CN102351563B - Preparation method for silicon nitride porous ceramic with multilevel pore size structure and high porosity - Google Patents

Preparation method for silicon nitride porous ceramic with multilevel pore size structure and high porosity Download PDF

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CN102351563B
CN102351563B CN 201110187425 CN201110187425A CN102351563B CN 102351563 B CN102351563 B CN 102351563B CN 201110187425 CN201110187425 CN 201110187425 CN 201110187425 A CN201110187425 A CN 201110187425A CN 102351563 B CN102351563 B CN 102351563B
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porous
silicone resin
siliconnitride
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CN102351563A (en
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陈斐
潘皓亮
沈强
王传彬
张联盟
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Wuhan University of Technology WUT
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Abstract

The invention provides a preparation method for a silicon nitride porous ceramic with a multilevel pore size structure and high porosity. The method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing slurry of alpha-silicon nitride and diluent of an organic silicon resin, wherein, the volume ratio of alpha-silicon nitride to the organic silicon resin is 1:9 to 4:1; carrying out drying, ball milling and sieving on an obtained mixture, and uniformly mixing the mixture with naphthalene powder according to a mass ratio of 19:1 to 1:1; carrying out compression molding on obtained mixed powder, or carrying out isostatic pressing after molding of the obtained mixed powder; carrying out binder removal on a formed sample for 12 to 24 h at a temperature of 50 to 130 DEG C in a gradient heating mode; sintering a resultant of heat treatment at a temperature of 1100 to 1700 DEG C in a nitrogen atmosphere under normal pressure with insulation time being 1 to 5 h so as to obtain the silicon nitride porous ceramic. The invention has the advantages of a simple process, low cost and good repeatability; the prepared silicon nitride porous ceramic has excellent performance, e.g. wide pore size distribution, uniform pore distribution, high porosity and good mechanical strength.

Description

Preparation method with high porosity porous SiN ceramic of multi-stage porous gauge structure
Technical field
The invention belongs to the stupalith field, particularly a kind of preparation method with high porosity porous SiN ceramic of multi-stage porous gauge structure.
Background technology
Along with the development of science and technology and suitability for industrialized production, the problems such as the energy, resource, the disposal of three wastes come into one's own more.Especially the high-tech sectors such as biochemical industry, fine chemistry industry, energy and material develops rapidly, research and development to liquid, solid isolation technique proposes higher requirement, and high score more and more causes people's attention from porous filtering technology and the porous filter material of precision, high operational efficiency.
Porous ceramic film material refers to form through high-temperature firing, has in the body to communicate or the stupalith of closed pore.Porous ceramic film material is as the novel structure of a class/functions formed material, because have that volume density is little, porosity is high, air permeance resistance is little, controllable bore diameter, cleaning and regeneration be convenient, the characteristics such as especially high temperature resistant, high pressure, resistant to chemical media corrosion have larger application in a lot of fields.Ceramic filter technology and the ceramic filtering device of doing filtration medium with porous ceramic film material have not only solved the sad filter problems such as high temperature, high pressure, strong acid-base and chemical solvents medium, and because filtering accuracy itself that have is high, clean state is good and the characteristics such as easy cleaning, long service life, therefore, be used widely in fields such as oil, chemical industry, pharmacy, food, environmental protection and water treatments at present.
The tradition solid-liquid separation is that its pore size distribution is narrower with the larger problem that porous ceramics exists, and the solid particulate major part is deposited in the upper surface of filter material during solid-liquid separation, has not only affected the speed of separating, and needs often to clean.For this difficult problem, industry advocates to utilize the characteristics of multilevel hole material varying aperture to realize classified filtering.But the research of present multilevel hole material mainly be utilize the organic formwork method to realize micropore at molecular scale ((aperture is between (the combination in aperture>50nm) of 2~50nm)-macropore in aperture<2nm)-mesoporous, its pore diameter range is confined to 0.001~1 μ m substantially, has no at present pore diameter range at the preparation method's of the porous ceramic film material of 0.1~500 μ m report.Porous SiN ceramic with hierarchical porous structure provided by the invention has effectively been expanded pore diameter range (0.1~500 μ m), can realize the high efficiency separation of solid-liquid.
