CN102353363A - Mercury horizontal reference apparatus - Google Patents
Mercury horizontal reference apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN102353363A CN102353363A CN2011101702084A CN201110170208A CN102353363A CN 102353363 A CN102353363 A CN 102353363A CN 2011101702084 A CN2011101702084 A CN 2011101702084A CN 201110170208 A CN201110170208 A CN 201110170208A CN 102353363 A CN102353363 A CN 102353363A
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- leveling
- quicksilver horizon
- pedestal
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Abstract
The invention provides a design method for horizontal reference and an apparatus thereof and enables designing and selecting of a horizontal reference platform to be realized and an unrealizable technical problem in background technology to be solved. According to the invention, the physical properties of mercury that mercury is in a liquid state at normal temperature and has a high density and a great buoyancy force are utilized, which enables the surface of a planar mirror floating on mercury to be parallel to a horizontal plane, thereby achieving the purpose of selecting a horizontal reference plane. The invention has the obvious advantages of high precision, high reliability, small volume, simple construction, convenient fabrication, installation and debugging, etc.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of level reference apparatus, be specifically related to a kind of quicksilver horizon level reference apparatus.
Background technology
In the precision measurement field of measuring techniques; The application of level reference apparatus is very extensive; And employed horizontal reference be influence system performance and technical indicator one of key factor; Yet in its design process; Because the not absolute level of surface level and the instability of level reference apparatus; Measuring error is produced material impact, thereby influence measuring accuracy.
The conventional horizontal benchmark is platform compass and Inertial navigation platform, but owing to cycle coupling and long-time acceleration all need utilize the reasons such as stability of gyro to make its volume big, and cost an arm and a leg.
Summary of the invention
For solving the problem that level reference apparatus exists in the background technology, a kind of quicksilver horizon level reference apparatus has been proposed, have high precision, high reliability, advantages of simple structure and simple, overcome the deficiency of traditional level reference apparatus effectively.
Technical scheme of the present invention is following:
The quicksilver horizon level reference apparatus comprises quicksilver horizon and quicksilver horizon base, fills mercury in the quicksilver horizon and floats on the horizontal reference platform on the mercury, and said horizontal reference platform is limited in the horizontal direction; The uncovered end face of quicksilver horizon is by sheet glass and the sealing of sheet glass seat; Said horizontal reference platform comprises the leveling pedestal and is fixed in the plane mirror on the leveling pedestal; The center of gravity line of leveling pedestal and plane mirror is a gravity direction, is evenly distributed with three along the upper portion side wall circumference of leveling pedestal and is mutually 120 ° of circle distribution or four leveling knobs that are mutually 90 ° of circle distribution; Said quicksilver horizon and leveling pedestal all adopt not the material with mercury generation amalgam effect to make.The opening end face seal of quicksilver horizon makes instrument avoid dust and under impact effect, avoids mercury to reveal.
Above-mentioned leveling pedestal and plane mirror all are round symmetrical structure and the vertical central lines of the two, and plane mirror is embedded in the center pit of leveling pedestal indent.
Above-mentioned quicksilver horizon adopts cast iron, steel, tungsten, platinum or tantalum material to make; Perhaps adopt copper or duralumin material, the part that contacts with mercury at the quicksilver horizon inside surface that adopts copper or duralumin material is coated with the platinum film simultaneously.Because the amalgam effect can take place in mercury and most metal; And get along well iron, tungsten, platinum, tantalum metal reaction; So adopt top four kinds of material with leveling pedestal and quicksilver horizon that mercury directly contacts; And iron is softer; Hardness is not enough, so just can adopt cast iron, steel, we are through experimental verification; Because the amalgam effect does not take place, so mercury can not be adsorbed on the surface of above material yet.And copper, duralumin promptly also can reach requirement of experiment on the stability of material on hardness, but copper, aluminum meeting and mercury reacts, thus when adopting these two kinds of materials, with face that mercury contacts on coating platinum film get final product.
