Background technology
Because developing rapidly of science and technology, modern industry is more and more higher for the performance requirement of metal material, improvement to material structure requires also more and more stronger, single metal material can't satisfy these demands, so the advanced composite material (ACM) that integrates physics, chemistry, mechanical property and the price difference of different materials arises at the historic moment, this will more effectively utilize properties of materials, and overcome and remedy the deficiency of homogenous material performance, thereby obtain the more excellent new material of combination property.Therefore develop and prepare the research emphasis that these correlation techniques that possess excellence or property new material have also just become contemporary metallurgical material field technology personnel, wherein machine-shaping technology low-cost, high performance metallic composite not only is subjected to engineers and technicians' attention, and listed the high-technology field that state key is supported in, will help from policy and two aspects of fund from now on.
China is the country of the rich aluminium of a poor copper, consume copper material in the Chinese electrician trade current material year and account for the nearly 1/3rd of whole world copper material total amount consumed, so copper material becomes China's another important strategic resource except oil.Since the nineties in last century, along with nonferrous metal resource shortage aggravation, the copper material price sharp rises, and causes copper material manufacturing enterprise and client's production and use cost significantly to improve.Therefore guaranteeing on original copper material serviceability basis, development of new material substitution traditional material becomes the focus of domestic and international manufacturing enterprise research and development, adopts substituting composite and then reduces a kind of development trend that cost of material has become domestic and international copper material production and application.
Metallic copper has good electric conductivity and welding performance, but scarcity of resources, processing is expensive, the metallic aluminium good conductivity, relative low price, but poor than copper all such as the welding of aluminium, arc extinguishing, wear-resisting and conduction, heat conductivility, directly substituting copper material in a lot of occasions with aluminium is difficulty, form the composite strip of copper cover aluminum with copper cover aluminum, the consumption that both can save metallic copper can also keep characteristics such as ductility that pure copper material has, electric conductivity, solderability, corrosion resistance.Add that China's bauxite resource is very abundant, the price of aluminium is lower than copper, and its density is less than 1/3 of copper, and this just means that under the identical condition of weight the length of aluminium is 3 times of fine copper material.Particularly at communication field, cable TV signal and mobile communication signal frequency are higher, generally at 500-800MHZ, because " Kelvin effect " makes high frequency electric concentrate on the surface of conductors transmission, when carrying out the information transmission with fine copper, the copper in centre does not play the effect of main transmission signal, so the copper material that partly substitutes the intermediate layer with aluminium is very desirable method, can save greatly that China comparatively lacks and expensive copper resource.In fact more than communications field,, the king-sized copper strips of demand wide especially with copper cover aluminum composite band replacement application surface also will have application prospect widely in the electric power transfer field, be expected to form huge industry.Exploitation is fit to efficient, the low energy consumption complex technique of industrial-scale production, preparation copper cover aluminum composite band new material, industrial circle such as the electronics that will develop rapidly to China, electric power, machine-building provides alternative desirable new product undoubtedly, produce remarkable economic efficiency, and for making rational use of resources, guarantee that national economy sustainable development has important social benefit.So the exploitation of this technology is own through becoming the target that domestic and international researcher makes great efforts.
The production method of metallic composite has a variety of, can be divided into solid-solid phase composite algorithm and liquid-solid phase composite algorithm two big classes substantially.Gu-solid phase composite algorithm comprise rolling compound, blast is compound, extruding-drawing is compound, welding etc., the liquid-solid phase composite algorithm comprises core-filled and continuously casted, two crystallizer continuous castings etc.And wherein be most widely used with rolling.
Conventional composite rolling technology adopts once-combined technology in the production of three layers of composite band, and for the composite band production of large scale specification, effect is obvious, process stabilizing, production efficiency height.But compound for the ultra-thin band of composite band gauge below 0.15mm adopted once-combined technology, and effect is bad, it is not high to show as dimensional accuracy, and the thickness of three layers of composite band is than wayward, and production efficiency is low, problems such as percent defective height, so this technology application is more limited.
