CN102342570A - Separating method of fruit skin layer - Google Patents
Separating method of fruit skin layer Download PDFInfo
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- CN102342570A CN102342570A CN2011102976293A CN201110297629A CN102342570A CN 102342570 A CN102342570 A CN 102342570A CN 2011102976293 A CN2011102976293 A CN 2011102976293A CN 201110297629 A CN201110297629 A CN 201110297629A CN 102342570 A CN102342570 A CN 102342570A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of food processing and in particular relates to a separating method of a fruit skin layer. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: carrying out double-step enzymolysis on the fruit skin by using a composite enzymolysis liquid containing cellulose and pectinase to separate a skin layer; and then adding an acidic reagent to process the skin layer so that epidermal cells adhering to the surface of the skin layer fall off, thereby more completely and safely separating the skin layer. The fruit skin layer separating method provided by the invention has the advantages of mild acting condition, high separation efficiency, clear and complete separated skin layer, little adhesion of the epidermal cells, flat and beautiful skin layer and complete morphological structure so that reliable material sources are provided for further developing scientific research of the fruit skin layer.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to food processing technology field, be specifically related to the cuticular separation method of fruit.
Background technology
The surface of Lu Sheng higher plant organ is covered with film one deck fatty, the acellular structure usually, and this layer film is a cuticula.Cuticula is playing an important role aspect growth and development of plants and the adaptation external environment as the barrier of plant between external environment.This layer cuticula not only can be resisted invasion and attack of microorganisms such as bacterium, virus and the harmful effect that other the external world produces, and the while is also played regulating action to the various physiological activities of plant itself.
The fruit surface skin also has cuticula, and it can prevent loss of water, nutrition seepage, mechanical damage in the fruit, also can avoid coercing of pathogen infection, disease and pest intrusion and external environment factor such as wind-force, arid, ultra-violet radiation etc.For the fruit after plucking, to supply with under the prerequisite that stops at photosynthesis and external substance, various Physiology and biochemistries changed and the quality quality after the pericarp cuticula picking fruit to the saturating property direct relation of gas and moisture.In addition, The experimental results shows that the dehiscent fruit of fruit cuticula biological characteristics and fruit is in close relations, and initial cuticula be full of cracks has caused final dehiscent fruit.Simultaneously, the researcher thinks that also the pericarp cuticula possibly play an important role aspect the fruit opposing environmental stress.In view of the foregoing; Deeply systematically study the cuticular structure of fruit, chemical composition, biosynthesis, physiological property to improve the resistivity before fruit is adopted and adopt after preservation and freshness significant, its achievement in research is expected to directly guide into the genetic improvement to fruit cuticula opposing environmental stress function.And the prerequisite of carrying out these research work needs the stripped cuticula that the complete and constituent of morphosis and physicochemical property are not influenced by separation method.Yet the past concentrates on the plant leaf blade for cuticular research mostly, rarely has report to the cuticular isolation technics of fruit specially.
Because there are very big-difference in blade and fruit surface on structure, chemical composition, to the isolation technics of blade and be not suitable for the cuticular separation of fruit.Directly be used for separating the apple cuticula like the cuticular separation method of common plant leaf blade, can find under light microscope, to observe has tangible epidermal cell to adhere to, and causes cuticular morphosis unintelligible.Therefore need to study a kind of method of new SCD, make the cuticula of isolating that it can be quick and complete, make isolated cuticula morphosis clear, reduce the adhesion of epidermal cell to fruit.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem, the invention provides a kind of cuticula separation method of fruit, this method can not only be separated the cuticula of fruit fast, and the cuticular complete structure of reservation of limits very.
The cuticula separation method of a kind of fruit of the present invention comprises and gets pericarp, enzymolysis SCD, cleans cuticula, preserves cuticula, more than said enzymolysis SCD be two step enzymatic isolation method enzymolysis, and then add the acid reagent processing;
In wherein said two step enzyme solution, containing mass fraction in the enzymolysis liquid is 1～2% pectase, 1～2% cellulase, and surplus is that pH is 3.8～4.2, concentration is the citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution of 0.05M, in this buffer solution, also contains the NaN of 1mM
3
First step enzymatic hydrolysis condition is: pericarp is placed the beaker that fills enzymolysis liquid in 35～40 ℃ of following enzymolysis; Enzymolysis time is 12～72h; During enzymolysis; Place oscillator to vibrate in the beaker that fills pericarp and enzymolysis liquid; The rotating speed of vibration is 80～120rmp; Vibration finishes until enzymolysis, and enzymolysis finishes the back and takes out cuticula, uses the distilled water flushing cuticula;
The second step enzymatic hydrolysis condition is: will pass through the cuticula that obtains after first step enzymolysis and the flushing and place the beaker that fills enzymolysis liquid, in 35～40 ℃ of following enzymolysis, enzymolysis time is 12～24h; During enzymolysis, place oscillator to vibrate in the beaker that fills cuticula and enzymolysis liquid, the rotating speed of vibration is 80～120rmp, and vibration finishes until enzymolysis, and enzymolysis finishes the back and takes out cuticula, uses the distilled water flushing cuticula;
The concrete steps that adopt acid reagent to handle are: will take out through the cuticula of the second step enzymolysis and flushing, add acid reagent; Above-described acid reagent is the mixed solution of oxalic acid and ammonium oxalate or the salpeter solution of saturated potassium chlorate, and described concentration of oxalic acid is 4g/l, and its mass fraction is 0.4%, and ammonium oxalate solution concentration is 16g/l, and mass fraction is 1.6%; The salpeter solution of described saturated potassium chlorate is with after 1 times of the red fuming nitric acid (RFNA) dilution, adds solid K ClO
3Be dissolved to saturated.
