CN102353988A - Method based on graphics processor for computing direct pre-stack reverse-time migration based on irregular topography - Google Patents
Method based on graphics processor for computing direct pre-stack reverse-time migration based on irregular topography Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method based on a graphics processor for computing direct pre-stack reverse-time migration based on an irregular topography. Migration imaging is directly performed from the irregular topography by applying a reverse-time migration method, and solving is performed by adopting a finite difference method, and the computation speed and efficiency is obviously improved by utilizing the concurrent computation characteristic of the graphics processor.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to calculate the method for the direct prestack reverse-time migration of relief surface, relate in particular to the method for calculating the direct prestack reverse-time migration of relief surface based on graphic process unit.
Background technology
Along with the continuous development of seismic exploration technique, the emphasis of oil-gas seismic exploration is just turning to the zone of relief surface condition and complex geological condition, and like mountain region, sea, beach and marsh land etc., this has proposed new challenge to seismic survey work and Data Processing.The problem of tradition earthquake formation method aspect complicated earth surface, the main existence two in complex structure area: the one, surface relief is big, and shallow velocity structure is very complicated; The 2nd, underground structure is complicated, and, mature fault strong like fold, structure are steep, attitude of stratum changes and waits greatly.This pair of labyrinth makes traditional earthquake formation method be difficult to accurate imaging in this type area.
The seismic data imaging of relief surface area is main adopts two kinds of methods: a kind of is to carry out the top layer wave field earlier to proofread and correct, migration imaging again, and this method is occupied an leading position in actual production; Another kind is the migration imaging that directly carries out Depth Domain from relief surface.It is key processing technique in the actual earthquake Data Processing that the top layer wave field is proofreaied and correct always, the influence of adopting the elevation datum static correction that seismic data corrections is solved topographic relief to the way on fixed datum or the floating datum usually.It is exactly the earth's surface-consistent hypothesis that this method is implying a tangible basic assumption; Promptly little in surface relief; The weathering zone lateral speed change is the area slowly; Underground shallow, in, the reflection of deep layer is during through weathering zone; Almost follow same path near vertical and be incident to the face of land, at this moment their static correction value is equal basically.In the mild area of landform; Near-surface velocity is more a lot of slowly than underground speed; And the raypath emergence angle is less, adopts above-mentioned bearing calibration proper, but in complicated earth surface and complicated underground area; Near-surface velocity and underground speed are more or less the same; And the raypath emergence angle is bigger, and therefore, simple correction may be twisted wave field; Reduce the quality of seismic imaging, this moment, conventional processing can not produce correct imaging.The wave equation datum continuation method is proofreaied and correct a kind of more accurate technique means that provide for the top layer wave field.As long as it is can access near-surface velocity model more accurately,, extremely important to improving mountain front complex structure imaging precision with " wave equation datum continuation " replacement conventional " time shift static correction ".Directly carry out the method for Depth Domain migration imaging from relief surface; Field statics impliedly is included in wherein; This correction has not only comprised the longitudinal component of whilst on tour; The cross stream component that has also comprised whilst on tour simultaneously; Therefore, the pre-stack depth migration based on relief surface can solve complicated earth surface and this geologic dual complicacy of above mentioning of complicated underground structure simultaneously.The direct migration before stack of relief surface is the value of mountain front complex structure imaging: regional preferably in near-surface reflection information on the one hand, can carry out velocity analysis based on the relief surface pre-stack depth migration, and successively optimize the degree of depth-rate pattern downwards from the face of land; On the other hand, if previous work can provide the macro-velocity model that satisfies the structure imaging requirement, the skew of relief surface prestack depth single stage method then can provide structural map picture comprehensive, meticulous below the face of land.Ensuing problem is to select which kind of migration algorithm to carry out relief surface directly to be offset.The Kirchhoff integral method is easy, efficient, adapts to any observed pattern, and is easy to local target imaging.But the Kirchhoff integral method is a kind of high-frequency approximation, can not carry out good treatment to the caustic in the complicated wave field, interference, tyrannical in nonhomogeneous media imaging precision not high; Compare with the Kirchhoff deflection method, relief surface one way ripple wave equation pre stack depth migration method is high to complex area structure imaging precision, and can handle many ripples to problem, and is more clear to the portrayal of steep dip interface, tomography and section.Yet the one way wave method is a kind of approximation method equally, and the imaging angle is limited in 90 degree, and the reverse-time migration method of directly finding the solution the moving equation of round trip wave-wave has broken through the restriction at imaging inclination angle, is formation method the most accurately.Therefore, should carry out the work of relief surface direct inverse hour offset in the area of complicated earth surface and this dual complicacy of complicated underground structure.