Summary of the invention
Deficiency at the prior art existence, the invention provides two step composite rolling methods of three layers of ultra-thin composite band of a kind of copper/aluminium/copper (being called for short the copper aluminum bronze), this method is the production method of a kind of copper/aluminium of copper efficiently/three layers of ultra-thin composite band of copper, when the preparation copper/aluminium/two-sided composite band of copper, carry out the rolling compound of copper/aluminium single face composite band earlier, the thickness ratio of copper strips, aluminium strip is 1: 1, the aluminium face reroll of carrying out copper/aluminium single face composite band again is compound, obtain the two-sided composite band of copper/aluminium/copper, each layer thickness is than being copper: aluminium: copper=1: 2: 1.Use utilizes the composite strip of this kind method preparation, and the consumption of its copper strip can save 50%.
According to the present invention, a kind of composite rolling method of copper aluminum bronze double composite strip material is provided, it is characterized in that using the 4-roller cold rolling mill group, adopt following steps to carry out the rolling of composite strip: (1) carries out composite rolling after with ready copper strips and aluminium strip centering, its mill speed is 15-30mm/s, draught pressure is less than 4000kN, the control of copper strips temperature is at 120-150 ℃ when rolling, aluminium strip is got the normal temperature temperature, the thickness of copper aluminum composite belt is 1.5-3.0mm after rolling the finishing, and utilizes annealing furnace to carry out intermediate annealing for the copper aluminum composite belt through rolling formation for the first time then and handles; (2) the aluminium face of the copper aluminium single face composite strip that will obtain through first composite rolling is relative, it is rolling that the equipment that employing is for the first time rolling and technological parameter thereof carry out the second time, the control of strip surface temperature is at 200-250 ℃, and the copper aluminum bronze composite strip thickness after rolling is 1.0-1.5mm; Utilizing annealing furnace that the copper aluminum bronze composite strip that obtains is carried out intermediate annealing then handles; (3) it is accurately rolling the copper aluminum bronze composite strip through annealing in process to be carried out multi-pass, carries out last annealing in process then.
Preferably, the rolling compound reduction ratio in each step all is not less than 65%.Alternatively, the annealing temperature of described intermediate annealing is 260-350 ℃, and the annealing temperature retention time is 3-5 hour, inert gas shielding.
According to the present invention, describedly copper aluminum bronze composite strip through annealing in process to be carried out multi-pass accurately rolling to refer to that copper aluminum bronze composite strip is carried out 7 passages rolling, the thickness deformation amount when rolling is as follows:
1.0mm→0.75mm→0.55mm→0.4mm→0.3mm→0.22mm→0.16mm→0.12mm。
According to the present invention, the described temperature that copper aluminum bronze composite strip through annealing in process is carried out the annealing furnace of last annealing in process is 500-560 ℃, and the speed of continuous annealing tape transport is 3-5m/min, annealing time 6-10 minute.
According to the present invention, described copper aluminum bronze composite strip through annealing in process is characterised in that: the top layer is the copper layer, and the intermediate layer is aluminium lamination, and each layer thickness ratio is 1: 2: 1, and the thickness of composite strip is 0.1-0.15mm.
The specific embodiment
Deficiency at the prior art existence, the invention provides two step composite rolling methods of three layers of ultra-thin composite band of a kind of copper/aluminium/copper (being called for short the copper aluminum bronze), this method is the production method of a kind of copper/aluminium efficiently/three layers of ultra-thin composite band of copper, when the preparation copper/aluminium/two-sided composite band of copper, carry out the rolling compound of copper/aluminium single face composite band earlier, the thickness ratio of copper strips, aluminium strip is 1: 1, the aluminium face reroll of carrying out copper/aluminium single face composite band again is compound, obtain the two-sided composite band of copper/aluminium/copper, each layer thickness is than being copper: aluminium: copper=1: 2: 1.Use utilizes the composite strip of this kind method preparation, and the consumption of its copper strip can save 50%.
The particular content of copper/aluminium that this invention is finished/three layers of ultra-thin two step of composite band composite rolling method of copper is as follows:
1. material is selected.Choose any surface finish, smooth, thickness deviation less than aluminium strip and the copper strips of 0.05mm, wherein:
Al zone thickness H
Al=3.0 ± 0.03mm, width 220 ± 0.1mm contains aluminium more than 99.6%, soft state σ
bBe 70-94Mpa, δ
5Be 25-35%;
Copper strips thickness H
Cu=3.0 ± 0.03mm, width 220 ± 0.1mm, cupric be more than 99.9%, and oxygen content is less than 0.01%, special soft state, σ
bBe 200-220MPa, δ
5Be 38-48%;
The aluminium strip of initially choosing and copper strips should have same thickness, and the thickness of each band should be in 1.5-3.0 ± 0.03mm scope, and width is in 200-220 ± 0.1mm scope.
