CN102316280A - Image sensor and method for eliminating power supply noises of image sensor - Google Patents
Image sensor and method for eliminating power supply noises of image sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN102316280A CN102316280A CN201010223547XA CN201010223547A CN102316280A CN 102316280 A CN102316280 A CN 102316280A CN 201010223547X A CN201010223547X A CN 201010223547XA CN 201010223547 A CN201010223547 A CN 201010223547A CN 102316280 A CN102316280 A CN 102316280A
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Abstract
The invention provides an image sensor and a method for eliminating power supply noises of the image sensor. The image sensor comprises a pixel array, a noise acquisition circuit, a pixel unit signal output circuit and a noise removing circuit, wherein each row of the pixel array comprises standard pixel units and non-daylighting dark pixel units; the noise acquisition circuit is used for obtaining power supply noise differences by utilizing power supply signals which are acquired by the dark pixel units for the first time and the second time and superposed with the power supply noises; the pixel unit signal output circuit is used for obtaining photo-converted electric signals superposed with the power supply noise differences by utilizing the power supply signals which are acquired for the first time by the standard pixel units and superposed with the power supply noises and photo-converted electric signals which are acquired for the second time by the standard pixel units and superposed with the power supply noises and the power supply signals; and the noise removing circuit is used for removing the power supply noise differences from the photo-converted electric signals superposed with the power supply noise differences, thereby improving the image displaying quality of the image sensor.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to image processing field, the method for particularly a kind of imageing sensor and removal of images sensor electrical source noise.
Background technology
The cmos image sensing technology is a kind of technology based on CMOS technology, is obtaining development fast over past ten years.Cmos image sensor is gathered, transmits, is handled and export image through integrated analog-and digital-circuit.This compared with techniques is in the image sensing technology of other types, have the integrated level height, low in energy consumption, cost is low, advantage such as powerful, is a kind of technology that bright prospects are arranged.
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation of existing imageing sensor.Existing imageing sensor, as shown in Figure 1, comprise pel array 10, double sampling circuit 20 and analog to digital conversion circuit 30.Wherein, have the standard pixel unit 11 of arrayed in the pel array 10, said standard pixel unit 11 is used to gather light signal, and is converted into the signal of telecommunication, i.e. the light conversion back signal of telecommunication.Normally adopt the mode that said pel array 10 is lined by line scan to obtain the light conversion back signal of telecommunication of said pel array 10 outputs in the prior art; Said light conversion back signal of telecommunication parallel transmission with every capable pel array 10 outputs arrives double sampling circuit 20, each double sampling circuit 20 corresponding row standard pixel unit 11 then.The cycle of said pel array 10 work comprises charge cycle and integration period.Said double sampling circuit 20 obtains standard pixel unit 11 signal of telecommunication after the light conversion of the collection of charge cycle and integration period; Just finish the back Direct Sampling at charge cycle for the first time; And the storage sampled result first time; Because sampling for the first time is after charge cycle finishes, therefore said first time, sampled result only comprised the power supply signal that is superimposed with the noise signal of sampling instant for the first time, did not comprise the light conversion back signal of telecommunication; Finish the back Direct Sampling at integration period for the second time; And the storage sampled result second time; Said second time, sampled result comprised the power supply signal that is superimposed with the noise signal of sampling instant for the second time and the light conversion signal of telecommunication afterwards; For the second time poor then with doing of sampled result for the first time, obtain the actual light conversion back signal of telecommunication, but just can eliminate noise fully when so only noise is identical when double sampling.Double sampling circuit 20 is changed back signal of telecommunication serial with light and is input to analog to digital conversion circuit 30, converts the magnitude of voltage of simulating into digital signal, and digital signal is exported display image afterwards through the analysis and the processing of follow-up treatment circuit 40 again.
A kind of method that is used for the removal of images sensor noise is for example disclosed in the Chinese patent document of publication number " CN 101494728A ".Some the public noises when but said method all only can be eliminated sampling for the first time and sample for the second time, and can not thoroughly solve noise problem.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention solves provides the method for a kind of imageing sensor and removal of images sensor electrical source noise, thereby improves the quality of imageing sensor display image.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention provides a kind of imageing sensor, comprising:
Pel array, each row of said pel array comprises standard pixel unit and dark pixel unit;
The noise Acquisition Circuit is used to utilize the dark pixel unit at the first time and the power supply signal of gathering for the second time that is superimposed with power supply noise, and it is poor to obtain power supply noise;
The pixel cell signal output apparatus; Be used for changing the back signal of telecommunication at the power supply signal of gathering for the first time that is superimposed with power supply noise with at the light of gathering for the second time that is superimposed with power supply noise, power supply signal according to the standard pixel unit; Obtain being superimposed with the light conversion back signal of telecommunication of power supply noise difference; Gather the first time of said dark pixel unit and said standard pixel unit to gathering simultaneously, gather the second time of said dark pixel unit and said standard pixel unit to gathering simultaneously;
Noise removing circuit, it is poor to be used for removing said power supply noise from the said light conversion back signal of telecommunication that is superimposed with the power supply noise difference.
