CN102353460B - Bathochromic shift radiation dyeing temperature measurement - Google Patents
Bathochromic shift radiation dyeing temperature measurement Download PDFInfo
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- CN102353460B CN102353460B CN201110146719.2A CN201110146719A CN102353460B CN 102353460 B CN102353460 B CN 102353460B CN 201110146719 A CN201110146719 A CN 201110146719A CN 102353460 B CN102353460 B CN 102353460B
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Abstract
In the invention, based on a 'bathochromic shift-dyeing' principle, non-black-body radiation is converted into blackbody radiation, bathochromic shift radiation is solved from a three-dimensional higher-order overrunning function to a linear function of a first degree, solved data is compared with a real temperature of a measured radiation source, thus a so-called 'lifelike temperature' close to the real temperature is obtained. An experiment proves that: the lifelike temperature of 'bathochromic shift-dyeing' temperature measurement is quite close to the real temperature of the radiation source, fluctuation of a deviation of the 'bathochromic shift-dyeing' temperature measurement is far better than resolution of traditional radiation temperature measurement maximal precision (+/- 1.0%), precision of the of the 'bathochromic shift-dyeing' temperature measurement is a level higher than precision of conventional radiation temperature measurement, and is very close to precision of a standard temperature when carrying out contact temperature measurement on the radiation source. A signal received by bathochromic shift radiation dyeing temperature measurement is an order of magnitude higher than a signal received by the traditional radiation temperature measurement, and a received signal is strong, which means that anti-interference is strong and reproduction is stable. A calibration operation of dyeing temperature measurement is carried out under a non-black-body radiation condition, thus a puzzle of setting radiation emissivity is eradicated.
Description
1st, technical field：
Bathochromic shift radiation dyeing temperature measurement belongs to non-contacting infrared radiant thermometric technology.Because it has eradicated nonblackbody radiation transmitting
The tired of rate ε is stirred, it is possible to directly apply to sintering, ironmaking, steel-making, steel rolling etc., the temperature survey of per pass smelting procedure with
Temperature control.Be applied equally to the energy, environmental protection, chemical industry, stove, scientific research, space flight etc., throughout need non-contact temperature measuring, adjust
Temperature, each link of closed-loop control.
2nd, background technology：
Infrared radiation temperature technology is an ancient and young subject.The philosophy of black body radiation was early in 100 years
Just established completely in the past, but the application of infrared radiation temperature technology but can not step the threshold in laboratory.
Conventional radiation thermometry includes brightness method (leucoscope), total radiation method (radiant-energy thermometer) and colorimetric method (ratio
Colour thermometre).Various types of radiation temp measuring method can only measure corresponding spectroscopic temperature, total radiation temperature or colour temperature.It is only exhausted
True temperature is only to black matrix measured temperature.The true temperature of object such as to be determined, then must carry out material surface emissivity by virtue
Amendment.And material surface emissivity by virtue depends not only on temperature and wavelength, but also have with surface state, film and microstructure etc.
Close, therefore be difficult accurate measurement.
The surface temperature that some objects are measured or controlled using radiation thermometry is generally required in automated production, such as
Temperature of the steel band rolling temperature, roller temperature, forging temperature and various motlten metals in metallurgy in smelting furnace.In these tools
In the case of body, the measurement of surface emissivity is extremely difficult.
My (patent applicant) lifetime smelting industry, knows very well that high-temperature operation spreads all over every one production process of main body factory building,
In the urgent need to the support of radiant thermometric technology.Because workpiece (thermal source) radiant emissivity, the spoke on production line cannot be determined
Penetrate ear of the temperature instrumentation just as deaf person, operating procedure sees by rule of thumb fire, temperature control automation is unable to closed loop, radiation temperature measurement link because
There is it when causing the accident of waste product, substandard products to judge temperature by accident.
Nowadays all make scene unsatisfactory using all infrared radiation temperature measurement device tables on a production line.Most teaching notes
Can only in these good-for-nothing radiation thermometries, reluctantly recommend color comparison temperature measurement.For example document [2] (p84) was once sayed：
' temperature survey of color comparison temperature measurement depends on the ratio of radiant power, as long as the emissivity of radiant body is delayed relatively with the change of wavelength X
Slowly, especially for the factor contrastive colours such as change of multiplication factor in grey body, the partial loss of radiant power and electronic circuit
The impact very little of thermometric.So the true temperature of close body surface can be measured with colour temperature '.
