Background technology
Vertoro power rectifier conversion occasion in needs such as Aero-Space, metallide, track traffic, wind power generation is used widely.Vertoro generally is made up of phase shifting transformer, a plurality of three-phase bridge rectification circuit and interphase reactor etc.Through phase shifting transformer, make the phase bit stack of staggering of the input current of a plurality of three-phase bridge rectification circuits, thereby make the input side electric current more near sinusoidal wave, reach the purpose that reduces Harmonics of Input content.Each rectification circuit can through interphase reactor parallel connection output or directly series connection export, obtain the VD with the corresponding ripple of pulse number, its voltage swing changes with the variation of input side voltage, does not generally have voltage stabilizing function.By the pulse number branch pulse wave vertoroes repeatedly such as 6,12,18,24 are arranged, along with increasing of pulse number, the corresponding reduction of Harmonics of Input, but the also corresponding increase of complicated circuit degree simultaneously.
Along with vertoro application more and more widely, a lot of occasions are also increasingly high to rectifier input and output performance demands.Hope that vertoro has less Harmonics of Input, and can realize voltage stabilizing function.For reducing of Harmonics of Input; It generally is the pulse number that perhaps increases vertoro in input termination filtering link; Input termination filtering link will significantly increase the vertoro volume and effect is not very good yet, and the increase pulse number can make main circuit and transformer device structure become complicated and increase cost.The method that adopts harmonic wave to inject can effectively reduce Harmonics of Input.For stablizing of output voltage, basic ideas are to seal in an adjustable voltage source, as the late-class circuit of vertoro.But when requiring to realize simultaneously above two functions; If directly in traditional vertoro, add harmonic wave injection circuit and voltage stabilizing circuit; Will certainly significantly increase the components and parts number, and the harmonic wave injection circuit needs auxiliary source, this makes circuit complexity increase; Volume weight increases, and reliability reduces.
Therefore, need seek a kind of voltage stabilizing and harmonic wave can realized simultaneously and inject dual-use function, can simplify circuit structure to a certain extent again and reduce component number, have the novel vertoro of high reliability.
Summary of the invention
1, goal of the invention
It is not enough and provide a kind of and merge the output voltage stabilizing and reduce the vertoro device of Harmonics of Input content dual-use function through the harmonic wave method for implanting to the objective of the invention is to overcome prior art, solves that traditional vertoro increases because of complicated circuit degree, the volume weight that directly increases voltage stabilizing circuit and harmonic wave injection circuit and brought greatly and the shortcoming of reliability reduction.
2, technical scheme
For reaching above-mentioned goal of the invention, the vertoro main circuit that fusion voltage stabilizing of the present invention and harmonic wave inject dual-use function comprises phase shifting transformer, two three-phase bridge rectification circuits, voltage stabilizing circuit and harmonic wave injection circuits.Said harmonic wave injection circuit is made up of switching inverter circuit, high frequency transformer, interphase reactor and inductance, and said voltage stabilizing circuit is made up of switching inverter circuit, high frequency transformer and single-phase rectification bridge.Wherein, voltage stabilizing circuit harmonic injection circuit comprises switching inverter circuit and high frequency transformer jointly.For the harmonic wave injection circuit; Adopting the current waveform in the current hysteresis ring control technology control harmonic wave injection circuit is triangular wave; Through the effect of rectifier and phase shifting transformer, the triangular wave that out of phase is concerned superposes by a certain percentage and obtains phase shifting transformer input electric current, and its waveform is more near sinusoidal wave; Harmonic content greatly reduces, to reach the purpose that reduces input current THD; For voltage stabilizing circuit, because realized the control of current hysteresis ring, controller will produce the power switch pipe of a series of drive switching inverter circuits; Will produce a series of positive and negative voltage square waves that replace on the former limit of high frequency transformer; For realizing voltage stabilizing function, adopt the method for stepped voltage regulation, the method has reduced the switching frequency of single-phase rectification bridge; Reduced switching loss, and control simple, feasible, precision is high.In the present invention, when voltage stabilizing harmonic injection circuit broke down, the vertoro that can make this fusion voltage stabilizing and harmonic wave inject dual-use function was made traditional vertoro mode and is moved, and therefore certain redundant ability was arranged, and had improved reliability.
Fusion voltage stabilizing of the present invention and harmonic wave inject the dual-use function vertoro, through the fusion to voltage stabilizing circuit and harmonic wave injection circuit, and adopt the stepped voltage regulation control method; Realizing under the harmonic wave function of injecting; Realize voltage stabilizing function simultaneously, make vertoro under the prerequisite that does not increase pulse number, can realize that just Harmonics of Input content significantly reduces; Improved the power factor of input; Simultaneously also make output voltage when different loads, can both be stabilized in a certain predeterminated target magnitude of voltage, improve the load capacity of vertoro.
