CN102349686A - Process for drying and dehydrating fruit, vegetable and Chinese medicinal herb through medium-pressure and high-pressure gas permeation - Google Patents
Process for drying and dehydrating fruit, vegetable and Chinese medicinal herb through medium-pressure and high-pressure gas permeation Download PDFInfo
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- CN102349686A CN102349686A CN 201110292035 CN201110292035A CN102349686A CN 102349686 A CN102349686 A CN 102349686A CN 201110292035 CN201110292035 CN 201110292035 CN 201110292035 A CN201110292035 A CN 201110292035A CN 102349686 A CN102349686 A CN 102349686A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a process for drying and dehydrating fruits, vegetables and Chinese medicinal herbs through medium-pressure and high-pressure gas permeation, which is mainly suitable for the Chinese medicinal herbs and non-berry fruits and vegetables such as apples, pineapples, Hami melons, potatoes, burdocks, lotus roots, green sword beans, corns, Polygonum multiflorum, Lucid ganoderma and the like. The process comprises the steps of: washing the fruits, the vegetables and the Chinese medicinal herbs clean, removing free water, putting the materials in a pressure vessel, filling gas into the pressure vessel to enable pressure in the pressure vessel to reach more than 1MPa, maintaining the pressure for more than 10min, rapidly releasing the gas, transferring the materials to a vacuum drying oven in a short time and drying the materials under a low-temperature vacuum condition until the water content of the materials is below 5 percent to obtain finished products. The process has the positive effects that since drying and dehydration are conducted in the low-temperature vacuum condition, the losses of the nutrition and the flavors of the fruits, the vegetables and the Chinese medicinal herbs during high-temperature drying are avoided, the original nutrition, the active substances, the active constituent, the color, the fragrance and the taste of the materials are reserved to the utmost extent, the equipment investment is small, the process cost is low, the installation and the maintenance are convenient and the process is easy to master.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of technology that adopts gas mesohigh infiltration drying and dehydrating fruits and vegetables and Chinese herbal medicine.Mainly be applicable to non-berries fruits and vegetables and Chinese herbal medicines such as apple, pineapple, "Hami" melon, potato, burdock, lotus root, French bean, corn, the fleece-flower root, glossy ganoderma.
Background technology
General heated-air drying and the vacuum freeze-drying technique of adopting of fruits and vegetables and Chinese herbal medicine dehydration at present.The heated-air drying dewatering process has equipment and drops into little; Technology is simple; Be convenient to characteristics such as operation, loss of nutritional ingredients is serious, local flavor is relatively poor, the rehydration degree is poor, rehydration speed is slow and dewatering time is long, defectives such as energy consumption is big, production efficiency is low, sanitary condition difference but exist; Vacuum freeze-drying technique is used freeze drying technology in instant dehydration; The nutrition and the active material compositions such as vitamin that can keep fruits and vegetables to greatest extent; But have that apparatus expensive, energy consumption are big, trivial operations, long processing time, cost be high, valuable product such as can not extensively promote at deficiency.
The ZL200510048226.X patent discloses the method that a kind of fruit or vegetable type food carries out the normal temperature swelling and watering; After it sloughs Free water with the fruit vegetable materials of cleaning; Put into agitated reactor; Being evacuated to pressure is 0.08-0-1MPa; Inject CO2 gas, make reacting kettle inner pressure reach 1.5-10.5MPa, after 30 seconds-30 minutes; In 0.5-4 minute, be depressurized to normal pressure, make the material swelling and watering.The loss of nutritional ingredients that it has solved prior art is many, and local flavor, taste and color, smell and taste are poor, and rehydration is poor, and is toxic, the shortcoming that the technology cost is high.But this kind method has only removed the combination water and the free water of part, and the fruit or vegetable type food that makes is crisp inadequately and because the moisture height is not easy to deficiencies such as preservation.
The technology that has both at home and abroad at present need retain carbon dioxide behind release of pressure, handle and technology such as warm braw drying through Fast Heating again, and the product Fast Heating is handled, and operability is not strong in the industry, the cost height, and the product costliness such as can not extensively promote at deficiency.
Summary of the invention
In order to address the above problem, the present invention provides a kind of technology that adopts gas mesohigh infiltration drying and dehydrating fruits and vegetables and Chinese herbal medicine.
The present invention realizes through following technical scheme: a kind of technology that adopts gas mesohigh infiltration drying and dehydrating fruits and vegetables and Chinese herbal medicine specifically may further comprise the steps: may further comprise the steps: 1) pretreatment process → 2) gas infiltration operation → 3) heated drying operation;
Described pretreatment process is meant fruits and vegetables fresh or that slough Free water in advance and half-dried wet basis moisture of Chinese herbal medicine are adjusted to 10-65%, leaves standstill, and is subsequent use;
Described gas infiltration operation is meant above-mentioned ready material is put in the pressure vessel; Air in elder generation's discharge pressure container; Gas reinjects; More than gas pressure 1 MPa; Hold time greater than 10min, make gas fully infiltrate into material inside, discharge the gas in the pressure vessel more rapidly; Treat to take out material behind the no pressure in the container, subsequent use;
Described heated drying operation is meant that above-mentioned material is transferred to the heated drying case in the short time dry, is dried to material moisture and is lower than 5% and is finished product.