2. roll pre-treatment.Copper strips and aluminium strip utilize uncoiler, straightener, sanding apparatus to prick pre-treatment successively, finish uncoiling, the aligning of band, the process of polishing;
Aluminium strip requires the plate face straight, no wooden dipper song and shape wave behind uncoiling, aligning.Straightener emphasis aligning aluminium strip head, afterbody, the scheme that does not adopt total length to align;
Aluminium strip polishing can be adopted emery cloth wheel or wire brush, should guarantee that whole plate face effectively polishes, and grinding depth is 0.005-0.03mm.The bristle diameter of copper strips wire brush ray machine is elected 0.15-0.3mm as, and copper strip surface should leave the rill vestige of even compact after cleaning with water, has not allowed Lou phenomenon such as brush and distortion;
3. composite rolling for the first time.By the up and down automatic centering of photoelectricity centralising device to copper strips and steel band, wherein being positioned at following aluminium strip is benchmark with the rolling centerline, is positioned at copper strips alignment automatically centered by aluminium strip of top, and the correction precision is in 0.5-1.0 millimeter scope.The employing specification is that the compound cold rolling unit of four rollers of Φ 250 * 400/ Φ 450 * 380 is rolled, mill speed is: 15-30mm/s, tension stability, control plate shape well, phenomenons such as big lateral bending and Bian Lang can not occur, draught pressure is less than 4000kN, the kind of drive is the working roll transmission, when rolling, the copper strips temperature is controlled at 120-150 ℃, and aluminium strip does not heat.The thickness of copper/aluminum composite belt should be 1.5-3.0mm when composite rolling was finished for the first time.
4. annealing in process for the first time.Copper aluminum composite belt material after for the first time compound need carry out intermediate annealing to be handled; the annealing good leak tightness is adopted in intermediate annealing, the strong circulating gas shield bell type annealing furnace that the thermal efficiency is high, and annealing temperature is 260-350 ℃; annealing temperature retention time 3-5 hour, inert gas shielding.
5. composite rolling for the second time.For the second time during composite rolling, to be combined with each other through the copper aluminium single face composite strip that first composite rolling obtains, wherein the aluminium face of composite strip is relative, adopt for the first time rolling equipment and pass through the rolling process of the first step successively, when rolling, the control of strip surface temperature realizes the rolling compound of copper/aluminium/two-sided composite band of copper at 200-250 ℃, and rolling back composite band thickness is 1.0-1.5mm.
6. annealing in process for the second time.Compound laggard interline annealing in process for the second time, strong circulating gas shield bell type annealing furnace is adopted in intermediate annealing, and heating-up temperature 260-350 ℃, annealing temperature retention time 3-5 hour, inert gas shielding.
7. multi-pass is accurately rolling.In order to strengthen the combined strength bination of copper aluminum bronze after compound, realize metallurgical binding to each other, also be simultaneously in order further to reduce the thickness of composite strip, need to carry out multi-pass accurately rolling to finishing compound band.Wherein can prick 7 times, each thickness deformation amount is as follows:
1.0mm → 0.75mm → 0.55mm → 0.4mm → 0.3mm → 0.22mm → 0.16mm → 0.12mm (finished product).
8. finished products.To deliver to through the finished product of the rolling acquisition of multi-pass and carry out finished products in the continuous annealing furnace, the temperature of annealing furnace is 500-560 ℃, and the speed of annealing tape transport is 3-5m/min, annealing time 6-10 minute.
The enforcement of patent of the present invention is divided into rolling recombination process of 2 steps, the single face of at first realizing copper/aluminium is compound, its compound back copper aluminum composite belt thickness can change in 1.5-3.0mm, the aluminium face of realizing copper aluminium single face composite band then is compound, copper/aluminium/three layers of composite band gauge of copper can change in 1.0-1.5mm, the interface is metallurgical binding, and each layer thickness was than 1: 2: 1.