3, beneficial effect
The vertoro that fusion voltage stabilizing of the present invention and harmonic wave inject dual-use function is a kind of vertoro that relates to other high-power applications such as Aero-Space, metallide, track traffic, wind power generation; Following advantage is arranged: (1) is under the situation that does not increase the vertoro pulse number; Reduced vertoro input current harmonics content; Improve the power factor of input, thereby reduce the input filter volume, and can reduce in the utility network because of the mobile harm that brings of harmonic wave; (2) effect through voltage stabilizing circuit makes output voltage under the different loads situation, and stable voltage output can both be arranged, and improves the load capacity of system; (3) voltage stabilizing and low harmonic wave inject two kinds of functions and realize simultaneously at the simplification circuit of a fusion, circuit structure is more simple, the components and parts number still less, complexity reduction, reliability increase; (4) voltage stabilizing function adopts the stepped voltage regulation mode to realize; This voltage regulating mode is coarse adjustment and the combining of fine setting; Avoid the restriction of change in duty cycle scope, and under the condition that realizes the precision of voltage regulation, reduced the switching frequency of rectifier bridge; Reduce switching loss, can improve system effectiveness to a certain extent.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment technical scheme of the present invention is further described.
This instance is with input three-phase 115V/400Hz alternating current, and 12 pulse wave vertoroes are that example describes.The main circuit structure block diagram that merges voltage stabilizing and harmonic wave injection dual-use function vertoro is as shown in Figure 1, and it is characterized in that: its circuit structure is made up of phase shifting transformer 1, three-phase bridge rectification circuit 2, three-phase bridge rectification circuit 3, interphase reactor 4, switching inverter circuit 5, single-phase rectification bridge 6, high frequency transformer 7, controller 8 and inductance 9.Phase shifting transformer 1 is the transformer of 30 ° of phase shifts; Its input inserts the alternating current of three-phase 115V/400Hz; Two-way three-phase output phase differs 30 °; Insert three-phase bridge rectification circuit 2 and 3, two three-phase bridge rectification circuits respectively and be connected in parallel, insert switching inverter circuit 5 in the output parallel connection of interphase reactor through interphase reactors 4.Switching inverter circuit 5 is made up of four switching tube Q1~Q4 and four diodes; Switching tube Q1 forward connects with switching tube Q3 and constitutes a brachium pontis; Switching tube Q2 forward connects with switching tube Q4 and constitutes another brachium pontis; Article two, the equidirectional parallel connection of brachium pontis constitutes a bridge circuit, draws output line respectively at Q1 and Q3 junction and Q2 and Q4 junction.For the method that connects of diode, the corresponding switching tube of each diode is connected with the switching tube reverse parallel connection, for voltage stabilizing circuit provides the energy back channel.The output of switching inverter circuit 5 connects the former limit winding of high frequency transformer 7, and second secondary winding of high frequency transformer links to each other with the secondary of interphase reactor 4 through inductance 9, and first secondary winding directly is connected with single-phase rectification bridge 6.Single-phase rectification bridge 6 is made up of four switching tube Q5~Q8; Switching tube Q5 and Q6 forward are composed in series a brachium pontis; Switching tube Q7 and Q8 forward are composed in series another brachium pontis, forward parallel connection formation of two brachium pontis bridge circuit, and whole single-phase rectification bridge forward seals in circuit.One end of single-phase rectification bridge links to each other with interphase reactor, and the other end is drawn as final output, and the junction of the junction of switching tube Q5 and Q6 and switching tube Q7 and Q8 goes between respectively and connects first secondary winding two ends of high frequency transformer 7.Controller 8 (is a capacitor C through sampling interphase reactor 4 outputs
1) voltage U
C1With the current i on the inductance 9
xAnd final output voltage U
o, according to the operation relation of setting, produce the drive signal of switching tube Q1~Q8, thereby realize control of current hysteresis ring and stepped voltage regulation control.