Said heated drying comprises that vacuum drying, microwave drying or vacuum and far-infrared are dry.
Described fruits and vegetables and Chinese herbal medicine comprise non-berries fruits and vegetables and Chinese herbal medicines such as apple, pineapple, "Hami" melon, potato, burdock, lotus root, French bean, corn, the fleece-flower root, glossy ganoderma.
The said fresh material of above-mentioned pretreatment process can directly be put into pressure vessel and carry out gas infiltration operation, and half-dried sheet material need be adjusted the gas infiltration again of its water content.
Half-dried wet basis moisture adjustment of above-mentioned fruits and vegetables fresh or that slough Free water in advance and Chinese herbal medicine back time of repose is different according to the difference and the water content time of repose of raw material variety.
The method of above-mentioned adjustment water content adopts water is sprayed onto the material surface, rotates material simultaneously and makes its surface all can absorb moisture, leaves standstill again.
Gas in the said permeating and dewatering operation adopts food-grade nitrogen, carbon dioxide or air.
In the said gas infiltration operation in the amount discharge container air adopt vacuumizing method, the method for finding time be meant material put into be evacuated to earlier behind the container relative vacuum degree-0.01～-0.05Mpa, nitrogen injection, carbon dioxide or air in the container again.
In the said gas infiltration operation in the amount discharge container air adopt and extrude the air method, after extruding the air method and referring to that material is put into pressure vessel, directly inject small amount of nitrogen, carbon dioxide or air and wait to emit in the container and begin to inject this gas again behind the gas.
It is different according to kind, maturity that fruits and vegetables, Chinese herbal medicine carry out gas when infiltration, gas pressure, the difference of holding time.
Material should be transferred to the heated drying case in the short time in the said heated drying operation, in the preferred 30min; Temperature setting method determines according to material characteristics during low temperature drying, requires established temperature can provide enough energy to remove material and combines water, and keep contained nutriment in the material to greatest extent.
Good effect of the present invention is:
1, utilize nontoxic gas permeating and dewaterings such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide, air, nontoxic pollution-free is retained fruits and vegetables and Chinese herbal medicine quality, guarantees the hygienic quality of dehydrated fruits and vegetables and Chinese herbal medicine.
2, make fruits and vegetables and Chinese herbal medicine drying and dehydrating under low temperature, vacuum state, avoid the nutrition of fruits and vegetables and Chinese herbal medicine in the high temperature drying process, local flavor to run off, farthest kept material original nutrition and active material, active ingredient and color, smell and taste thereof.
3, gas fully infiltrates into material inside, under vacuum state, can take material interior section Free water rapidly out of, improves rate of drying, and forms cellular crisp tissue morphology, is prepared into the good product of tooth sense.
4, the equipment input is little, and the technology cost is low, and installation and maintenance are convenient, and process is easy to grasp; Help the deep processing of berries fruits and vegetables, production efficiency is high, and added value is high, and economic and social benefit is huge.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
Raw material: bright pears 1000 grams.
1) preparatory process
Bright pears are cleaned to there not being spot, removed the peel, the about 1.5mm of skin depth, stoning, manual work or slicer are cut into the 4mm disk, put into pressure vessel, close door and sealing.
2) permeating and dewatering operation
The open vacuum pump be evacuated in the pressure vessel-stop to vacuumize behind the 0.01Mpa; Close evacuation valve; Injecting carbon dioxide gas in container again; Make the interior gas pressure of container maintain 1.5-2.5MPa; Emit gas in the container after keeping 60min; Treat that pressure is to open container after 0, take out material, subsequent use.
3) vacuum drying
To be transferred to vacuum drying chamber in the above-mentioned material 10min; Close hatch door, begin to vacuumize, treat that vacuum begins heating behind-0.1Mp; Setting heating-up temperature is 60 ℃; Begin heating, close heating after 6 hours, continue to vacuumize this moment; Treat that vacuum drying the temperature inside the box stops to vacuumize when being lower than 30 ℃; Vacuum breaker takes out material again, is finished product.
The finished product that the process method for preparing goes out has the due color and luster in bright pears processing back through detecting moisture less than 5%, and mouthfeel is crisp, and rehydration is good.
Embodiment 2
Raw material: fresh carrot 1000 grams.
