CN102332561B - A kind of preparation method of electrodes of lithium-ion batteries - Google Patents

A kind of preparation method of electrodes of lithium-ion batteries Download PDF

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CN102332561B
CN102332561B CN201110281201.XA CN201110281201A CN102332561B CN 102332561 B CN102332561 B CN 102332561B CN 201110281201 A CN201110281201 A CN 201110281201A CN 102332561 B CN102332561 B CN 102332561B
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lithium
electrodes
pole piece
ion batteries
preparation
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CN102332561A (en
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周铁刚
陈杰
王会勤
余鹏
梁家华
李明
吴凯
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Ningde Amperex Technology Ltd
Dongguan Amperex Technology Ltd
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Dongguan Amperex Technology Ltd
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    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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Abstract

The present invention relates to technical field of lithium ion, be specifically related to a kind of foam metal that uses as the preparation method of the electrodes of lithium-ion batteries of collector.The present invention adopts slurry to pour into a mould or solves the difficult problem of traditional coating process at foam current collector surface coating spillage material with the method for powder compacting, and obtains the lithium ion battery with high-energy-density and good electrical properties.Because foam current collector has large porosity, can filling paste in its hole, thus greatly reduce the space of collector shared by inside battery, and effectively can reduce the number of plies of battery, the energy density of battery is significantly improved.

Description

A kind of preparation method of electrodes of lithium-ion batteries
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of lithium ion, be specifically related to a kind of foam metal that uses as the preparation method of the electrodes of lithium-ion batteries of collector.
Background technology
Lithium ion battery is a kind of battery with higher energy density and good environmental-protecting performance, and the advantages such as energy is high, reliability is high, processability is good that it has, are thus widely used in all kinds of portable electric appts.
Battery core in lithium ion battery generally comprises positive plate, barrier film and the negative plate that superposition mutually reels, and barrier film is interval in by two kinds of pole pieces insulation between adjacent positive and negative plate, simultaneously for keeping electrolyte.Positive and negative plate comprises the general both positive and negative polarity collector adopting aluminium foil and Copper Foil making respectively and the both positive and negative polarity diaphragm be attached on both positive and negative polarity collector, containing both positive and negative polarity active material.It is generally active material slurry is coated on the collection liquid surface that metal forming makes that traditional lithium ion cell electrode makes, then through super-dry, is made into electrode plates after colding pressing.But due to the characteristic of aluminium foil and Copper Foil self, the lithium ion battery made for both positive and negative polarity collector with it, when coating weight is very heavy, the electric conductivity of electrode interior is deteriorated, and causes lithium ion battery performance when discharge and recharge undesirable.In order to address this problem, patent CN1921190A discloses a kind of metal collector, and this collector has foaming structure, can improve coating weight larger time discharge and recharge problem.When after employing foam current collector, affluxion body in lithium ion batteries, because have the structure of spatial networks, makes the electron conduction ability of electrode strengthen, improve coating weight very large time performance of lithium ion battery.
Foam current collector why can improve coating weight large time the charge-discharge characteristic of lithium ion battery, being because the conductive structure in space on the one hand, is because larger space on the other hand.Its porosity is generally about 80%, and be directed to so large porosity, traditional lithium ion battery can not meet the making of foam current collector electrode plates, this mainly can not rest in foam current collector due to the existence of hole because of slurry during coating process, causes completing pole piece and makes this committed step.
In view of this, necessaryly provide a kind of electrode plates manufacture method simple to operate to meet the making requirement of foam metal as the lithium ion battery of collector, thus obtain and there is good electric conductivity and the lithium ion battery of cycle performance, for the application of lithium ion more broad range provides guarantee.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to: for the deficiencies in the prior art, and provide use foam metal simple to operate as the preparation method of the electrodes of lithium-ion batteries of collector, thus obtain and there is good electric conductivity and the lithium ion battery of cycle performance, for the application of lithium ion more broad range provides guarantee.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A preparation method for electrodes of lithium-ion batteries, comprises the following steps:
Step one, mixes active material, binding agent, conductive agent and solvent according to a certain percentage, obtains slurry;
Step 2, is cut into the size of needs by foam metal according to dimensional requirement, obtain foam-metal current collector body;
Step 3, described foam-metal current collector body is placed in a reservoir, first reserved tab welding position on foam-metal current collector body, then by the cast of described slurry or with powder compacting on described foam-metal current collector body, make slurry can be full of foam-metal current collector body inside and upper and lower surface, obtain wet pole piece;
Step 4, heats described container at a certain temperature, the wet pole piece in drying receptacle, obtained dry pole piece;
Step 5, described dry pole piece is carried out cold pressing treatment, and then soldering polar ear, obtains electrodes of lithium-ion batteries.