The present invention is take silicon nitride as matrix.Silicon nitride ceramics is one of over-all properties best material in the structural ceramics.Its decomposition temperature is 1900 ℃, has good high temperature stability performance and chemical stability; By the in opposite directions transformation of β phase of α, its flexural strength can reach about 1Gpa, has good mechanical property; Its specific inductivity is about 7.0, and loss tangent is about 0.004, has good electric property.Heat, power, electric over-all properties in view of the silicon nitride ceramics excellence, the porous silicon nitride ceramic of high porosity can be applied to strainer, decontaminating separator, chemical industry catalytic carrier, sensor under high temperature, high pressure, the acid etching condition, the porous silicon nitride ceramic of low porosity is applied to high temperature member.And by electrical design and porosity control, but also porous silicon nitride ceramic is applied to the wave transparent fields such as missile-borne radome.
Silicone resin is a kind of cheapness, has the ceramic first body of better adhesive property and pore-creating performance that the Si-O-C structure that forms during its at high temperature cracking can play good enhancement.The fusing point of naphthalene is 80.5 ℃, is subliming type pore-forming material a kind of cheapness, excellent property.
The present invention adopts the normal pressure-sintered technique of atmosphere protection, take silicon nitride as matrix, silicone resin is the macropore pore-forming material as binding agent and aperture pore-forming material, naphthalene powder, prepares the high porosity porous SiN ceramic with multi-stage porous gauge structure.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: a kind of method for preparing the high porosity porous SiN ceramic with multi-stage porous gauge structure is provided.
The present invention solves its technical problem and adopts following technical scheme:
Preparation method with high porosity porous SiN ceramic of multi-stage porous gauge structure provided by the invention, be a kind of take silicone resin as binding agent and aperture pore-forming material, naphthalene powder prepare the method for porous SiN ceramic as the macropore pore-forming material, its step comprises:
(1) coats: the α-siliconnitride powder is mixed with ethanol, obtain the α-siliconnitride slip; Silicone resin is mixed with toluene, obtain the silicone resin dilute solution; α-siliconnitride slip and silicone resin dilute solution are mixed, obtain mixed slurry, wherein the volume ratio of α-siliconnitride and pure silicone resin is 1:9~4:1, and mixing time is 6~24h; Containing the α-siliconnitride volume fraction in the α-siliconnitride slip is 10~80%, and the silicone resin volume fraction is 10~50% in the silicone resin dilute solution;
(2) pre-treatment: at 80~120 ℃ of drying 12~24h, the gained solid sieves behind ball milling, obtains coated powder with mixed slurry;
(3) mix: coated powder and the naphthalene powder of gained are mixed, obtain mixed powder;
(4) moulding: will continue cold isostatic compaction after mixed powder compression molding or the mold pressing, forming pressure is 10~400MPa, obtains the moulding sample;
(5) binder removal: employing ladder-elevating temperature pattern at 50~130 ℃ of binder removal 12~24h, obtains biscuit with the moulding sample;
(6) cracking: biscuit is normal pressure-sintered under 1100~1700 ℃, nitrogen atmosphere, and temperature rise rate is 0.5~10 ℃/min, and soaking time is 1~5h, namely obtains described high porosity porous SiN ceramic with multi-stage porous gauge structure.
Described multi-stage porous gauge structure refers to that the porous SiN ceramic pore diameter range contains 0.1~500 μ m, is multistage distribution.
Described porous SiN ceramic, its porosity are 25~75%.
In the described coated powder, the volume content of silicone resin is 20~90%.
The meta particle diameter of described α-siliconnitride powder is 0.4~5 μ m.
The particle diameter of described coated powder≤100 μ m.Because be to sieve, so should be less than a certain numerical value.
The meta particle diameter of described naphthalene powder≤300 μ m.
In the described mixed powder, the mass ratio of coated powder and naphthalene powder is 19:1~1:1.
In moulding process, compression molding pressure is 10~150MPa; Or continuing cold isostatic compaction after the mold pressing, forming pressure is 100~400MPa.
Described employing ladder-elevating temperature pattern, specifically: 50~70 ℃ of insulation 1~2h; Be warming up to 70~90 ℃ of insulation 8~16h; Be warming up to 90~110 ℃ of insulation 2~8h; Be warming up at last 110~130 ℃ of insulation 1~4h.
The present invention compared with prior art has following major advantage:
1. simple, the favorable repeatability, with low cost of technique, and the porous SiN ceramic of preparation has the excellent properties such as pore size distribution is wide, porosity is high, mechanical strength is good.
2. the pore diameter range of the porous SiN ceramic of preparation is 0.1~500 μ m, is multistage distribution, can be widely used in the aspects such as classified filtering, stage purification, chemical industry catalytic carrier, sound absorption damping, high-quality thermal insulating material, sensing material and electromagnetic wave transparent material.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is process flow sheet of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the XRD figure spectrum of embodiment 1 to embodiment 6 resulting materials.