In like manner, above-mentioned leveling pedestal also adopts cast iron, steel, tungsten, platinum or tantalum material to make; Perhaps adopt copper or duralumin material, the part that contacts with mercury at the leveling pedestal outside surface that adopts copper or duralumin material is coated with the platinum film simultaneously.
The bottom surface of above-mentioned sheet glass seat fixedly is evenly equipped with four limited posts that stretch out downwards, in order to spacing horizontal reference platform moving in the horizontal direction.
Above-mentioned sheet glass seat in the uncovered end face and the glue envelope of quicksilver horizon, certainly, also can carry out the glue envelope with other known approaches according to the concrete form of sheet glass seat through trim ring, screw retention; In general, sheet glass is embedded in the center pit of sheet glass seat.
Be provided with shock attenuation device between above-mentioned quicksilver horizon and the quicksilver horizon base, the quicksilver horizon base adopts tripod leveling structure and is provided with observable leveling bubble.
Above-mentioned quicksilver horizon base is made up of coarse adjustment Connection Block and coarse adjustment pedestal; Quicksilver horizon places the coarse adjustment Connection Block, places the yielding rubber pad between the two, and the quicksilver horizon bottom is connected with the coarse adjustment Connection Block through damping spring, screw, spring shim; The coarse adjustment Connection Block is placed the coarse adjustment pedestal, and the coarse adjustment pedestal adopts tripod leveling structure, and the leveling bubble is set on it.
In order to increase damping; Make the leveling pedestal on mercury, be easier to keep stablizing and not rocking; The bottom area of said leveling pedestal is bigger than the sectional area of its main body; Be that the leveling pedestal can be considered by the main part on top and the base part of bottom and forms; The floorage of base part preferably makes the scope of the floorage of base part greater than said limited post formation greater than the sectional area of main part in the design.
Use the method for above-mentioned quicksilver horizon level reference apparatus to the plane mirror leveling; Mainly be through being positioned at the outside pentaprism of quicksilver horizon level reference apparatus and the observation and the measurement of autocollimation theodolite; Regulate the leveling knob on the leveling pedestal, plane mirror is transferred to horizontality.
Above-mentioned pentaprism is positioned at directly over the plane mirror, and said autocollimation theodolite and pentaprism are positioned at sustained height; The leveling pedestal is rotated to a plurality of states in surface level, repeatedly measure and leveling, to guarantee precision.
Because plane mirror is embedded in the leveling pedestal; And be glued together; Through direct rotation leveling pedestal rotary plane reflecting mirror indirectly just; Mainly be when measuring with the autocollimation theodolite aiming; It once can only survey the orientation values of a direction; Such as pitching and horizontal direction rotate to a plurality of states with it and be meant and rotate to different angles, promptly measures the orientation values of a plurality of angles.
The present invention compares with prior art and has the following advantages:
1) volume is little, makes simply, and Installation and Debugging are convenient.Horizontal reference stage apparatus of the present invention is made up of plane mirror and leveling pedestal, after the two is installed, directly is positioned on the mercury, can realize the level of reference platform through regulating levelling bolt on the leveling pedestal, installs simple, easy to adjust.
2) precision is high, good reliability, and inexpensive.The present invention utilizes mercury to be liquid state and the bigger physical property of the higher buoyancy of density at normal temperatures; Can both guarantee that the mercury surface is absolute horizon no matter be in which kind of dress attitude; And then the surface that guarantees plane mirror is that the horizontal reference stage apparatus is in horizontality; Ensured levelness; And the horizontal reference stage apparatus places the quicksilver horizon base; Can make the accurate level of device through regulating the quicksilver horizon base in the use, its device and the horizontal accuracy when using just can be guaranteed like this.Experiment finds that horizontal reference precision of the present invention can reach 2 ".