Operation principle of the present invention is:
As previously mentioned, voltage stabilizing circuit and harmonic wave injection circuit are to merge in the circuit of an integral body, for the ease of analyzing its operation principle, can circuit be carried out equivalence and separate.Because capacitor C
1Voltage U
C1The effect that the process switching inverter circuit is exported through the high frequency transformer transformation again is with capacitor C
1Voltage U
C1Be the same through the effect of switch inversion bridge output again through the high frequency transformer transformation earlier, so former harmonic wave injection circuit can equivalence circuit topological structure figure as shown in Figure 3.By shown in Figure 3, controller passes through signal sample circuit, the output voltage U of sampling interphase reactor
C1With the current i on the inductance
x, with the real-time current i of sampling
xSignal and target current waveform i
aMaximum i
A (max)With minimum value i
A (min)Compare, as inductive current i
xReach i
A (max)The time, the on off state of Q1~Q4 makes output voltage and sense of current opposite, thereby makes inductive current i in the change switching inverter
xReduce; When being reduced to minimum value i
A (min)The time, change the on off state of Q1~Q4 in the switching inverter once more, make output voltage and sense of current in the same way, thereby make inductive current i
xIncrease.I wherein
A (max)With i
A (min)The definite of value will decide according to the desired index of system.Its current waveform figure can make inductive current i according to above control method shown in Fig. 4 (a)
xBe triangular wave, as target current waveform i
aPeak value be a half of final output current; Just reach the optimum efficiency that reduces Harmonics of Input content; Total percent harmonic distortion of input current is reduced greatly, guaranteed that the input current THD of this 12 pulsating wave vertoro reaches the standard of each application scenario.Second secondary output waveform of circuit medium-high frequency transformer shown in Figure 2 is shown in Fig. 4 (b).In working control,, just will passing through, the drive signal that controller produces to remove switching tube in the driving switch inverter after the Dead Time control unit is handled, so U in order to prevent the switching tube conducting simultaneously on the same brachium pontis
N3Actual waveform in be null value within a certain period of time between the positive negative pulse stuffing.
In the present embodiment, can get by waveform among Fig. 4 (b): work as U
N3Be correct time, switching tube Q2 and Q3 conducting simultaneously in the switching inverter circuit, this moment the voltage direction and the sense of current in the same way, inductive current i
xRise; Work as U
N3When negative, switching tube Q1 and Q4 conducting simultaneously in the switching inverter circuit, voltage direction and current opposite in direction at this moment, inductive current i
xDescend, so repeatedly, conducting and shutoff through switching tube Q1~Q4 in the switching inverter have formed the PWM voltage waveform.Control method for the ease of to voltage stabilizing circuit describes, and utilization area equivalent principle can become the square-wave waveform among Fig. 4 (c) with the equivalence of the PWM waveform among Fig. 4 (b), from Fig. 4 (b), can draw the rule of current hysteresis ring control, at target current waveform i
aIn the interval of rising, U
N3The PWM waveform in the area of positive pulse greater than the area of negative pulse, in like manner, at target current waveform i
aIn the interval that descends, U
N3The PWM waveform in the area of negative pulse greater than the area of positive pulse, shown in Fig. 4 (c), at t
1~t
2In, because target current i
aWaveform descends, so U
N3The area of PWM waveform negative pulse greater than the area of positive pulse, therefore can equivalence become amplitude be-U
EqSquare wave because target current waveform i
aBe periodic triangular wave, downslope time equates that with the rise time when steady-working state, the voltage square wave positive negative pulse stuffing width of equivalence equates, amplitude is identical.The potential pulse that this equivalent way can make the potential pulse equivalence of high frequency significantly reduce for frequency helps reducing switching tube driving signal frequency in the single-phase rectification bridge, reduces switching loss.
In the present embodiment, since the effect of high frequency transformer, first secondary winding N in the high frequency transformer
2The waveform of last generation and second secondary winding N
3On voltage waveform identical, be designated as U
N2, its amplitude is U
EqN
3/ N
2, shown in Fig. 5 (a).U
N2The square-wave waveform that the equivalence waveform is also equal for the positive negative pulse stuffing width, amplitude is identical.For produce the direct voltage of a forward or negative sense at the single-phase rectification bridge output, adopt the stepped voltage regulation mode to realize.The basic thought of stepped voltage regulation is: get the wherein umber of pulse of a part to the direct impulse number of a time period by the mode of frequency division; The magnitude of voltage that obtains under the different divider ratios is graduate; This can realize the coarse adjustment of voltage; Under a certain frequency division state, regulate the duty ratio of drive signal then, realize the fine setting of voltage.The utilization stepped voltage regulation to single-phase rectification bridge in the control procedure of switching tube; Carry out major-minor switching tube mode of operation, promptly in the pressure regulation process of boosting, a main switch normal open is arranged; In step-down pressure regulation process; Another main switch normal open, all conductings in turn in the step-down pressure regulation process of boosting still of two other auxiliary switch pipe, such mode of operation has reduced switching loss to a certain extent once more.
Below with the oscillogram in the accompanying drawing 5 and combine accompanying drawing 2 circuit structure topological diagrams that the operation principle of stepped voltage regulation control method is done further explain.