Fig. 3 is the SEM image (50 times) of embodiment 1 to embodiment 4 resulting materials.
Fig. 4 is the SEM image (10000 times) of embodiment 1 to embodiment 5 resulting materials.
Fig. 5 is the SEM image (5000 times) of embodiment 3 resulting materials.
Fig. 6 is the SEM image (50 times) of embodiment 5 resulting materials.
Fig. 7 is the SEM image (50 times) of embodiment 6 resulting materials.
Fig. 8 is the SEM image (10000 times) of embodiment 6 resulting materials.
Embodiment
The present invention adopts the normal pressure-sintered technique of atmosphere protection, take silicon nitride as matrix, silicone resin is pore-forming material as binding agent and pore-forming material, naphthalene powder, prepare the high porosity porous SiN ceramic with multi-stage porous gauge structure, be specially: the α-siliconnitride powder is mixed with ethanol, obtain the α-siliconnitride slip; Silicone resin is mixed with toluene, obtain the silicone resin dilute solution; α-siliconnitride slip and silicone resin diluent are mixed, and wherein the volume ratio of α-siliconnitride and silicone resin is 1:9~4:1; Gains mix with the naphthalene powder through super-dry, ball milling, after sieving, and the two mass ratio is 19:1~1:1; With cold isostatic compaction after mixed powder compression molding or the mold pressing; Adopt the ladder-elevating temperature pattern with the moulding sample at 50~130 ℃ of binder removal 12~24h; Product after the thermal treatment is normal pressure-sintered under 1100~1700 ℃, nitrogen atmosphere, and temperature rise rate is 0.5~10 ℃/min, and soaking time is 1~5h, namely obtains a kind of porous SiN ceramic with multi-stage porous gauge structure.
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, but be not limited to following described content.
Embodiment 1:
(1) with silicone resin and meta particle diameter be first the α-siliconnitride powder of 0.5 μ m according to volume ratio 2:3 batching, add the mixing solutions of dehydrated alcohol and toluene, make distributed slurry after mixing 12h;
(2) with mixed slurry insulation 12h under 120 ℃, the gained block is through behind the ball milling, and it is stand-by to cross 170 mesh sieves;
(3) coated powder with gained evenly mixes with the naphthalene powder of the about 200 μ m of meta particle diameter, and the two mass ratio is 4:1;
(4) mixed powder is continued cold isostatic compaction under 200MPa in that compression molding under the 50MPa is follow-up;
(5) adopt ladder-elevating temperature pattern binder removal: 60 ℃/2h, 80 ℃/16h, 100 ℃/4h, 130 ℃/2h;
(6) the gained biscuit is normal pressure-sintered under 1550 ℃, nitrogen atmosphere, temperature rise rate is 5 ℃/min, and soaking time is 4h, namely obtains a kind of porous SiN ceramic with multi-stage porous gauge structure.Its flexural strength is 38.5MPa, and open porosity is 51.25%.
The porous SiN ceramic of present embodiment preparation, as shown in Figure 2, wherein α-siliconnitride is principal phase, beta-silicon nitride and quartzy respectively from the phase transformation of α-siliconnitride and the cracking of silicone resin; By Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 as can be known, its pore diameter range is respectively 10~300 μ m and 0.1~3 μ m.
Embodiment 2:
(1) with silicone resin and meta particle diameter be first the α-siliconnitride powder of 0.5 μ m according to volume ratio 1:2 batching, add the mixing solutions of dehydrated alcohol and toluene, make distributed slurry after mixing 8h;
(2) with mixed slurry insulation 10h under 120 ℃, the gained block is through behind the ball milling, and it is stand-by to cross 180 mesh sieves;
(3) coated powder with gained evenly mixes with the naphthalene powder of the about 200 μ m of meta particle diameter, and the two mass ratio is 3:1;
(4) with mixed powder compression molding under 100MPa;
(5) adopt ladder-elevating temperature pattern binder removal: 60 ℃/2h, 80 ℃/12h, 100 ℃/4h, 120 ℃/2h;
(6) the gained biscuit is normal pressure-sintered under 1500 ℃, nitrogen atmosphere, temperature rise rate is 8 ℃/min, and soaking time is 3h, namely obtains a kind of porous SiN ceramic with multi-stage porous gauge structure.Its flexural strength is 23.5MPa, and open porosity is 52.38%.