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a level reference apparatus synoptic diagram of the present invention (cut-open view);
Fig. 2 is a level reference apparatus side view of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a horizontal reference stage apparatus vertical view of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is horizontal reference stage apparatus levelling principle figure of the present invention.
Drawing reference numeral explanation: 1-quicksilver horizon; 2-mercury; 3-leveling pedestal; The 4-plane mirror; 5-sheet glass; 6-sheet glass seat; 7-yielding rubber pad; 8-coarse adjustment pedestal; 9-leveling bubble; The 10-protective cover; The 11-trim ring; 12-coarse adjustment Connection Block; The 13-limited post; The 14-damping spring; The 15-screw; The 16-spring shim; 31,32,33-levelling bolt (leveling turn-knob); The 341-pentaprism; The 342-autocollimation theodolite.
Embodiment
The present invention is that the horizontal reference stage apparatus that will comprise plane mirror places on the mercury; Utilize mercury to be liquid state and the bigger character of the higher buoyancy of density at normal temperatures; The plane reflection lens device floats over the mercury surface; Through leveling; The normal of plane mirror and quicksilver water surface normal parallel, the upper surface of plane mirror is the reference field of horizontal reference like this.Task of the present invention realizes through following scheme: quicksilver horizon 1, mercury 2, leveling pedestal 3; Plane mirror 4, sheet glass 5, sheet glass seat 6; Yielding rubber pad 7, coarse adjustment pedestal 8, leveling bubble 9; Sheet glass protective cover 10, trim ring 11, coarse adjustment Connection Block 12; Limited post 13, damping spring 14, screw 15; Spring shim 16, levelling bolt 31,32,33.
Concrete grammar comprises:
1) plane mirror 4 is placed among the leveling pedestal 3, and gummed, the two constitutes the horizontal reference stage apparatus jointly, and the plane mirror 4 and the leveling pedestal 3 that are designed are round symmetrical structure, and its center of gravity is on the vertical straight line in center of device under the theoretical case;
2) mercury 2 is poured in the quicksilver horizon 1, utilized mercury 2 to be liquid state and the bigger character of the higher buoyancy of density at normal temperatures, leveling pedestal 3 is placed on the mercury 2, leveling pedestal 3 just floats on mercury 2 surfaces like this;
3) in fact; Because leveling pedestal 3 and the influence pockety of plane mirror 4 sole masses; Be that center of gravity is not on the vertical straight line in center of device; And the unholiness mercury 2 that causes in surface is different with the infiltration of leveling pedestal 3 contact positions; Plane mirror 4 surfaces that cause being placed in one are not that surface level is parallel with mercury 2 liquid surfaces; There is angle in plane mirror 4 surfaces when causing actual use then with surface level; Cause error; Use autocollimation theodolite; Plane of vision catoptron 4 departs from the attitude of horizontal direction; Regulate the levelling bolt 31 on the leveling pedestal 3; 32; 33, make the surface of plane mirror 4 parallel with surface level;
4) cause the influence of mercury outflow in order to make device avoid dust or collision, sheet glass 5 usefulness trim rings 11 are placed sheet glass seat 6, be screwed,, also prevented the harm of the human body that mercury volatilizees simultaneously with the glue sealing in the upper surface of quicksilver horizon 1.Wherein sheet glass seat 6 around be evenly equipped with the limited post 13 of four 90 ° of circle distribution; Limited post 13 stretches out downwards; Be distributed in the outside of leveling pedestal 3; Play the effect of moving significantly in leveling pedestal 3 in the horizontal direction of preventing; Because it is working range that plane mirror 4 has certain area, thereby the mobile by a small margin concrete use that does not then influence this device of leveling pedestal 3; In order to increase damping; Make the leveling pedestal on mercury, be easier to keep stablizing and not rocking; The bottom area of said leveling pedestal is bigger than the sectional area of its main body; Be that the leveling pedestal can be considered by the main part on top and the base part of bottom and forms; The floorage of base part is greater than the sectional area of main part; Like Fig. 1, preferably make the scope of the floorage of base part in the design greater than said limited post formation.