Present embodiment is the 12 pulsating wave vertoro, and when the frequency of input AC electricity was 400Hz, the triangular current frequency that then needs in the harmonic wave injection circuit to inject was 2400Hz, then can get high frequency transformer secondary N by the stagnant link control method analysis of aforementioned currents
2Last voltage U
N2Equivalent waveform frequency also be 2400Hz.
Work as capacitor C
1Voltage U
C1During less than predetermined output voltage, the pressure regulation of then need boosting.Shown in Fig. 5 (b), when the switching tube drive signal is 1 frequency division in the single-phase rectification bridge, be 2400Hz, then the output voltage of single-phase rectification bridge is U
R1, U wherein
R1Waveform be to get U
N2All direct impulse in the waveform, this is the maximal regulated value U of pressure regulation of boosting
EqN
3/ (2N
2).Can draw in conjunction with the circuit structure among Fig. 2: at 0~t
1In, switching tube Q8 and Q5 conducting make U in the single-phase rectification bridge
R1Waveform is for just, at t
1~t
2In, switching tube Q8 and Q7 conducting make U
R1Waveform is zero.Shown in Fig. 5 (c), when the drive signal of switching tube in the single-phase rectification bridge is 2 frequency divisions, be 1200Hz, then the output voltage of single-phase rectification bridge is U
R2, U wherein
R2Waveform be to get U
N2All direct impulse numbers is half the in the waveform, can draw equally in conjunction with the circuit structure among Fig. 2: at 0~t
1In, switching tube Q8 and Q5 conducting make U in the rectifier bridge
R2Waveform is for just, at t
1~t
4In, switching tube Q8 and Q7 conducting make U
R2Waveform is zero.Operating state when comprehensive 1 frequency division and 2 frequency divisions, the similar state of releasing the n frequency division.Can find out: Q8 is the switching tube of normal open, and Q5 and Q7 take turns conducting.
Work as capacitor C
1Voltage U
C1During greater than predetermined output voltage, then need the step-down pressure regulation.In step-down pressure regulation process, with the pressure regulation of boosting similar relation is arranged, different is that the voltage that rectifier bridge is exported is to be negative pulse train, and the switching tube of conducting is also inequality.When the switching tube drive signal is 1 frequency division in the single-phase rectification bridge, at t
0~t
1In, switching tube Q6 and Q7 conducting make U in the single-phase rectification bridge
R1Waveform is for negative; At t
1~t
2In, switching tube Q6 and Q5 conducting make U in the single-phase rectification bridge
R1Waveform is zero, can find out that Q6 is the switching tube of normal open in the step-down pressure regulation, and Q5 and Q7 take turns conducting.According to co-relation; Can draw in the process of pressure regulation and step-down pressure regulation of boosting; Switching tube Q8 in the single-phase rectification bridge and Q6 conducting all the time respectively; Main switch under the major-minor switching tube mode of operation that Here it is, and switching tube Q5 and Q7 are by divider ratio its time of taking turns conducting of decision, institute thinks the auxiliary switch pipe.
According to the rule of above 1 frequency division and 2 frequency divisions, by that analogy, the relation of (to be a second example) divider ratio and umber of pulse that can draw in a period of time is as shown in table 1 below:
The relation table of table 1 divider ratio and umber of pulse
Divider ratio |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
|
n |
Umber of pulse |
2400 |
1200 |
800 |
600 |
480 |
|
2400/n |
As shown in table 1, the magnitude of voltage of the corresponding different brackets of different voltages with different umber of pulse is according to capacitor C
1Voltage U
C1With final export target voltage U
oThe difference order of magnitude confirm divider ratio, in approximate range, carry out pressure regulation, and the pressure regulation value is more little, divider ratio is big more, the switching frequency of switching tube is just low more in the rectifier bridge, switching loss is just more little, helps raising the efficiency.In order further voltage to be finely tuned, take duty ratio control, shown in waveform among Fig. 5 (c), be under the 2 frequency division situations in single-phase rectification bridge switching tube drive signal, time t
4Big or small constant, change t
1Size, thereby change the duty ratio D=t of drive signal
1/ t
4, therefore can be implemented in the continuous adjustment of voltage in 2 frequency divisions and 3 frequency divisions through reducing duty ratio D.When being generalized to all divider ratios, can in all divider ratio scopes, realize the fine setting of voltage, the combining of coarse adjustment and fine setting makes output voltage be stabilized in predetermined value with high accuracy.The stepped voltage regulation mode has solved the problem that can not realize the high accuracy fine setting because duty ratio is too little.
Above embodiment is concrete enforcement circuit theory diagrams of the present invention, does not limit protection scope of the present invention with this.Any based on the equivalent transformation circuit that the present invention did, all belong to protection range of the present invention.