CN102332819A - Circuits and methods for controlling a dc/dc converter - Google Patents
Circuits and methods for controlling a dc/dc converter Download PDFInfo
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- CN102332819A CN102332819A CN2011101888242A CN201110188824A CN102332819A CN 102332819 A CN102332819 A CN 102332819A CN 2011101888242 A CN2011101888242 A CN 2011101888242A CN 201110188824 A CN201110188824 A CN 201110188824A CN 102332819 A CN102332819 A CN 102332819A
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 43
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- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 101100218322 Arabidopsis thaliana ATXR3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 102100032742 Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase SETD2 Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 101100149326 Homo sapiens SETD2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 6
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- 101100533304 Plasmodium falciparum (isolate 3D7) SETVS gene Proteins 0.000 description 6
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- GOLXNESZZPUPJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N spiromesifen Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1C(C(O1)=O)=C(OC(=O)CC(C)(C)C)C11CCCC1 GOLXNESZZPUPJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
- H02M1/0025—Arrangements for modifying reference values, feedback values or error values in the control loop of a converter
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
- H02M1/0029—Circuits or arrangements for limiting the slope of switching signals, e.g. slew rate
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
- H02M1/0032—Control circuits allowing low power mode operation, e.g. in standby mode
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses circuits and methods for controlling a DC/DC converter. A converter circuit includes a converter and a controller. The converter converts an input voltage to an output voltage. The controller receives a reference voltage, generates a slew voltage having a substantially constant first slew rate if the reference voltage changes from a first level to a second level, and controls the converter based on the slew voltage to cause the output voltage to change from a third level to a fourth level at a substantially constant second slew rate. The converter circuit can keep the current passing through the assembly of the converter in a safe range, thus enhancing the performance of the converter circuit, and prolonging the service lifetime of the converter circuit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of controller and method and change-over circuit of control transformation device.
Background technology
DC-DC converter be widely used in by DC power supply (for example: electronic equipment powered battery), for example: mobile phone and portable computer.These electronic equipments generally include a plurality of electronic circuits, and each electronic circuit need drive by the driving voltage different with cell voltage.In addition, some electronic circuits need different driving voltages, to work in the different working pattern.(central processing unit CPU) is example, and driving voltage required when CPU executes instruction is in the required driving voltage of idle condition greater than CPU with the central processing unit in the electronic circuit.
DC-DC converter is used for converting cell voltage into stable DC voltage, to drive specific electronic circuit.Shown in Figure 1 is the structure chart of the change-over circuit 100 of prior art.Change-over circuit 100 comprises battery pack 110, step-down controller 120 and controller 130.Battery pack 110 provides input voltage V
INStep-down controller 120 comprises switch 122 and 124, inductance 126 and electric capacity 128, and is used for input voltage V
INConvert output voltage V into
OUTController 130 comprises adjuster 132, is used for receiving expression desired voltage values V
DSR_1Reference voltage V
SETFor example, V
DSR_1Be fit to be used for driving the electronic circuit 140 of the output that is coupled in step-down controller 120.Adjuster 132 also receives the expression output voltage V
OUTFeedback signal 146.Through comparing feedback signal 146 and reference voltage V
SET, adjuster 132 provides switch controlling signal 142 and 144, alternately to open switch 122 and 124.Thus, output voltage V
OUTMagnitude of voltage keep equaling desired voltage values V
DSR_1
Yet, as reference voltage V
SET(this new magnitude of voltage is represented desired voltage values V when being changed to a new magnitude of voltage
DSR_2), output voltage V
OUTCan not be changed to V immediately
DSR_2Because reference voltage V
SETBe not equal to output voltage V
OUT(for example: V
OUTStill equal V
DSR_1), the protection assembly 134 in the controller 130 is regarded as abnormality (for example: overvoltage or under-voltage condition) with this kind situation.Thus, protection assembly 134 produces the termination signal 138 of this abnormality of expression.In view of the above, adjuster 132 control switch control signals 142 and 144, thus keep stopcock 122 and remain closed switch 124.At this moment, step-down controller 120 quits work.
Perhaps, do not protect assembly 134 in the controller 130, at this moment, controller 130 is stored in energy in inductance 126 and the electric capacity 128 with V through adjusting
OUTIn the short relatively time, be adjusted to V
DSR_2Thereby, violent suddenly the increasing of electric current of causing flow through inductance 126 and electric capacity 128.As a result, may damage electronic devices and components (for example: inductance 126 and electric capacity 128), and shorten the life-span of change-over circuit 100.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention will solve is to provide a kind of controller and method and change-over circuit of control transformation device, can promote the performance of change-over circuit, prolongs the useful life of change-over circuit.
The invention provides a kind of change-over circuit.Said change-over circuit comprises: transducer and controller.Transducer converts input voltage into output voltage.Controller is coupled in said transducer, is used to receive reference voltage; When said reference voltage when first magnitude of voltage is changed to second magnitude of voltage; Said controller produces the changing voltage with first constant switching rate; Said controller is controlled said transducer according to said changing voltage; Thereby make said output voltage convert the 4th magnitude of voltage into, and the said conversion of said output voltage have the second constant switching rate from the tertiary voltage value.