Preferably, each row of said pel array comprises 4 to 8 said dark pixel unit.
Preferably, said dark pixel unit comprises structure and the light non-transmittable layers identical with the standard pixel unit, and said light non-transmittable layers covers the structure identical with the standard pixel unit.。
Preferably, said dark pixel unit comprises light sensitive diode, on said light sensitive diode, is coated with light non-transmittable layers.
Preferably; Said dark pixel unit also comprises: NMOS pipe, the 2nd NMOS pipe, the 3rd NMOS pipe, the 4th NMOS pipe and light sensitive diode, and the positive electrical of said light sensitive diode connects ground, and negative electricity connects the source electrode of said NMOS pipe; The grid input power supply signal of said NMOS pipe; The drain electrode of said NMOS pipe is electrically connected the source electrode of the 2nd NMOS pipe, the drain and gate input power supply signal of said the 2nd NMOS pipe, the drain electrode input power supply signal of said the 3rd NMOS pipe; The grid of said the 3rd NMOS pipe is electrically connected the drain electrode of said NMOS pipe; The source electrode of said the 3rd NMOS pipe is electrically connected the source electrode of the 4th NMOS pipe, the grid input gating signal of said the 4th NMOS, and said the 4th NMOS drain electrode is output.
Preferably, in the said pel array each the row said dark pixel unit cell arrangement in identical row;
Said noise Acquisition Circuit comprises:
Sampling unit is used to obtain for the first time and the power supply signal that is superimposed with power supply noise of each row dark pixel unit collection for the second time;
Processing unit; Be used for the power supply signal of gathering for the first time with the dark pixel unit of delegation that is superimposed with power supply noise is asked average; The power supply signal of gathering for the second time with the dark pixel unit of delegation that is superimposed with power supply noise is asked average; And the power supply signal that is superimposed with power supply noise with said secondary after average as a reference signal the said primary power supply signal that is superimposed with power supply noise after average carried out difference amplify, it is poor to obtain power supply noise;
AD conversion unit, being used for power supply noise difference with the analog form of the difference of processing unit output, to be converted into the power supply noise of digital form poor.
Preferably; Said processing unit comprises: the differential amplifier of differential-input differential output form, and at the 6th switch and the 4th electric capacity of the 5th switch of parallel connection between the positive input of said differential amplifier and the inverse output terminal and the 3rd electric capacity and parallel connection between the reverse input end of differential amplifier and forward output.
Preferably, said sampling unit comprises:
Be connected electrically in the output of said dark pixel unit and first switch between the first node; Be connected electrically in the output of said dark pixel unit and the second switch between the Section Point; Be connected electrically in first electric capacity between first node and the ground and be connected electrically in Section Point and ground between second electric capacity; Be connected electrically in the 3rd switch of first node and differential amplifier positive input, be connected electrically in the 4th switch of Section Point and differential amplifier reverse input end.
Preferably, said pixel cell signal output apparatus comprises:
Secondary sampling unit; Be used to obtain the light conversion back signal of telecommunication that is superimposed with power supply noise, power supply signal of the power supply signal that is superimposed with power supply noise of standard pixel unit collection for the first time and standard pixel unit collection for the second time, and the light conversion back signal of telecommunication that is superimposed with said power supply noise difference of the analog form of output difference;
AD conversion unit, the light conversion back electrical signal conversion that is used for the analog form of said double sampling circuit output is the light conversion back signal of telecommunication of digital form.
Preferably, said double sampling circuit comprises:
Sampling unit is used to obtain the power supply signal that is superimposed with power supply noise of standard pixel unit collection for the first time and changes the back signal of telecommunication with the light that is superimposed with power supply noise, power supply signal of standard pixel unit collection for the second time;
Differential amplifier; Be used for the primary power supply signal that is superimposed with power supply noise as a reference signal secondary light conversion back signal of telecommunication that is superimposed with power supply noise, power supply signal carried out difference amplify; Said differential amplifier is differential-input differential output, between the positive input of differential amplifier and inverse output terminal, is parallel with the 5th switch and the 3rd electric capacity; Between the reverse input end of differential amplifier and forward output, be parallel with the 6th switch and the 4th electric capacity.