The porous SiN ceramic of present embodiment preparation, as shown in Figure 2, wherein α-siliconnitride is principal phase, beta-silicon nitride and quartzy respectively from the phase transformation of α-siliconnitride and the cracking of silicone resin; By Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 as can be known, its pore diameter range is respectively 10~300 μ m and 0.1~3 μ m.
Embodiment 3:
(1) with silicone resin and meta particle diameter be first the α-siliconnitride powder of 1.0 μ m according to volume ratio 3:2 batching, add the mixing solutions of dehydrated alcohol and toluene, make distributed slurry after mixing 10h;
(2) with mixed slurry insulation 18h under 100 ℃, the gained block is through behind the ball milling, and it is stand-by to cross 200 mesh sieves;
(3) will evenly mix with the naphthalene powder of the about 150 μ m of meta particle diameter in the coated powder of gained, the two mass ratio is 19:1;
(4) with mixed powder compression molding under 150MPa;
(5) adopt ladder-elevating temperature pattern binder removal: 50 ℃/2h, 85 ℃/16h, 110 ℃/4h, 130 ℃/2h;
(6) the gained biscuit is normal pressure-sintered under 1550 ℃, nitrogen atmosphere, temperature rise rate is 5 ℃/min, and soaking time is 3h, namely obtains a kind of porous SiN ceramic with multi-stage porous gauge structure.Its flexural strength is 87MPa, and open porosity is 39%.
The porous SiN ceramic of present embodiment preparation, as shown in Figure 2, wherein α-siliconnitride is principal phase, beta-silicon nitride and quartzy respectively from the phase transformation of α-siliconnitride and the cracking of silicone resin; By Fig. 3 and Fig. 5 as can be known, its pore diameter range is respectively 10~300 μ m and 0.1~1 μ m.
Embodiment 4:
(1) with silicone resin and meta particle diameter be first the α-siliconnitride powder of 1.0 μ m according to volume ratio 1:1 batching, add the mixing solutions of dehydrated alcohol and toluene, make distributed slurry after mixing 10h;
(2) with mixed slurry insulation 12h under 120 ℃, the gained block is through behind the ball milling, and it is stand-by to sieve;
(3) will evenly mix with the naphthalene powder of the about 150 μ m of meta particle diameter in the coated powder of gained, the two mass ratio is 9:1;
(4) with mixed powder compression molding under 150MPa;
(5) adopt ladder-elevating temperature pattern binder removal: 60 ℃/4h, 80 ℃/12h, 100 ℃/6h, 130 ℃/2h;
(6) the gained biscuit is normal pressure-sintered under 1600 ℃, nitrogen atmosphere, temperature rise rate is 4 ℃/min, and soaking time is 2h, namely obtains a kind of porous SiN ceramic with multi-stage porous gauge structure.Its flexural strength is 73MPa, and open porosity is 43.5%.
The porous SiN ceramic of present embodiment preparation, as shown in Figure 2, wherein α-siliconnitride is principal phase, beta-silicon nitride and quartzy respectively from the phase transformation of α-siliconnitride and the cracking of silicone resin; By Fig. 6 and Fig. 4 as can be known, its pore diameter range is respectively 10~300 μ m and 0.1~3 μ m.
Embodiment 5:
(1) with silicone resin and meta particle diameter be first the α-siliconnitride powder of 1.0 μ m according to volume ratio 1:1.85 batching, add the mixing solutions of dehydrated alcohol and toluene, make distributed slurry after mixing 10h;
(2) with mixed slurry insulation 12h under 120 ℃, the gained block is through behind the ball milling, and it is stand-by to cross 170 mesh sieves;
(3) will evenly mix with the naphthalene powder of the about 200 μ m of meta particle diameter in the coated powder of gained, the two mass ratio is 1:1;
(4) with mixed powder compression molding under 150MPa;
(5) adopt ladder-elevating temperature pattern binder removal: 60 ℃/2h, 85 ℃/15h, 100 ℃/2h, 130 ℃/2h;
(6) the gained biscuit is normal pressure-sintered under 1500 ℃, nitrogen atmosphere, temperature rise rate is 8 ℃/min, and soaking time is 4h, namely obtains a kind of porous SiN ceramic with multi-stage porous gauge structure.Its flexural strength is 7.8MPa, and open porosity is 71%.