The present invention provides a kind of controller that is used for the control transformation device again.Said transducer converts input voltage into output voltage.Said controller comprises ramp circuit and adjuster.Ramp circuit is used to receive reference voltage, when said reference voltage when first magnitude of voltage converts second magnitude of voltage into, said ramp circuit produces the changing voltage with first constant switching rate.Adjuster is coupled in said ramp circuit; Be used to receive the feedback signal of the said output voltage of expression; And more said feedback signal and said changing voltage; Also the result according to said comparison controls said transducer, thereby makes said output voltage convert the 4th magnitude of voltage into from the tertiary voltage value, and the said conversion of said output voltage has the second constant switching rate.
The present invention also provides a kind of method of control transformation device.Said transducer converts input voltage into output voltage.Said method comprises: receive reference voltage; If said reference voltage converts second magnitude of voltage into from first magnitude of voltage, then produce changing voltage with first constant switching rate; And control said transducer according to said changing voltage, thus make said output voltage convert the 4th magnitude of voltage into from the tertiary voltage value, and the said conversion of said output voltage has the second constant switching rate.
Compared with prior art, through adopting change-over circuit of the present invention, controller and method, the feasible electric current that flows through the assembly of transducer remains in the scope of a safety, thereby promotes the performance of change-over circuit, prolongs the useful life of change-over circuit.
Description of drawings
Below, can further understand the object of the invention, specific structural features and advantage through some embodiments of the present invention being combined the description of its accompanying drawing.
Shown in Figure 1 is the structure chart of the change-over circuit of prior art;
Shown in Figure 2 is structure chart according to the change-over circuit of the embodiment of the invention;
Shown in Figure 3 is structure chart according to the ramp circuit of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 is the sequential chart that receives and produce signal according to the ramp circuit of the embodiment of the invention; And
Shown in Figure 5 is workflow diagram according to the change-over circuit of the embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Below will provide detailed reference to embodiments of the invention.Although the present invention sets forth through these execution modes and explains, it should be noted that the present invention not merely is confined to these execution modes.On the contrary, all substitutes, variant and the equivalent in defined invention spirit of appended claim and the invention scope contained in the present invention.
Embodiments of the invention provide a kind of change-over circuit.This change-over circuit comprises transducer and controller.Transducer converts input voltage into output voltage.Controller receives the reference voltage of the desired value of expression output voltage.If reference voltage changes to second magnitude of voltage from first magnitude of voltage, controller produces the changing voltage with first constant switching rate of essence.Controller is according to changing voltage control transformation device, thereby makes output voltage change to second desired value from first desired value, and said variation has the second constant switching rate of essence.
Advantage is that output voltage can gradually change to second desired value from first desired value, rather than changes suddenly.The electric current that consequently flows through the assembly in the transducer remains in the scope of a safety, thereby promotes the performance of change-over circuit, prolongs the useful life of change-over circuit.
Shown in Figure 2 is structure chart according to the change-over circuit 200 of the embodiment of the invention.Change-over circuit 200 comprises power supply 210, transducer 220, controller 230 and load 250.Power supply 210 can be to produce input voltage V
IN Battery pack.Transducer 220 is with input voltage V
INBe transformed into output voltage V
OUTIn one embodiment, output voltage V
OUTMagnitude of voltage and input voltage V
INDifference, output voltage V
OUTBe used to drive load 250, such as the electronic circuit of computer system.Controller 230 produces pair of switches control signal 242 and 244, with control transformation device 220.Such as, transducer 220 is according to switch controlling signal 242 and 244 adjustment output voltage V
OUT
In the embodiment of Fig. 2, transducer 220 is step-down controllers, comprises pair of switches 222 and 224, inductance 226 and electric capacity 228.Switch 222 and 224 is connected in series between battery pack 210 and the ground.Inductance 226 is coupled between the common ends and electric capacity 228 of switch 222 and 224.During operate as normal, switch controlling signal 242 and 244 is complementary pulse-width modulation (pulse-width modulation, PWM) signal.In one embodiment, switch 222 and 224 is receiving key control signal 242 and 244 respectively, and alternation is in switch closed condition (breaking off such as switch 222 closures and switch 224) and switch off state (breaking off and switch 224 closures such as switch 222).Thus, according to the duration T of switch closed condition
ONDuration T with switch off state
OFFBetween ratio, adjust the energy that is stored in inductance 226 and the electric capacity 228.Therefore, output voltage V
OUTAccording to T
ONWith T
OFFRatio adjust, shown in (1):
V
OUT＝V
IN*[T
ON/(T
ON+T
OFF)]＝V
IN*[1/(1+T
OFF/T
ON)]. (1)
Advantage is, as reference voltage V
SETFrom V
SET1Be changed to V suddenly
SET2, controller 230 is not with output voltage V
OUTFrom V
DESIRE1Suddenly change to V
DESIRE2On the contrary, output voltage V
OUTFollow changing voltage V
SLEW(having the first constant switching rate of essence), with the second constant switching rate from V
DESIRE1Be gradient to V
DESIRE2Such as, the voltage of feedback signal 246 is proportional to output voltage V
OUTAdjuster 232 is regulated output voltage V
OUT, make it equal one and V
SLEWProportional magnitude of voltage.In this embodiment, first switching rate is proportional to second switching rate.At this moment, the electric current that flows through the assembly (such as inductance 226 and electric capacity 228) of transducer 220 remains in the scope of a safety, thereby promotes the security performance of change-over circuit 200, prolongs the useful life of change-over circuit 200.
