CN102340667B - Distributed image transmission method oriented to wireless multimedia sensor network - Google Patents

Distributed image transmission method oriented to wireless multimedia sensor network Download PDF

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CN102340667B
CN102340667B CN2011102761094A CN201110276109A CN102340667B CN 102340667 B CN102340667 B CN 102340667B CN 2011102761094 A CN2011102761094 A CN 2011102761094A CN 201110276109 A CN201110276109 A CN 201110276109A CN 102340667 B CN102340667 B CN 102340667B
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田丰
刘佳
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Shenyang Aerospace University
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Abstract

The invention relates to a distributed image transmission method oriented to a wireless multimedia sensor network, which is designed to solve the problem that limited resources cannot be fully utilized because the resources of the wireless multimedia sensor network are seriously limited and the energy consumption stresses of nodes are not balanced. The method takes a concurrent computation concept as a basis and is based on the high-efficiency energy-saving distributed image compression algorithm of JPEG2000. During clustering, the algorithm introduces a node campaign factor and a communication cost function, self-adaptive optimal distribution of compression bit rates is conducted to an image block according to the gradient magnitude of an image and finally data information molecule bands after wavelet transformation in an image compression process are separately coded. The distributed image transmission method oriented to the wireless multimedia sensor network has the characteristics and the advantages that on the premise that image quality is guaranteed, the large-size high-resolution image transmission is realized in the wireless multimedia sensor network with seriously limited resources at low energy consumption and in load balance, the energy consumption stresses of camera nodes can be greatly relieved, the image acquisition and compression energy consumption stresses of a cluster-head node layer can be decomposed to a redundantly-deployed common node layer through the cooperation between the common node layers and the cluster-head node layer, the energy consumed by the cluster-head node layer can be effectively decreased by 25 percent in each turn, at the same time, the energy consumption of network nodes can be greatly balanced and the lifecycle of the network is prolonged by 15 percent.

