A kind of directed rotary air hammer
Technical field
The invention belongs to oil, gas drilling equipment field; Drilling tool when being specifically related to use the drilling well of underbalance mode in oil, the natural gas drilling process; More specifically; Relate to a kind of directed rotary air hammer, it is adapted at hole conditions such as horizontal well, directional well and extended reach well and uses.
Background technology
The gas drilling technology is to adopt air hammer to rely on gases at high pressure to provide power to carry out the impact cutting rock, and it is faster more than 10 times than the drilling speed of general revolution drilling machinery, has very remarkable advantages.In order to improve the drilling speed of drilling machinery, accelerate the drilling engineering progress, air hammer drilling well oil, natural gas well probing industry at home and abroad obtained using widely.Yet the normal air hammer can't rotate because of the restriction of its structure voluntarily; Be merely able to provide impact function; This has good effect in the peupendicular hole planted agent time spent, when hole conditions such as the higher horizontal well of torque demand, directional well and extended reach well are used, owing to the reason of wall friction resistance; Result of use is had a greatly reduced quality, even can't use.
For not only being satisfied at peupendicular hole, uses by air hammer; And satisfy hole conditions such as the higher horizontal well of torque demand, directional well and extended reach well are used; Just must hammer structure into shape to normal air improves; Make that it can output torque, for example Chinese patent document disclosed " self-rotating air hammer " (publication number: CN 101781969 when impact function is provided; Open day: on July 21st, 2010); It comprises rotation interrupter, rotating mechanism, valve actuating mechanism, piston component and the anti-bore bit that drops; Said rotation interrupter comprises top connection, rubber seal awl, check valve case, spring, sealing ring and outer shell; Wherein, said top connection one end is threaded with BHA, and the other end of top connection is threaded with outer shell; Said rubber seal awl and check valve case are positioned at through spring between the distribution flap of top connection and valve actuating mechanism, and sealing ring is arranged between top connection and the outer shell; Said rotating mechanism comprises clutch, rifle bar and rifle nut; Wherein, Clutch is installed in the distribution seat inside of valve actuating mechanism; Rifle bar top is connected with clutch through spline, and the rifle bar bottom is connected with rifle nut through spline, and rifle nut is through being threaded in the piston top of piston component.Its course of work is: expand in the up process when piston receives air, clutch is in contrary dentation attitude, and rifle bar can't rotate; Rifle bar passes through the rifle nut of spline connection to right rotation; Drive piston to right rotation, piston drives drive sleeve to right rotation, and drive sleeve drives the bore bit rotation through spline; It is up that gases at high pressure promote the piston continuation, arrives after top dead center, and piston begins descending impact bore bit, realizes percussion.Though it has exported moment of torsion when impact function is provided; Realized spinning; But through repetition test, the moment of torsion of output is too little in practical application for it, still can't solve a torque demand in hole condition drilling process such as horizontal well, directional well and long Multilateral Wells and the difficult problem that can not creep into; Secondly, uneven through the borehole wall of its probing, when later stage completion and well cementation, need carry out smooth processing to the borehole wall separately, increased workload, delayed programming; In addition, it also has the high deficiency of complex structure, poor reliability and manufacturing cost.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to: to the deficiency of above-mentioned prior art; A kind of directed rotary air hammer that can export when having impact function than high pulling torque is provided, and it has overcome the technical bottleneck that existing normal air hammer can not use at hole conditions such as horizontal well, directional well and long Multilateral Wells.
The technical scheme that the present invention is adopted for its technical problem of solution is following.