Preferably, also comprise the memory that is connected electrically between said noise Acquisition Circuit and said noise removing circuit, it is poor to be used to store said power supply noise, and the power supply noise difference after will storing sends to said noise removing circuit;
Also comprise the memory that is connected electrically between said pixel cell signal output apparatus and the said noise removing circuit; Be used to store the light conversion back signal of telecommunication that is superimposed with the power supply noise difference, and the light conversion back signal of telecommunication that is superimposed with the power supply noise difference after will storing sends to said noise removing circuit.
Corresponding the present invention also provides a kind of method of removal of images sensor electrical source noise, comprises step:
Pel array is set, and each row of said pel array comprises standard pixel unit and dark pixel unit;
Utilize the dark pixel unit at the first time and the power supply signal of gathering for the second time that is superimposed with power supply noise, it is poor to obtain power supply noise;
Change the back signal of telecommunication according to the standard pixel unit at the power supply signal of gathering for the first time that is superimposed with power supply noise with at the light of gathering for the second time that is superimposed with power supply noise, power supply signal; Obtain being superimposed with the light conversion back signal of telecommunication of power supply noise difference; Gather the first time of said dark pixel unit and said standard pixel unit to gathering simultaneously, gather the second time of said dark pixel unit and said standard pixel unit to gathering simultaneously;
It is poor after the said light that is superimposed with the power supply noise difference is changed, to remove said power supply noise the signal of telecommunication.
Preferably, after the said step that obtains the power supply noise difference step and the light conversion back signal of telecommunication that obtains being superimposed with the power supply noise difference, from the said light conversion back signal of telecommunication that is superimposed with the power supply noise difference, remove and also comprise step before the said power supply noise difference step:
Store the said power supply noise difference and the light conversion back signal of telecommunication that is superimposed with the power supply noise difference.
Compared with prior art, the present invention mainly has the following advantages:
The imageing sensor of prior art is only identical with the moment noise of sampling for the second time in sampling for the first time; Could eliminate; But because noise is changing always; Some public noises when therefore existing imageing sensor all only can be eliminated sampling for the first time and sample for the second time, and can not thoroughly solve noise problem.Power supply noise when the present invention gathers for the first time and gathers for the second time through the collection of dark pixel unit is set in imageing sensor; And the power supply noise that utilizes the noise Acquisition Circuit to obtain to gather for the first time when gathering for the second time is poor; And when the dark pixel unit is gathered the standard pixel unit also to twice of light signal collection; And utilize the pixel cell signal output apparatus to obtain to be superimposed with the light conversion back signal of telecommunication of power supply noise difference, then the power supply noise difference that said noise Acquisition Circuit collects is removed from the light conversion back signal of telecommunication that is superimposed with the power supply noise difference that said standard pixel collects.Therefore compare the method for imageing sensor of the present invention and removal of images sensor noise with prior art, improved the accuracy of the light conversion back signal of telecommunication of imageing sensor output greatly.
Description of drawings
Through the more specifically explanation of the preferred embodiments of the present invention shown in the accompanying drawing, above-mentioned and other purpose, characteristic and advantage of the present invention will be more clear.Reference numeral identical in whole accompanying drawings is indicated identical part.Painstakingly do not draw accompanying drawing, focus on illustrating purport of the present invention by actual size equal proportion convergent-divergent.
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation of existing imageing sensor;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of imageing sensor of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the circuit diagram of dark pixel unit one embodiment in the imageing sensor shown in Figure 2;
Fig. 4 is the circuit diagram of standard pixel cell one embodiment in the imageing sensor shown in Figure 2;
Fig. 5 is the signal of noise Acquisition Circuit one embodiment in the imageing sensor shown in Figure 2;
Fig. 6 is the circuit diagram of pixel cell signal output apparatus in the imageing sensor shown in Figure 2;
Fig. 6 a is the image sensor architecture sketch map of another preferred embodiment;
Fig. 7 is the method flow diagram of removal of images sensor electrical source noise;
Fig. 8 is the working timing figure of said imageing sensor.