To describe the specific embodiment of the method according to this invention below in detail.May further comprise the steps according to a particular embodiment of the invention:
Raw material is chosen:
Aluminium strip H
Al=3.0 ± 0.03mm, width 220 ± 0.1mm contains aluminium 99.7%, soft state, σ
bBe 82MPa, δ
5Be 28%;
Copper strips H
Cu=3.0 ± 0.03mm, width 220 ± 0.1mm, cupric 99.95%, oxygen content 0.085%, σ
bBe 208MPa, δ
5Be 41%;
H=H
Al+ H
Cu=6.0mm, copper strips and aluminium strip any surface finish, smooth, thickness deviation 0.03mm.
First step composite rolling rolling schedule:
6mm→1.5mm
Copper strips and aluminium strip pass through equipment such as uncoiler, straightener, sanding apparatus, photoelectricity centralising device, composite rolling mill successively.
Aluminium strip is behind uncoiling, aligning, and the plate face is straight, no wooden dipper song and shape wave, straightener aligning aluminium strip head, afterbody.
The emery cloth wheel is adopted in the aluminium strip polishing, and whole plate face is effectively polished, and grinding depth is 0.005-0.03mm.Copper strips adopts the wire brush polishing, and the bristle diameter of wire brush ray machine is 0.2mm, and copper strip surface rill vestige is even, fine and close after polishing, and does not have phenomenons such as the brush of leakage and distortion.
Operation of rolling automatic centering, aluminium strip are benchmark with the rolling centerline, and copper strips is alignment automatically centered by aluminium strip, and the correction precision is in the 0.5-1.0mm scope.
Composite rolling mill is Φ 250 * 400/ Φ 450 * compound cold rolling unit of 380 4 rollers, mill speed 20mm/s, tension stability, the control of plate shape is good, phenomenons such as no big lateral bending and Bian Lang, draught pressure 3800kN, when rolling, the copper strips temperature is controlled between 125-145 ℃, aluminium strip does not heat, the non-oxidation phenomenon, after rolling the finishing, the compound copper-aluminum composite board thickness that goes out is 1.5mm.
Strong circulating gas shield bell type annealing furnace is adopted in for the first time compound laggard interline annealing, 300 ℃ of heating-up temperatures, annealing temperature retention time 4.5 hours, argon shield.
The second step composite rolling rolling schedule:
3.0mm→1.0mm
Rolling compound tense of second step, the aluminium face of copper aluminium single face composite band is relative, be superimposed, its gross thickness is 3.0mm, it is imported to pass through the rolling process of the first step in the milling train successively, when rolling, the control of strip surface temperature is at 220 ± 20 ℃, realize the rolling compound of the two-sided composite band of copper aluminum bronze, in the operation of rolling, roll shape and band plate shape are stable.Rolling back composite band thickness is 1.0mm.The intermediate annealing processing is carried out again for the composite band of making in for the second time compound back, and strong circulating gas shield bell type annealing furnace is adopted in intermediate annealing, 260 ± 10 ℃ of heating-up temperatures, annealing temperature retention time 3 hours, argon shield.
Carry out finished product finish rolling at last, adopt following rolling schedule:
1.0mm → 0.75mm → 0.55mm → 0.4mm → 0.3mm → 0.22mm → 0.16mm → 0.12mm (finished product)
Finished product is carried out final annealing, 550 ℃ of heating-up temperatures, the speed 5m/min of continuous annealing tape transport.Annealing time 8 minutes.
Fig. 3 is the ultra-thin composite band cross dimensions of 0.12mm electromicroscopic photograph, and is visible through after rolling by photo, reached metallurgical binding between the copper aluminum bronze fully.
Patent of the present invention can obtain the ultra-thin composite band that size is little, precision is high, the compound interface combination is firm, surface quality is good under the situation that guarantees saving 50% copper material, three layers of composite band gauge are at 0.1-0.15mm, and each layer thickness was than 1: 2: 1.Therefore, according to the present invention, in the production of three layers of composite band of copper aluminum bronze, adopting two step composite rolling technology, is that effect is remarkable in the production of ultra-thin composite band of 0.1-0.15mm at production composite band final thickness.
The inventive method realizes at the compound cold rolling unit production line of existing four rollers, so this method is not only applicable to the production of copper/aluminium/three layers of ultra-thin composite band of copper, also is applicable to the production of other three layers of ultra-thin composite band.