In one embodiment, controller 230 also comprises protection assembly 234, is used to protect change-over circuit 200 not receive the influence of abnormality (like overvoltage and under-voltage condition).More particularly, protection assembly 234 is through detecting expression desired voltage values V
DESIREReference voltage V
SETWith the expression output voltage V
OUTFeedback signal 246 monitor abnormality.If V
OUTGreater than V
DESIRE, and V
OUTAnd V
DESIREBetween difference (such as V
OUT-V
DESIRE) greater than preset overvoltage threshold, protection assembly 234 is monitored out overvoltage condition.Likewise, if V
OUTLess than V
DESIRE, and V
OUTAnd V
DESIREBetween difference (such as V
DESIRE-V
OUT) greater than preset under-voltage threshold value, protection assembly 234 is monitored out under-voltage condition.
In addition, be in abnormality when detecting change-over circuit 200, protection assembly 234 produces the work that termination signal 238 stops transducer 220.Such as, in case received termination signal 238, adjuster 232 control switch control signals 242 and 244 are in off-state (breaking off and switch 224 closures such as switch 222) with maintained switch 222 and 224.Therefore, output voltage V
OUTDrop to 0 volt, transducer 220 quits work.
Shown in Figure 3 is structure chart according to the ramp circuit 236 of the embodiment of the invention.Number identical parts with Fig. 2 among Fig. 3 and have similar function.Fig. 3 will combine Fig. 2 to describe.In the embodiments of figure 3, be convenient explanation, reference voltage V
SETEqual desired voltage values V
DESIRE, changing voltage V
SLEWEqual V
DESIREYet the present invention is not limited thereto; In other embodiment, reference voltage V
SETCan with desired voltage values V
DESIREDifference, for example: comprise V
SETWith V
DESIREProportional and scale factor is not 1 situation.Suppose V
SET1=V
SLEW1=V
DESIRE1=V1 and V
SET2=V
SLEW2=V
DESIRE2=V2, wherein, V1＞V2.Reference voltage V
SETDrop to V2 from V1, in order to output voltage V
OUTBe adjusted to V2 from V1; Perhaps, reference voltage V
SETBe increased to V1 from V2, in order to output voltage is adjusted to V1 from V2.
In one embodiment, electric current maker 302 comprises control circuit 305, voltage source 308 and 310, resistance 320 and transistor 322 and 324.Control circuit 305 comprises operational amplifier 304 and 306. Transistor 322 and 324 can be but be not limited to N type Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (N type metal-oxide semiconductor, NMOS) field-effect transistor.Transistor 322, resistance 320 and transistor 324 are connected in series, and constitute the current path L1 of electric current I 1 or I2.Transistor 322 and reference voltage V
SETNode link to each other, and its grid is connected to the output of operational amplifier 304.Transistor 322 is according to gate source voltage V
GS1(such as, V
GS1=V
GATE1-V_350) with drain-source voltage V
DS1(such as, V
DS1=V
SET-V_350) work in linear zone, cut-off region and saturation region, wherein, V_350 representes the voltage on the common node 350 of transistor 322 and resistance 320.
More particularly, in one embodiment, work as V
GS1Greater than transistorized threshold voltage V
TRANAnd V
DS1Less than V
GS1And V
TRANBetween difference the time (, V
GS1＞V
TRANAnd V
DS1＜V
GS1-V
TRAN), transistor 322 gets into linear zone.In linear zone, the class of operation of transistor 322 is similar to the switch of a closure, in order to reference voltage V
SETBe coupled to node 350.Work as V
GS1Greater than V
TRANAnd V
DS1Greater than
VGS1And V
TRANBetween difference the time (, V
GS1＞V
TRANAnd V
DS1＞V
GS1-V
TRAN), transistor 322 entering saturation regions.In the saturation region, the class of operation of transistor 322 is similar to an amplifier.Transistor 322 is according to gate source voltage V
GS1The electric current of transistor 322 is flow through in decision, such as I1.Work as V
GS1When essence was constant, electric current I 1 also essence was constant.Work as V
GS1Less than V
TRANThe time (, V
GS1＜V
TRAN), transistor 322 gets into cut-off region.In cut-off region, the class of operation of transistor 322 is similar to the switch of a disconnection, in order to turn-off current path L1.In a word, transistor 322 all is conducting at linear zone and saturation region.
In one embodiment, voltage source 308 produces constant reference voltage V
OS1Thus, the difference between operational amplifier 304 normal phase input end voltage V+ and the inverting input voltage V-can be represented by formula (2):
V+-V-＝V_352+V
OS1-V_350. (2)
Likewise, voltage source 310 also produces a constant reference voltage V
OS2Thus, the difference of operational amplifier 306 normal phase input end voltage V+ ' and inverting input voltage V-' can be represented by formula (3):
V+’-V-’＝V_350+V
OS2-V_352. (3)
In one embodiment, V
OS1Equal V
OS2
V
GATE1＝(V+-V-)*A1＝(V_352+V
OS1-V_350)*A1， (4)
Wherein A1 represents the gain of operational amplifier 304.The value of gain A 1 is relatively large, such as A1 greater than 1,000,000.In addition, be coupled in the negative-feedback circuit of the transistor 322 of operational amplifier 304 inverting inputs and output as operational amplifier 304.Be that operational amplifier 304 constitutes a feedback loop with transistor 322.
