CN102323220A - Detection system for improving stability of high sensitivity terahertz mixer and detection method - Google Patents
Detection system for improving stability of high sensitivity terahertz mixer and detection method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a detection system for improving the stability of a high sensitivity terahertz mixer, which comprises a terahertz frequency band local oscillator signal source, a beam splitter, a silicon lens, a mixer, a coaxial three-way joint, a direct current blocker, an isolator, a low-temperature low-noise amplifier, a normal temperature intermediate-frequency amplifier, a band-pass filter, a device for converting an intermediate frequency power into a direct current voltage, a computer, a direct current bias power supply, a bias deice, a microwave source and a low temperature dewar. The invention also discloses a detection method for improving the stability of the high sensitivity terahertz mixer. In the invention, a feedback circuit is used to control a microwave power further lower than a terahertz power so as to compensate the instability of a terahertz local oscillator power; and by taking the HEB (Hot Electron Bolometer) mixer as an example, the Allen time of the mixer is prolonged to about 10 seconds from about 1 second and the temperature resolution is improved by 30 percent.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the input field, be specifically related to a kind of detection system and detection method that improves highly sensitive Terahertz frequency mixer stability.
Background technology
The THz ripple is meant frequency at 0.1-10THz, the electromagnetic wave of wavelength in the 3000-30 mu m range.Its frequency band coincides in long-wave band and millimeter wave between microwave and visible light, coincides at short-wave band and infrared ray.The THz frequency band has very important science and using value.At first; The THz spectrum of material includes abundant physics and chemical information; Like the vibration and the rotation spectrum of molecule, particularly macromolecular vibrational spectrum has a lot of characteristic peaks at the THz wave band, and research material is significant for the structure of exploring material in the spectral characteristic of this wave band.Secondly, the energy of the photon of THz ripple has only the magnitude of milli electron-volt, compares with X ray, can not destroy the material of being surveyed because of ionization.These characteristics have determined the existence of THz technology to be worth, can predict it and test in material analysis, and spectrographic detection, environment detection, medical diagnosis, the broadband mobile communication, aspects such as satellite communication and military radar have great application potential.
To the detection of THz signal, mainly contain direct detection and mixing and survey two kinds of methods.Compare with direct detection, mixing is surveyed has very high frequency resolution, can reflect the details of signal spectrum.The three kind frequency mixer the most frequently used in the Terahertz frequency range are schottky diode frequency mixer, superconducting tunnel junction (SIS) frequency mixer and superconducting thermoelectron bolometer (HEB) frequency mixer.
Schottky diode is become support with semiconductor-metal, compares with the classical pn junction diode that uses under the low frequency, and very little junction capacity is arranged.Utilize its nonlinear voltage-current characteristic, can be as frequency mixer in microwave and Terahertz frequency range.
Superconduction tunnel junction frequency mixer is that the quasi particle channel effect that photon is participated in comes mixing when utilizing near being biased in energy gap voltage.
For superconductor, after temperature was reduced to a certain degree, the resistance of material was zero, and be superconducting state this moment.Resistance to superconducting state, is in a limited temperature interval, to accomplish from non-vanishing normal state.Usually be defined as the temperature of sample resistance drop to 1/2 normal state resistance the critical temperature of superconductor.In the time of near superconductor is in critical temperature, resistance is very responsive to variation of temperature, and extraneous electromagnetic radiation can be absorbed by superconducting thin film through coupling path, thereby changes the temperature of superconductor, utilizes this principle can process the superconduction bolograph.For the superconducting thin film of niobium nitride (NbN) material, having under the situation of terahertz emission, Cooper forms quasi particle to destroying, and under very low working temperature, electronics and phonon are decoupling to a certain extent.Electronics can have one than the high equalization temperature of lattice (phonon), so they are called as " thermoelectron ".Based on this principle, invented superconducting thermoelectron bolometer frequency mixer (HEB).
The shortcoming of schottky diode frequency mixer is need very big local oscillation power, approximate number milliwatt magnitude.And noise temperature is very high, especially under the situation of high frequency.The shortcoming of SIS knot frequency mixer is that bigger junction capacity is arranged, and needs tuned circuit, and under the situation of high frequency, performance descended when photon energy surpassed 2 times of energy gaps.So more than the 1THz frequency, what noise temperature was minimum at present is the HEB frequency mixer.The advantage that the HEB frequency mixer has frequency of operation not limited by superconducting energy gap, and reactance is little, does not have inner shunting capacitance, does not need tuned circuit.The local oscillation power that needs is minimum, in the magnitude of tens nanowatts.