More than 100 years of radiant thermometric technology, is seek radiant emissivity rule more than 100 years.Since oneth century, who
Also do not declare to have found real grey body.First it is to be engaged in detection emissivity ε(λ.T)The scholar of test, the presence to grey body are carried
Go out to query.For example；Before twenties years, Cui Zhishang be first born with document [1] (p84) in point out：' in color comparison temperature measurement technology
Aspect, wavelength select to be a complicated problem that it considerably increases the difficulty of color comparison temperature measurement Instrument Design.No matter from quantity or
From the point of view of in quality, the research of contrastive colours thermometric theory and practice far fewer than brightness thermometric and total radiation thermometric research '.Similar
Viewpoint is not also common fresh in the related document of infrared temperature-test technology.
Be also document [2] (p7) in seriously point out：' radiometric error is very big, can reach 1% error just
It is considered very accurate.This also can only be in operation extreme care, the Element Technology testing standard for being adopted and above-mentioned error ten
Divide and be can be only achieved under conditions of matching.It is generally acknowledged that；10% or slightly bigger error can meet requirement, and reach this essence
Degree is also the result just having when using preferable e measurement technology '.
When the precision of radiation temperature measurement instrument reaches ± 5%, the operating process of ironmaking, process for making could be instructed.Work as survey
When warm precision reaches ± 2.5%, steel rolling line input of being just sure about it is automatic.The precision of radiation temperature measurement instrument is in use for laboratory black matrix
Radiation calibration, precision of dispatching from the factory is ± 1%.But the radiation source (such as molten steel, molten iron, rolling workpiece) on produced on-site line
It is not black matrix, the height of its radiant emissivity, in addition to relevant with radiation source itself material feature additionally depends on radiation source
Temperature.Although impact of the temperature of radiation source to emissivity is not principal element, but metal material at high temperature, its spoke
Penetrate the order of magnitude of the close accuracy class of emissivity variation with temperature rate.Just think：Before the temperature of radiation source is not also determined,
How its radiant emissivity accurately sets againObviously can not.Still more high-temperature operation is filled with water vapor absorption
Spectral radiance, the also scattering of cigarette ash flying dust in signal pathway, the interference of visible ray.Generally speaking, radiation temperature measurement instrument is not only
Cross the vase that acts as household furnishing and with.
In order to desalinate disappointment of the people to radiation temperature measurement, smelting process is also to continue with allowing technician to see fiery operation, and steel rolling is automatic
The temperature control of change is then solved by Mathematical Modeling.' automatically controlling ' expert is set up with regard to displacement, speed, sequence etc, ' space-time ' ginseng
The usual Dou Jiaqing roads of Mathematical Modeling of amount are ripe.Because temperature is intensive parameter, it has independent physical attribute, if as radiation
Temperature can not be detected like that, then it is just unable to do what one wishes that ' automatic control ' expert wants to set up temperature control Mathematical Modeling.It is with the automation of rolling just
Example；It is inevitable by being both ' steel rolling ' expert and the compound IQ of ' automatic control ' expert, the number of setting up the automation of rolling could be competent at
Learn model.No matter how outstanding Temperature control model is, and its emulation level is also only equivalent to that the blind men size up the elephant.In order to yield to rolling quality,
The cost of ' touch as ' is exactly expense energy consumption expenditure, slows down mill speed, it is impossible to as implementing automation by accurate thermometric
Conventional control is such, go transfer ' all extremely accumulate factor '.
3rd, the content of the invention：
Bathochromic shift radiation dyeing temperature measurement is the present situation had difficulty in taking a step for current radiation thermometry and researches and develops.It is with ' red
Moving-dyeing ' nonblackbody radiation is converted to black body radiation by link, be by the neutralizing that surmounts function that red shift is radiated from three-dimensional, high order
Once linear function, then the data for resolving are compared with the true temperature of the radiation source of actual measurement, it is possible to connect
So-called ' temperature true to nature ' of nearly true temperature.Experiment is proved：' temperature true to nature ' of ' red shift-dyeing ' thermometric closely radiation source
True temperature T.Its deviation delta T=(T☆-T) fluctuation, far superior to conventional radiation measurement full accuracy (± 1.0%) when
Resolving power.Its high accuracy class of ratio of precision conventional radiation thermometric, nearly equivalent in the calibration process in laboratory
The precision of normal temperature during contact thermography is carried out to radiation source.