Half-dried preparation: after the artificial peeling of carrot, machine is cut or the 4mm sheet is cut in manual work, and the carrot after will cutting into slices is again put into air drier, opens heating, and 60 ℃ of design temperatures heat and take out material after 4 hours, are half-dried after the cooling.The half-dried sealing and standing for preparing taken out after 10 hours put into pressure vessel, close door and sealing, the open vacuum pump will be evacuated in the container-0.01Mpa.Permeating and dewatering: injecting carbon dioxide gas in container; Make the interior gas pressure of container maintain 2-2.5MPa; Emit gas after keeping 20min; Treat that container inner pressure is to open container after 0; Take out material, subsequent use: vacuum drying: as, to close hatch door with being transferred to vacuum drying chamber in the above-mentioned material 10min; Begin to vacuumize; Treat that vacuum begins heating behind-0.1Mpa, setting heating-up temperature is 60 ℃, begins heating; Close heating after 6 hours; Continue to vacuumize this moment, treats that vacuum drying the temperature inside the box stops to vacuumize when being lower than 30 ℃, again vacuum breaker; Take out material, be moisture less than 5% finished product.
Embodiment 3
Raw material: fresh garlic 1000 grams.
1) raw material is prepared
A) half-dried preparation: after the garlic peeling, machine is cut or the 2mm thin slice is cut in manual work, and the garlic after will cutting into slices is again put into air drier, opens heating, and 60 ℃ of design temperatures heat and take out material after 3.5 hours, are half-dried after the cooling.
B) above-mentioned half-dried of preparing evenly sprayed 50g water with sprayer; The garlic of overturning simultaneously mixes garlic and water, and sealing and standing is taken out after 10 hours and put into pressure vessel; Close door and sealing, the open vacuum pump will be evacuated in the container-0.01Mpa.
2) permeating and dewatering
Injecting carbon dioxide gas in container makes that gas pressure maintains 2-2.5MPa in the container, emits gas after keeping 20min, treats that container inner pressure is to open container after 0, takes out material, and is subsequent use;
3) vacuum drying
To be transferred to vacuum drying chamber in the above-mentioned material 10min; Close hatch door, begin to vacuumize, treat that vacuum begins heating behind-0.1Mpa; Setting heating-up temperature is 60 ℃; Begin heating, close heating after 4 hours, continue to vacuumize this moment; Treat that vacuum drying the temperature inside the box stops to vacuumize when being lower than 30 ℃; Vacuum breaker takes out material again, gets product.
Claims (10)
1. a technology that adopts gas mesohigh infiltration drying and dehydrating fruits and vegetables and Chinese herbal medicine is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps: 1) pretreatment process → 2) gas infiltration operation → 3) heated drying operation;
Described pretreatment process is meant fruits and vegetables fresh or that slough Free water in advance and half-dried wet basis moisture of Chinese herbal medicine are adjusted to 10-65%, leaves standstill, and is subsequent use;
Described gas infiltration operation is meant above-mentioned ready material is put in the pressure vessel; Air in elder generation's discharge pressure container; Gas reinjects; More than gas pressure 1 MPa; Hold time greater than 10min, make gas fully infiltrate into material inside, discharge the gas in the pressure vessel more rapidly; Treat to take out material behind the no pressure in the container, subsequent use;
Described heated drying operation is meant that above-mentioned material is transferred to the heated drying case in the short time dry, is dried to material moisture and is lower than 5% and is finished product.
2. a kind of technology that adopts gas infiltration drying and dehydrating fruits and vegetables and Chinese herbal medicine according to claim 1 is characterized in that said heated drying comprises that vacuum drying, microwave drying or vacuum and far-infrared are dry.
3. a kind of technology that adopts gas infiltration drying and dehydrating fruits and vegetables and Chinese herbal medicine according to claim 1; It is characterized in that described fruits and vegetables and Chinese herbal medicine comprise non-berries fruits and vegetables and Chinese herbal medicines such as apple, pineapple, "Hami" melon, potato, burdock, lotus root, French bean, corn, the fleece-flower root, glossy ganoderma.
4. a kind of technology that adopts gas infiltration drying and dehydrating fruits and vegetables and Chinese herbal medicine according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; The said fresh material of pretreatment process can directly be put into pressure vessel and carry out gas infiltration operation, and half-dried sheet material need be adjusted the gas infiltration again of its water content.
5. a kind of technology that adopts gas infiltration drying and dehydrating fruits and vegetables and Chinese herbal medicine according to claim 1; It is characterized in that half-dried wet basis moisture adjustment of fruits and vegetables fresh or that slough Free water in advance and Chinese herbal medicine back time of repose is different according to the difference and the water content time of repose of raw material variety.
6. a kind of technology that adopts gas infiltration drying and dehydrating fruits and vegetables and Chinese herbal medicine according to claim 1 is characterized in that the method for adjustment water content adopts water is sprayed onto the material surface, rotates material simultaneously and makes its surface all can absorb moisture, leaves standstill again.