In order to survey faint signal, require the temperature resolution of frequency mixer more little good more.The temperature resolution of frequency mixer is by noise temperature and stability decision.Survey a faint signal, for reaching certain signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio), a simple method is to increase integral time.But white noise is not only arranged in the real system, also have drift noise etc., so, exist a time value to make temperature resolution minimum along with the increase of integral time.This time is called Alan's time, and can not improve temperature resolution above Alan's time integral time.Alan's time is long more, and then the stability of system is good more.
The poor stability of HEB frequency mixer is tied frequency mixer in SIS.The instability of HEB frequency mixer mainly is that the drift by local oscillation signal power causes.In the working point of SIS knot frequency mixer, local oscillation signal is generally state of saturation, so intermediate frequency output is insensitive to the drift of local oscillation power.And at the best operating point of HEB frequency mixer, intermediate frequency output is very sensitive to the drift of local oscillation power.So the stability of highly sensitive HEB frequency mixer is the problem that needs solve.
Research in the past concentrates on and makes highly sensitive Terahertz frequency mixer reduce noise temperature; Thereby raising temperature resolution; But do not consider that local oscillation signal power is unstable, some factors relevant with other, these factors make the working point of frequency mixer unstable; Thereby the frequency mixer performance is brought influence, make the temperature resolution variation of frequency mixer.And use in the middle of the process of frequency mixer in reality, be certain to run into these situation.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: to the problem and shortage of above-mentioned existing existence; The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of detection system and detection method that improves highly sensitive Terahertz frequency mixer stability; Greatly improve the stability of highly sensitive Terahertz frequency mixer, thereby improve temperature resolution at best operating point.
Technical scheme: for realizing the foregoing invention purpose; The technical scheme that the present invention adopts is a kind of detection system that improves highly sensitive Terahertz frequency mixer stability; Comprise Terahertz frequency range local oscillation signal source, beam splitter, silicon lens, frequency mixer, coaxial three-way connection, direct-current blocking-up device, isolator, low temperature low noise amplifier, normal temperature intermediate frequency amplifier, BPF., be used for intermediate frequency power is converted into device, computing machine, direct current biasing power supply, biasing device, microwave source, the cooled cryostat of DC voltage; Said silicon lens, frequency mixer, coaxial three-way connection, direct-current blocking-up device, isolator, low temperature low noise amplifier are located in the cooled cryostat; Terahertz frequency range local oscillation signal source incoming light beam separation vessel; The Terahertz frequency range local oscillation signal of superhet mixing is provided; Beam splitter is a silicon lens transmission desired signal and reflected terahertz frequency range local oscillation signal now; Frequency mixer is located at the center of silicon lens; Frequency mixer output low frequency signal is to coaxial three-way connection, coaxial three-way connection output intermediate-freuqncy signal successively through direct-current blocking-up device, isolator, low temperature low noise amplifier, normal temperature intermediate frequency amplifier, BPF., be used for intermediate frequency power is converted into the device of DC voltage; Computing machine connects device, direct current biasing power supply and the microwave source that is used for intermediate frequency power is converted into DC voltage respectively, obtains the d. c. voltage signal after the sampling, the microwave signal power of controlled microwave source output; The direct current signal of microwave signal that microwave source sends and the output of direct current biasing power supply is received coaxial three-way connection through the prevention at radio-frequency port and the DC port of biasing device respectively, is added on the frequency mixer.Cooled cryostat is the general designation of the container of low temperature, puts into liquid nitrogen or/and low temperature mediums such as liquid heliums, the low evaporation that can keep these mediums, the low temperature environment that again simultaneously can sampling needs
Said desired signal can become 45 with Terahertz frequency range local oscillation signal incident direction with the beam splitter plane normal.
Also electromagnetic-wave absorbent be can be provided with, the desired signal of said beam splitter reflection and the Terahertz frequency range local oscillation signal of transmission thereof are used to absorb.
Said beam splitter can be diameter greater than 2 centimetres Mylar film.
