Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae extracts anthocyanidin and comprehensive utilization method
Technical field
The invention belongs to natural pigment extractive technique field, relate to a kind of Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae and extract anthocyanidin and comprehensive utilization method.
Background technology
Along with people have had darker understanding to synthetic colour hazardness; The raising of quality of life; Back to nature, advocate natural pigment and be willing to be accepted by the human consumer; Though natural pigment is limited by processing conditions; Price is more expensive; But, have Nutrition and health care and be worth the natural pigment promise well because of its Nantural non-toxic.Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae (Ipomoes batatas) is claimed purple sweet potato, purple sweet potato again, is morning glory.Contain Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae pigment, starch, protein, sticking many sticking and metallic elements etc. in the Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae piece root.Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae pigment (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) is claimed anthocyanidin (anthocyanins) again, and anthocyanidin is one of main pigment that constitutes petal and fruit color.The Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae pigment belongs to cyanidin(e); Mainly be present in the vacuole of Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae cell; Its main ingredient is cyanidin and p(a)eonidin; Be the anthocyan pigment; Be a kind of water colo(u)r, content is 2-3 times of anthocyanidin content in red cabbage and the Radix Dauci Sativae, and not only color and luster is pure; Stability is better than pigments such as careless battalion, grape, purple perilla, red cabbage, and has stronger thermotolerance and photostabilization.The Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae pigment can change color along with the soda acid of enchylema.It is then red partially that enchylema is acidity, and it is then blue partially that enchylema is alkalescence.Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae can both be planted in the most areas of China, is the natural food colour source of important, wide material sources.Say from chemical structure; Such pigment has important physical active function such as anti-oxidant, anti-mutation, antitumour activity; Have the protection liver, improve liver function; Reduce transgenation; Suppress the generation of carcinogen; Improve eyesight, effects such as preventing cardiovascular disease are one type of functional food additive and protective foods base-materials that has future.The basic structural unit of anthocyanidin is 2 one phenyl benzopyrane type positively charged ion, i.e. pattern primitives.Existing known cyanine have kind more than 20, mainly is present in the plant.The basic structural unit of anthocyanidin is 2 one phenyl benzopyrane type positively charged ion, i.e. pattern primitives.Chemical structural formula is:
The stability of Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae anthocyanidin in beverage surpasses commercially available food dye, and anthocyanidin is all allowed it to be used for food color by most countries like China, Japan, the U.S. and EU member country etc.Be widely used in beverage, candy, jelly and the jam.
Sweet potato contains a large amount of mucus; It is the mixture of mucopolysaccharide and collagen; Japan medical university river former crowd professor points out: glue polysaccharide can improve the immunologic function of human body; Strengthen resistance against diseases; And keep arterial vascular elasticity; Prevent the adesmosis of liver, kidney, the generation of collagenosiss such as preventing heart disease, nephropathy, hypertension, neuropathy, rheumatosis and sacroiliitis.Genic nucleic acid such as the sperm of human body and ovum are mucosubstance just, and materials such as mucopolysaccharide of visible sweet potato and collagen are the base substance of life just.Human body from the oral cavity to stomach and intestine Digestive tract and from the nasal cavity to the tracheae, the respiratory system of the lobe of the lung, and urogenital system, its surface all covers by being full of mucous mucous membrane, in case mucus reduces, just causes the inflammation and the canceration of each organ easily.Play the glue polysaccharide material of such vital role for life, be rice, face, chicken, duck, fish, meat can't supply with, and sweet potato is very abundant.
Sweet potato matter content is 6%, contains 8 kinds of indispensable amino acid ratios near the protein standard of international food and agricultural organization (FAO), so the protein utilization rate of sweet potato is up to 72%, and the Sunlover 10 utilization ratio is 57%, and the fine flour protein utilization rate is 52%.This experiment showed, that sweet potato root tuber albumen is better than casein U.S.'s crin, illustrates that the mass ratio of sweet potato is higher.Saliva Orthana wherein, glycoprotein all has nourishing function.