Description

A kind of distributed image transmission method towards wireless multimedia sensor network
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of image transfer method, relate in particular to a kind of distributed image transmission method towards wireless multimedia sensor network.
Background technology
Along with the development of hardware technology, cheap CMOS camera and the appearance of microphone, and to the image that contains abundant information of monitoring target, the active demand of Voice ﹠ Video data, caused the appearance of wireless multimedia sensor network (WMSNs).WMSNs generally is deployed in the task of independently completing appointment in unattended environment by the distributed sensing network that one group of multimedia sensor node with calculating, storage and communication capacity forms, and is a kind of foundation-free facility network of energy consumption sensitivity.Typical WMSNs generally is comprised of multimedia sensor node, aggregation node, base station, it is by means of media (audio frequency, video, image, the numerical value etc.) information of multi-media sensor perception place surrounding enviroment on node, thereby then is sent to wirelessly aggregation node by the multi-hop route. the monitoring of autonomous realization to surrounding environment.
IMAQ and compression are to carry out two the most key technology of image transmitting at WMSNs, directly have influence on the service quality of its perception.To carry out collection and the transmission of image in WMSNs, node in network must satisfy the real-time collection to initial data, the compression ratio of node requirement simultaneously is higher, existing traditional image compression algorithm calculation of complex, expense are large, and are not suitable for the serious limited wireless multimedia sensor of resource.In addition, the data wireless transmitting-receiving energy consumption that comprises image information is larger, and how these data are also problem demanding prompt solutions in the transmission of network low energy consumption.
WMSNs combines sensor technology, multimedia technology, embedded computing technique, distributed information processing, wireless communication technology etc., is the research field that novel a, forward position, multidisciplinary height intersect.Compare with the traditional wireless sensor networks that only has simple environmental data collection function, wireless multimedia sensor network expands to physical space arbitrarily with the mankind's the visual field, change deeply the interactive mode of people and physical world, had boundless application prospect in fields such as military, civilian and business.Due to the huge using value of WMSNs, it has caused the very big concern of world many countries military service and academia.In time carry out the research that this has the frontier science and technology of profound influence, obtain to have the correlation technique of China's independent intellectual property right, be of great immediate significance and far-reaching strategic importance.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is in order to solve because the wireless multimedia sensor network resource is seriously limited, and each node energy consumption pressure is unbalanced, the problem that limited resources are not fully utilized, and according to the characteristics of WMSNs topological structure, a kind of distributed image transmission method towards wireless multimedia sensor network is provided, and the method is take parallel computation thought as the basis, based on the distributed image transmission of JPEG2000, employing is divided into node the structure of ordinary node layer and camera node layer, and its step is as follows:
Step 1: wake camera node up, when the node of ordinary node layer detected the monitored area and has abnormal conditions to occur, their can wake camera node up by agreement mechanism;
Step 2: sub-clustering, select bunch head to introduce the node election contest factor and a communication cost function, self-organizing forms bunch;
Step 3: image is processed, and the synthetic image visual signature carries out distributed image compression and transmission.
characteristics of the present invention and beneficial effect: in the situation that guarantee picture quality, with low energy consumption in the serious limited wireless multimedia sensor network of resource, load balancing realize large scale, high-resolution image transmitting, and can greatly alleviate the energy consumption pressure of camera node, by cooperating of ordinary node layer and leader cluster node interlayer, IMAQ and the compression energy consumption pressure of leader cluster node layer are decomposed the ordinary node layer of disposing redundancy, every round effectively reduces leader cluster node layer 25% energy consumption, while is the balancing network node energy consumption greatly, extend 15% network lifecycle.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 camera node wakes flow chart up;
Fig. 2 IMAQ and transfer process figure;
Fig. 3 JPEG2000 distributed coding block diagram.
Embodiment:
Referring to Fig. 1-Fig. 3, a kind of distributed image transmission method towards wireless multimedia sensor network, the method are take parallel computation thought as the basis, based on the distributed image transmission of JPEG2000, employing is divided into node the structure of ordinary node layer and camera node layer, and its step is as follows:
Step 1: wake camera node up, when the node of ordinary node layer detected the monitored area and has abnormal conditions to occur, their can wake camera node up by agreement mechanism;
Step 2: sub-clustering, select bunch head to introduce the node election contest factor and a communication cost function, self-organizing forms bunch;
Step 3: image is processed, and the synthetic image visual signature carries out distributed image compression and transmission.
Wherein:
It is as follows that camera node wakes flow process up:
(1) after wireless multimedia sensor network is disposed, the camera node layer is in resting state, and ordinary node is surveyed surrounding enviroment incessantly;
(2) when Event triggered is arranged, the ordinary node reported event is extremely apart from self nearest camera node, and camera node is broadcasted this event message with the communication radius of setting;
(3) competition wakes up all camera nodes that cover this event based on self rest energy;
(4) the successful camera node of competition is broadcasted oneself state message immediately, and the preparation for acquiring image.
The idiographic flow of sub-clustering is as follows:
(1) base station broadcast creates routing iinformation, and node obtains the election contest factor of oneself according to routing iinformation and dump energy, and election contest bunch head;
(2) node that election contest is failed is selected bunch head according to the communication cost function.
The idiographic flow that image is processed is as follows:
(1) with the original image piecemeal, define the gradient magnitude of the marginal information that comprises in each image block, with its value, compression bit rate is carried out adaptive optimization and distribute, piecemeal carries out wavelet transformation;
(2) consider serious limited this problem of WMSNs resource, LL, LH, HL and HH information after adopting distributed coded system to wavelet transformation are carried out distributed EBC and are encoded.
Transfer of data communications protocol in the method is as follows:
1). camera node and neighbours' leader cluster node adopt the F1 frequency, realize communication in the TDMA mode;
2). all leader cluster nodes and its child node are adopted the F2 frequency, realize communication in the TDMA mode;
3). adopt the CDMA mode between bunch.
Embodiment