More particularly, in one embodiment, according to formula (4), if V+ greater than V-, relatively large gain A 1 makes operational amplifier 304 output voltage V
GATE1Be pulled to maximum voltage value V
MAXIf the supply voltage of ramp circuit 236 is 5 volts, V
MAXBe substantially equal to 5 volts.If V+ equals V-, according to formula (4), V
GATE1Be substantially equal to 0 volt.Yet,, work as V because gain A 1 is relatively large
GATE1When in a short scope of preset void (virtual-short range), changing, operational amplifier 304 has the imaginary short characteristic, approximates V-greatly in order to sustaining voltage V+.If voltage V+ is less than voltage V-, operational amplifier 304 is with output voltage V
GATE1Be reduced to minimum voltage value V
MIN
Difference between operational amplifier 306 amplifying voltage V+ ' and the voltage V-', and output voltage V is provided at its output
GATE2, its expression formula is:
V
GATE2＝(V+’-V-’)*A2＝(V_350+V
OS2-V_352)*A2， (5)
Wherein, A2 representes the gain of operational amplifier 306.In addition, transistor 324 is coupled between the inverting input and output of operational amplifier 306, and as the negative-feedback circuit of operational amplifier 306.Operational amplifier 306 is according to voltage V+ ' and voltage V-' decision output voltage V
GATE2 Operational amplifier 306 has the work similar with operational amplifier 304.The work of electric current maker 302 will be done further description in Fig. 4.Electric current maker 302 can also have other structures, is not limited to the embodiment of Fig. 3.
Or door 314 reception voltage V_312 and voltage V_311, to produce detection signal 240.More particularly, in one embodiment, if at least one (was voltage V for digital 1 o'clock among voltage V_312 and the voltage V_311
GATE1And V
GATE2In have at least one to be lower than threshold voltage V
THThe time), detection signal 240 is a numeral 1.If it (is voltage V that voltage V_312 and voltage V_311 are at digital 0 o'clock
GATE1And V
GATE2All be higher than threshold voltage V
THThe time), detection signal 240 is a numeral 0.The work of detection module 330 will further describe at Fig. 4.Detection module 330 can also have other structures, is not limited to the embodiment of Fig. 3.
Fig. 4 is the sequential chart 400 that receives and produce signal according to the ramp circuit 236 of the embodiment of the invention.Fig. 4 will combine Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 to describe.In the embodiment of Fig. 4, sequential chart 400 has been described reference voltage V
SET, operational amplifier 304 output voltage V
GATE1, operational amplifier 306 output voltage V
GATE2, changing voltage V
SLEWWith detection signal 240.
At moment t1, reference voltage V
SETWith changing voltage V
SLEWAll equal V2.There is not electric current to flow through current path L1.The voltage V_350 of node 350 equals the voltage V_352 of node 352.According to formula (2), voltage V+ equals voltage V-and adds reference voltage V
OS1With, i.e. V+=V-+V
OS1, that is to say that V+ is greater than V-.Operational amplifier 304 is with voltage V
GATE1Increase to maximum V
MAXBecause V
MAXBe substantially equal to supply voltage (such as 5 volts), gate source voltage V
GS1Greater than transistor threshold voltage V
TRANAnd source-drain voltage V
DS1Less than V
GS1Deduct V
TRAN Poor.So transistor 322 gets into linear zone.In the time interval of t2, transistor 322 is the switch of a closure, with reference voltage V at t1
SETBe coupled to node 350.Similarly, the operation class of transistor 324 is similar to closed switch, is used for changing voltage V
SLEWBe coupled to node 352.
As shown in Figure 4, voltage V
GATE1And V
GATE2All greater than threshold voltage V
THTherefore, in the time interval of t2, detection signal 240 is a numeral 0 at t1.
At moment t2, reference voltage V
SETJump to V1 from V2, be used for output voltage V
OUTChange to V1 from V2.At reference voltage V
SETThe variation initial stage, transistor 322 and 324 is similar to closed switch.Therefore, voltage V_350 equals V1, and voltage V_352 equals V2.
Suppose that difference between V1 and the V2 is greater than V
OS1, based on formula (2), voltage V+ is less than voltage V-.Therefore, operational amplifier 304 is with voltage V
GATE1Drop to minimum value V
MINIf at moment t2, gate source voltage V
GS1Drop to and be lower than transistor threshold voltage V
TRAN, transistor 322 gets into cut-off region, thus turn-off current path L1.At this moment, voltage V_350 equals V_352, and the work of operational amplifier 304 is similar to the operation of t2 in the time interval with t1, and thus, operational amplifier 304 increases voltage V
GATE1In other words, V
SETVariation cause V
GATE1Descend, this kind changes makes the feedback loop of being made up of transistor 322 and operational amplifier 304 increase V
GATE1Therefore, at moment t2, feedback loop has got into poised state.Under poised state, transistor 322 is operated in the saturation region but not cut-off region, so transistor 322 conductings.Perhaps, V
GATE1Minimum value V
MINDeficiency is so that transistor 322 gets into cut-off region.Such as, V
MINCan be greater than V_350, make V
GS1Greater than transistor threshold voltage V
TRANSimultaneously, V
MINLess than V
SET, make V
GS1Less than V
DS1Therefore, transistor 322 has got into the saturation region.Under both of these case, transistor 322 is operated in the saturation region, and the voltage V_350 of node 350 no longer equals reference voltage V
SET Operational amplifier 304 is according to the voltage V of its output
GATE1Adjustment V-.For example, if V
GATE1Within the short scope of preset void, change, operational amplifier 304 keeps V+ to approximate V-greatly.