5) quicksilver horizon 1 is placed coarse adjustment Connection Block 12; Place yielding rubber pad 7 between the two; Quicksilver horizon 1 bottom is connected with coarse adjustment Connection Block 12 through damping spring 14, screw 15, spring shim 16; The shock attenuation device of Gou Chenging just can be when running into foreign impacts or vibrations like this; Holding device is in steady state (SS), guarantees precision;
6) coarse adjustment Connection Block 12 is placed coarse adjustment pedestal 8; Because coarse adjustment pedestal 8 adopts tripod leveling structure; Which is provided with high precision leveling bubble 9; So just can make whole device transfer to the ideal operation state; When not using during this device; Protective cover 10 is enclosed within on the sheet glass seat 6, plays the effect of protection sheet glass 5.Tripod pillar through regulating the quicksilver horizon base makes whole device be in horizontality, but mainly is that sheet glass is horizontal, and need not pull down the sheet glass seat so when in use, has also prevented the harm of mercury volatilization to the people.The reference unit of sheet glass leveling is leveling bubble 9.
Visible by top concrete grammar; The present invention utilizes mercury to be liquid state and the bigger physical property of the higher buoyancy of density at normal temperatures; For position leveling pedestal 3 thereon; The steel making of amalgam effect does not take place in employing of the present invention and mercury; So just can guarantee that leveling pedestal 3 is not subjected to that mercury liquid is adsorbing to be influenced; When running into foreign impacts and vibration, this device is easier to keep stable.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing horizontal reference method for designing of the present invention and device thereof are carried out detailed explanation.
Fig. 1 is a level reference apparatus synoptic diagram of the present invention; Fig. 2 is a level reference apparatus side view of the present invention; Fig. 3 is a horizontal reference stage apparatus vertical view of the present invention.Find out that by figure this level reference apparatus comprises quicksilver horizon 1, mercury 2; Leveling pedestal 3, plane mirror 4, sheet glass 5; Sheet glass seat 6, yielding rubber pad 7, coarse adjustment pedestal 8; Leveling bubble 9, protective cover 10, trim ring 11; Coarse adjustment Connection Block 12, limited post 13, damping spring 14; Screw 15, spring shim 16, levelling bolt 31,32,33.Leveling pedestal 3 places on the mercury 2 with the plane mirror 4 common horizontal reference stage apparatus of forming; Mercury 2 places quicksilver horizon 1; Sheet glass 5 is placed sheet glass seat 6; Be screwed in the upper surface of quicksilver horizon 1, the limited post 13 that is evenly equipped with four 90 ° of circle distribution around the sheet glass seat 6 stretches out downwards; Quicksilver horizon 1 is placed coarse adjustment Connection Block 12, place yielding rubber pad 7 in the middle of the two, damping spring 14 is passed through in the bottom, screw 15, and spring shim 16 links to each other; Coarse adjustment Connection Block 12 is placed coarse adjustment pedestal 8, observe the leveling bubble 9 on the coarse adjustment pedestal 8, regulate the tripod leveling structure of coarse adjustment pedestal 8, make whole device be in horizontality.Can be found out that by Fig. 3 the horizontal reference stage apparatus is round symmetrical structure, plane mirror 4 is embedded in the leveling pedestal 3, the two vertical central lines, three levelling bolts 31,32,33 be in leveling pedestal 3 around, be 120 ° of circle distribution.