One as the preparation method of electrodes of lithium-ion batteries of the present invention is improved, and described foam metal is foamed aluminium or foam copper.
One as the preparation method of electrodes of lithium-ion batteries of the present invention is improved, the porosity of described foam metal is not less than 60%, because the too little meeting of porosity causes foam current collector grid line volume large, one is reduce energy density, two can cause the collector distribution of diaphragm inside even not, affect conductivity.
One as the preparation method of electrodes of lithium-ion batteries of the present invention is improved, and the height of described container is more than or equal to the thickness of described wet pole piece, otherwise slurry overflows, and can not reach the thickness specification needed for pole piece.
One as the preparation method of electrodes of lithium-ion batteries of the present invention is improved, and temperature described in step 4 is not less than 35 DEG C.Baking temperature is determined according to drying condition and type of solvent, and pole piece melting point substance is higher, and baking temperature can be higher, as low pressure, low temperature drying; It is dry that acetone kind solvent only needs a little higher than normal temperature to get final product.
One as the preparation method of electrodes of lithium-ion batteries of the present invention is improved, and the heat resisting temperature of described container is for be at least greater than 40 DEG C, and vessel temp is higher than slurry drying temperature, ensures that container is indeformable or melt.
One as the preparation method of electrodes of lithium-ion batteries of the present invention is improved, and when described electrodes of lithium-ion batteries is anode pole piece, described active material is cobalt acid lithium, lithium nickelate, LiMn2O4 or cobalt nickel ion doped; When described electrodes of lithium-ion batteries is cathode pole piece, described active material is native graphite, Delanium, hard carbon or soft carbon.
One as the preparation method of electrodes of lithium-ion batteries of the present invention is improved, and described conductive agent is conductive black, superconduction carbon black or ordinary carbon black.
One as the preparation method of electrodes of lithium-ion batteries of the present invention is improved, and described binding agent is Kynoar, butadiene-styrene rubber or sodium carboxymethylcellulose.
One as the preparation method of electrodes of lithium-ion batteries of the present invention is improved, and described solvent is 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE or water.
Relative to prior art, the method that the present invention adopts slurry to pour into a mould solves the difficult problem of traditional coating process at foam current collector surface coating spillage material, and obtains the lithium ion battery with high-energy-density and good electrical properties.Because foam current collector has large porosity, can filling paste in its hole, thus greatly reduce the space of collector shared by inside battery, and effectively can reduce the number of plies of battery, the energy density of battery is significantly improved.
Powder compacting of the present invention is by anode and cathode active material, conductive powder, glue, additive mixes, and puts into mixer and stirs, put into disintegrating machine fragmentation again and make powder after completing, powder is injected in the film chamber containing collector by injection molding machine, makes pole piece.The direct powder compacting of the present invention, not with an organic solvent, greatly reduces the cost making battery, and reduces the pollution to environment.Adopt injection molding machine can also precise hard_drawn tuhes shot, improve consistency and the uniformity of pole piece weight.
In addition, traditional pole piece is obtained, after coating weight reaches certain value by the method at collection liquid surface coating sizing-agent, if increase coating weight again, because slurry has mobility, slurry can produce certain flowing, makes the pole piece distribution of weight after drying uneven.And the present invention adopts slurry pour into a mould or make pole piece with powder compacting legal system, the homogeneity of the thickness of slurry can be controlled by the high consistency controlling chamber wall, pole piece weight everywhere can be uniformly distributed, obviously can improve the consistency of battery capacity like this, and then improve battery with two side terminals.