Said frequency mixer can be adhesive in the silicon lens center with low temperature, and silicon lens is installed on the cold drawing in the cooled cryostat, and silicon lens and cold drawing have good thermo-contact.
Also can be provided with attenuator between said microwave source and the biasing device, the microwave signal that microwave source sends gets into the biasing device through attenuator.The effect of attenuator is the noise that reduces microwave source.
The present invention also provides a kind of detection method that improves highly sensitive Terahertz frequency mixer stability, sends microwave signal by computer-controlled microwave source, receives coaxial three-way connection through the prevention at radio-frequency port of biasing device, is added on the frequency mixer, constitutes backfeed loop; Through regulating the power of microwave signal, compensation is owing to the unstable frequency mixer working point of bringing of Terahertz frequency range local oscillation signal power is unstable.
The frequency of said microwave signal can be far below the frequency of Terahertz frequency range local oscillation signal, and far above the intermediate frequency cutoff frequency; The power of said microwave signal can not be higher than 20% of total radio-frequency power that frequency mixer absorbs.
Said microwave signal can be in the computing method of t microwave power P (t) constantly: the power of at first initialization microwave signal; Then in length is a period of time of t-τ; With time interval Δ t sampling, Δ t determines by sampling rate, t for the 1.5-2.5 of Alan's time of the system that do not add backfeed loop doubly; After process length is the time of t, be calculated as follows microwave power P (t):
In the formula, P (0) is the initial power of microwave, and K is an experience factor, I
PresetBe the current value of frequency mixer at lowest noise temperature offset point, τ refers to the initial time of sampling, and I (x-τ) is an x-τ current value constantly.
Beneficial effect: the present invention uses the control of backfeed loop far below the microwave power of the Terahertz frequency instability with compensation Terahertz local oscillation power; With the HEB frequency mixer is example; Can Alan's time of frequency mixer be brought up to about 10 seconds from about 1 second, temperature resolution improves 30%.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the program flow diagram in Control and Feedback loop;
Fig. 2 connects synoptic diagram for system of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is for having feedback and do not have under the feedback, the synoptic diagram that electric current changed along with the time;
Fig. 4 is for having feedback and do not have under the feedback, the time dependent synoptic diagram of Alan's variance of intermediate frequency output.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment; Further illustrate the present invention; Should understand these embodiment only be used to the present invention is described and be not used in the restriction scope of the present invention; After having read the present invention, those skilled in the art all fall within the application's accompanying claims institute restricted portion to the modification of the various equivalent form of values of the present invention.
With the HEB frequency mixer is example, describes concrete measuring process.As shown in Figure 2, get into Dewar inside through the Terahertz frequency range local oscillation signal of beam splitter reflection and the 300K load signal (being the desired signal in claims) of its transmission through the dewar window that is located on low-temperature liquid helium Dewar (being the cooled cryostat in claims) outer wall.Dewar is a betal can; Electromagnetic wave signal will just can shine Dewar inside through a window; So need to use a kind of material not only can keep vacuum but also can the transmission electromagnetic wave, the Mylar window that the present invention uses is a kind of polyester plastics film that E.I.Du Pont Company produces, and satisfies above-mentioned requirements; And higher physical strength is arranged, also can use other material here.Frequency mixer is adhesive in silicon hyper-hemispherical lens center with low temperature, and silicon lens is installed on the cold drawing in the low-temperature liquid helium Dewar, and with cold drawing good thermo-contact is arranged.Silicon lens radius 4mm, the frame material of fixed lens are oxygen-free copper.Frequency mixer is not only imported Terahertz local oscillation signal, desired signal, also imports by the biasing device and is input to the direct current biasing of coaxial SMA three-way connection and the microwave signal of feedback (being radiofrequency signal), and the output intermediate-freuqncy signal is to coaxial SMA three-way connection.The constant voltage biasing is adopted in biasing, mixer bias on a fixing voltage.The external circuit of Dewar, effect are to add an adjustable voltage (can realize with a battery and a variable resistor, also available commercial voltage source etc.) at the frequency mixer two ends, have individual optimum voltage value to make that the frequency mixer performance is best.After this voltage is the microwave signal merging through biasing device (BiasTee) and feedback, be added to an end of SMA three-way connection together.This routine optimum voltage is 1.25mV, and this moment, electric current was 25 μ A.On this just bias point, the noise temperature of frequency mixer is minimum.