Fig. 4 is horizontal reference stage apparatus levelling principle figure of the present invention.Wherein 341 is pentaprism, and 342 is autocollimation theodolite.Leveling comprises following step:
1) the horizontal reference stage apparatus is positioned on the mercury 2, pentaprism 341 is positioned over the top of plane mirror 4, autocollimation theodolite 342 place with pentaprism 341 sustained heights on;
2) treat that the horizontal reference stage apparatus is stable after; With autocollimation theodolite 342 leveling; The laser beam of being sent by autocollimation theodolite 342 is through the upper surface of the light path turnover effect directive plane mirror 4 of pentaprism 342; Plane mirror 4 returns this light beam back reflection to pentaprism 341; Through pentaprism 341 autocollimation theodolite 342 is received once more; Can record like this plane mirror 4 at the position angle of a steady state (SS) q; If plane mirror 4 is in the abswolute level state; Then q=0 °; In fact there are a pitch angle a in the upper surface of plane mirror 4 and surface level; The q=2a that this moment, autocollimation theodolite 342 was measured; Through regulating the levelling bolt 31 on the leveling pedestal 3; 32; 33; Q=0 ° of measuring until autocollimation theodolite 342 of observation just transfers to horizontality with plane mirror 4;
3) plane mirror 4 is rotated to a plurality of states in surface level, repeatedly measure and leveling, to guarantee precision.
Operating personnel can be with muzzle gloves or respirator to prevent the toxic hazard of water silver volatilization during the leveling operation; Treat just sheet glass seat and sheet glass to be placed the quicksilver horizon top after the leveling operation is accomplished; With screw and glue sealing; So just prevent the volatilization of mercury and spilt, also made the influence of horizontal reference platform dust.
Claims (10)
1. the quicksilver horizon level reference apparatus is characterized in that: comprise quicksilver horizon and quicksilver horizon base, fill mercury in the quicksilver horizon and float on the horizontal reference platform on the mercury that said horizontal reference platform is limited in the horizontal direction; The uncovered end face of quicksilver horizon is by sheet glass and the sealing of sheet glass seat; Said horizontal reference platform comprises the leveling pedestal and is fixed in the plane mirror on the leveling pedestal; The center of gravity line of leveling pedestal and plane mirror is a gravity direction, is evenly distributed with three along the upper portion side wall circumference of leveling pedestal and is mutually 120 ° of circle distribution or four leveling knobs that are mutually 90 ° of circle distribution; Said quicksilver horizon and leveling pedestal all adopt not the material with mercury generation amalgam effect to make.
2. quicksilver horizon level reference apparatus according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said leveling pedestal and plane mirror all are round symmetrical structure and the vertical central lines of the two, and plane mirror is embedded in the center pit of leveling pedestal indent.
3. quicksilver horizon level reference apparatus according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said quicksilver horizon adopts cast iron, steel, tungsten, platinum or tantalum material to make; Perhaps adopt copper or duralumin material, the part that contacts with mercury at the quicksilver horizon inside surface that adopts copper or duralumin material is coated with the platinum film simultaneously.
4. quicksilver horizon level reference apparatus according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said leveling pedestal adopts cast iron, steel, tungsten, platinum or tantalum material to make; Perhaps adopt copper or duralumin material, the part that contacts with mercury at the leveling pedestal outside surface that adopts copper or duralumin material is coated with the platinum film simultaneously.
5. quicksilver horizon level reference apparatus according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the bottom surface of sheet glass seat fixedly is evenly equipped with four limited posts that stretch out downwards, in order to spacing horizontal reference platform moving in the horizontal direction.
6. quicksilver horizon level reference apparatus according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the uncovered end face and the glue envelope of quicksilver horizon, sheet glass is embedded in the center pit of sheet glass seat to said sheet glass seat through trim ring, screw retention.
7. according to the arbitrary described quicksilver horizon level reference apparatus of claim 1 to 6, it is characterized in that: be provided with shock attenuation device between said quicksilver horizon and the quicksilver horizon base, the quicksilver horizon base adopts tripod leveling structure and is provided with observable leveling bubble.