The signal that ' red shift-dyeing ' radiation temperature measurement is received, under the domination of radiation function (1500～10000) μm * K, position
It is interval in the wave band for occupying more than 90% emittance.Conventional radiation thermometric is careless about the constraint of radiation function, the radiation of reception
Signal is located at interval less than the wave band of 5% emittance.The great disparity of its signal to noise ratio, equivalent to an order of magnitude, receive signal strong
Then mean anti-interference strong, reproduction is stable.The precision of ' red shift-dyeing ' thermometric is under the conditions of the nonblackbody radiation of simulated field
Demarcate, it has eradicated the puzzlement of setting radiant emissivity, the accuracy of temperature measurement on-line is come fully according to the rule of error propagation
Determine.
4th, illustrate：(without accompanying drawing)
5th, specific embodiment：
Infrared radiation temperature measurement device table is by optical system, photodetector, signal amplifier, signal processor and display output
Constitute Deng part.Infra-red radiation that radiation source sends, into the optical system of infrared radiation temperature measurement device table, optical system collects it
The infrared energy of target in visual field, modulated device is modulated into alternation radiation infra-red radiation, and by detector phase is transformed into
The electric signal answered, the signal is changed into measured target via amplifier and signal processor according to the built-in algorithm of instrument
Temperature value.
Bathochromic shift radiation dyeing temperature measurement detects temperature to eradicate the puzzlement of radiant emissivity, fundamentally improve radiation temperature measurement instrument
The accuracy of degree is target.In the part of composition radiation temperature measurement instrument, the part related to radiant emissivity has：1st, light electrical resistivity survey
Survey device；2nd, signal processor.Because remaining structure member is unrelated with radiant emissivity by the untouched reservation of invention, institute
Transformation is only implemented to photodetector and signal processor with Bathochromic shift radiation dyeing temperature measurement.
Implementation steps 1：Change photodetector；
If you have a two band color comparison radiation temperature measurement instrument, would you please detect two pieces of single band spectral radiance therein
Element is taken off, and then by " red shift-dyeing " specification of the principle to thermometric range, changes two pieces of light (heat) electricity detecting elements.No
Hamper by taking steel rolling process as an example, if：Rolling workpiece temperature-control range；(900～1800) K.
When being dyeed with all-wave, except need to install additional one piece of all-wave heat radiation detecting element direct detection dyeing temperature with
Outward, one piece of single band spectral radiance detecting element is also installed additional.Specification (1500 ＜ λ T ＜ to positioning wavelength are dyeed according to all-wave
10000) μm * K, it is proposed that the spectral wavelength that unicast is positioned is selected between (1.6～5.0) μm.
Wavelength X is positioned to shortwave when dyeing with two waveband, according to state parameter dyeingASpecification (1500 ＜ λAT ＜ 3000)
μm * K, shortwave should select λA=1.6 μm.Wavelength X is positioned to long-wave bandBSpecification (3000 ＜ λBT ＜ 10000) μm * K, long wave
Should be in λBSelect between=(3.4～5.0) μm.
Implementation steps 2：It is corresponding electric signal by light (heat) energy adjusting；
After photodetector is changed, its spectral wavelength changes therewith.Detector transmits the out of proportion of electro-optical signal,
The reading that instrument shows no longer represents the temperature of measured target.Therefore must be from the gain of new adjustment signal amplifier so as to temperature
The light intensity signal of tolerance journey (900～1800) K is corresponding with the electric signal of (4～20) mA [or (0～5) V].It is exactly with black
Body radiation is normal temperature, and the signal amplifier of A, B two paths is adjusted to respectively to make 900K alignment 4mA or 0V, 1800K
Alignment 20mA or 5V.