A kind of directed rotary air hammer mainly is made up of interrupter, distribution rotating mechanism, piston component and drill bit,
-said interrupter comprises top connection, swivel coupling, non retern valve, spring, spring base placement spool, spring base and shell; The upper end of said top connection is with connecting drilling tool; The lower end female end is connected with the gyroaxis of distribution rotating mechanism; The lower end male end is threaded with the upper end of swivel coupling; The lower end of swivel coupling is connected on the gyroaxis of distribution rotating mechanism with the mode of step location, is provided with butterfly spring, thrust washer and thrust bearing in the three junction of top connection, swivel coupling and gyroaxis; Said non retern valve is located on the centre bore of distribution rotating mechanism gyroaxis, and non retern valve places spool through spring, spring base and spring base is positioned on the distribution seat of distribution rotating mechanism, and the revolution shaft lower end of distribution rotating mechanism is connected with spring base; The upper and lower end of said shell is threaded with spring base and spline joint respectively;
-said distribution rotating mechanism is arranged on interrupter inside, and the distribution rotating mechanism comprises gyroaxis, distribution seat, air inlet pipe, back air cavity and preceding air cavity, and said gyroaxis assembling is connected on top connection, swivel coupling and the spring base of interrupter; The distribution seat is connected with the outer casing screw of interrupter, and end face is fixedly connected with spring base, and the mode with annular array on the bottom surface is furnished with a plurality of jagged convex cones; The upper end of air inlet pipe is connected on the distribution seat, and the lower end is stretched in the piston component, on air inlet pipe, is provided with air inlet port; Said back air cavity is formed by the annular space between distribution seat, air inlet pipe, interrupter shell and the piston component piston; Air cavity is formed by the annular space between piston component piston, snap ring half, drill bit and the interrupter shell before said;
-said piston component is arranged on interrupter inside; Piston component comprises piston, snap ring and snap ring half; The distribution seat bottom surface of the end face of said piston and distribution rotating mechanism in opposite directions; Be furnished with a plurality of convex cones that are complementary with zigzag convex cone distribution seat bottom surface at piston-top surface with the mode of annular array, the centre bore bottom of piston is corresponding with the drill bit tail pipe, radially is provided with two groups of air inlets on the piston; Wherein one group of air inlet leads to the back air cavity of distribution rotating mechanism, and another group air inlet leads to the preceding air cavity of distribution rotating mechanism; Said snap ring is positioned on the interrupter shell at drill bit tail end place, as preventing that piston from dropping when mounted; Said snap ring partly is positioned at the spline upper step place of drill bit;
-said drill bit is connected on the spline joint through spline, and the afterbody of drill bit is connected with the drill bit tail pipe.
Air inlet radially projecting on the said piston and radial direction have an inclination angle
, and this inclination angle
is 1~5 °.
Said distribution seat is provided with spring collar in the end face of spring base in opposite directions.
The top connection of said interrupter and swivel coupling junction are provided with metallic gasket and/or sealing ring.
The junction of the lower end female end of said top connection and the gyroaxis of distribution rotating mechanism is provided with sealing ring.
The upper end of said shell and the junction of spring base are provided with sealing ring.
The revolution shaft lower end of said distribution rotating mechanism and the junction of spring base are provided with sealing ring.
The lower end of said shell and the junction of spline joint are provided with sealing ring.
The junction of said distribution seat and shell is provided with sealing ring.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
Compare with the normal air hammer; The present invention does the air hammer structure significantly and improves; Increase its automatic spinfunction, make that air hammer can output torque when impact is provided, conveniently be applied at the hole conditions such as horizontal well, directional well and extended reach well that moment of torsion had bigger requirement; Can effectively improve the rate of penetration of oil, natural gas probing, accelerate the drilling well duration;
With publication number is that " self-rotating air hammer " of CN 101781969 compared; Spinfunction of the present invention is by member mutual association effects such as swivel coupling, gyroaxis, spring base, distribution seat and pistons, and piston interacts with the zigzag convex cone of distribution seat bottom surface in up process, and produces certain peripheral force; Make the distribution seat rotate at specific direction; Drive the rotation of gyroaxis and shell, shell and spline joint interact, and drill bit is produced rotatablely move; Realize pressurization automatically and change the drill bit angle; Thereby air hammer is exported than high pulling torque when impact function is provided, satisfied the probing requirement of hole conditions such as horizontal well, directional well and long Multilateral Wells, accelerate the drilling project progress of oil, the natural gas well; In addition, the present invention can be floating with borehole wall wall in rotary operation, makes borehole wall wall smooth, smooth, directly improves the completion effect and the quality that improves well cementation in later stage.Characteristics such as that the present invention has is simple in structure, reliability is high, practical and low cost of manufacture.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is further described.
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the principle schematic of piston impact distribution seat of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the perspective view of air inlet in radially projecting's face on the piston of the present invention.