Preferably, a kind of cuticula separation method of fruit comprises following step:
A. prepare raw material: get the pericarp of fruit, pericarp is cut into the circle that diameter is 1.5～2.5cm;
B. enzymolysis SCD: preparation enzymolysis liquid; Containing mass fraction in the enzymolysis liquid is 1～2% pectase, 1～2% cellulase; Surplus is that pH is 3.8～4.2, concentration is the citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution of 0.05M, in this buffer solution, also contains the NaN of 1mM
3
First step enzymolysis: get the beaker that circular pericarp among the step a places 50ml; Get the above enzymolysis liquid for preparing 10～25 ml in beaker; At 35～40 ℃ of following enzymolysis 12～72h; During enzymolysis; Starting oscillator and regulating its rotating speed is 80～120rmp; Vibration finishes until enzymolysis, and enzymolysis finishes the back and takes out cuticula, uses distilled water flushing;
The second step enzymolysis: the cuticula that will pass through after first step enzymolysis also washes takes out the beaker that places 50ml, gets the above enzymolysis liquid for preparing 10～25 ml in beaker, and 35～40 ℃ of following enzymolysis, enzymolysis time are 12～24h; During enzymolysis, starting oscillator and regulating its rotating speed is 80～120rmp, and vibration finishes until enzymolysis, and enzymolysis finishes the back and takes out cuticula, uses distilled water flushing;
Acid reagent is handled: the cuticula after the learnt from else's experience second step enzymolysis and the flushing adds 20～50ml acid reagent in the beaker of 50ml; Above-described acid reagent is the salpeter solution of oxalic acid and ammonium oxalate mixed solution or saturated potassium chlorate, and described concentration of oxalic acid is 4g/l, and its mass fraction is 0.4%, and ammonium oxalate solution concentration is 16g/l, and mass fraction is 1.6%; The salpeter solution of described saturated potassium chlorate is with after 1 times of the red fuming nitric acid (RFNA) dilution, adds solid K ClO
3Be dissolved to saturated;
C. clean: get the flushing of the cuticula water behind the enzymolysis among the step b, the boric acid-sodium borate buffer liquid that adds pH9.0 cleans, till the buffer solution clarification;
D. preserve: with the cuticula water flushing that separates and dry to its water content be below 5%, be stored in 1～4 ℃ the refrigerator subsequent use.
Above-described pericarp is circular, gets circular pericarp and helps isolating the cuticula that smooth nothing is curled.
One of modal problem is cuticula to occur to curl or fracture phenomena in the enzymolysis process; Its reason is that cuticula receives extraneous reverse or violent stirring; Adopt the gentle rotating speed of 100rmp can not only avoid this problem; Can also accelerate enzymolysis process; Preferably, the rotating speed of oscillator is 100rmp.
Preferably, acid reagent is oxalic acid and ammonium oxalate mixed solution, and wherein, concentration of oxalic acid is 4g/l, and its mass fraction is 0.4%, and ammonium oxalate solution concentration is 16g/l, and mass fraction is 1.6%.
Preferred, a kind of cuticula separation method of fruit comprises following step:
A. prepare raw material: get the pericarp of fruit, pericarp is cut into the circle that diameter is 2.5cm;
B. enzymolysis SCD: preparation enzymolysis liquid, enzymolysis liquid are that to contain mass fraction be 1.5% pectase, 1.5% cellulase, and surplus is that pH is 4.0, concentration is the citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution of 0.05M, in this buffer solution, also contains the NaN of 1mM
3
First step enzymolysis: the beaker that the circular pericarp among the step a is placed 50ml; Get the above enzymolysis liquid for preparing 15 ml in beaker; At 40 ℃ of following enzymolysis 12h; Starting oscillator and regulating its rotating speed is 100rmp; Vibration finishes until enzymolysis; Enzymolysis finishes the back and takes out cuticula, uses distilled water flushing;
The second step enzymolysis: the cuticula that will pass through after first step enzymolysis also washes takes out the beaker that places 50ml, gets the above enzymolysis liquid for preparing 10 ml in beaker, and 40 ℃ of following enzymolysis, enzymolysis time are 12h; Starting oscillator and regulating its rotating speed is 100rmp, and vibration finishes until enzymolysis, and enzymolysis finishes the back and takes out cuticula, uses distilled water flushing;
Acid reagent is handled: the cuticula after the learnt from else's experience second step enzymolysis and the flushing adds the 20ml acid reagent in the beaker of 50ml; Above-described acid reagent is for being oxalic acid and ammonium oxalate mixed solution or nitric acid and saturated potassium chlorate solution, and described concentration of oxalic acid is 4g/l, and its mass fraction is 0.4%, and ammonium oxalate solution concentration is 16g/l, and mass fraction is 1.6%;
C. clean: get the flushing of the cuticula water behind the enzymolysis among the step b, the boric acid-sodium borate buffer liquid that adds pH9.0 cleans under ultrasonic wave, and the power of cleaning is 100W, cleans till the buffer solution clarification;
D. preserve: with the cuticula water flushing that separates and dry to its water content be below 5%, be stored in 2 ℃ the refrigerator subsequent use.