For finding the solution of the moving equation of relief surface round trip wave-wave, the irregular face of land of Treatment of Finite Element Method is more convenient, but counting yield is low, and computational accuracy is difficult to improve, and uses also inconvenient.Methods such as discrete wave number that finite element and additive method combine and regional split, the not basic solutions of problem such as although improved counting yield to a certain extent, computational accuracy is low, use inconvenience.The character of partly resolving of boundary integral or boundary element method has determined this method can not be applicable to the big situation of face of land velocity variations, has limited its application in exploration reality.
Summary of the invention
To the shortcoming of above-mentioned classic method, the invention provides the method for calculating the direct prestack reverse-time migration of relief surface based on graphic process unit.
Comprise following two technological concepts in the present invention, based on the calculating of graphic process unit, the computing method that adopted are finite difference methods.The applicant makes explanations at this:
Adopt finite difference (FD) method to calculate the direct prestack reverse-time migration of relief surface, the method counting yield is high, and is easy to use.Yet, being subjected to the influence of algorithm stability and dispersion relation, method of finite difference wave-field simulation calculated amount is huge.What wave field was propagated employing among the present invention is time domain second order difference, spatial domain higher difference form.The higher difference form shows that each net point all is decoupling zero in wave field propagation and the application image-forming condition time space, promptly independently.All net points can parallel computation under this kind method, and parallel granularity is very little.To this problem; Because the parallel granularity of each net point of finite difference is very little; Form by computation core in large quantities and graphic process unit is many; Therefore each thread only calculates the value of a net point or several net points during its processing operations, the parallel problem of this small grain size is compared traditional central processing unit more have superiority.
Shown in accompanying drawing 1, shown that method calculation of the present invention realizes the principle flow chart of reverse-time migration, the wave field propagation of computation-intensive and imaging moiety are by the graphic process unit parallel computation, and intermediate result need be kept on central processing unit internal memory or the hard disk by communication.Because utilization space HIGH-ORDER DIFFERENCE METHOD needs a large amount of memory read-writes, is example with three-dimensional 8 jump cellulars, the value of a net point of every calculating need read the net point data of 25 net points on every side, and it is very high that internal memory reads redundance.To this problem; Directly use the internal memory on the graphic process unit to compare with conventional calculation; Method of the present invention is further reused internal storage data through graphic process unit shared storage (share memory) mechanism, can reduce internal memory significantly and read redundance, improves efficiency of algorithm.
On the basis of the above; A defective of method of finite difference wave-field simulation is to handle relatively difficulty of relief surface: the net point at free boundary place needs special processing; Promptly need carry out careful classification to the relief surface net point; On program realizes, need a large amount of logic determines, this will influence the operational efficiency of graphic process unit greatly.Method of the present invention has overcome this problem through relief surface boundary condition core function.
In the present invention; The full name of GPU is graphic process unit (Graphic Processing Unit); Be commonly called as " video card "; On market, there are many companies to have research and development to produce this type of hardware at present, comprise x86 system video card manufacturer, POWERVR, ARM etc. such as NVIDIA, AMD (former ATI), VIA video card manufacturer based on the RISC system.
The invention discloses the method for calculating the direct prestack reverse-time migration of relief surface based on graphic process unit, comprise the steps:
(1), reads migration parameter and relief surface boundary parameter;
(2), read in single big gun data, and confirm migration aperture according to recording geometry;
(3), confirm the time step size of this big gun data;
(4), rate pattern in the migration aperture and source wavelet are uploaded to graphic process unit;
(5), utilize the method for finite difference just drilling source wavefield to maximum time of reception, record different constantly just drill wave field;
(6), single big gun data are read in the graphic process unit line data regularization of going forward side by side;
(7), the method for utilizing finite difference is along anti-one step of continuation of time orientation, and utilization relief surface boundary condition;
(8), the wave field in the corresponding moment of storage and use the simple crosscorrelation image-forming condition to be carried out to the picture computing in the read step (5);
(9), repeating step (7), (8), to anti-continuation to t=0 constantly;
(10), repeating step (2)-(9), to last big gun data;
(11), migration result is removed low frequency imaging noise, the output offset result is transmitted back the CPU internal memory with migration result;
Wherein, carry out in graphic process unit above-mentioned steps (5), (7), (8), (9), (10).