Implementation steps 3：Radiance L will be representedλThe electric signal of energy is written as positioning the brightness temperature of wavelength, is " red
Move-dyeing " link offer operational data；
It is normal temperature by black body radiation, the address code with electrical signal data as memory is deposited in each address location
Put the data of corresponding temperature.In case reading brightness temperature T of positioning wavelength when searching routine accessA；TB.When being dyeed with all-wave,
Then has be directly all the way dyeing temperature Tr, another road is brightness temperature T for positioning wavelengthλ。
Once it has been proposed that with Planck law：Solve brightness temperature Tλ.With this make a mistake kind-ripple
Er Ziman laws：Eb=σ T4Solve radiation temperature (dyeing radiation) Tr.With the proviso that must determine emittance Lλ；EbRespectively with
The functional relation of electricity volt (or electric current)：That is Tr=f (V)；And Eb=f (V).Displays temperature is solved with Mathematical Modeling, can stomach letter
Just it is accurate.Possibly Mathematical Modeling needs the support for surmounting function module, does not reach the purpose for saving single-chip microcomputer memory space, institute
Never to meet example (not seeing to be not equal to does not have)." red shift-dyeing " link indispensability of patent of the present invention surmounts function module,
So need not consider to surmount function the expense for increasing memory space.
Conventional infrared radiation temperature measurement device table is made in different poses and with different expressions under the coordination of single-chip microcomputer, without system-standard can
Energy.This patent can not put forward everybody all receptible method, and meaning is built for this：According to the existing operational procedure in laboratory, editor's measurement
Brightness temperature TλProgram, more support work as.
The advantage of Bathochromic shift radiation dyeing temperature measurement is extraordinary accurate when being its detection temperature, and it precisely depends on original number
According to it is accurate, it requires blackbody radiation temperature precision be better than ± 0.50%, it is desirable to read brightness temperature TλOr radiation temperature Tb
Number of significant digit reach 4.
Implementation steps 4：` is by the thought write-in program memory of " red shift-dyeing "；
The task of " red shift-dyeing " link is to solve for the dyeing wavelength X of red shift radiationr, dyeing temperature Tr, radiation source dye
Color temperature T0r, carry out computing given data be positioning wavelength XA、λBAnd their brightness temperature TAλ、TBλ；When being contaminated with all-wave
During color, given data be positioning wavelength X and its brightness temperature Tλ, all-wave radiate dyeing temperature T measured directlyr.Datum
According to extracting from implementation steps 3.
1st, with unicast positioning, " red shift-dyeing " link of all-wave dyeing.
Dyeing temperature TrPredicted by all-wave radiation detector, lower continuous task is to solve for dyeing wavelength XrWith radiation source
Dyeing temperature T0r。
It is known；The radiance of the λ of positioning wavelength：According to Planck law；
Lλ=C1/{πλ5[exp(C2/λTλ)-1]} (1)
Dyeing wavelength XrRadiance：
According to red shift principle：Lλ=Lr, then (1)=(2)；I.e.：
If：B=λ Tλ；br=λrTr；Then：λ=b/Tλ；λr=br/Tr；(3) formula of substitution is obtained：
B, T on the right of ∴ equatioiesλ、TrAll, it is known that ∴ b5[exp(C2/b)-1]}*(Tr/(Tλ)5For known parameter.If parameter
For B；Then：
(4) formula is unitary high order transcendental equation, the method approached can only be set with examination and is solved.Solve to 4 number of significant digit.
brSolve after coming, with λr=br/TrObtain dyeing wavelength Xr。
According to the five power theorems for waiting radiation factor temperature ratio, there is λrTr=λ T0rThe then dyeing temperature of radiation source
T0r=λrTr/λ (5)
2nd, " red shift-dyeing " link of monochromatic two waveband state parameter.
According to ' red shift-dyeing ' principle：The radiant exitance of spectrum is constant before and after dyeing；MA=MAr, MB=MBr。
Wherein；
Abbreviation；
In the same manner；
In order to solve the emittance above with respect to dyeing radiation spectrum, it is necessary to Wien equationSimplify bright gram of law of spectrum, the brightness temperature that must dye radiation is；
1、Wherein；bA=λATA；(5.3-1)
2、Wherein；bB=λBTB (5.3-2)
3rd, ∵ dyeing link is black body radiation；∴Tr=TAr=TBr。(5.3-3)
4、λAr/λA=λBr/λB；(5.3-4)
Because dyeing radiation is black body radiation, so dyeing radiation is also isothermal radiation.According to (5) formula, solve radiation source
Dyeing temperature be：T0r=λrTr/λ；Then T0r=TA0r=λArTAr/λA=TB0r=λBrTBr/λB.Again because TAr=TBr；In order to
Guarantee radiation source dyeing temperature T0rUniqueness, must have：λAr/λA=λBr/λB.Therefore, (5.3-4) formula in Simultaneous Equations
Set up.