The present invention is divided into ordinary node layer and camera node layer with node, after wireless multimedia sensor network is disposed, the camera node layer generally is in resting state, abnormal conditions (such as temperature anomaly, sharp pounding etc. is arranged) are arranged when occurring, they can wake camera node up when the node of ordinary node layer detects the monitored area.Camera node is opened camera and is carried out information gathering and carry out preliminary treatment, with the original image piecemeal, the compression duty of every is assigned in a plurality of bunches, introduce the node election contest factor and communication cost function when sub-clustering, the load of node in balancing network reduces the energy consumption expense of view data in transmitting procedure.Carry out the adaptive optimization distribution of compression bit rate according to the gradient magnitude of image when compression, comprise the more image block of marginal information and will obtain more compression bit rate and divide frequency band to encode separately the data message after wavelet transformation at last, alleviate the energy consumption pressure of leader cluster node.
With reference to Fig. 1, the camera node arouse machine processed, although the distributed arouse machine processed of the present invention's design needs camera node to participate in and requires the expenditure of energy, its communication delay is lower, has good extensibility, is more suitable in extensive WMSNs, idiographic flow is as follows:
Step 1: camera node broadcasting HELLO message, the nearest camera node of all ordinary node recording distances self is as the reporting events node;
Step 2: ordinary node is surveyed surrounding enviroment incessantly.When detecting the monitored area and have abnormal conditions (such as temperature anomaly, sharp pounding etc. is arranged) event or previous perception events to finish, the mode by the minimum hop count route reports to nearest camera node to ordinary node with event relevant information, self identification, position and perception radius;
Step 3: receive from the camera node of ordinary node event message and broadcast this event message with the communication radius of setting.Then, all camera nodes that receive event message judge according to ordinary node position and the perception radius of this event of perception whether self covers this event.
Step 4: competition wakes up all camera nodes that cover this event based on self rest energy; Compete successful camera node and broadcast immediately oneself state message, and the preparation for acquiring image.
With reference to Fig. 2, the network topology structure of WMSNs when carrying out IMAQ and transmission, in figure, mark S is camera node; D is aggregation node; P11-P14 is leader cluster node; HH i, HL i, LH iAnd LL iIt is the sub-band information of node processing.
Arbitrary node in network has unique No. ID and the dump energy of energy perception oneself, and after camera node and ordinary node are disposed, the position all no longer changes, and the concrete implementation step of IMAQ and transmission is as follows:
Step 1: camera node collects informing base station after image, and l is broadcasted immediately in the base station in its effective communication radius 0=0 information, l iIt is the jumping figure that each node is arrived in the base station.Node is received after this information the l with oneself iChange l into i=l 0+ 1, then node i continues broadcast establishment information.When the down hop neighbor node of node i is received this information, own jumping figure with the base station is made as l j=l i+ 1.Work as l jDuring greater than default jumping figure threshold value, go off the air.If node is repeatedly received establishing route information, choose the jumping figure value of minimum wherein, all nodes according to the jumping figure of base station, computational logic position weights
Figure BDA0000091875350000051
l maxIt is the maximum hop count of nodes and base station;
Step 2: all nodes are according to the distance of self and camera node, according to formula
Figure BDA0000091875350000052
Calculate the logical place weights of self, wherein, camera node is s, d maxAnd d minBe respectively in network arbitrary node i apart from ultimate range and the minimum range of camera node.Node i is d (i, s) to the distance of camera node.
Step 3: according to formula
Figure BDA0000091875350000053
Computing network every average energy consumption of taking turns that is in operation, E Ave_rEvery average energy consumption of taking turns nodes, E Current(i) be the current remaining of node i, for reaching E Current(i) 〉=E Ave_rThe node that requires, the leader cluster node of having an opportunity to compete;
Step 4: reach the node of election contest condition according to formula W (i)=(1-k) * w 1+ k*w 2And formula
Figure BDA0000091875350000054
Calculate oneself apart from the factor and load factor, at last according to formula T ( i ) = p 1 - p [ r mod ( 1 / p ) ] [ μ * W ( i ) + E foreoast ( i ) ] , ∀ i ∈ G ′ 0 , ∀ i ∉ G ′ Elect leader cluster node;
Step 5: leader cluster node according to the distance of camera node, self-organizing forms a virtual cluster chain, a bunch chain default camera node is first leader cluster node.Remaining ordinary node is according to formula cost (c i, i)=f 1(d (c i, i))+f 2(d (c I_next, i)), wherein
Figure BDA0000091875350000056
I is ordinary node, c iBe any leader cluster node of electing, c I_nextLeader cluster node c iThe next-hop cluster head node.d(c i, i) and d (c I_next, be i) that node i arrives leader cluster node c iAnd c I_nextDistance, d I_maxThat node i is to the ultimate range of the leader cluster node of electing.For arbitrary node i, select cost (c i, i) minimum leader cluster node c iAdd, self-organizing forms bunch;
Step 6: camera node carries out preliminary treatment to image, and view data is divided into the M piece.In conjunction with the visual signature of human eye, according to formula
Figure BDA0000091875350000061
Define the gradient magnitude of the marginal information that comprises in each image block, by formula g (x, y)=| f (x, y)-f (x+1, y+1) |+| f (x+1, y)-f (x, y+1) | characterize the gradient magnitude of each image slices vegetarian refreshments, at last according to formula
Figure BDA0000091875350000062
The compression bit rate that calculates;
Step 7: br by formula i=w i* M*Br carries out the adaptive optimization distribution of compression bit rate;
Step 8: camera node is chosen M leader cluster node of dump energy maximum, carries out the data processing task of wavelet transformation;
Step 9: leader cluster node is with the final wavelet conversion coefficients of 16 short type data storage, and bunch in choose the dump energy maximum node LL, LH, HL and HH information are encoded separately;
Step 10: if do not meet the requirements of compression ratio, LL information is gathered to camera node, according to step 5, carry out the next round image and process, all the other information after coding, transfer to the base station according to step 8;
Step 11: so go on, the data after encoding at last will be by leader cluster node with code check br iAdopt the multi-hop communication mode to transfer to the base station.
In addition, for wireless multimedia sensor network, the jumping figure between source node and destination node is enough large for single bunch of one-level small echo, so, near the node of aggregation node, too large calculated load is arranged unlikely.
JPEG2000 coding block diagram after improving with reference to Fig. 3, the present invention is according to the concrete characteristics of WMSNs network, and this paper improves original, centralized JPEG2000 encryption algorithm from three aspects.
Step 1: for the storage of WMSNs individual node, the limited problem of computing capability, this programme carries out preliminary treatment by camera node to raw image data, raw image data is divided into piece, piecemeal is replaced traditional wavelet transform with distributed wavelet transform;
Step 2: quantize, in conjunction with visual characteristics of human eyes, comprise the information at edge according to image block, adaptive optimization distributes compression bit rate, to guarantee picture quality;
Step 3: consider serious limited this problem of WMSNs resource, take full advantage of the ordinary node layer of disposing redundancy, adopt distributed coded system to carry out distributed EBC coding to LL, LH, HL and HH information;
Step 4: when not meeting the requirements of compression ratio, the LL information reconstructed picture of sensitivity during only to eye recognition, resulting four LL sub-band informations are carried out Second Wavelet Transform, the information of all the other frequency range LH, HL and HH is directly pressed the distributed EBC coding of subband, forms the JPEG2000 code stream and transfers to aggregation node D.