At present, the working method of Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae anthocyanidin mainly contains: Hydrocerol A acidifying aqueous extraction method, acidifying alcohol extraction method, enzyme process, ultrasonic wave and pulsed electrical field.Above-mentioned preceding two kinds of solvent method extraction processes are simple, but the pigment extraction yield is low, need extracted many times, finished product purity is low, and the look valency is low; External salt acidifying methyl alcohol, sulfuric acid, acetate or the aqueous hydrochloric acid of adopting extracts more; Domestic Hydrocerol A, aqueous hydrochloric acid and the acidifying ethanol of then adopting is as extracting solution.Ultrasonic wave and pulsed electrical field method can be destroyed cell walls and cytolemma effectively, improve histiocytic perviousness, shorten extraction time, improve the anthocyanidin yield, improve the quality of product.Yet, in the courses of processing such as extraction and purifying, tending to take place a large amount of losses of natural anthocyanidin, facility investment is big.Enzyme process then is that the production cycle is long, and occupied ground is many.At present, the production of Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae anthocyanidin also has a problem, is that high-quality starch has become the raw material of producing alcohol, and polysaccharide and protein more can not obtain utilizing.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to extract the problem that exists in the anthocyanidin technology to existing Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae; Adopt economy, safe and effective method to extract the anthocyanidin product; And extraction obtains starch, protein and mucopolysaccharide product; Improve the added value of Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae, for the comprehensive utilization of characteristic Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae provides a kind of Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae to extract anthocyanidin and comprehensive utilization method.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
1, because Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae in the slurry process to the concentrating under reduced pressure, is broken the meticulous locellus of Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae cell after cleaning, its anthocyanidin directly is exposed in the enzyme in air and the cell juice, is prone to cause oxygenolysis, therefore, can destroy some anthocyanidin.The present technique scheme in the operation to the concentrating under reduced pressure, all adopts weak acid protection anthocyanidin, thereby improves quality and the yield that Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae extracts anthocyanidin after cleaning.
2, because present in the production of Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae anthocyanidin, the employing slaking is pulled an oar or fermentation, and fine Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae starch has become the raw material of producing alcohol, and fine mucopolysaccharide and albumen also are not fully utilized.The present technique scheme is after cleaning in the operation to the concentrating under reduced pressure; All adopt normal-temperature operation; Effectively protect ative starch, and control proteinic pH value and adopt ultra-filtration membrane isolation technique efficient recovery protein and mucopolysaccharide product, thereby improve the comprehensive utilization value that Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae extracts anthocyanidin.
The present invention is achieved in that
A kind of Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae extracts anthocyanidin and comprehensive utilization method; Comprise cleaning, fragmentation, making beating, filtration, absorption, wash-out and enrichment process; It is characterized in that: after Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae is cleaned; Immersion under weak acid and normal temperature condition, broken and making beating separate the potato slag, the natural sedimentation of slurry solution; Get that the upper strata anthocyanidin aqueous solution once filters, secondary filtration and membrane filtration; Filtering solution is through absorption, and the organic solvent wash-out obtains cream attitude anthocyanidin product by the ordinary method concentrating under reduced pressure; Cream attitude anthocyanidin is done behaviour by ordinary method, pulverizes and sieve to obtain solid-state anthocyanidin product; Deposition and filtering starch are done behaviour through washing by ordinary method, pulverize and sieve to obtain starch product; Mother liquor is handled and is sent fragmentation and pulping process with upper solution, and lower floor's colloidal sol is done behaviour through concentrating under reduced pressure by ordinary method, pulverizes and sieve to obtain protein and mucopolysaccharide product; Isolated water or mother liquor or organic solvent reclaim and use in the said operation, and waste residue prepares feed and fertilizer by ordinary method.
Above-described cleaning adopts the squirrel-cage cleaning machine to clean earlier, further cleans at rinse bath then.
Above-described weak acid adopts one or more mixtures in lemon Hydrocerol A, acetate and the formic acid, and control is soaked, pH value broken and making beating solution is 4.0-4.5.
Above-described normal temperature in the operation after cleaning to the concentrating under reduced pressure, all adopts normal-temperature operation.
The screw rod crusher in crushing is adopted in above-described fragmentation.
Above-described once filtration adopts bent net extrusion machine to filter.
Above-described secondary filtration adopts whizzer to filter.
Above-described membrane filtration adopts ultrafiltration membrance filter.
Above-described mother liquor is handled, and controls the pH value 4.0-4.2 of solution earlier, controls the pH value 4.4-4.5 of solution after the filtration again.
Macroporous resin adsorption is adopted in above-described absorption, and flow velocity is 1250-1300L/h.
Above-described wash-out; Be after having adsorbed filtered liquid; Adopt the purified water washing earlier; Be washed till till the effluent liquid clarification; And then to adopt concentration be one or more aqueous mixtures in organic solvent ethanol, methyl alcohol, propyl carbinol and the acetone of 55-60%; Add weak acid, the acid concentration 0.1-0.2% wash-out of control elutriant.
Above-described concentrating adopted concentrating under reduced pressure, and controlled temperature is at 60-65 ℃, and concentrated solution is controlled at the 15-16 degree Beaume.
Advantage of the present invention and positively effect:
1, technical scheme of the present invention in the operation to the concentrating under reduced pressure, all adopts weak acid protection anthocyanidin, thereby improves quality and the yield that Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae extracts anthocyanidin after cleaning.Overcome because Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae in the operation to the concentrating under reduced pressure, is broken the meticulous locellus of Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae cell after cleaning, its anthocyanidin directly is exposed in the enzyme in air and the cell juice, is prone to cause oxygenolysis, destroy the chemical structure problem of some anthocyanidin.