In the present invention; Above-mentioned steps (9), (10) are if once anti-continuation is to t=0 or reach last big gun after step (8) is accomplished; Then step (9), (10) can be omitted, and to those skilled in the art, this situation is obviously understandable.
In the present invention; Rate pattern, single big gun data, source wavelet in step (4), (6) described migration aperture pass to graphic process unit, are meant that the data transfer with the rate pattern in the migration aperture, single big gun data, source wavelet (is referred to as video memory) usually in the internal memory of GPU.The internal memory of described GPU is the internal memory that is located immediately on the GPU chip.
In the present invention; Said graphic process unit especially can be the graphic process unit of the support general computing power that extensively rises in recent years; The part of speech processor generally includes the graphic process unit based on unified calculation equipment architecture platform CUDA, and this graphic process unit is released by the NVIDIA of video card manufacturer; Based on the graphic process unit of open general-purpose computations model OpenCL, this type of graphic process unit comprises that NVIDIA, AMD, Intel, VIA etc. all have release; Based on the DirectCompute of Microsoft standard graphics processor, this type of graphic process unit comprises that NVIDIA, AMD, Intel, VIA etc. all have release; Preferably, need efficiently based on degree of ripeness and exploitation, used graphic process unit is preferably the graphic process unit based on unified calculation equipment architecture platform CUDA among the present invention.Those skilled in the art adopt the graphic process unit of the support general computing power of other types still to belong to protection domain of the present invention according to connotation of the present invention.
Based on above-mentioned basis; In the present invention; Rate pattern in the migration aperture of step (4), (6), source wavelet data, single big gun data are by the CUDA DLL (dynamic link library) of central processing unit through graphic process unit; Be sent to the pipeline of playing up in the graphic process unit, arrive programmable fragment processor; Said step (5), (7), (8), (9), (10) a plurality of thread parallels in a plurality of programmable fragment processor of graphic process unit carry out; Shared storage through graphic process unit is that thread provides, stores, transmits data, and its concrete computation process is following:
Step (5) is called the finite difference core function of unified calculation equipment architecture platform CUDA;
Step (7) is called the relief surface boundary condition core function of unified calculation equipment architecture platform CUDA;
Step (8) is called the simple crosscorrelation image-forming condition function of unified calculation equipment architecture platform CUDA;
On the basis of the above, step (9) is used to judge whether anti-continuation to t=0 constantly, if not, then repeats (7) for (8) two steps; If then arrive step (10); Step (10) is used to judge whether to be last big gun data, if not, then repeats (2)-(9) step; If then migration result is transmitted back the CPU internal memory.
Although above-mentioned what provide is to adopt the implementation method that realizes the object of the invention based on the graphic process unit of unified calculation equipment architecture platform CUDA; Yet those skilled in the art adopt other to support the graphic process unit of general computing power and call wherein that the function library or the respective function of correspondence realize that corresponding function also is still to belong to protection scope of the present invention for those skilled in the art can know according to the connotation of above-mentioned implementation method.
Above-mentioned said in; Used vocabulary " is played up pipeline, programmable fragment processor " and is widely understood for those skilled in the art; It is consistent with the used vocabulary implication of the present invention that other similar addresses also can be those skilled in the art's be interpreted as like pipeline, ROP, processing unit, stream handle etc.; Use different titles instead; As long as what it was directed against is hardware cell structure identical on the figure new processor, still belong to protection scope of the present invention.Other technology word such as shared storage are used in reference to the share memory that is positioned on the graphic process unit; In hardware structure with the graphic process unit sheet on buffer memory L1 Cache similar; All shared storages communicate with Cache, and being used to Cache provides effectively and data support at a high speed; Because the method for finite difference needs a large amount of memory read-writes; The internal memory redundance is high; Especially need the high-speed data transmission support, method of the present invention is reused internal storage data through using the graphic process unit shared storage, reads redundance thereby reduce internal memory significantly.
Calculate the relief surface reverse-time migration with classic method and compare, method of the present invention has following technical advantage:
1, utilization reverse-time migration method directly is offset from relief surface; Compare with traditional relief surface disposal route; Imaging effect is with the obvious advantage; And can both form images accurately in the layer position of near surface, therefore be with a wide range of applications in the zone of complicated earth surface and this geologic dual complicacy of complicated underground structure.