When adopting traditional aluminium foil or Copper Foil to be coated with as collector, slurry provided by the invention equally also can be adopted to pour into a mould or with the method for powder compacting to make thick film sheet.So the present invention equally also solves the conventional lithium ion battery problem that distribution of weight is uneven when making thick film sheet.
Marginal data
Fig. 1 be lithium ion battery of the present invention 25 DEG C time with 1C charge 1C electric discharge time cyclic curve.
Fig. 2 be lithium ion battery of the present invention 25 DEG C time with 1C curve of double curvature.
Embodiment
Comparative example (traditional handicraft making)
Prepared by anode pole piece: be add LiCoO2 (cobalt acid lithium), Super-P (superconduction carbon black), PVDF (Kynoar) NMP (1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE) mixing and stir obtain have the slurry of certain fluidity at 95.0: 2.5: 2.5 according to mass ratio, be coated in the two sides of the thick metal aluminum foil of 16um, be dried into the anode pole piece with certain pliability.Then through colding pressing, itemize, then the positive pole ear made by the aluminium flake thick with 0.4mm is connected on aluminium foil and obtains anode pole piece.
Prepared by cathode pole piece: by graphite, Super-P (conductive carbon black), CMC (water based adhesive, carboxymethyl cellulose), SBR (StyreneButadieneRubber, a kind of rubber) be 95.5: 1.5 according to mass ratio:: add deionized water mixing and stir obtain have the slurry of certain fluidity at 1.5: 1.5, again above-mentioned slurry is coated in the two sides of the thick metal copper foil of 12um, is dried into the cathode pole piece with certain flexibility.Then through colding pressing, itemize (namely to the size of cutting out, cutting into required size through cathode pole piece), then the negative lug made by the copper sheet thick with 0.4mm is connected on after on Copper Foil, obtains cathode pole piece.
The anode pole piece made, cathode pole piece and barrier film make naked battery core by lamination or winding, barrier film can adopt polypropylene (PP)-polyethylene (PE)-polypropylene PP tri-layers laminated film, then battery is loaded in battery packages shell, after heat-seal, electrolyte is injected in battery, with lithium hexafluoro phosphate (LiPF6) for electrolyte lithium salt, salinity is 1.0 mol/L, with the ethylene carbonate of 20%, the methyl ethyl carbonate of 30% and the dimethyl carbonate of 50% are solvent, then through changing into, the techniques such as ageing obtain finished product battery core.
The battery capacity test result of table 1 comparative example
Test sequence number Charge/discharge multiplying power Capacity data
1 0.5C/0.5C 2048mAh
2 0.5C/0.5C 2051mAh
3 0.5C/0.5C 2047mAh
4 0.5C/0.5C 2050mAh
5 0.5C/0.5C 2054mAh
6 0.5C/0.5C 2052mAh
Embodiment 1
Prepared by anode pole piece: cut out the foamed aluminium of corresponding size as required as plus plate current-collecting body.Be positioned over by plus plate current-collecting body in container, this container has the end, has wall, and the height of wall is greater than the thickness of positive polar body, and this container can be heated.Be add LiCoO2 (cobalt acid lithium), Super-P (superconduction carbon black), PVDF (Kynoar) NMP mixing and stir obtain have the slurry of certain fluidity at 95.0: 2.5: 2.5 according to mass ratio.The slurry be stirred is cast in above-mentioned foamed aluminium collection liquid surface, makes slurry be evenly distributed on foam current collector inner and surperficial, obtains positive pole and to wet pole piece.Then at 60 DEG C, this positive pole dry wets pole piece, obtains dry anode pole piece, colds pressing to dry anode pole piece, then the positive pole ear that aluminium flake thick for 0.4mm is made is welded on obtained anode pole piece on foamed aluminium.