Above-described fruit is any in tomato, apple, pears, grape, plum, the mango.
The present invention adopts enzymatic isolation method to separate the fruit cuticula according to being: fruit cuticula outside is one deck wax; The inboard pectin layer that passes through separates with the epidermal cell wall; And cell membrane mainly is made up of pectin, cellulose, hemicellulose, and the three accounts for 35%, 20～30% and 25% of cell wall polysaccharides class respectively.The mixed enzyme solution of employing cellulase and pectase carries out twice enzymolysis to pericarp and comes SCD; Its action condition is gentle, and separative efficiency is high, and the cuticula of separation is clear fully; The adhesion of rare epidermal cell can be satisfied the scientific research test to the cuticular demand that exsomatizes.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) adopt enzyme that the fruit cuticula is separated, its action condition is gentle, can not produce damage to cuticula;
(2) method that adopts two step enzymatic isolation methods of the present invention and acid reagent to combine, its separative efficiency is high, and the cuticula of separation is clear to rarely have the adhesion of epidermal cell fully, can satisfy the scientific research test to the cuticular demand that exsomatizes;
(3) enzymolysis adopts acid reagent that cuticula is handled later on again, and the desquamation that adheres on the cuticula that makes further gets off, thereby makes cuticula separate more thoroughly more fully;
(4) adopt cuticula flat appearance that method of the present invention separates, morphosis is complete, thereby for further carrying out the cuticular scientific research of fruit reliable material source is provided.
Description of drawings
The picture that Fig. 1 examines under a microscope for the stripped cuticula of embodiment 1 tomato;
The picture that Fig. 2 examines under a microscope for the stripped cuticula of reference examples 1 tomato;
The picture that Fig. 3 examines under a microscope for the stripped cuticula of reference examples 2 tomatoes;
Fig. 4 is the stripped cuticula surface three-dimensional structure chart of embodiment 1 tomato;
Fig. 5 is the stripped cuticula surface three-dimensional structure chart of reference examples 1 tomato;
Fig. 6 is the stripped cuticula surface three-dimensional structure charts of reference examples 2 tomatoes;
The picture that Fig. 7 examines under a microscope for the stripped cuticula of embodiment 2 apples;
The picture that Fig. 8 examines under a microscope for the stripped cuticula of embodiment 3 pears;
The picture that Fig. 9 examines under a microscope for the stripped cuticula of embodiment 4 grapes;
The picture that Figure 10 examines under a microscope for the stripped cuticula of embodiment 5 plums;
The picture that Figure 11 examines under a microscope for the stripped cuticula of embodiment 6 mango;
The picture that Figure 12 examines under a microscope for the stripped cuticula of embodiment 7 mango.
The specific embodiment
Come the present invention is done explanation further below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment,, but do not limit the present invention with this so that those skilled in the art more understands the present invention.
Among the present invention, cuticular morphosis of fruit and ultra microstructure after separating are measured and estimated according to following method.
Cuticular morphosis adopts observation by light microscope.Directly cuticula is placed on the slide by conventional method, (BA80 Digital, Motic China) observe and take pictures with the light microscope that has the CCD digital vedio recording.Microscope adopts 10 * object lens to observe, and resolution ratio is set to 800 * 600, obtains the photo of approaching actual cutin tomographic image through " calculating white balance " and " reading background " function.
Cuticular ultra microstructure adopts transmission electron microscope observation.Sample elder generation is after the glutaraldehyde fixer of phosphate buffer preparation and osmic acid (osmium tetroxide) are done forward and backward fixing, and the ethanol gradient is dewatered, Epon 812 embeddings, and the transmission electron microscope observing film making is being dyeed in the ultramicrotome section through acetic acid dioxygen platinum and lead citrate.
The cuticular separation of embodiment 1 tomato
A. prepare raw material: with raw material tomato with flushing with clean water clean after, cut-off directly is the circular pericarp about 2.5cm at fruit fruit cheek place, and the pulp on the pericarp is wiped off, uses the distilled water flushing pericarp again;
B. enzymolysis SCD: preparation enzymolysis liquid, enzymolysis liquid are that to contain mass fraction be 1.5% pectase, 1.5% cellulase, and surplus is that pH is 4.0, concentration is the citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution of 0.05M, in this buffer solution, also contains the NaN of 1mM
3
First step enzymolysis: get the beaker that tomato pericarp among the step a places 50ml; Get the above enzymolysis liquid for preparing 15 ml in beaker; At 40 ℃ of following enzymolysis 12h; Starting oscillator and regulating its rotating speed is 100rmp; Vibration finishes until enzymolysis; Enzymolysis finishes the back and takes out cuticula, uses distilled water flushing;
The second step enzymolysis: the cuticula that will pass through after first step enzymolysis also washes takes out the beaker that places 50ml, gets the above enzymolysis liquid for preparing 10 ml in beaker, and 35 ℃ of following enzymolysis, enzymolysis time are 12h; Starting oscillator and regulating its rotating speed is 100rmp, and vibration finishes until enzymolysis, and enzymolysis finishes the back and takes out cuticula, uses distilled water flushing;
Acid reagent is handled: the cuticula after the learnt from else's experience second step enzymolysis and the flushing adds the 20ml acid reagent in the beaker of 50ml; Above-described acid reagent is for being oxalic acid and ammonium oxalate mixed solution, and described concentration of oxalic acid is 4g/l, and its mass fraction is 0.4%, and ammonium oxalate solution concentration is 16g/l, and mass fraction is 1.6%;
C. clean: get the elder generation of the cuticula behind enzymolysis water flushing among the step b; Boric acid-sodium borate buffer the liquid that adds pH9.0 again cleans under ultrasonic wave; The power that cleans is 100W, cleans till the buffer solution clarification, sticks to acidic materials such as phenols, aliphatic acid etc. in the cuticula with removal;
D. preserve: with the cuticula water flushing that separates and dry to its water content be below 5%, be stored in 2 ℃ the refrigerator subsequent use.