Embodiment
Can know that by background technology existing imageing sensor just can not be eliminated noise when noise is incomplete same when double sampling fully, and only can eliminate some public noises.And in the existing C mos image sensor, there is noise usually in power supply, and this power supply noise changing always, and this power supply noise can be added on the light conversion back signal of telecommunication of output when reading each row pixel cell.Because power supply noise is changing always; Make at difference power supply noise constantly different; For example the power supply noise when sampling was for the first time sampled with the second time is different; Therefore the power supply noise on sampling for the first time is added to the light conversion back signal of telecommunication of pixel cell output when sampling for the second time just has difference, yet that subsequent conditioning circuit has no idea to eliminate this power supply noise is poor, is on line direction, to have obviously flicker thereby cause image appearance; Because light conversion back electrical signal intensity itself is just very little under the half-light; The intensity of power supply noise difference might reach the intensity of the light conversion back signal of telecommunication, even noise can flood the light conversion back signal of telecommunication under the situation of worst, so the problems referred to above are more obvious in the half-light situation.
Though the power supply of general pel array all is independently-powered, can reduce power supply like this owing to tens millivolts the noise that the influence that receives peripheral circuit produces, noise is dropped to below tens millivolts; Even but also be difficult to avoid the noise of power supply itself in this case, even, also be a very big loss of signal because tens millivolts noise fluctuations pair is compared with tens millivolts signal under the half-light.Therefore described noise problem be people relatively pay close attention to major issue to be solved arranged.
Inventor therefore of the present invention provides a kind of imageing sensor through research, comprising:
Pel array, each row of said pel array comprises standard pixel unit and dark pixel unit;
The noise Acquisition Circuit is used to utilize the dark pixel unit at the first time and the power supply signal of gathering for the second time that is superimposed with power supply noise, and it is poor to obtain power supply noise;
The pixel cell signal output apparatus; Be used for changing the back signal of telecommunication at the power supply signal of gathering for the first time that is superimposed with power supply noise with at the light of gathering for the second time that is superimposed with power supply noise, power supply signal according to the standard pixel unit; Obtain being superimposed with the light conversion back signal of telecommunication of power supply noise difference; Gather the first time of said dark pixel unit and said standard pixel unit to gathering simultaneously, gather the second time of said dark pixel unit and said standard pixel unit to gathering simultaneously;
Noise removing circuit, it is poor to be used for removing said power supply noise from the said light conversion back signal of telecommunication that is superimposed with the power supply noise difference.
Accordingly, a kind of method of removal of images sensor electrical source noise is provided also, has comprised step:
Pel array is set, and each row of said pel array comprises standard pixel unit and dark pixel unit;
Utilize the dark pixel unit at the first time and the power supply signal of gathering for the second time that is superimposed with power supply noise, it is poor to obtain power supply noise;
Change the back signal of telecommunication according to the standard pixel unit at the power supply signal of gathering for the first time that is superimposed with power supply noise with at the light of gathering for the second time that is superimposed with power supply noise, power supply signal; Obtain being superimposed with the light conversion back signal of telecommunication of power supply noise difference; Gather the first time of said dark pixel unit and said standard pixel unit to gathering simultaneously, gather the second time of said dark pixel unit and said standard pixel unit to gathering simultaneously;
It is poor after the said light that is superimposed with the power supply noise difference is changed, to remove said power supply noise the signal of telecommunication.
The imageing sensor of prior art is only identical with the moment noise of sampling for the second time in sampling for the first time; Could eliminate; But because noise is changing always; Some public noises when therefore existing imageing sensor all only can be eliminated sampling for the first time and sample for the second time, and can not thoroughly solve noise problem.Power supply noise when the present invention gathers for the first time and gathers for the second time through the collection of dark pixel unit is set in imageing sensor; And the power supply noise that utilizes the noise Acquisition Circuit to obtain to gather for the first time when gathering for the second time is poor; And when the dark pixel unit is gathered the standard pixel unit also to twice of light signal collection; And utilize the pixel cell signal output apparatus to obtain to be superimposed with the light conversion back signal of telecommunication of power supply noise difference, then the power supply noise difference that said noise Acquisition Circuit collects is removed from the light conversion back signal of telecommunication that is superimposed with the power supply noise difference that said standard pixel collects.Therefore compare the method for imageing sensor of the present invention and removal of images sensor noise with prior art, improved the accuracy of the light conversion back signal of telecommunication of imageing sensor output greatly.