Prepared by cathode pole piece: cut out the foam copper of corresponding size as required as negative current collector.Be positioned over by negative current collector in a container, this container has the end, has wall, and the height of wall is greater than the thickness of negative current collector, and this container can be heated.By Delanium, Super-P (conductive carbon black), CMC (water based adhesive, carboxymethyl cellulose), SBR (StyreneButadieneRubber, a kind of rubber) be 95.5: 1.5 according to mass ratio:: add deionized water mixing and stir obtain have the slurry of certain fluidity at 1.5: 1.5, the slurry be stirred is cast in above-mentioned foam copper current collector surface, slurry is made to be evenly distributed on foam current collector inner and surperficial, obtain negative pole to wet pole piece, then under 100 DEG C of dryings, this negative pole dry wets pole piece, obtain dry cathode pole piece, dry anode pole piece is colded pressing, obtained cathode pole piece on foam copper is connected on again by the negative lug that the nickel sheet that 0.4mm is thick is made.
The anode pole piece made, cathode pole piece and barrier film make naked battery core by lamination or winding, barrier film can adopt polypropylene (PP)-polyethylene (PE)-polypropylene PP tri-layers laminated film, then battery is loaded in battery packages shell, after heat-seal, electrolyte is injected in battery, with lithium hexafluoro phosphate (LiPF6) for electrolyte lithium salt, salinity is 1.0 mol/L, with the ethylene carbonate of 20%, the methyl ethyl carbonate of 30% and the dimethyl carbonate of 50% are solvent, then through changing into, the techniques such as ageing obtain finished product battery core.
The battery capacity test result of table 2 embodiment 1
Test sequence number Charge/discharge multiplying power Capacity data
1 0.5C/0.5C 2058mAh
2 0.5C/0.5C 2057mAh
3 0.5C/0.5C 2059mAh
4 0.5C/0.5C 2065mAh
5 0.5C/0.5C 2064mAh
6 0.5C/0.5C 2062mAh
Incorporated by reference to table 1, table 2, see Fig. 1 to Fig. 2, as can be seen from Figure 1, the discharge capacity of lithium ion battery of the present invention is apparently higher than traditional lithium ion battery.25 DEG C time, 1C charges, and 1C discharges, and after 500 circulations, capability retention, also 90%, compares traditional lithium ion battery, and the capability retention after 500 circulations exceeds 10%.As can be seen from Figure 2, lithium ion battery of the present invention and traditional lithium ion are respectively 25 DEG C time, discharge with 1C, can find out, the discharge voltage plateau of lithium ion battery of the present invention is apparently higher than traditional lithium ion battery, lithium-ion electric tank discharge average voltage of the present invention is 3.75V, and traditional lithium-ion electric tank discharge average voltage is 3.65V.
Lithium ion battery of the present invention, the test of discharge capacity, cycle life or discharge-rate is all obviously better than traditional lithium ion battery, particularly makes the heavy traditional performance of lithium ion battery of coating weight have clear improvement.
Embodiment 2
Prepared by anode pole piece: cut out the foamed aluminium of corresponding size as required as plus plate current-collecting body.Be positioned over by plus plate current-collecting body in container, this container has the end, has wall, and the height of wall is greater than the thickness of positive polar body, and this container can be heated.Be add LiMnO2 (LiMn2O4), conductive carbon black, sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) NMP (1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE) mixing and stir obtain have the slurry of certain fluidity at 95.0: 2.5: 2.5 according to mass ratio.The slurry be stirred is cast in above-mentioned foamed aluminium collection liquid surface, makes slurry be evenly distributed on foam current collector inner and surperficial, obtains positive pole and to wet pole piece.Then at 100 DEG C, this positive pole dry wets pole piece, obtains dry anode pole piece, colds pressing to dry anode pole piece, then the positive pole ear that aluminium flake thick for 0.4mm is made is welded on obtained anode pole piece on foamed aluminium.
Prepared by cathode pole piece: cut out the foam copper of corresponding size as required as negative current collector.Be positioned over by negative current collector in a container, this container has the end, has wall, and the height of wall is greater than the thickness of negative current collector, and this container can be heated.By native graphite, common carbon black, CMC (water based adhesive, carboxymethyl cellulose), SBR (StyreneButadieneRubber, a kind of rubber) be 95.5: 1.5 according to mass ratio:: add acetone mixing and stir obtain have the slurry of certain fluidity at 1.5: 1.5, the slurry be stirred is cast in above-mentioned foam copper current collector surface, slurry is made to be evenly distributed on foam current collector inner and surperficial, obtain negative pole to wet pole piece, then under 35 DEG C of dryings, this negative pole dry wets pole piece, obtain dry cathode pole piece, dry anode pole piece is colded pressing, obtained cathode pole piece on foam copper is connected on again by the negative lug that the nickel sheet that 0.4mm is thick is made.