Reference examples 1
The acd step of reference examples 1 is with embodiment 1, and difference is that step b is:
B. enzymolysis SCD: preparation enzymolysis liquid, enzymolysis liquid are that to contain mass fraction be 1.5% pectase, 1.5% cellulase, and surplus is that pH is 4.0, concentration is the citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution of 0.05M, in this buffer solution, also contains the NaN of 1mM
3
Enzymolysis: get the beaker that tomato pericarp among the step a places 50ml, get the above enzymolysis liquid for preparing 10 ml in beaker, at 35 ℃ of following enzymolysis 36h; Starting oscillator and regulating its rotating speed is 100rmp; Vibration finishes until enzymolysis, and enzymolysis finishes the back and takes out cuticula, uses distilled water flushing;
Acid reagent is handled: the cuticula after learnt from else's experience enzymolysis and the flushing adds the 20ml acid reagent in the beaker of 50ml; Above-described acid reagent is for being oxalic acid and ammonium oxalate mixed solution, and described concentration of oxalic acid is 4g/l, and its mass fraction is 0.4%, and ammonium oxalate solution concentration is 16g/l, and mass fraction is 1.6%;
Reference examples 2
The acd step of reference examples 2 is with embodiment 1, and difference is that step b is:
The enzymolysis SCD: the preparation enzymolysis liquid, enzymolysis liquid is that to contain mass fraction be 1.5% pectase, 1.5% cellulase, surplus is that pH is 4.0, concentration is the citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution of 0.05M, in this buffer solution, also contains the NaN of 1mM
3
First step enzymolysis: get the beaker that tomato pericarp among the step a places 50ml; Get the above enzymolysis liquid for preparing 10 ml in beaker; At 35 ℃ of following enzymolysis 12h; Starting oscillator and regulating its rotating speed is 100rmp; Vibration finishes until enzymolysis; Enzymolysis finishes the back and takes out cuticula, uses distilled water flushing;
The second step enzymolysis: the cuticula that will pass through after first step enzymolysis also washes takes out the beaker that places 50ml, gets the above enzymolysis liquid for preparing 10 ml in beaker, and 35 ℃ of following enzymolysis, enzymolysis time are 12h; Starting oscillator and regulating its rotating speed is 100rmp, and vibration finishes until enzymolysis, and enzymolysis finishes the back and takes out cuticula, uses distilled water flushing;
Table 1 cuticula separative efficiency and effect comparison table
| ? | Embodiment 1 | Reference examples 1 | Reference examples 2 |
| Enzymolysis time/h | 24 | 36 | 24 |
| Cuticula definition under the light microscopic | Morphosis is clear fully | Morphosis is unintelligible | Morphosis is unintelligible |
| Epidermal cell adheres to | Almost do not have | The epidermal cell more than 80% that accounts for cuticula portion area adheres to | 10% the epidermal cell that accounts for cuticula portion area adheres to |
| Cutin laminar surface 3-D solid structure under the Electronic Speculum | Clear in structure | Three-dimensional structure is unintelligible | Three-dimensional structure is unintelligible |
Interpretation of result: compare with embodiment 1, reference examples 1 adopts a step enzymolysis to handle the method that combines with acid reagent, and its enzymolysis time is 36 h, be longer than two step enzymatic isolation methods; Reference examples 2 adopts two step enzymatic isolation methods, does not add acid reagent, and the cuticula behind the enzymolysis will be inferior to embodiment 1 on apparent condition.Therefore, no matter be from the processing time, the still cuticula form after separate, it is best adopting two step enzymatic isolation methods to combine the method for processing pericarp SCD with acid reagent.