8. quicksilver horizon level reference apparatus according to claim 7 is characterized in that: said quicksilver horizon base is made up of coarse adjustment Connection Block and coarse adjustment pedestal; Quicksilver horizon places the coarse adjustment Connection Block, places the yielding rubber pad between the two, and the quicksilver horizon bottom is connected with the coarse adjustment Connection Block through damping spring, screw, spring shim; The coarse adjustment Connection Block is placed the coarse adjustment pedestal, and the coarse adjustment pedestal adopts tripod leveling structure, and the leveling bubble is set on it.
9. use the method for quicksilver horizon level reference apparatus as claimed in claim 1 to the plane mirror leveling; Mainly be through being positioned at the outside pentaprism of quicksilver horizon level reference apparatus and the observation and the measurement of autocollimation theodolite; Regulate the leveling knob on the leveling pedestal, plane mirror is transferred to horizontality.
10. the method for leveling according to claim 9, it is characterized in that: said pentaprism is positioned at directly over the plane mirror, and said autocollimation theodolite and pentaprism are positioned at sustained height; The leveling pedestal is rotated to a plurality of states in surface level, repeatedly measure and leveling, to guarantee precision.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201110170208 CN102353363B (en) | 2011-06-23 | 2011-06-23 | Mercury horizontal reference apparatus |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201110170208 CN102353363B (en) | 2011-06-23 | 2011-06-23 | Mercury horizontal reference apparatus |
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| CN102353363A true CN102353363A (en) | 2012-02-15 |
| CN102353363B CN102353363B (en) | 2013-09-25 |
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| CN 201110170208 Active CN102353363B (en) | 2011-06-23 | 2011-06-23 | Mercury horizontal reference apparatus |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105973192A (en) * | 2016-05-14 | 2016-09-28 | 平顶山学院 | Aerial survey meter for mountain-based vegetation zones and vertical vegetation zones |
| CN107462262A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2017-12-12 | 东莞欧达电子有限公司 | A kind of air level debugging apparatus of laser alignment equipment |
| CN110242843A (en) * | 2019-07-22 | 2019-09-17 | 朱建华 | A kind of improved engineering mapping surveying instrument positioning device |
| CN110319820A (en) * | 2019-06-19 | 2019-10-11 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | A kind of level reference apparatus and its leveling method using low-melting alloy |
| CN110865466A (en) * | 2019-11-15 | 2020-03-06 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Device and method for calibrating levelness of plane mirror |
| CN111288976A (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2020-06-16 | 合肥潜望镜机械科技有限公司 | Measuring device for building engineering |
| CN111426334A (en) * | 2020-03-25 | 2020-07-17 | 中船九江精达科技股份有限公司 | Method and device for realizing high-precision horizontal reference leveling of working table top |
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| US4327582A (en) * | 1980-07-23 | 1982-05-04 | Eich Arnold M | Liquid wheel balancer |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105973192A (en) * | 2016-05-14 | 2016-09-28 | 平顶山学院 | Aerial survey meter for mountain-based vegetation zones and vertical vegetation zones |
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| CN107462262A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2017-12-12 | 东莞欧达电子有限公司 | A kind of air level debugging apparatus of laser alignment equipment |
| CN110319820A (en) * | 2019-06-19 | 2019-10-11 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | A kind of level reference apparatus and its leveling method using low-melting alloy |
| CN110242843A (en) * | 2019-07-22 | 2019-09-17 | 朱建华 | A kind of improved engineering mapping surveying instrument positioning device |
| CN110242843B (en) * | 2019-07-22 | 2020-09-25 | 朱建华 | Improved mapping instrument positioning device for engineering mapping |
| CN110865466A (en) * | 2019-11-15 | 2020-03-06 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Device and method for calibrating levelness of plane mirror |
| CN111288976A (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2020-06-16 | 合肥潜望镜机械科技有限公司 | Measuring device for building engineering |
| CN111426334A (en) * | 2020-03-25 | 2020-07-17 | 中船九江精达科技股份有限公司 | Method and device for realizing high-precision horizontal reference leveling of working table top |
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|---|---|
| CN102353363B (en) | 2013-09-25 |
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