2, technical scheme of the present invention in the operation to the concentrating under reduced pressure, all adopts normal-temperature operation after cleaning, effectively protects ative starch, and efficient recovery albumen and mucopolysaccharide product, thereby improves the comprehensive utilization that Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae extracts anthocyanidin.Overcome at present in the production of Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae anthocyanidin, adopted slaking making beating or fermentation, fine Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae starch has become the raw material of producing alcohol, and fine mucopolysaccharide and albumen also are not fully utilized.
3, technical scheme of the present invention is controlled proteinic pH value and is adopted the ultra-filtration membrane isolation technique, reclaims crude protein and mucopolysaccharide, and the product yield is high, good product quality.
4, Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae extracts anthocyanidin and comprehensive utilization method; Can protect anthocyanidin effectively; Reduce the loss in the leaching process; It is simple to have overcome existing solvent method extraction process; The pigment extraction yield is low, finished product purity is low; The technical quality problems that the look valency is low; Produce albumen and mucopolysaccharide product simultaneously; Isolated water of each operation or mother liquor or organic solvent reclaim just usefulness, reduce chemical reagent and water consumption, improve the product yield; Waste residue is as feed and fertilizer; Obtain comprehensive utilization, improved the added value of Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae, economic benefit, social benefit and environmental benefit are better.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae extracts anthocyanidin and comprehensive utilization method, is to extract Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae anthocyanidin, Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae starch, protein and mucopolysaccharide product respectively:
One, the preparation of Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae anthocyanidin product
Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae is dropped into the squirrel-cage cleaning machine clean, further clean at rinse bath then.To clean the back Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae and drop into soak at room temperature in the soaking compartment, add Hydrocerol A weak acid, control soaking solution pH value 4.0-4.5.To soak Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae and drop in the screw rod crusher, and add simultaneously and reclaim mother liquor or the fragmentation of water normal temperature, through the making beating of hollander normal temperature, control making beating pH value of solution value 4.0-4.5, it is subsequent use to separate the potato slag, with the slurries natural sedimentation.Get the upper strata anthocyanidin aqueous solution and add bent net extrusion machine and carry out the first time and filter, it is subsequent use to separate the thick starch of Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae.Filtered liquid is filtered with whizzer again and carry out the filtration second time, it is subsequent use to separate the thick starch of Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae.Carry out membrane filtration through twice filtering filtered liquid with ultra-filtration membrane, it is subsequent use to reclaim crude protein and mucopolysaccharide, and then uses macroporous resin adsorption, control flow velocity 1250L/h.After having adsorbed filtered liquid; The purified water washing desorb of the employing speed 2000L/h of elder generation; Be washed till till the effluent liquid clarification; Adopting concentration then is the machine etoh solvent aqueous solution of 55-60%; The acid concentration 0.1-0.2% that adds Hydrocerol A controlling machine solvent carries out wash-out; Elutriant is at temperature 60-65 ℃ concentrating under reduced pressure, and concentrated solution is controlled at the 15-16 degree Beaume and obtains cream attitude anthocyanidin product.Cream attitude anthocyanidin is done behaviour by ordinary method, pulverizes and sieve to obtain solid-state anthocyanidin product.
Two, the preparation of Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae starch product
The thick starch that precipitates and filter is added recycle-water, add citric acid or formic acid, control pH value of water solution 4.0-4.2 washes, and the dewatering and recovery mother liquor is subsequent use, does behaviour according to a conventional method, pulverizes and sieve to obtain purple sweet potato starch product;
Three, the preparation of Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae protein and mucopolysaccharide product
To reclaim mother liquor and add Hydrocerol A, control the pH value 4.0-4.2 of solution earlier, control the pH value 4.4-4.5 of solution after the filtration again.Precipitation process is sent fragmentation and pulping process with upper solution then, and lower floor's colloidal sol is at temperature 60-65 ℃ concentrating under reduced pressure, and concentrated solution is controlled at the 15-16 degree Beaume, does behaviour by ordinary method then, pulverizes and sieve to obtain albumen and mucopolysaccharide product.
More than the isolated water of each operation or mother liquor or organic solvent reclaim and use, waste residue prepares feed and fertilizer according to a conventional method.
Embodiment
The weak acid that adopts is formic acid, and the machine solvent is an acetone, macroporous resin adsorption flow velocity 1300L/h, and purified water washing desorption rate 2500L/h, other technologies are with example 1.
Embodiment 3
The weak acid that adopts is acetate, and the machine solvent is propyl carbinol and acetone, macroporous resin adsorption flow velocity 1280L/h, and purified water washing desorption rate 2300L/h, other technologies are with example 1.