7. a kind of technology that adopts gas infiltration drying and dehydrating fruits and vegetables and Chinese herbal medicine according to claim 1 is characterized in that the gas in the said permeating and dewatering operation adopts food-grade nitrogen, carbon dioxide or air.
8. a kind of technology that adopts gas infiltration drying and dehydrating fruits and vegetables and Chinese herbal medicine according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Air employing vacuumizing method in the amount discharge container in the said gas infiltration operation; The method of finding time be meant material put into be evacuated to earlier behind the container relative vacuum degree-0.01～-0.05Mpa, nitrogen injection, carbon dioxide or air in the container again.
9. a kind of technology that adopts gas infiltration drying and dehydrating fruits and vegetables and Chinese herbal medicine according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; The interior air of amount discharge container adopts the air method of extruding in the said gas infiltration operation; After extruding the air method and referring to that material is put into pressure vessel, directly inject small amount of nitrogen, carbon dioxide or air and wait to emit in the container and begin to inject this gas again behind the gas.
10. a kind of technology that adopts gas infiltration drying and dehydrating fruits and vegetables and Chinese herbal medicine according to claim 1 is characterized in that, and is different according to kind, maturity when fruits and vegetables, Chinese herbal medicine carry out the gas infiltration, gas pressure, the difference of holding time.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 201110292035 CN102349686A (en) | 2011-10-01 | 2011-10-01 | Process for drying and dehydrating fruit, vegetable and Chinese medicinal herb through medium-pressure and high-pressure gas permeation |
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| CN 201110292035 CN102349686A (en) | 2011-10-01 | 2011-10-01 | Process for drying and dehydrating fruit, vegetable and Chinese medicinal herb through medium-pressure and high-pressure gas permeation |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102894303A (en) * | 2012-10-18 | 2013-01-30 | 江南大学 | Method for improving brittleness of crispy fruit slices and preventing adhesion through combining high vacuum with negative pressure pulse microwave drying |
| CN104522439A (en) * | 2014-12-29 | 2015-04-22 | 陕西科技大学 | Fruit and vegetable helium gas high-pressure permeation and puffing method |
| CN105852183A (en) * | 2016-04-20 | 2016-08-17 | 陕西科技大学 | High-permeability fruit and vegetable explosion-puffing device and high-permeability fruit and vegetable explosion-puffing method |
| CN107372794A (en) * | 2017-08-16 | 2017-11-24 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院农产品加工研究所 | A kind of drying means of fruit |
| CN107920568A (en) * | 2015-06-15 | 2018-04-17 | 弗劳恩霍夫应用研究促进协会 | Dry products and production method made of fruit and/or vegetables |
| CN108955150A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2018-12-07 | 无锡远及科技有限公司 | A kind of Tea Production processing microwave drying equipment and its stoving process |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1792284A (en) * | 2005-12-26 | 2006-06-28 | 吴树勋 | Method for swelling and watering fruit or vegetable type food at ambient temp. |
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2011
- 2011-10-01 CN CN 201110292035 patent/CN102349686A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1792284A (en) * | 2005-12-26 | 2006-06-28 | 吴树勋 | Method for swelling and watering fruit or vegetable type food at ambient temp. |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102894303A (en) * | 2012-10-18 | 2013-01-30 | 江南大学 | Method for improving brittleness of crispy fruit slices and preventing adhesion through combining high vacuum with negative pressure pulse microwave drying |
| CN102894303B (en) * | 2012-10-18 | 2014-03-26 | 江南大学 | Method for improving brittleness of crispy fruit slices and preventing adhesion through combining high vacuum with negative pressure pulse microwave drying |
| CN104522439A (en) * | 2014-12-29 | 2015-04-22 | 陕西科技大学 | Fruit and vegetable helium gas high-pressure permeation and puffing method |
| CN107920568A (en) * | 2015-06-15 | 2018-04-17 | 弗劳恩霍夫应用研究促进协会 | Dry products and production method made of fruit and/or vegetables |
| CN105852183A (en) * | 2016-04-20 | 2016-08-17 | 陕西科技大学 | High-permeability fruit and vegetable explosion-puffing device and high-permeability fruit and vegetable explosion-puffing method |
| CN105852183B (en) * | 2016-04-20 | 2018-05-08 | 陕西科技大学 | Fruits and vegetables Thief zone airflow puffing device and method |
| CN107372794A (en) * | 2017-08-16 | 2017-11-24 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院农产品加工研究所 | A kind of drying means of fruit |
| CN108955150A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2018-12-07 | 无锡远及科技有限公司 | A kind of Tea Production processing microwave drying equipment and its stoving process |
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Application publication date: 20120215 |