By above equation group, from (5.3-1)～(5.3-4) with try set approximatioss simultaneous solution it, dyeing wavelength X can be solvedAr、
λBrAnd its dyeing temperature Tr.The dyeing temperature of radiation source is：T0r=TA0r=TB0r=λArTAr/λA=λBrTBr/λB。
According to the experience of patent applicant, first (5.3-1) is resolved, examination setsλ Ar =λ A (T A /T B ), calculate T Ar.Again with λBr=
λAr(λB/λA) (5.3-2) is substituted into, calculate TBr.So repeatedly in generation, calculates, and only arrivesApproximately to 4 significant figures.Experience
What is said or talked about only for programming reference..
Implementation steps 5：Ask calculation Constant of Approximation ζ (λ .T)
The follow-up work of " red shift-dyeing " temperature measuring model is exactly the dyeing temperature T for processing radiation source0rWith true temperature T's
Deviation.I.e.：Δ T=T0r-T。TIt is not necessarily under the conditions of black body radiation, surveys fairly accurate ' true ' temperature of radiation source
Degree.
The workpiece material of infrared radiation temperature will be needed, the sample of being easy to contact thermography is processed into, it is very high with accuracy class
The contact thermography instrument of (such as better than ± 0.50%), true temperature T of detection sample.With the tampered temperature measurer of step 1
Table, carry out red shift radiation temperature measurement in laboratory.Measure under red shift radiation condition, position wavelength X according to step 3A、λBBrightness temperature
Degree TA.TB, or the dyeing temperature T of all-wave radiationr, positioning wavelength X brightness temperature Tλ.Then according to " red shift-dye in step 4
The calculation procedure of color " thermometric, the dyeing wavelength X for solving red shift radiationAr、λBr、λr, dyeing temperature TrAnd radiation source (sample)
Dyeing temperature T0r。
With the step-length of temperature control range 5% or so, temperature T of regulation radiation source sample.For each stable T, must
Must timely synchronous recording TA.TB、λAr、λBr、Tr.For all-wave dyeing thermometric then records Tλ、Tr、λr.Then according in step 4
(5) formula solves the dyeing temperature T of radiation source0r.By source temperature T of each class of sample, measured data is recorded into same in type
In the form of subordinate list 2.It might as well be illustrated by taking double wave dyeing thermometric as an example.
Subordinate list 2：Tungsten light source, λA=0.9 μm, λB=2.2 μm；State parameter thermometric is noted down
1、T；The true temperature of radiation source (sample), 0.5 grade of precision, from (1600～2800) K, original recording survey to
It is fixed.
2、TA；Positioning wavelength XAWhen=0.9 μm, red shift radiation brightness temperature.
3、TB；Positioning wavelength XBWhen=2.2 μm, red shift radiation brightness temperature.
According to Planck law：Work as LAλ、LBλChanged into after electricity by detector, search program
Just T can be read from journey storage unitA、TB。
4、Tr；The dyeing temperature of state parameter temperature measuring model.Solved according to Simultaneous Equations (5.3-1)～(5.3-4).
5、λAr；Positioning wavelength XA=0.90 μm of dyeing wavelength.Solved according to Simultaneous Equations (5.3-1)～(5.3-4).
6、λBr；Positioning wavelength XB=2.2 μm of dyeing wavelength.Solved according to Simultaneous Equations (5.3-1)～(5.3-4).
7、T0r；The dyeing temperature of radiation source.According to formula (5) T0r=λrTr/ λ is solved.
8th, ζ (λ .T)=(T/T0r)i；Pinpoint constant true to nature.For every group of λA、λBTwo waveband dyeing, each unequal
Each true temperature TUnder, its (T/T0r)iIt is equal not to the utmost,
9、ζcp=∑ [ζ (λ .T)i/7]；Pinpoint the arithmetic mean of instantaneous value of constant true to nature.The fluctuation of its deviation closely, makes
Its temperature T true to nature☆Accurately enough to serve as true temperature TReading.[ζ (λ .T)] is named to be constant true to nature for this.It is red
Move radiation dyeing thermometric and do not mind its terminal constant searched numerously
10、T☆=ζcpTom(K) temperature true to nature of actual measurement.It must show reading on liquid crystal panel
11st, Δ T=(T☆-T)(K)；Deviation of the temperature true to nature to true temperature, dimension is K.