Counting yield is low during 2, to the moving equation solution of traditional round trip wave-wave, and computational accuracy is difficult to improve, and uses shortcomings such as inconvenience, and method of the present invention adopts method of finite difference to find the solution specifically finding the solution.Processing relief surface difficulty to the method for finite difference wave-field simulation; The net point at free boundary place needs this defective of special processing; The present invention is when the handle free-boundary net point; The relief surface boundary condition core function that adopts unified calculation equipment architecture platform CUDA is with the net point Unified Treatment; Both solved the free boundary reflection problems; Avoid a large amount of logic determines again, thereby made graphic process unit be able to quick application.
3, method of the present invention utilizes graphic process unit to realize the acceleration of computing method, has solved the very huge problem of reverse-time migration calculated amount.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 calculates the method schematic diagram of the direct prestack reverse-time migration of relief surface for the present invention is based on graphic process unit;
Accompanying drawing 2 calculates the method flow diagram of the direct prestack reverse-time migration of relief surface for the present invention is based on graphic process unit;
Accompanying drawing 3 is a SEG relief surface rate pattern;
Accompanying drawing 4 calculates based on the direct prestack reverse-time migration of relief surface result for adopting method of the present invention.
Embodiment
Combine embodiment that invention is further set forth below in conjunction with accompanying drawing; Those skilled in the art should know; The present invention also can have multiple multi-form or use different patterns processor or different general-purpose computations function enforcement, therefore should not think that it is confined to the embodiment that instructions is listed.Practical application effect of the present invention is relevant with concrete graphic process unit hardware, and within the specific limits, the stream handle that graphic process unit had is more, speed is fast more, and the effect that speed promotes will be good more.
In conjunction with accompanying drawing 1,2; Be appreciated that principle and the flow process of calculating the method for the direct prestack reverse-time migration of relief surface based on graphic process unit of the present invention; The principle of promptly utilizing graphic process unit can handle numerous concurrent threads simultaneously realizes supercomputing, concrete comprises following step:
(1), reads migration parameter and relief surface boundary parameter;
(2), read in single big gun data, and confirm migration aperture according to recording geometry;
(3), confirm the time step size of this big gun data;
(4), rate pattern in the migration aperture and source wavelet are uploaded to graphic process unit;
(5), utilize the method for finite difference just drilling source wavefield to maximum time of reception, record different constantly just drill wave field;
(6), single big gun data are read in the graphic process unit line data regularization of going forward side by side;
(7), the method for utilizing finite difference is along anti-one step of continuation of time orientation, and utilization relief surface boundary condition;
(8), the wave field in the corresponding moment of storage and use the simple crosscorrelation image-forming condition to be carried out to the picture computing in the read step (5);
(9), repeating step (7), (8), to anti-continuation to t=0 constantly;
(10), repeating step (2)-(9), to last big gun data;
(11), migration result is removed low frequency imaging noise, the output offset result is transmitted back the CPU internal memory with migration result;
Wherein, carry out in graphic process unit above-mentioned steps (5), (7), (8), (9), (10).
Accompanying drawing 3 is SEG relief surface model (the Canadian relief surface overthrust fault model of Amoco and the design of the BP company) data of standard in the world, and its geology prototype is the overthrust fault structure of British Columbia, Canada (British Columbia) northeast.These data are totally 277 big guns, every big gun 480 roads, and track pitch 15 m, the centre excites, record length 8s, sampling rate 4ms, offset distance-3600m ~ 3600m, the maximum discrepancy in elevation 1527m of landform, speed 3600 ~ 6000m/s.Rate pattern length profile 25 km, the degree of depth 10 km.
Accompanying drawing 4 carries out the migration result of relief surface direct inverse hour offset for adopting method of the present invention to raw data, and as shown in Figure 4, the overthrust fault imaging effect is with the obvious advantage, and can both form images accurately in the layer position of near surface.And compare with the method for simple employing central processing unit, speed has promoted more than 100 times, has significant advantage.