At moment t2, according to equality (3), voltage V+ ' keeps greater than voltage V-'.Thus, voltage V
GATE2Equal V
MAX, and transistor 324 is operated in linear zone, with changing voltage V
SLEWBe coupled to node 352.
In the time interval of t3, the feedback loop that comprises operational amplifier 304 and transistor 322 makes V at t2
GATE1In the short scope of void, change.Therefore, operational amplifier 304 makes voltage V+ be substantially equal to voltage V-.According to equality (2), the difference between V_350 and the V_352 equals V
OS1Because transistor 322 (working in the saturation region) and transistor 324 (working in linear zone) they all are conductings, then produce the electric current I 1 that flows through transistor 322, resistance 320 and transistor 324, and its expression formula is:
I1＝(V_350-V_352)/R＝V
OS1/R. (6)
Shown in (6), electric current I 1 is the constant electric current of essence, flow to electric capacity 326 from electric current maker 302, to give electric capacity 326 chargings.Therefore, changing voltage V
SLEWRise with the constant switching rate of essence in the time interval of t3 at t2, wherein, this switching rate is by electric current I 1 decision.
In the time interval of t3, voltage V_352 equals changing voltage V at t2
SLEWBecause the difference between V_350 and the V_352 equals constant reference voltage V
OS1, voltage V_350 is along with voltage V
SLEWIncrease and increase.In addition, because I1 is the constant electric current of essence, and transistor 322 is according to V
GS1Value be operated in the saturation region, with the decision I1.So, V
GS1Value also keep essence constant.Therefore, V
GATE1According to changing voltage V
SLEWChange.Such as in t2 arrives the time period of t3, V
GATE1With changing voltage V
SLEWRise with constant rate of change oblique line.
As shown in Figure 4, V
GATE2Greater than V
TH, and V
GATE1Less than V
THTherefore, in the time interval of t3, when changing voltage rises to V1 from V2, or the detection signal 240 of door 314 outputs be digital 1 at t2.
At moment t3, changing voltage V
SLEWReach V1, i.e. V
SLEW=V_352=V_350=V
SETAt this moment electric current I 1 drops to 0.Operational amplifier 304 is with voltage V
GATE1Be pulled to maximum V
MAX, such as V
MAXEqual supply voltage.As a result, V
GATE1And V
GATE2All greater than V
THTherefore, in the time interval of t4, detection signal 240 is a numeral 0 at t3.
At moment t4, reference voltage V
SETDrop to V2 from V1, in order to output voltage V
OUTChange to V2 from V1.Similar with electric current maker 302 in the operation of moment t2, voltage V
GATE2Drop to minimum value V
MINTransistor 324 is operated in the saturation region, and wherein transistor 324 is according to gate source voltage V
GS2Decision electric current I 2.Operational amplifier 306 sustaining voltage V+ ' are substantially equal to voltage V-'.Operational amplifier 304 is voltage V
GATE1On move V to
MAX Transistor 322 is operated in linear zone, with V
SETBe coupled to node 350.
In the time interval of t5, operational amplifier 306 constitutes feedback loop with transistor 324 at t4.So, according to formula (3), the difference between V_352 and the V_350 equals V
OS2As a result, produce the electric current I 2 of flow through transistor 324, resistance 320 and transistor 322, its expression formula is:
I2＝(V_350-V_352)/R＝-V
OS2/R. (7)
Shown in (7), electric current I 2 is the constant electric currents of essence that flow to electric current maker 302 from electric capacity 326, is electric capacity 326 discharges.So changing voltage V
SLEWThe speed constant with essence descends, and this speed is determined by I2.
In one embodiment, as changing voltage V
SLEWWhen t4 descended in the time interval of t5, voltage V_350 (equaled V
SET) and voltage V_352 (equal V
SET+ V
OS2) can not change.As long as V
GS2Be the constant voltage of essence, voltage V
GATE2Just keep equaling minimum value V
MINAs shown in Figure 4, voltage V
GATE2Less than V
TH, and voltage V
GATE1Greater than V
THTherefore, at t4 between the t5, V
SLEWDrop to V2 from V1, detection signal 240 is a numeral 1.
Advantage is, if at the moment t2 reference voltage V is set
SETBe V1, output voltage V
OUTFollow V at t2 between the t3
SLEWIncrease to V1 from the V2 linearity.Likewise, if reference voltage V is set at moment t4
SETBe V2, output voltage V
OUTFollow V at t4 between the t5
SLEWBe reduced to V1 from the V2 linearity.The electric current that flows through electric capacity 228 and inductance 226 remains in the safe range, has promoted the performance of change-over circuit 200, has prolonged the useful life of change-over circuit 200.
In one embodiment, as changing voltage V
SLEWWhen between t2 to t3, rising, and as changing voltage V
SLEWWhen t4 descended between t5, detection signal 240 all was a numeral 1.Advantage is that protection assembly 234 can temporarily quit work according to detection signal 240 between t2 to t3 and between the t4 to t5.Like this, transducer 220 can be because of reference voltage V is set
SETAnd quit work, thereby promoted the stability of change-over circuit 200.