Code name implication among the figure: 1-top connection; 2-metallic gasket; 3,5,11,13,16,23-sealing ring; 4-gyroaxis; 6-butterfly spring; 7-thrust washer; 8-thrust bearing; 9-swivel coupling; 10-non retern valve; 12-spring; 14-spring base is placed spool; 15-spring base; 17-distribution seat; 18-air inlet pipe; 19-piston; 20-drill bit tail pipe; 21-snap ring; 22-snap ring half; 24-spline joint; 25-shell; 26-drill bit; 27-spring collar; 28,29-convex cone; A-back air cavity; B-preceding air cavity; A, c-air inlet; B-air inlet port.
The specific embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3: the present invention mainly is made up of four great institutions, is respectively interrupter, distribution rotating mechanism, piston component and drill bit 26.
Wherein, Interrupter comprises top connection 1, swivel coupling 9, non retern valve 10, spring 12, spring base placement spool 14, spring base 15 and shell 25, and the axial centre of top connection 1 has centre bore, and the upper end of top connection 1 is with connecting BHA; The lower end female end is connected with the gyroaxis 4 of distribution rotating mechanism; Be provided with O RunddichtringO 5 in its junction, the centre bore of top connection 1 communicates with the centre bore of gyroaxis 4, and the lower end male end is threaded with the upper end of swivel coupling 9; Be provided with metallic gasket 2 and O RunddichtringO 3 in its junction, the lower end of swivel coupling 9 is connected on the gyroaxis 4 of distribution rotating mechanism with the mode of step location; Be provided with butterfly spring 6, thrust washer 7 and thrust bearing 8 in the three junction of top connection 1, swivel coupling 9 and gyroaxis 4; Non retern valve 10 is a pyramidal structure; The tapering point of non retern valve 10 gets lodged on the centre bore of distribution rotating mechanism gyroaxis 4; Non retern valve 10 places spool 14 through spring 12, spring base and spring base 15 is positioned on the distribution seat 17 of distribution rotating mechanism; Gyroaxis 4 lower ends of distribution rotating mechanism are connected with spring base 15, are provided with O RunddichtringO 11 in its junction; The upper end of shell 25 is threaded with spring base 15, is provided with O RunddichtringO 13 in its junction, and the lower end of shell 25 is threaded with spline joint 24, is provided with O RunddichtringO 23 in its junction.
The distribution rotating mechanism is arranged on the inside of interrupter, and it comprises gyroaxis 4, distribution seat 17, air inlet pipe 18, back air cavity A and preceding air cavity B, and gyroaxis 4 assemblings are connected on top connection 1, swivel coupling 9 and the spring base 15 of interrupter; The end face of distribution seat 17 is fixedly connected with spring base 15; Distribution seat 17 has centre bore; This centre bore is placed spool 14 through spring base 15 and spring base and is communicated with the centre bore of gyroaxis 4, on the centre bore end face of spring base 15, is provided with spring collar 27 in opposite directions at distribution seat 17, and distribution seat 17 is threaded with the shell 25 of interrupter; Be provided with O RunddichtringO 16 in its junction, the mode with annular array on the bottom surface of distribution seat 17 is furnished with a plurality of jagged convex cones 28; The upper end of air inlet pipe 18 is connected on the centre bore of distribution seat 17, and the lower end is stretched in the piston component, is provided with air inlet port b in the bottom of air inlet pipe 18; Back air cavity A is formed by the annular space between distribution seat 17, air inlet pipe 18, interrupter shell 25 and the piston component piston 19; Preceding air cavity B is formed by the annular space between piston component piston 19, snap ring half 22, drill bit 26 and the interrupter shell 25.