The cuticular separation of embodiment 2 apples
A. prepare raw material: with the raw material apple with flushing with clean water clean after, cut-off directly is the circular pericarp about 2cm at fruit fruit cheek place, and the pulp on the pericarp is wiped off, uses the distilled water flushing pericarp again;
B. enzymolysis SCD: preparation enzymolysis liquid, enzymolysis liquid are that to contain mass fraction be 1.5% pectase, 1.5% cellulase, and surplus is that pH is 4.0, concentration is the citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution of 0.05M, in this buffer solution, also contains the NaN of 1mM
3
First step enzymolysis: get the beaker that apple pericarp among the step a places 50ml; Get the above enzymolysis liquid for preparing 10 ml in beaker; At 35 ℃ of following enzymolysis 48h; Starting oscillator and regulating its rotating speed is 100rmp; Vibration finishes until enzymolysis; Enzymolysis finishes the back and takes out cuticula, uses distilled water flushing;
The second step enzymolysis: the cuticula that will pass through after first step enzymolysis also washes takes out the beaker that places 50ml, gets the above enzymolysis liquid for preparing 10 ml in beaker, and 35 ℃ of following enzymolysis, enzymolysis time are 24h; Starting oscillator and regulating its rotating speed is 100rmp, and vibration finishes until enzymolysis, and enzymolysis finishes the back and takes out cuticula, uses distilled water flushing;
Acid reagent is handled: the cuticula after the learnt from else's experience second step enzymolysis and the flushing adds the 20ml acid reagent in the beaker of 50ml; Above-described acid reagent is for being oxalic acid and ammonium oxalate mixed solution, and described concentration of oxalic acid is 4g/l, and its mass fraction is 0.4%, and ammonium oxalate solution concentration is 16g/l, and mass fraction is 1.6%;
C. clean: get the elder generation of the cuticula behind enzymolysis water flushing among the step b; Boric acid-sodium borate buffer the liquid that adds pH9.0 again cleans under ultrasonic wave; The power that cleans is 80W, cleans till the buffer solution clarification, sticks to acidic materials such as phenols, aliphatic acid etc. in the cuticula with removal;
D. preserve: with the cuticula water flushing that separates and dry to its water content be below 5%, be stored in 2 ℃ the refrigerator subsequent use.
The cuticular separation of embodiment 3 white pears
A. prepare raw material: with white pear with flushing with clean water clean after, cut-off directly is the circular pericarp about 2.5cm at fruit fruit cheek place, and the pulp on the pericarp is wiped off, uses the distilled water flushing pericarp again;
B. enzymolysis SCD: preparation enzymolysis liquid, enzymolysis liquid are that to contain mass fraction be 1.5% pectase, 1.5% cellulase, and surplus is that pH is 4.0, concentration is the citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution of 0.05M, in this buffer solution, also contains the NaN of 1mM
3
First step enzymolysis: get the beaker that white pear pericarp among the step a places 50ml; Get the above enzymolysis liquid for preparing 10 ml in beaker; At 35 ℃ of following enzymolysis 48h; Starting oscillator and regulating its rotating speed is 100rmp; Vibration finishes until enzymolysis; Enzymolysis finishes the back and takes out cuticula, uses distilled water flushing;
The second step enzymolysis: the cuticula that will pass through after first step enzymolysis also washes takes out the beaker that places 50ml, gets the above enzymolysis liquid for preparing 10 ml in beaker, and 35 ℃ of following enzymolysis, enzymolysis time are 24h; Starting oscillator and regulating its rotating speed is 100rmp, and vibration finishes until enzymolysis, and enzymolysis finishes the back and takes out cuticula, uses distilled water flushing;
Acid reagent is handled: the cuticula after the learnt from else's experience second step enzymolysis and the flushing adds the 20ml acid reagent in the beaker of 50ml; Above-described acid reagent is for being oxalic acid and ammonium oxalate mixed solution, and described concentration of oxalic acid is 4g/l, and its mass fraction is 0.4%, and ammonium oxalate solution concentration is 16g/l, and mass fraction is 1.6%;
C. clean: get the elder generation of the cuticula behind enzymolysis water flushing among the step b; Boric acid-sodium borate buffer the liquid that adds pH9.0 again cleans under ultrasonic wave; The power that cleans is 80W, cleans till the buffer solution clarification, sticks to acidic materials such as phenols, aliphatic acid etc. in the cuticula with removal;
D. preserve: with the cuticula water flushing that separates and dry to its water content be below 5%, be stored in 2 ℃ the refrigerator subsequent use.
The cuticular separation of embodiment 4 grapes
A. prepare raw material: with the raw material grape with flushing with clean water clean after, cut-off directly is the circular pericarp about 2.5cm at fruit fruit cheek place, and the pulp on the pericarp is wiped off, uses the distilled water flushing pericarp again;
B. enzymolysis SCD: preparation enzymolysis liquid, enzymolysis liquid are that to contain mass fraction be 1.5% pectase, 1.5% cellulase, and surplus is that pH is 4.0, concentration is the citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution of 0.05M, in this buffer solution, also contains the NaN of 1mM
3
First step enzymolysis: get the beaker that grape pericarp among the step a places 50ml; Get the above enzymolysis liquid for preparing 10 ml in beaker; At 35 ℃ of following enzymolysis 60h; Starting oscillator and regulating its rotating speed is 100rmp; Vibration finishes until enzymolysis; Enzymolysis finishes the back and takes out cuticula, uses distilled water flushing;
The second step enzymolysis: the cuticula that will pass through after first step enzymolysis also washes takes out the beaker that places 50ml, gets the above enzymolysis liquid for preparing 10 ml in beaker, and 35 ℃ of following enzymolysis, enzymolysis time are 24h; Starting oscillator and regulating its rotating speed is 100rmp, and vibration finishes until enzymolysis, and enzymolysis finishes the back and takes out cuticula, uses distilled water flushing;
Acid reagent is handled: the cuticula after the learnt from else's experience second step enzymolysis and the flushing adds the 20ml acid reagent in the beaker of 50ml; Above-described acid reagent is for being oxalic acid and ammonium oxalate mixed solution, and described concentration of oxalic acid is 4g/l, and its mass fraction is 0.4%, and ammonium oxalate solution concentration is 16g/l, and mass fraction is 1.6%;
C. clean: get the elder generation of the cuticula behind enzymolysis water flushing among the step b; Boric acid-sodium borate buffer the liquid that adds pH9.0 again cleans under ultrasonic wave; The power that cleans is 80W, cleans till the buffer solution clarification, sticks to acidic materials such as phenols, aliphatic acid etc. in the cuticula with removal;
D. preserve: with the cuticula water flushing that separates and dry to its water content be below 5%, be stored in 2 ℃ the refrigerator subsequent use.