Shown in Figure 5 is the workflow diagram 500 of the change-over circuit (such as change-over circuit 200) according to the embodiment of the invention.Fig. 5 will combine Fig. 2 to Fig. 4 to describe.Although Fig. 5 discloses some specific step, these steps are as just example.The present invention is fit to carry out other steps similar with Fig. 5 or that be equal to.
In step 502, transducer (such as transducer 220) with input voltage (like V
IN) convert output voltage into (like V
OUT).In step 504, controller receives reference voltage (like V
SET).
In step 506, if reference voltage from first magnitude of voltage (like V
SET1) change to second magnitude of voltage (like V
SET2), then produce have the first constant switching rate of essence changing voltage (like V
SLEW).In step 508, according to changing voltage control transformation device, with output voltage with constant second switching rate of essence from the tertiary voltage value (like V
DESIRE1) be converted to the 4th magnitude of voltage (like V
DESIRE2).In one embodiment, controller receives the feedback signal of expression output voltage.Based on the comparative result of feedback signal and changing voltage, controller adjustment output voltage.In one embodiment, if reference voltage changes to second magnitude of voltage from first magnitude of voltage, produce the constant current of current path (like the current path L1) that flow through.This constant current flows through electric capacity, to produce changing voltage.In one embodiment, current path comprises the first transistor (like transistor 322), resistance (like resistance 320) and the transistor seconds (like transistor 324) that is connected in series.
In step 510, produce whether the expression changing voltage changes to the 4th magnitude of voltage from the tertiary voltage value detection signal (like detection signal 240).In step 512, forbid protecting assembly (like protection assembly 234) to stop the operation of transducer according to detection signal.In one embodiment, according to the first and second transistorized grid voltages (like V
GATE1And V
GATE2) the generation detection signal.
Wording in this use all is illustrative rather than definitive thereof with expressing; Use these wording will get rid of outside invention scope at any equivalent (or part equivalent) of the characteristic of this diagram and description, possibly have various modifications within the scope of the claims with expressing not.Other modification, variant and alternative also possibly exist.Therefore, claim is intended to contain all these type of equivalents.
Claims (30)
1. a change-over circuit is characterized in that, said change-over circuit comprises:
Transducer is used for converting input voltage into output voltage; And
Be coupled in the controller of said transducer, be used to receive reference voltage; When said reference voltage is changed to second magnitude of voltage from first magnitude of voltage; Said controller produces the changing voltage with first constant switching rate; Said controller is controlled said transducer according to said changing voltage, makes said output voltage convert the 4th magnitude of voltage with the second constant switching rate into from the tertiary voltage value.
2. change-over circuit according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said first switching rate and said second switching rate are proportional, and said first magnitude of voltage and said tertiary voltage value are proportional, and said second magnitude of voltage and said the 4th magnitude of voltage are proportional.
3. change-over circuit according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said controller comprises:
Adjuster is used to receive the feedback signal of representing said output voltage, and produces control signal according to the comparative result of said feedback signal and said changing voltage, to regulate said output voltage.
4. change-over circuit according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said controller also comprises:
The protection assembly is used to produce termination signal, to stop the operation of said transducer; And
Be coupled in the ramp circuit of said protection assembly, be used to produce detection signal, said detection signal representes whether said output voltage is in from said tertiary voltage value and converts into the process of said the 4th magnitude of voltage,
Based on said detection signal, said protection assembly suspends the operation that stops said transducer.
5. change-over circuit according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said controller also comprises:
The electric current maker, when said reference voltage converts second magnitude of voltage into from first magnitude of voltage, said electric current maker produces constant electric current, and the said constant electric current electric capacity of flowing through is to produce said changing voltage.
6. change-over circuit according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said controller also comprises:
Be coupled in the resistance between first node and the Section Point;
Be coupled in said first node and have the first transistor between the node of said reference voltage;
Be coupled in said Section Point and have the transistor seconds between the node of said changing voltage; And
Control circuit is used for through controlling the node voltage on said first node and the said Section Point and controlling the grid voltage of said the first transistor and the grid voltage of said transistor seconds, with the electric current of control flows through said resistance,
Wherein, said controller is according to the said changing voltage of said Current Regulation.
7. change-over circuit according to claim 6; It is characterized in that when said reference voltage equaled said changing voltage, the said grid voltage of said the first transistor was controlled said the first transistor; So that said reference voltage is coupled in said first node; The said grid voltage of said transistor seconds is controlled said transistor seconds, so that said changing voltage is coupled in said Section Point, wherein; When said reference voltage equaled said changing voltage, the electric current of the said resistance of flowing through was zero ampere.
8. change-over circuit according to claim 6 is characterized in that, when said reference voltage was not equal to said changing voltage, it was constant voltage values that said node voltage keeps the voltage of said resistance.
9. change-over circuit according to claim 6; It is characterized in that; When said reference voltage is not equal to said changing voltage; The said grid voltage of said the first transistor is controlled said the first transistor and is worked in first service area, and the said grid voltage of said transistor seconds is controlled said transistor seconds and worked in the secondary service area.
10. change-over circuit according to claim 6 is characterized in that, said controller also comprises:
Be coupled in the detection module of said control circuit; Be used to detect the said grid voltage of said the first transistor and the said grid voltage of said transistor seconds; And the generation detection signal, said detection signal is represented whether said output voltage is in from said tertiary voltage value and is converted into the process of said the 4th magnitude of voltage.