Piston component is arranged on the inside of interrupter; Piston component comprises
piston 19,
snap ring 21 and snap ring half 22; Distribution seat 17 bottom surfaces of the end face of
piston 19 and distribution rotating mechanism in opposite directions; Be furnished with a plurality of jagged convex cones 29 at
piston 19 end faces with the mode of annular array; These jagged convex cones 29 are complementary with the zigzag convex cone 28 of distribution seat 17 bottom surfaces; And interact; The centre bore bottom of
piston 19 is corresponding with drill
bit tail pipe 20; On
piston 19, radially be provided with two groups of air inlets, these two groups of air inlets towards staggered, wherein one group of air inlet c leads to the back air cavity A of distribution rotating mechanism; The central axis angle of this air inlet c and
piston 19 is 45 °; Another group air inlet a leads to the preceding air cavity B of distribution rotating mechanism, and the central axis angle of this air inlet a and
piston 19 is 20 °, and the radially projecting of these two groups of air inlets (a, c) and the radial direction of
piston 19 have an inclination angle
;
is 1~5 ° at this inclination angle; Be generally 3 °, the radially projecting of air inlet (a, c) and the radial direction inclination angle of
piston 19
make piston when uplink and downlink, have one and rotatablely move, to increase the peripheral force of drill bit rotation;
Snap ring 21 is positioned on the interrupter shell 25 at
drill bit 26 tail end places, and it is as preventing that
piston 19 from dropping when mounted; Snap ring half 22 is positioned at the spline upper step place of
drill bit 26.
Drill bit 26 is connected on the spline joint 24 through spline, and the afterbody of drill bit 26 is connected with drill bit tail pipe 20.
The course of work of the present invention is: when piston 19 resets at the bottom dead centre place, the centre bore lower end of piston 19 is connected with drill bit tail pipe 20, and the port of the air inlet a on the piston 19 is connected the air inlet port b on the air inlet pipe 18, and the port of air inlet c is in air inlet pipe 18 lower ends; Compressed Gas gets into the centre bore of gyroaxis 4 from the centre bore of top connection 1, and pushes non retern valve 10 open, gets in the air inlet pipe 18 of distribution seat 17, before the air inlet port b on air inlet pipe 18 and the entering of the air inlet a on the piston 19 in the air cavity B; Preceding air cavity B is in the air inlet state, and back air cavity A is in exhaust condition, and it is up that the gas in the preceding air cavity B promotes piston 19, the upstroke of beginning piston 19; Port up to air inlet c is closed by air inlet pipe 18 coverings, back air cavity A sealing, and preceding air cavity B continues air inlet; Gas in the back air cavity A is compressed, and piston 19 continues up; The port that goes upward to air inlet a when piston 19 is stopped up when closing by air inlet pipe 18, and preceding air cavity B stops air inlet, and upper and lower two air cavitys all seal, and piston 19 continues up under inertia and differential pressure action; Port up to air inlet port b on the air inlet pipe 18 and the air inlet c on the piston 19 is connected; Promptly back air cavity A begins air inlet; Piston 19 continues up under effect of inertia; The centre bore of piston 19 and drill bit tail pipe 20 break away from, and preceding air cavity B and drill bit tail pipe 20 are connected, and the gas in the preceding air cavity B is discharged through drill bit tail pipe 20 and drill bit 26; When piston 19 runs near top dead-centre; Zigzag convex cone 29 on the piston 19 impacts the zigzag convex cone 28 of distribution seat 17 sole arrangement; Make distribution seat 17 produce very big peripheral force; Distribution seat 17, spring base 15 and gyroaxis 4 radial-axials all are fixed together, and shell 25 is threaded with spring base 15 and is in the same place, and under the effect of peripheral force, drive drill bits 26 through shell 25 and spline joint 24 and rotate an angle; When piston 19 arrival top dead-centres, back air cavity A continues air inlet, and preceding air cavity B continues exhaust, and under the effect of air pressure and deadweight, piston 19 changes down stroke over to; In down stroke motion, when the centre bore of piston 19 contact with drill bit tail pipe 20, preceding air cavity B seals, exhaust end, back air cavity A air inlet still; When the port that piston 19 comes downwards to air inlet c breaks away from the air inlet port b on the air inlet pipe 18; Back air cavity A sealing stops air inlet, the gas expansion for doing work in the air cavity; Gas in the preceding air cavity B is compressed; Piston 19 continues descending, and air inlet port b on air inlet pipe 18 and the port of air inlet a are connected, and preceding air cavity B begins air inlet; Piston 19 continues descending, and when being in the place, lower surface of air inlet pipe 18, back air cavity A begins exhaust, and at this moment, piston 19 moves to bottom dead centre under deadweight and effect of inertia, and clashes into drill bit 26; Down stroke finishes, and changes upstroke over to, and air hammer so moves in circles, and realizes rotary impact drill bit 26, reaches efficient rock-breaking and creeps into.