Claims (3)

1. distributed image transmission method towards wireless multimedia sensor network, the method is take parallel computation thought as the basis, based on the distributed image transmission of JPEG2000, adopt the structure that node is divided into ordinary node layer and camera node layer, its step is as follows:
Step 1: wake camera node up, when the node of ordinary node layer detected the monitored area and has abnormal conditions to occur, their can wake camera node up by agreement mechanism;
Step 2: sub-clustering, select bunch head to introduce the node election contest factor and a communication cost function, self-organizing forms bunch;
Step 3: image is processed, and the synthetic image visual signature carries out distributed image compression and transmission;
It is as follows that camera node wakes flow process up:
(1) after wireless multimedia sensor network is disposed, the camera node layer is in resting state, and ordinary node is surveyed surrounding enviroment incessantly;
(2) when Event triggered is arranged, the ordinary node reported event is extremely apart from self nearest camera node, and camera node is broadcasted this event message with the communication radius of setting;
(3) competition wakes up all camera nodes that cover this event based on self rest energy;
(4) the successful camera node of competition is broadcasted oneself state message immediately, and the preparation for acquiring image;
The flow process of sub-clustering is as follows:
(1) base station broadcast creates routing iinformation, and node obtains the election contest factor of oneself according to routing iinformation and dump energy, and election contest bunch head;
(2) node that election contest is failed is selected bunch head according to the communication cost function.
2. the distributed image transmission method towards wireless multimedia sensor network according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the flow process that described image is processed is as follows:
(1) with the original image piecemeal, define the gradient magnitude of the marginal information that comprises in each image block, with its value, compression bit rate is carried out adaptive optimization and distribute, piecemeal carries out wavelet transformation;
(2) consider serious limited this problem of WMSNs resource, LL, LH, HL and HH information after adopting distributed coded system to wavelet transformation are carried out distributed EBC and are encoded.
3. the distributed image transmission method towards wireless multimedia sensor network according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the method, the communications protocol of transfer of data is as follows:
(1) camera node and neighbours' leader cluster node adopt the F1 frequency, realize communication in the TDMA mode;
(2) all leader cluster nodes and its child node adopt the F2 frequency, realize communication in the TDMA mode;
(3) bunch adopt the CDMA mode between.
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