can guarantee the high efficient and reliable transmission of basic layer at least, basic Video service quality is provided, along with the increase of bandwidth; The enhancement layer of receiving is also more and more; The video quality that receiving terminal receives also improves thereupon, and up to receiving all bitstream layers, it is best that video quality reaches.Thereby guaranteed the transmission quality of video in bandwidth limited network, and can adapt to user's request with different bandwidth.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 utilization can be expanded the basic principle that hierarchical coding carries out video transmission.
Fig. 2 is the multimedia sensor network simulation drawing.
Interest gradient table after Fig. 3 ET and T set up.
Embodiment
The video data needs that collect according to Fig. 2 scene graph hypothesis node 6 send to the sink node, and the coded system of data is 4 grades of time domain scalable codings, and channel width is P, and then video data from the multipath transmission course of node 6 to sink nodes is:
1. the sink node is to node 1,2, and 3,4,5,6 inundation interest message after each node is received interest message, are set up inventory of interest, the T and the ET of record neighbor node.
Node 6 collect with own inventory of interest in data matching, video source is carried out 4 grades of time domain scalable codings, be encoded into 1 basic layer and 3 enhancement layers, identify for each packet adds packet header; Basic layer:, enhancement layer 1:, enhancement layer 2:, enhancement layer 3:; If the bit rate of basic layer in coding back and enhancement layer 1,2,3 is respectively;,, (wherein < < <).
3. if then only transmit basic layer; If then transmit basic layer and enhancement layer 1; If then transmit basic layer and enhancement layer 1,2; If then transmit basic layer and enhancement layer 1,2,3.
4. if will transmit Q () layer bit stream, first packet that node 6 sends each layer bit stream is as probe data packet, and destination node is set to the sink node.
5. check the inventory of interest of node 6; The pairing list item of the interest message that the data of finding out and will transmitting are complementary; Right detection packet; The node conduct with maximum ET that selection at first occurs is hop node down, right node, and the node preceding Q-1 in addition of the detection packet selection that one of Random assignment is removed has than hop node under the node conduct of big T value.
6. descend hop node to continue after the same method to transmit, and the path that in packet, will wrap process note, up to the arrival aggregation node.
7. Q the packet of sink node to receiving according to the path of the process that writes down in each packet, carries out reverse path and strengthens, and sets up the Q bar high speed path from node 6 to sink nodes.
8. the path of the detection packet process that follow-up basic layer bit stream is identical with the tag value of oneself with the enhancement layer bitstream selection sends to the sink node with data.
Claims (3)
1. one kind based on the multipath transmission plan that can expand hierarchical coding, it is characterized in that comprising following steps:
Aggregation node is to whole network inundation interest message, for each node is set up gradient energy time delay gradient ET and time delay gradient T;
When a sensor node collect with its interest table in mate video data the time; Video source is carried out M level scalable coding; Coding becomes a basic layer and M-1 enhancement layer; If the bit rate of each layer of coding back is respectively
;., (wherein
< ... <);
Sensor node is provided with different markers respectively with basic layer bit stream and enhancement layer bitstream, basic layer:, enhancement layer 1: ..., enhancement layer M-1:;
If the bandwidth of channel is P, if then only transmit basic layer; (if 1 < q < M), then q bitstream layers before the transmission; If, M bitstream layers before then transmitting;
If will transmit the individual bitstream layers of preceding Q (); Then select in this Q layer first packet of every layer to send as probe data packet; Each probe data packet is selected different following hop nodes, up to arriving aggregation node, forms the mulitpath from the source node to the aggregation node;
Q the packet of aggregation node to receiving, according to each packet the path of process, carry out reverse path and strengthen, set up Q bar high speed path;
The path of the detection packet process that follow-up basic layer bit stream is identical with the tag value of oneself with the enhancement layer bitstream selection sends to aggregation node with data.
2. the multipath transmission method based on scalable coding according to claim 1; It is characterized in that (said) node sets up the step of gradient and comprise: the order that the same interest message of receiving according to node arrives, setup delay gradient, the interest message that arrives at first; Its neighbor node time delay gradient T is maximum; Be made as G (G should much larger than n), to i interest message that arrives, the Grad of setting its neighbor node is T=G-i+1; Set up energy time delay gradient ET according to the dump energy of the neighbor node that carries in each interest message, with the dump energy of the m that sends a same interest message different neighbor node by sorting from big to small, if ordering is j, then last ET=T-j.
3. the multipath transmission method based on scalable coding according to claim 1; It is characterized in that (said) probe data packet transmits the step that hop node is at present selected: the interest gradient table of checking node; The pairing list item of the interest message that the data of searching and will transmit are complementary; To the detection packet of basic layer, select the maximum neighbor node B of ET as next-hop node; If have identical maximum, then select the neighbor node that at first occurs in the interest table with maximum ET; To remaining detection packet, find out preceding N-1 the neighbor node of removing in the interest table beyond the Node B with big T value, one of Random assignment is as next-hop node.
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| CN103402122A (en) * | 2013-06-24 | 2013-11-20 | 中国联合网络通信集团有限公司 | Control method and device for mobile streaming media service |
| CN103580773A (en) * | 2012-07-18 | 2014-02-12 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Method and device for transmitting data frame |
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| CN106454414A (en) * | 2015-08-06 | 2017-02-22 | 瞬已网络科技（上海）有限公司 | Real-time video transmission method of multipath network |
| WO2017096891A1 (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2017-06-15 | 乐视控股（北京）有限公司 | Method, device and system for playing multiple paths of video data |
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| CN103580773A (en) * | 2012-07-18 | 2014-02-12 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Method and device for transmitting data frame |
| CN103402122A (en) * | 2013-06-24 | 2013-11-20 | 中国联合网络通信集团有限公司 | Control method and device for mobile streaming media service |
| CN106454414A (en) * | 2015-08-06 | 2017-02-22 | 瞬已网络科技（上海）有限公司 | Real-time video transmission method of multipath network |
| CN106454414B (en) * | 2015-08-06 | 2019-06-21 | 瞬已网络科技（上海）有限公司 | A kind of multipath network method for real-time video transmission |
| WO2017096891A1 (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2017-06-15 | 乐视控股（北京）有限公司 | Method, device and system for playing multiple paths of video data |
| CN106101602A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2016-11-09 | 北京北信源软件股份有限公司 | A kind of bandwidth self-adaption improves the method for network video quality |
| CN106101602B (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2019-03-29 | 北京北信源软件股份有限公司 | A kind of method that bandwidth self-adaption improves network video quality |
| CN107969021A (en) * | 2016-10-19 | 2018-04-27 | 中南大学 | A kind of high usage route strategy between event and actuator based on Differentiated Services |
| CN107969021B (en) * | 2016-10-19 | 2021-06-08 | 中南大学 | Efficient routing strategy between event and actuator based on differentiated service |
| CN109600617A (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2019-04-09 | 北京东土科技股份有限公司 | Coding, retransmission method, device, equipment and the storage medium of video data |
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Application publication date: 20120229 |