11. change-over circuit according to claim 6 is characterized in that, said control circuit comprises:
A plurality of amplifiers; Be used to produce the said grid voltage of said the first transistor and the said grid voltage of said transistor seconds; Said a plurality of amplifier comprises first amplifier and second amplifier; Wherein, the first input end mouth of said first amplifier is coupled in said Section Point through first constant voltage source, and second input port of said first amplifier is coupled in said first node; The first input end mouth of said second amplifier is coupled in said first node through second constant voltage source, and second input port of said second amplifier is coupled in said Section Point.
12. change-over circuit according to claim 11; It is characterized in that when said reference voltage during greater than said changing voltage, said the first transistor and said first amplifier constitute feedback loop; Wherein, to keep the voltage of said resistance be constant voltage values to said feedback loop.
13. change-over circuit according to claim 11; It is characterized in that when said reference voltage during less than said changing voltage, said transistor seconds and said second amplifier constitute feedback loop; Wherein, to keep the voltage of said resistance be constant voltage values to said feedback loop.
14. a controller that is used for the control transformation device, said transducer converts input voltage into output voltage, it is characterized in that, said controller comprises:
Ramp circuit is used to receive reference voltage, when said reference voltage when first magnitude of voltage converts second magnitude of voltage into, said ramp circuit produces the changing voltage with first constant switching rate; And
Be coupled in the adjuster of said ramp circuit; Be used to receive the feedback signal of the said output voltage of expression; More said feedback signal of said adjuster and said changing voltage; And control said transducer according to the result of said comparison, make said output voltage convert the 4th magnitude of voltage into from the tertiary voltage value with the second constant switching rate.
15. the controller that is used for the control transformation device according to claim 14 is characterized in that, also comprises:
Be coupled in the protection assembly of said ramp circuit; Be used to produce termination signal; To stop the operation of said transducer, wherein, said ramp circuit also produces detection signal; Said detection signal representes whether said output voltage is in from said tertiary voltage value and converts into the process of said the 4th magnitude of voltage that said ramp circuit avoids said protection assembly to stop the operation of said transducer according to said detection signal.
16. the controller that is used for the control transformation device according to claim 14 is characterized in that, said ramp circuit comprises:
Current path, said current path comprises the first transistor that is coupled in first node, the transistor seconds that is coupled in the resistance between said first node and the Section Point and is coupled in said Section Point; And
Be coupled in a plurality of amplifiers of said current path; Be used for through controlling the node voltage on said first node and the said Section Point and controlling the grid voltage of said the first transistor and the grid voltage of said transistor seconds; With the flow through electric current of said current path of adjusting; Wherein, said controller is according to the said changing voltage of said Current Regulation.
17. the controller that is used for the control transformation device according to claim 16; It is characterized in that; Said a plurality of amplifier comprises first amplifier and second amplifier; Wherein, the first input end mouth of said first amplifier is coupled in said Section Point through first constant voltage source, and second input port of said first amplifier is coupled in said first node; The first input end mouth of said second amplifier is coupled in said first node through second constant voltage source, and second input port of said second amplifier is coupled in said Section Point.
18. the controller that is used for the control transformation device according to claim 16; It is characterized in that; When said reference voltage equaled said changing voltage, the said grid voltage of said the first transistor was controlled said the first transistor, so that said reference voltage is coupled in said first node; The said grid voltage of said transistor seconds is controlled said transistor seconds, so that said changing voltage is coupled in said Section Point.
19. the controller that is used for the control transformation device according to claim 16; It is characterized in that; When said reference voltage was not equal to said changing voltage, said the first transistor and said first amplifier constituted feedback loop, wherein; When said reference voltage was not equal to said changing voltage, it was constant voltage values that said feedback loop keeps the voltage difference between said first node and the said Section Point.
20. the controller that is used for the control transformation device according to claim 19; It is characterized in that; When said reference voltage was not equal to said changing voltage, the said grid voltage of said transistor seconds was controlled said transistor seconds, with said reference voltage to the said Section Point that is coupled.
21. the controller that is used for the control transformation device according to claim 19; It is characterized in that; When said reference voltage was not equal to said changing voltage, the said grid voltage of said transistor seconds was controlled said transistor seconds, with said changing voltage to the said Section Point that is coupled.
22. the controller that is used for the control transformation device according to claim 19 is characterized in that, the said grid voltage of said the first transistor changes according to said changing voltage.
23. the controller that is used for the control transformation device according to claim 19 is characterized in that, when said changing voltage changed, the said grid voltage of said the first transistor and the said grid voltage of said transistor seconds all remained unchanged.
24. the controller that is used for the control transformation device according to claim 16 is characterized in that, when said reference voltage was not equal to said changing voltage, said the first transistor and said transistor seconds were operated in the different working district.
25. the controller that is used for the control transformation device according to claim 16 is characterized in that, said ramp circuit also comprises:
Be coupled in the detection module of said a plurality of amplifiers; Be used to detect the said grid voltage of said the first transistor and the said grid voltage of said transistor seconds; And the generation detection signal, said detection signal is represented whether said output voltage is in from said tertiary voltage value and is converted into the process of the 4th magnitude of voltage.
26. the method for a control transformation device, said transducer converts input voltage into output voltage, it is characterized in that, said method comprising the steps of:
Receive reference voltage;
If said reference voltage converts second magnitude of voltage into from first magnitude of voltage, then produce changing voltage with first constant switching rate; And
Control said transducer according to said changing voltage, make said output voltage convert the 4th magnitude of voltage into from the tertiary voltage value with the second constant switching rate.