The cuticular separation of embodiment 5 plums
A. prepare raw material: with the raw material plum with flushing with clean water clean after, cut-off directly is the circular pericarp about 2.5cm at fruit fruit cheek place, and the pulp on the pericarp is wiped off, uses the distilled water flushing pericarp again;
B. enzymolysis SCD: preparation enzymolysis liquid, enzymolysis liquid are that to contain mass fraction be 1.5% pectase, 1.5% cellulase, and surplus is that pH is 4.0, concentration is the citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution of 0.05M, in this buffer solution, also contains the NaN of 1mM
3
First step enzymolysis: get the beaker that plum pericarp among the step a places 50ml; Get the above enzymolysis liquid for preparing 10 ml in beaker; At 40 ℃ of following enzymolysis 24h; Starting oscillator and regulating its rotating speed is 100rmp; Vibration finishes until enzymolysis; Enzymolysis finishes the back and takes out cuticula, uses distilled water flushing;
The second step enzymolysis: the cuticula that will pass through after first step enzymolysis also washes takes out the beaker that places 50ml, gets the above enzymolysis liquid for preparing 10 ml in beaker, and 40 ℃ of following enzymolysis, enzymolysis time are 12h; Starting oscillator and regulating its rotating speed is 100rmp, and vibration finishes until enzymolysis, and enzymolysis finishes the back and takes out cuticula, uses distilled water flushing;
Acid reagent is handled: the cuticula after the learnt from else's experience second step enzymolysis and the flushing adds the 20ml acid reagent in the beaker of 50ml; Above-described acid reagent is for being oxalic acid and ammonium oxalate mixed solution, and described concentration of oxalic acid is 4g/l, and its mass fraction is 0.4%, and ammonium oxalate solution concentration is 16g/l, and mass fraction is 1.6%;
C. clean: get the elder generation of the cuticula behind enzymolysis water flushing among the step b; Boric acid-sodium borate buffer the liquid that adds pH9.0 again cleans under ultrasonic wave; The power that cleans is 80W, cleans till the buffer solution clarification, sticks to acidic materials such as phenols, aliphatic acid etc. in the cuticula with removal;
D. preserve: with the cuticula water flushing that separates and dry to its water content be below 5%, be stored in 2 ℃ the refrigerator subsequent use.
The cuticular separation of embodiment 6 mango
A. prepare raw material: with raw material mango with flushing with clean water clean after, cut-off directly is the circular pericarp about 2.5cm at fruit fruit cheek place, and the pulp on the pericarp is wiped off, uses the distilled water flushing pericarp again;
B. enzymolysis SCD: preparation enzymolysis liquid, enzymolysis liquid are that to contain mass fraction be 1.5% pectase, 1.5% cellulase, and surplus is that pH is 4.0, concentration is the citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution of 0.05M, in this buffer solution, also contains the NaN of 1mM
3
First step enzymolysis: get the beaker that mango pericarp among the step a places 50ml; Get the above enzymolysis liquid for preparing 10 ml in beaker; At 35 ℃ of following enzymolysis 50h; Starting oscillator and regulating its rotating speed is 100rmp; Vibration finishes until enzymolysis; Enzymolysis finishes the back and takes out cuticula, uses distilled water flushing;
The second step enzymolysis: the cuticula that will pass through after first step enzymolysis also washes takes out the beaker that places 50ml, gets the above enzymolysis liquid for preparing 10 ml in beaker, and 35 ℃ of following enzymolysis, enzymolysis time are 12h; Starting oscillator and regulating its rotating speed is 100rmp, and vibration finishes until enzymolysis, and enzymolysis finishes the back and takes out cuticula, uses distilled water flushing;
Acid reagent is handled: the cuticula after the learnt from else's experience second step enzymolysis and the flushing adds the 20ml acid reagent in the beaker of 50ml; Above-described acid reagent is for being oxalic acid and ammonium oxalate mixed solution, and described concentration of oxalic acid is 4g/l, and its mass fraction is 0.4%, and ammonium oxalate solution concentration is 16g/l, and mass fraction is 1.6%;
C. clean: get the elder generation of the cuticula behind enzymolysis water flushing among the step b; Boric acid-sodium borate buffer the liquid that adds pH9.0 again cleans under ultrasonic wave; The power that cleans is 80W, cleans till the buffer solution clarification, sticks to acidic materials such as phenols, aliphatic acid etc. in the cuticula with removal;
D. preserve: with the cuticula water flushing that separates and dry to its water content be below 5%, be stored in 2 ℃ the refrigerator subsequent use.