Claims (8)
1. calculate the method for the direct prestack reverse-time migration of relief surface based on graphic process unit, comprise the steps:
(1), reads migration parameter and relief surface boundary parameter;
(2), read in single big gun data, and confirm migration aperture according to recording geometry;
(3), confirm the time step size of this big gun data;
(4), rate pattern in the migration aperture and source wavelet are uploaded to graphic process unit;
(5), utilize the method for finite difference just drilling source wavefield to maximum time of reception, record different constantly just drill wave field;
(6), single big gun data are read in the graphic process unit line data regularization of going forward side by side;
(7), the method for utilizing finite difference is along anti-one step of continuation of time orientation, and utilization relief surface boundary condition;
(8), the wave field in the corresponding moment of storage and use the simple crosscorrelation image-forming condition to be carried out to the picture computing in the read step (5);
(9), repeating step (7), (8), to anti-continuation to t=0 constantly;
(10), repeating step (2)-(9), to last big gun data;
(11), migration result is removed low frequency imaging noise, the output offset result is transmitted back the central processing unit internal memory with migration result;
Carry out in graphic process unit above-mentioned steps (5), (7), (8), (9), (10).
2. the method based on the direct prestack reverse-time migration of graphic process unit calculating relief surface according to claim 1 is characterized in that the interior rate pattern and the source wavelet of migration aperture of step (4) uploaded in the internal memory of graphic process unit, single big gun data of step (6) are read in the internal memory of graphic process unit.
3. the method based on the direct prestack reverse-time migration of graphic process unit calculating relief surface according to claim 1 is characterized in that said graphic process unit is based on the graphic process unit of unified calculation equipment architecture platform CUDA.
4. the method for calculating the direct prestack reverse-time migration of relief surface based on graphic process unit according to claim 3; It is characterized in that rate pattern, source wavelet data, single big gun data in the migration aperture of step (4), (6) is by the CUDA DLL (dynamic link library) of central processing unit through graphic process unit; Be sent to the pipeline of playing up in the graphic process unit, arrive programmable fragment processor; Said step (5), (7), (8), (9), (10) are that thread provides data in a plurality of thread parallel computings of a plurality of programmable fragment processor of graphic process unit through the graphic process unit shared drive.
5. according to claim 3ly calculate the method for the direct prestack reverse-time migration of relief surface, it is characterized in that said step (5) calls the finite difference core function of unified calculation equipment architecture platform CUDA based on graphic process unit.
6. according to claim 3ly calculate the method for the direct prestack reverse-time migration of relief surface, it is characterized in that said step (7) calls the relief surface boundary condition core function of unified calculation equipment architecture platform CUDA based on graphic process unit.
7. according to claim 3ly calculate the method for the direct prestack reverse-time migration of relief surface, it is characterized in that said step (8) calls the simple crosscorrelation image-forming condition function of unified calculation equipment architecture platform CUDA based on graphic process unit.
8. the method for calculating the direct prestack reverse-time migration of relief surface based on graphic process unit according to claim 1; It is characterized in that adopting method of finite difference to calculate the direct prestack reverse-time migration of relief surface; What wherein wave field was propagated employing is time domain second order difference, spatial domain higher difference form; Each net point all is decoupling zero in wave field propagation and the application image-forming condition time space, independently.
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| CN103576190A (en) * | 2012-08-02 | 2014-02-12 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Method for solving discontinuity of reverse time migration waveform |
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| CN103278848A (en) * | 2013-04-22 | 2013-09-04 | 中山大学 | Seismic imaging forward modeling method based on massage passing interface (MPI) parallel preconditioned iteration |
| CN104570077A (en) * | 2013-10-18 | 2015-04-29 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method for extracting offset domain common imaging gathers based on reverse time migration |
| CN106199692A (en) * | 2015-05-30 | 2016-12-07 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of wave equation inverse migration method based on GPU |
| CN105572730A (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2016-05-11 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | Three-dimensional complex structure acoustic wave forward modeling method |
| CN105572730B (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2017-11-14 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | 3 D complex structure sound wave forward modeling method |
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| CN107944064B (en) * | 2016-10-12 | 2020-09-29 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Parallel computing method and system for shot attribute fusion |
| CN106772590A (en) * | 2017-03-17 | 2017-05-31 | 中国地质科学院地球物理地球化学勘查研究所 | A kind of free earth's surface finite-difference forward modeling system and method that acutely rises and falls |
| CN109765616A (en) * | 2019-01-10 | 2019-05-17 | 中国海洋石油集团有限公司 | A kind of guarantor's width wave field extrapolation bearing calibration and system |
| CN109765616B (en) * | 2019-01-10 | 2020-10-16 | 中国海洋石油集团有限公司 | Amplitude-preserving wave field continuation correction method and system |
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