The anode pole piece made, cathode pole piece and barrier film make naked battery core by lamination or winding, barrier film can adopt polypropylene (PP)-polyethylene (PE)-polypropylene PP tri-layers laminated film, then battery is loaded in battery packages shell, after heat-seal, electrolyte is injected in battery, with lithium hexafluoro phosphate (LiPF6) for electrolyte lithium salt, salinity is 1.0 mol/L, with the ethylene carbonate of 20%, the methyl ethyl carbonate of 30% and the dimethyl carbonate of 50% are solvent, then through changing into, the techniques such as ageing obtain finished product battery core.
Embodiment 3
Prepared by anode pole piece: cut out the foamed aluminium of corresponding size as required as plus plate current-collecting body.Be positioned over by plus plate current-collecting body in container, this container has the end, has wall, and the height of wall is greater than the thickness of positive polar body, and this container can be heated.Be add LiNiO2 (lithium nickelate), nickle cobalt lithium manganate, conductive carbon black, butadiene-styrene rubber (SBR) NMP (1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE) mixing and stir obtain have the slurry of certain fluidity at 90.0: 5.0: 2.5: 2.5 according to mass ratio.The slurry be stirred is cast in above-mentioned foamed aluminium collection liquid surface, makes slurry be evenly distributed on foam current collector inner and surperficial, obtains positive pole and to wet pole piece.Then at 80 DEG C, this positive pole dry wets pole piece, obtains dry anode pole piece, colds pressing to dry anode pole piece, then the positive pole ear that aluminium flake thick for 0.4mm is made is welded on obtained anode pole piece on foamed aluminium.
Prepared by cathode pole piece: cut out the foam copper of corresponding size as required as negative current collector.Be positioned over by negative current collector in a container, this container has the end, has wall, and the height of wall is greater than the thickness of negative current collector, and this container can be heated.By hard carbon, soft carbon, conductive carbon black, CMC (water based adhesive, carboxymethyl cellulose), SBR (StyreneButadieneRubber, a kind of rubber) be 90: 5.5: 1.5 according to mass ratio:: add deionized water mixing and stir obtain have the slurry of certain fluidity at 1.5: 1.5, the slurry be stirred is cast in above-mentioned foam copper current collector surface, slurry is made to be evenly distributed on foam current collector inner and surperficial, obtain negative pole to wet pole piece, then under 60 DEG C of dryings, this negative pole dry wets pole piece, obtain dry cathode pole piece, dry anode pole piece is colded pressing, obtained cathode pole piece on foam copper is connected on again by the negative lug that the nickel sheet that 0.4mm is thick is made.
The anode pole piece made, cathode pole piece and barrier film make naked battery core by lamination or winding, barrier film can adopt polypropylene (PP)-polyethylene (PE)-polypropylene PP tri-layers laminated film, then battery is loaded in battery packages shell, after heat-seal, electrolyte is injected in battery, with lithium hexafluoro phosphate (LiPF6) for electrolyte lithium salt, salinity is 1.0 mol/L, with the ethylene carbonate of 20%, the methyl ethyl carbonate of 30% and the dimethyl carbonate of 50% are solvent, then through changing into, the techniques such as ageing obtain finished product battery core.
Embodiment 4
Prepared by anode pole piece: cut out the foamed aluminium of corresponding size as required as plus plate current-collecting body.Plus plate current-collecting body is positioned in film chamber.Be add LiNiO2 (lithium nickelate), nickle cobalt lithium manganate, conductive carbon black, butadiene-styrene rubber (SBR), glycerol in mixer stir at 90.0: 4.0: 2.0: 2.0: 2.0 according to mass ratio.The powder be stirred is put into disintegrating machine and is carried out fragmentation, powder is injected into the powder compacting method containing foamed aluminium collection liquid surface, obtains anode pole piece by injection molding machine.Anode pole piece is colded pressing, then the positive pole ear that aluminium flake thick for 0.4mm is made is welded on obtained anode pole piece on foamed aluminium.