The cuticular separation of embodiment 7 mango
Be that with the difference of embodiment 6 adding acid reagent processed steps is among the embodiment 7: the cuticula after the learnt from else's experience second step enzymolysis and the flushing adds the 20ml acid reagent in the beaker of 50ml; This acid reagent is nitric acid and saturated potassium chlorate solution, and the salpeter solution of described saturated potassium chlorate is with after 1 times of the red fuming nitric acid (RFNA) dilution, adds solid K ClO
3Be dissolved to saturated, the salpeter solution of saturated potassium chlorate, instant joining.
Claims (6)
1. the cuticula separation method of fruit comprises and gets pericarp, enzymolysis SCD, cleaning cuticula, preservation cuticula, it is characterized in that: described enzymolysis SCD is two step enzymatic isolation method enzymolysis, and then the processing of adding acid reagent;
In wherein said two step enzyme solution, containing mass fraction in the enzymolysis liquid is 1～2% pectase, 1～2% cellulase, and surplus is that pH is 3.8～4.2, concentration is the citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution of 0.05M, in this buffer solution, also contains the NaN of 1mM
3
First step enzymatic hydrolysis condition is: pericarp is placed the beaker that fills enzymolysis liquid in 35～40 ℃ of following enzymolysis; Enzymolysis time is 12～72h; During enzymolysis; Place oscillator to vibrate in the beaker that fills pericarp and enzymolysis liquid; The rotating speed of vibration is 80～120rmp; Vibration finishes until enzymolysis, and enzymolysis finishes the back and takes out cuticula, uses the distilled water flushing cuticula;
The second step enzymatic hydrolysis condition is: will pass through the cuticula that obtains after first step enzymolysis and the flushing and place the beaker that fills enzymolysis liquid, in 35～40 ℃ of following enzymolysis, enzymolysis time is 12～24h; During enzymolysis, place oscillator to vibrate in the beaker that fills cuticula and enzymolysis liquid, the rotating speed of vibration is 80～120rmp, and vibration finishes until enzymolysis, and enzymolysis finishes the back and takes out cuticula, uses the distilled water flushing cuticula;
The concrete steps that adopt acid reagent to handle are: will take out through the cuticula of the second step enzymolysis and flushing, add acid reagent; Above-described acid reagent is the mixed solution of oxalic acid and ammonium oxalate or the salpeter solution of saturated potassium chlorate, and described concentration of oxalic acid is 4g/l, and its mass fraction is 0.4%, and ammonium oxalate solution concentration is 16g/l, and mass fraction is 1.6%; The salpeter solution of described saturated potassium chlorate is with after 1 times of the red fuming nitric acid (RFNA) dilution, adds solid K ClO3 and is dissolved to saturated.
2. the cuticula separation method of fruit as claimed in claim 1 comprises following step:
A. prepare raw material: get the pericarp of fruit, pericarp is cut into the circle that diameter is 1.5～2.5cm;
B. enzymolysis SCD: preparation enzymolysis liquid; Containing mass fraction in the enzymolysis liquid is 1～2% pectase, 1～2% cellulase; Surplus is that pH is 3.8～4.2, concentration is the citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution of 0.05M, in this buffer solution, also contains the NaN of 1mM
3
First step enzymolysis: get the beaker that circular pericarp among the step a places 50ml; Get the above enzymolysis liquid for preparing 10～25 ml in beaker; At 35～40 ℃ of following enzymolysis 12～72h; During enzymolysis; Starting oscillator and regulating its rotating speed is 80～120rmp; Vibration finishes until enzymolysis, and enzymolysis finishes the back and takes out cuticula, uses distilled water flushing;
The second step enzymolysis: the cuticula that will pass through after first step enzymolysis also washes takes out the beaker that places 50ml, gets the above enzymolysis liquid for preparing 10～25 ml in beaker, and 35～40 ℃ of following enzymolysis, enzymolysis time are 12～24h; During enzymolysis, starting oscillator and regulating its rotating speed is 80～120rmp, and vibration finishes until enzymolysis, and enzymolysis finishes the back and takes out cuticula, uses distilled water flushing;
Acid reagent is handled: the cuticula after the learnt from else's experience second step enzymolysis and the flushing adds 20～50ml acid reagent in the beaker of 50ml; Above-described acid reagent is the salpeter solution of oxalic acid and ammonium oxalate mixed solution or saturated potassium chlorate, and described concentration of oxalic acid is 4g/l, and its mass fraction is 0.4%, and ammonium oxalate solution concentration is 16g/l, and mass fraction is 1.6%; The salpeter solution of described saturated potassium chlorate is with after 1 times of the red fuming nitric acid (RFNA) dilution, adds solid K ClO
3Be dissolved to saturated;
C. clean: get the flushing of the cuticula water behind the enzymolysis among the step b, the boric acid-sodium borate buffer liquid that adds pH9.0 cleans, till the buffer solution clarification;
D. preserve: with the cuticula water flushing that separates and dry to its water content be below 5%, be stored in 1～4 ℃ the refrigerator subsequent use.