27. the method for control transformation device according to claim 26 is characterized in that, said method also comprises:
Receive the feedback signal of the said output voltage of expression; And
Control said output voltage according to the comparative result of said feedback signal and said changing voltage.
28. the method for control transformation device according to claim 26 is characterized in that, said method also comprises:
Produce detection signal, said detection signal is represented whether said output voltage is in from said tertiary voltage value and is converted into the process of said the 4th magnitude of voltage; And
Stop the protection assembly according to said detection signal, stop said transducer to avoid said protection assembly.
29. the method for control transformation device according to claim 26 is characterized in that, said method also comprises:
If said reference voltage converts said second magnitude of voltage into from said first magnitude of voltage, then produce the constant current of the current path of flowing through; And
With the said constant current electric capacity of flowing through, to produce said changing voltage.
30. the method for control transformation device according to claim 29 is characterized in that, said current path comprises the first transistor, resistance and the transistor seconds of mutual series connection, and wherein, said method comprises:
Detect the grid voltage of said the first transistor and the grid voltage of said transistor seconds; And
Said grid voltage according to the said grid voltage of said the first transistor and said transistor seconds produces detection signal, and said detection signal is represented whether said output voltage is in from said tertiary voltage value and converted into the process of said the 4th magnitude of voltage.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US36388510P | 2010-07-13 | 2010-07-13 | |
| US61/363,885 | 2010-07-13 | ||
| US13/166,603 | 2011-06-22 | ||
| US13/166,603 US9083237B2 (en) | 2010-07-13 | 2011-06-22 | Circuits and methods for controlling a DC/DC converter |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102332819A true CN102332819A (en) | 2012-01-25 |
| CN102332819B CN102332819B (en) | 2014-12-17 |
Family
ID=44802477
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110188824.2A Expired - Fee Related CN102332819B (en) | 2010-07-13 | 2011-07-05 | Controller for controlling converter, method and converting circuit |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US9083237B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP2408095A2 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP5455985B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN102332819B (en) |
| TW (1) | TWI439032B (en) |
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| CN104081611A (en) * | 2012-04-20 | 2014-10-01 | 惠普发展公司，有限责任合伙企业 | Overvoltage protection system and method |
| CN105827108A (en) * | 2015-01-26 | 2016-08-03 | 株式会社村田制作所 | Power supply device |
| CN108352828A (en) * | 2015-12-03 | 2018-07-31 | 德州仪器公司 | Digital pre-compensation for the voltage revolution in electric power converter |
| CN109494982A (en) * | 2018-12-24 | 2019-03-19 | 上海艾为电子技术股份有限公司 | A kind of Switching Power Supply control mode switch circuit and switching power source chip |
| CN113193860A (en) * | 2015-12-01 | 2021-07-30 | 西屋气动刹车技术公司 | System and method for over-current protection of field-controlled switches |
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| KR101989575B1 (en) | 2012-12-07 | 2019-06-14 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Adaptive power converting device |
| JP2017520226A (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2017-07-20 | ステファン デイビス，ケビン | Power conversion method and system |
| US11131208B2 (en) * | 2016-09-01 | 2021-09-28 | Rolls-Royce North American Technologies, Inc. | Embedded electric generator in turbine engine |
| GB2553794A (en) * | 2016-09-14 | 2018-03-21 | Nordic Semiconductor Asa | DC-DC converters |
| KR102510906B1 (en) * | 2016-11-16 | 2023-03-15 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Semiconductor device and system |
| GB2545587B (en) | 2017-03-10 | 2018-07-25 | 02Micro Inc | Systems and methods for controlling battery current |
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| CN109378970B (en) * | 2018-12-24 | 2023-10-20 | 上海艾为电子技术股份有限公司 | Switching power supply control mode switching circuit and switching power supply chip |
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| CN105827108A (en) * | 2015-01-26 | 2016-08-03 | 株式会社村田制作所 | Power supply device |
| CN113193860A (en) * | 2015-12-01 | 2021-07-30 | 西屋气动刹车技术公司 | System and method for over-current protection of field-controlled switches |
| CN108352828A (en) * | 2015-12-03 | 2018-07-31 | 德州仪器公司 | Digital pre-compensation for the voltage revolution in electric power converter |
| CN108352828B (en) * | 2015-12-03 | 2022-05-17 | 德州仪器公司 | Digital pre-compensation for voltage slewing in a power converter |
| CN109494982A (en) * | 2018-12-24 | 2019-03-19 | 上海艾为电子技术股份有限公司 | A kind of Switching Power Supply control mode switch circuit and switching power source chip |
| CN109494982B (en) * | 2018-12-24 | 2023-10-27 | 上海艾为电子技术股份有限公司 | Switching power supply control mode switching circuit and switching power supply chip |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| TWI439032B (en) | 2014-05-21 |
| JP2012023952A (en) | 2012-02-02 |
| JP5455985B2 (en) | 2014-03-26 |
| CN102332819B (en) | 2014-12-17 |
| US20120013315A1 (en) | 2012-01-19 |
| US9083237B2 (en) | 2015-07-14 |
| EP2408095A2 (en) | 2012-01-18 |
| TW201223100A (en) | 2012-06-01 |
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