Prepared by cathode pole piece: cut out the foam copper of corresponding size as required as negative current collector.Negative current collector is positioned in injection molding machine.By hard carbon, soft carbon, conductive carbon black, CMC (water based adhesive, carboxymethyl cellulose), SBR (StyreneButadieneRubber, a kind of rubber), glycerol be 90: 4.0: 1.5 according to mass ratio:: add in mixer stir at 1.5: 1.5: 1.5.The powder be stirred is put into disintegrating machine and is carried out fragmentation, by injection molding machine, powder is injected into containing foam copper current collector surface, obtain cathode pole piece, anticathode pole piece is colded pressing, then is connected on obtained cathode pole piece on foam copper by the negative lug that the nickel sheet that 0.4mm is thick is made.
The anode pole piece made, cathode pole piece and barrier film make naked battery core by lamination or winding, barrier film can adopt polypropylene (PP)-polyethylene (PE)-polypropylene PP tri-layers laminated film, then battery is loaded in battery packages shell, after heat-seal, electrolyte is injected in battery, with lithium hexafluoro phosphate (LiPF6) for electrolyte lithium salt, salinity is 1.0 mol/L, with the ethylene carbonate of 20%, the methyl ethyl carbonate of 30% and the dimethyl carbonate of 50% are solvent, then through changing into, the techniques such as ageing obtain finished product battery core.
It should be noted that, according to the above description the announcement of book and elaboration, those skilled in the art in the invention can also change above-mentioned execution mode and revise.Therefore, the present invention is not limited to embodiment disclosed and described above, also should in the protection range of claim of the present invention to equivalent modifications more of the present invention and change.In addition, although employ some specific terms in this specification, these terms just for convenience of description, do not form any restriction to the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. a preparation method for electrodes of lithium-ion batteries, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
Step one, proportionally mixes active material, binding agent, conductive agent and additive, puts into mixer and stirs, and puts into disintegrating machine fragmentation again and make powder after completing;
Step 2, is cut into the size of needs by foam metal according to dimensional requirement, obtain foam-metal current collector body;
Step 3, places described foam-metal current collector body in a reservoir, and first reserved tab welding position on foam-metal current collector body, is then molded over described powder on described foam-metal current collector body in the mode of powder compacting, obtains wet pole piece;
Step 4, heats described container, the wet pole piece in drying receptacle, obtained dry pole piece;
Step 5, described dry pole piece is carried out cold pressing treatment, and then soldering polar ear, obtains electrodes of lithium-ion batteries.
2. the preparation method of electrodes of lithium-ion batteries according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described foam metal is foamed aluminium or foam copper.
3. the preparation method of electrodes of lithium-ion batteries according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the porosity of described foam metal is more than or equal to 60%.
4. the preparation method of electrodes of lithium-ion batteries according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the height of described container is more than or equal to the thickness of described wet pole piece.
5. the preparation method of electrodes of lithium-ion batteries according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the temperature heated described in step 4 is for being more than or equal to 35 DEG C.
6. the preparation method of electrodes of lithium-ion batteries according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the heat resisting temperature of described container is for being more than or equal to 40 DEG C.
7. the preparation method of electrodes of lithium-ion batteries according to claim 1, is characterized in that: when described electrodes of lithium-ion batteries is anode pole piece, and described active material is at least one in cobalt acid lithium, lithium nickelate, LiMn2O4 and brill nickel ion doped; When described electrodes of lithium-ion batteries is cathode pole piece, described active material is at least one in native graphite, Delanium, hard carbon and soft carbon.
8. the preparation method of electrodes of lithium-ion batteries according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described conductive agent is at least one of conductive black, superconduction carbon black and ordinary carbon black.
9. the preparation method of electrodes of lithium-ion batteries according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described binding agent is at least one of Kynoar, butadiene-styrene rubber and sodium carboxymethylcellulose.
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