3. the cuticula separation method of fruit according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: the rotating speed of described oscillator is 100rmp.
4. the cuticula separation method of fruit according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described acid reagent is oxalic acid and ammonium oxalate mixed solution, wherein; Concentration of oxalic acid is 4g/l; Its mass fraction is 0.4%, and ammonium oxalate solution concentration is 16g/l, and mass fraction is 1.6%.
5. the cuticula separation method of fruit as claimed in claim 1 comprises following step:
A. prepare raw material: get the pericarp of fruit, pericarp is cut into the circle that diameter is 2.5cm;
B. enzymolysis SCD: preparation enzymolysis liquid, enzymolysis liquid are that to contain mass fraction be 1.5% pectase, 1.5% cellulase, and surplus is that pH is 4.0, concentration is the citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution of 0.05M, in this buffer solution, also contains the NaN of 1mM
3
First step enzymolysis: the beaker that the circular pericarp among the step a is placed 50ml; Get the above enzymolysis liquid for preparing 15 ml in beaker; At 40 ℃ of following enzymolysis 12h; Starting oscillator and regulating its rotating speed is 100rmp; Vibration finishes until enzymolysis; Enzymolysis finishes the back and takes out cuticula, uses distilled water flushing;
The second step enzymolysis: the cuticula that will pass through after first step enzymolysis also washes takes out the beaker that places 50ml, gets the above enzymolysis liquid for preparing 10 ml in beaker, and 35 ℃ of following enzymolysis, enzymolysis time are 12h; Starting oscillator and regulating its rotating speed is 100rmp, and vibration finishes until enzymolysis, and enzymolysis finishes the back and takes out cuticula, uses distilled water flushing;
Acid reagent is handled: the cuticula after the learnt from else's experience second step enzymolysis and the flushing adds the 20ml acid reagent in the beaker of 50ml; Above-described acid reagent is for being oxalic acid and ammonium oxalate mixed solution or nitric acid and saturated potassium chlorate solution, and described concentration of oxalic acid is 4g/l, and its mass fraction is 0.4%, and ammonium oxalate solution concentration is 16g/l, and mass fraction is 1.6%;
C. clean: get the flushing of the cuticula water behind the enzymolysis among the step b, the boric acid-sodium borate buffer liquid that adds pH9.0 cleans under ultrasonic wave, and the power of cleaning is 100W, cleans till the buffer solution clarification;
D. preserve: with the cuticula water flushing that separates and dry to its water content be below 5%, be stored in 2 ℃ the refrigerator subsequent use.
6. according to the cuticula separation method of each described fruit in claim 1 or 2 or 5, it is characterized in that: described fruit is any in tomato, apple, pears, grape, plum, the mango.
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103004954A (en) * | 2012-12-12 | 2013-04-03 | 安徽农业大学 | Method for peeling off yellow peaches |
| CN104799408A (en) * | 2015-05-18 | 2015-07-29 | 吉首大学 | Drum screen type fire peeling device for plums |
| CN106617162A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-05-10 | 蚌埠市众星蔬果科技专业合作社联合社 | Potato peeling method |
| CN107594436A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2018-01-19 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院农产品加工研究所 | A kind of passion fruit jam and preparation method thereof |
| CN108977406A (en) * | 2018-08-23 | 2018-12-11 | 北京林业大学 | A kind of method of quick separating plant leaf blade cuticula |
| CN109043594A (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2018-12-21 | 山东商业职业技术学院 | A kind of Peach fruits cuticula separation equipment and separation method |
| CN109535278A (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2019-03-29 | 盐城工学院 | A method of pectin is extracted from passion fruit pericarp |
| CN110655688A (en) * | 2019-10-16 | 2020-01-07 | 闽南师范大学 | Hydrophobic food packaging film and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103004954A (en) * | 2012-12-12 | 2013-04-03 | 安徽农业大学 | Method for peeling off yellow peaches |
| CN104799408A (en) * | 2015-05-18 | 2015-07-29 | 吉首大学 | Drum screen type fire peeling device for plums |
| CN106617162A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-05-10 | 蚌埠市众星蔬果科技专业合作社联合社 | Potato peeling method |
| CN107594436A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2018-01-19 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院农产品加工研究所 | A kind of passion fruit jam and preparation method thereof |
| CN108977406A (en) * | 2018-08-23 | 2018-12-11 | 北京林业大学 | A kind of method of quick separating plant leaf blade cuticula |
| CN109043594A (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2018-12-21 | 山东商业职业技术学院 | A kind of Peach fruits cuticula separation equipment and separation method |
| CN109043594B (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2024-02-02 | 山东商业职业技术学院 | Peach fruit cuticle separation equipment and separation method |
| CN109535278A (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2019-03-29 | 盐城工学院 | A method of pectin is extracted from passion fruit pericarp |
| CN110655688A (en) * | 2019-10-16 | 2020-01-07 | 闽南师范大学 | Hydrophobic food packaging film and preparation method thereof |
| CN110686954A (en) * | 2019-11-12 | 2020-01-14 | 兰州大学 | Pretreatment method for extracting plant fossil cuticle |
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