12nd, δ=Δ T/T(%)；The relative error of actual measurement.In subordinate list 2, maximum relative error be：δmax=±
0.39%.
13rd, root mean square relative error
Learn from illustration subordinate list 2 (σ=± 0.25) and subordinate list (1.3.4.....8)：The state ginseng of two waveband dyeing
Number temperature measuring model, its deviation delta T=(T☆-T) fluctuation (K) when being far smaller than actinometry full accuracy (± 1.0%) point
Distinguish power.
Implementation steps 5：Will true to nature constant ζ corresponding with sample materialcpImplant procedure memory, in case terminal shows program
Read solution.For 8 single-chip microcomputers, can the road sample materials of Yu Zhi 64 constant true to nature.Constant handbook true to nature can also be compareed, key is used
Disk is directly pre- manually to plant ζcp, its way do not limited by single-chip microcomputer digit.
Implementation steps 6：It is pre- to plant ζcpAfter, just can be with the temperature of on-line checking respective material workpiece (radiation source).
Claims (1)
1. a kind of ' red shift-dyeing ' temp measuring method, it is characterised in that：
Wave frequency is converted with red shift link：According to red shift principle, the radiance L of wavelength is positionedλThe radiance of=dyeing wavelength
Lλr, with the dyeing wavelength X that this equilibrium relationships solves dyeing radiationr；
To dye link transformation temperature：When with unicast, all-wave or with unicast, wide ripple group structure Bathochromic shift radiation dyeing temperature measurement, then entirely
All-wave radiant exitance E of ripple or wide ripplebEqual to all-wave radiant exitance E of red shift radiationh, E is solved with thisbCorresponding temperature
Dyeing temperature T is radiated for red shiftr；Or when with shortwave positioning λAλ is positioned with long waveBThe red shift of two waveband group structure radiation dyeing survey
Wen Shi, then solve the dyeing temperature T of red shift radiation with Simultaneous EquationsrWith dyeing wavelength XAr、λBr：
i、Wherein；bA=λATA (5.3-1)
ii、Wherein；bB=λBTB (5.3-2)
It is isothermal that iii, ∵ dye link for black body radiation, ∴ Tr=TAr=TBr (5.3-3)
Iv, due to radiation source dyeing also be black body radiation, be ensure its temperature uniqueness, it is necessary to assume：
λAr/λA=λBr/λB (5.3-4)
Wherein；TAr、TBrTo position wavelength XA、λBCorresponding dyeing temperature, TA、TBRespectively λA、λBThe brightness temperature for detecting；
To wait 5 power theorems of radiation factor temperature ratio, solve the dyeing temperature T of radiation source0：That is λ T0r=λrTr：In equation；λ
To position wavelength；λr、TrRespectively dye the dyeing wavelength and dyeing temperature of radiation；T0r=λrTr/λ；
The positioning wavelength X of detector is selected to the specification of wavelength with radiation function f (λ T)：Radiation function f (λ T) is to wavelength
Specification is 1500 μm of * K ＜ λ Tλ10000 μm of * K of ＜；Wherein TλFor the detection temperature of λ.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101034010A (en) * | 2007-02-15 | 2007-09-12 | 武汉钢铁(集团)公司 | Contacting/non-contacting molten metal high temperature measuring apparatus and measuring method |
| CN101144742A (en) * | 2006-09-13 | 2008-03-19 | 中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所 | Metal powder laser forming process temperature field detection method and its systematic device |
| CN201163217Y (en) * | 2007-12-29 | 2008-12-10 | 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 | Strip steel temperature measuring equipment in stove |
-
2011
- 2011-06-02 CN CN201110146719.2A patent/CN102353460B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101144742A (en) * | 2006-09-13 | 2008-03-19 | 中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所 | Metal powder laser forming process temperature field detection method and its systematic device |
| CN101034010A (en) * | 2007-02-15 | 2007-09-12 | 武汉钢铁(集团)公司 | Contacting/non-contacting molten metal high temperature measuring apparatus and measuring method |
| CN201163217Y (en) * | 2007-12-29 | 2008-12-10 | 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 | Strip steel temperature measuring equipment in stove |
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