Coaxial SMA three-way connection (interface of three direction intercommunications has sub-miniature A connector on each mouthful) output intermediate-freuqncy signal is through direct-current blocking-up device and isolator; The low temperature low noise amplifier that is 30dB through a gain amplifies; Output to outside the Dewar, through two normal temperature intermediate frequency amplifiers that gain all is 25dB, connect a BPF. then again; Centre frequency is 1.5GHz, and bandwidth is 100MHz.Connect wave detector behind the BPF., be converted into DC voltage to intermediate frequency power, gather DC voltage, the input computing machine through a HP34401 digital multimeter.The microwave signal of feedback is received coaxial three-way connection through the prevention at radio-frequency port of a biasing device (Bias Tee), is added on the frequency mixer.Use another HP34401 digital multimeter to measure the dc bias current of direct current biasing power supply generation and the waveform of time simultaneously, be input to the microwave power of control program decision feedback.The multimeter sampling rate is set to SLOW4, about 9Hz.
Local oscillator is used the Terahertz source of a 650GHz, is that 13.5GHz microwave oscillator signal frequency multiplication is obtained for 48 times.Also can use the terahertz signal source of other any kind, as long as enough local oscillation power can be provided.Beam splitter is the Mylar film of 50 micron thick, 10 centimetres of diameters, and local oscillation signal is added to dewar window through the beam splitter reflection.
Microwave source uses Agilent E8257D microwave signal generator, in order to reduce noise, connects the attenuator of 2 10dB.Microwave signal generator is received a PC computer through gpib interface, to control its watt level.Use LabVIEW to write control program, also can use other Control Software.For frequency mixer when certain microwave power is arranged is operated in the just bias point, bias current is slightly larger than the just bias electric current when requiring only to use local oscillation signal, generally gets big by 10%.In order not influence the performance of HEB frequency mixer, the adjustable microwave power of use can not surpass 20% of total radio-frequency power, and in order not produce undesired signal at medium frequency output end, the frequency that requires the compensation microwave simultaneously will be far above the intermediate frequency cutoff frequency far below local frequency.Consider above factor, getting microwave frequency is 17.22GHz.
As shown in Figure 1, program is the output power of initialization microwave at first, generally gets pact-5dBm (before attenuator), and in length was a period of time of t-τ, with time interval Δ t sampling, Δ t was about 9Hz by the decision of multimeter sampling rate here then.The value of t get HEB do not add feedback Alan's time 1.5-2.5 doubly about; Through length is that t is after the time; With the electric current of sampling (is x-τ electric current constantly in the claim; Actual bias current among Fig. 1) value deduct setting just bias point electric current (be in the claim frequency mixer at the electric current of lowest noise temperature offset point, the preset bias current among Fig. 1) value I
Preset, on all sampled points, sue for peace, multiply by experience factor K then, the initial power of microwave is deducted this value, change the microwave power of output then, always so circulation.The value that provides K through theory is very difficult, and inaccurate.So experience factor K will be through watching actual feedback effects decision; The K value of using different frequency mixer and local oscillation signal source to get is also different, for configuration shown in Figure 2, through observing actual feedback effects; Can be easy to draw the value of K, get K=-0.1dB/ μ A here.
Fig. 3 has provided to add feedback and do not add and has fed back the relation of bias current along with the time variation, can find out that adding working point, feedback back stablizes much than not adding to feed back.
Fig. 4 has provided and on just bias point, has added feedback and the Alan's variance curve that does not add feedback system, can find out the Alan's time T that does not add feedback system
ABe about 1 second, added feedback back T
A' be near 20 seconds.