The porous SiN ceramic of present embodiment preparation, as shown in Figure 2, wherein α-siliconnitride is principal phase, beta-silicon nitride and quartzy respectively from the phase transformation of α-siliconnitride and the cracking of silicone resin; By Fig. 6 and Fig. 4 as can be known, its pore diameter range is respectively 10~300 μ m and 0.1~3 μ m.
Embodiment 6:
(1) with silicone resin and meta particle diameter be first the α-siliconnitride powder of 0.5 μ m according to volume ratio 5.7:1 batching, add the mixing solutions of dehydrated alcohol and toluene, make distributed slurry after mixing 12h;
(2) with mixed slurry insulation 24h under 120 ℃, the gained block is through behind the ball milling, and it is stand-by to sieve;
(3) coated powder with gained evenly mixes with the naphthalene powder of the about 100 μ m of meta particle diameter, and the two mass ratio is 19:1;
(4) with mixed powder compression molding under 150MPa;
(5) adopt ladder-elevating temperature pattern binder removal: 60 ℃/2h, 80 ℃/16h, 100 ℃/4h, 130 ℃/2h;
(6) the gained biscuit is normal pressure-sintered under 1550 ℃, nitrogen atmosphere, temperature rise rate is 5 ℃/min, and soaking time is 5h, namely obtains a kind of porous SiN ceramic with multi-stage porous gauge structure.Its flexural strength is 81.7MPa, and open porosity is 25.96%.
The porous SiN ceramic of present embodiment preparation, as shown in Figure 2, wherein α-siliconnitride is principal phase, beta-silicon nitride and quartzy respectively from the phase transformation of α-siliconnitride and the cracking of silicone resin; By Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 as can be known, its pore diameter range is respectively 10~200 μ m and 0.1~2 μ m.

Claims (6)

1. preparation method with high porosity porous SiN ceramic of multi-stage porous gauge structure is characterized in that take silicone resin as binding agent and aperture pore-forming material, naphthalene powder prepare the method for porous SiN ceramic as the macropore pore-forming material, and its step comprises:
(1) coats: the α-siliconnitride powder is mixed with ethanol, obtain the α-siliconnitride slip; Silicone resin is mixed with toluene, obtain the silicone resin dilute solution; α-siliconnitride slip and silicone resin dilute solution are mixed, obtain mixed slurry, wherein the volume ratio of α-siliconnitride and pure silicone resin is 1:9~4:1, and mixing time is 6~24h; The volume fraction of α-siliconnitride is 10~80% in the α-siliconnitride slip, and the silicone resin volume fraction is 10~50% in the silicone resin dilute solution;
(2) pre-treatment: at 80~120 ℃ of drying 12~24h, the gained solid sieves behind ball milling, obtains coated powder with mixed slurry; The volume content of silicone resin is 20~90% in the coated powder;
(3) mix: coated powder and the naphthalene powder of gained are mixed for 19:1~1:1 in mass ratio, obtain mixed powder;
(4) moulding: will continue cold isostatic compaction after mixed powder compression molding or the mold pressing, forming pressure is 10~400 MPa, obtains the moulding sample;
(5) binder removal: employing ladder-elevating temperature pattern at 50~130 ℃ of binder removal 12~24h, obtains biscuit with the moulding sample;
(6) cracking: biscuit is normal pressure-sintered under 1100~1700 ℃, nitrogen atmosphere, temperature rise rate is 0.5~10 ℃/min, soaking time is 1~5h, namely obtain described high porosity porous SiN ceramic with multi-stage porous gauge structure, described multi-stage porous gauge structure refers to that the porous SiN ceramic pore diameter range contains 0.1~500 μ m, is multistage distribution.
2. the preparation method of porous SiN ceramic according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the porosity of porous SiN ceramic is 25~75%.
3. the preparation method of porous SiN ceramic according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the meta particle diameter of α-siliconnitride powder is 0.4~5 μ m, the particle diameter of gained coated powder≤100 μ m.
4. the preparation method of porous SiN ceramic according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the meta particle diameter of naphthalene powder≤300 μ m.
5. the preparation method of porous SiN ceramic according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: compression molding pressure is 10~150MPa; Or continuing cold isostatic compaction after the mold pressing, forming pressure is 100~400MPa.
6. the preparation method of porous SiN ceramic according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described employing ladder-elevating temperature pattern, i.e. 50~70 ℃ of insulation 1~2h; Be warming up to 70~90 ℃ of insulation 8~16h; Be warming up to 90~110 ℃ of insulation 2~8h; Be warming up at last 110~130 ℃ of insulation 1~4h.
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