Claims (9)
1. one kind is improved the stable detection system of highly sensitive Terahertz frequency mixer; It is characterized in that; Comprise Terahertz frequency range local oscillation signal source, beam splitter, silicon lens, frequency mixer, coaxial three-way connection, direct-current blocking-up device, isolator, low temperature low noise amplifier, normal temperature intermediate frequency amplifier, BPF., be used for intermediate frequency power is converted into device, computing machine, direct current biasing power supply, biasing device, microwave source, the cooled cryostat of DC voltage; Said silicon lens, frequency mixer, coaxial three-way connection, direct-current blocking-up device, isolator, low temperature low noise amplifier are located in the cooled cryostat; Terahertz frequency range local oscillation signal source incoming light beam separation vessel; The Terahertz frequency range local oscillation signal of superhet mixing is provided; Beam splitter is a silicon lens transmission desired signal and reflected terahertz frequency range local oscillation signal now; Frequency mixer is located at the center of silicon lens, and frequency mixer output low frequency signal is to coaxial three-way connection, coaxial three-way connection output intermediate-freuqncy signal successively through direct-current blocking-up device, isolator, low temperature low noise amplifier, normal temperature intermediate frequency amplifier, BPF., be used for intermediate frequency power is converted into the device of DC voltage; Computing machine connects device, direct current biasing power supply and the microwave source that is used for intermediate frequency power is converted into DC voltage respectively, obtains the d. c. voltage signal after the sampling, the microwave signal power of controlled microwave source output; The direct current signal of microwave signal that microwave source sends and the output of direct current biasing power supply is received coaxial three-way connection through the prevention at radio-frequency port and the DC port of biasing device respectively, is added on the frequency mixer.
2. according to the detection system of the highly sensitive Terahertz frequency mixer stability of the said raising of claim 1, it is characterized in that: said desired signal becomes 45 with Terahertz frequency range local oscillation signal incident direction with the beam splitter plane normal.
3. according to the detection system of the highly sensitive Terahertz frequency mixer stability of the said raising of claim 1, it is characterized in that: also be provided with electromagnetic-wave absorbent, be used to absorb the desired signal of said beam splitter reflection and the Terahertz frequency range local oscillation signal of transmission thereof.
4. according to the detection system of the highly sensitive Terahertz frequency mixer of the said raising of claim 1 stability, it is characterized in that: said beam splitter is a diameter greater than 2 centimetres Mylar film.
5. according to the stable detection system of the highly sensitive Terahertz frequency mixer of the said raising of claim 1; It is characterized in that: said frequency mixer is adhesive in the silicon lens center with low temperature; Silicon lens is installed on the cold drawing in the cooled cryostat, and silicon lens and cold drawing have good thermo-contact.
6. according to the detection system of the highly sensitive Terahertz frequency mixer stability of the said raising of claim 1, it is characterized in that: also be provided with attenuator between said microwave source and the biasing device, the microwave signal that microwave source sends gets into the biasing device through attenuator.
7. one kind is utilized the detection method of the highly sensitive Terahertz frequency mixer stability of raising of system according to claim 1; It is characterized in that, send microwave signal, receive coaxial three-way connection through the prevention at radio-frequency port of biasing device by computer-controlled microwave source; Be added on the frequency mixer, constitute backfeed loop; Through regulating the power of microwave signal, compensation is owing to the unstable frequency mixer working point of bringing of Terahertz frequency range local oscillation signal power is unstable.
8. according to the detection method of the highly sensitive Terahertz frequency mixer of the said raising of claim 7 stability, it is characterized in that the frequency of said microwave signal is far below the frequency of Terahertz frequency range local oscillation signal, and far above the intermediate frequency cutoff frequency; The power of said microwave signal is not higher than 20% of total radio-frequency power that frequency mixer absorbs.
9. according to the detection method of the highly sensitive Terahertz frequency mixer stability of the said raising of claim 7, it is characterized in that said microwave signal is following in the computing method of t microwave power P (t) constantly: the power of at first initialization microwave signal; Then in length is a period of time of t-τ; With time interval Δ t sampling, Δ t determines by sampling rate, t for the 1.5-2.5 of Alan's time of the system that do not add backfeed loop doubly; After process length is the time of t, be calculated as follows microwave power P (t):
In the formula, P (0) is the initial power of microwave, and K is an experience factor, I
PresetBe the current value of frequency mixer at lowest noise temperature offset point, τ refers to the initial time of sampling, and I (x-τ) is an x-τ current value constantly.
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| CN103090977A (en) * | 2012-11-30 | 2013-05-08 | 南京大学 | Terahertz signal detection device |
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| CN112345083A (en) * | 2020-11-05 | 2021-02-09 | 南京工程学院 | High-temperature superconducting terahertz radiation source intelligent testing device based on different bias conditions |
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