For make above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, feature and advantage can be more obviously understandable, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing concrete implementation of the present invention done detailed explanation.The present invention utilizes sketch map to be described in detail, and when the embodiment of the invention was detailed, for ease of explanation, the profile of expression device architecture can be disobeyed general ratio and done local the amplification.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of imageing sensor of the present invention; As shown in Figure 2; Imageing sensor of the present invention comprises: pel array 110, noise Acquisition Circuit 112, pixel cell signal output apparatus 114 and noise removing circuit 116; In addition can also comprise analog signal processing circuit and digital signal processing circuit (for the succinct analog signal processing circuit and the digital signal processing circuit of application documents all not shown, unspecified).In imageing sensor shown in Figure 2, said pel array 110 comprises the standard pixel unit 1101 of arrayed and the dark pixel unit 1102 of not daylighting (promptly not receiving external light), and said 110 work periods of pel array are divided into charge cycle and integration period.Said standard pixel unit 1101 is used to gather the light conversion back signal of telecommunication, and it comprises gathers for the first time and gather for the second time, and gather the said first time is at charge cycle, and gathering for the second time is at integration period.Said standard pixel unit 1101 is gathered the power supply noise that is superimposed with power supply signal for the first time, gathers the light conversion back signal of telecommunication that is superimposed with power supply signal and power supply noise for the second time.Said dark pixel unit 1102 is used to gather the power supply signal that is superimposed with power supply noise, and it also comprises collection for the first time and gathers for the second time equally, and gather the said first time is at charge cycle, and gather the second time is at integration period.The structure of said standard pixel unit 1101 can be pixel cell structure well known to those skilled in the art.Each row of pel array can comprise one or more dark pixel unit; The power supply noise that the dark pixel element number of each row is gathered more at most is accurate more after asking on average; But the area that the dark pixel element number takies more is big more; Therefore preferred, each row of said pel array comprises 4 to 8 said dark pixel unit.In imageing sensor shown in Figure 2, only each the capable situation with 2 dark pixel unit to pel array is illustrated.Because the power supply noise that each dark pixel unit is gathered is through 112 outputs of noise Acquisition Circuit; In the imageing sensor shown in Figure 2; Preferred is two row with said 2 dark pixel unit cell arrangement; Can same row dark pixel unit be connected to same noise Acquisition Circuit 112 like this, therefore simplify circuit structure.
Said dark pixel unit 1102 does not receive external light; Directly output is superimposed with the power supply signal of power supply noise; Therefore can gather the power supply signal that is superimposed with power supply noise for twice, for the first time at charge cycle, for the second time at integration period; Because power supply noise can change, therefore the result of twice output is different.Said noise Acquisition Circuit 112 can utilize power supply signal that is superimposed with power supply noise of dark pixel unit 1102 (at integration period) collection for the second time and the power supply signal that is superimposed with power supply noise of (promptly at charge cycle) collection for the first time to ask poor; The power supply noise that obtains pixel cell 1100 is poor, and said power supply noise difference is meant the difference of the power supply noise the when power supply noise when sampling was for the second time sampled with the first time.
Because standard pixel unit 1101 carries out double sampling simultaneously with dark pixel unit 1102, promptly for the first time at charge cycle, for the second time at integration period.Behind charge cycle, standard pixel unit 1101 directly output is superimposed with the power supply signals of the power supply noise of sampling instant for the first time, and behind integration period, directly output is superimposed with the signal of telecommunication after the light conversion of sampling instant power supply noise and power supply signal for the second time.Said pixel cell signal output apparatus 114 utilizes standard pixel unit 1101 asking poor with the light conversion back signal of telecommunication of sampling for the second time for the first time, just obtains being superimposed with the light conversion back signal of telecommunication of power supply noise difference.
By on can know; It is poor that said noise Acquisition Circuit 112 can obtain said power supply noise; Said pixel cell signal output apparatus 114 can obtain the said light conversion back signal of telecommunication that is superimposed with the power supply noise difference; Therefore it is poor that noise removing circuit 116 can utilize the power supply noise of said noise Acquisition Circuit 112 acquisitions; Power supply noise difference in the light conversion back signal of telecommunication that is superimposed with the power supply noise difference that said pixel cell signal output apparatus 114 is obtained is removed, and it is poor for example to deduct the power supply noise that said noise Acquisition Circuit 112 exports with the light conversion back signal of telecommunication that is superimposed with the power supply noise difference of said pixel cell signal output apparatus 114 outputs.
Below in conjunction with Fig. 3 to Fig. 6, imageing sensor one preferred embodiment of the present invention is elaborated.Fig. 3 is the circuit diagram of dark pixel unit one embodiment in the imageing sensor shown in Figure 2; Fig. 4 is the circuit diagram of standard pixel cell one embodiment in the imageing sensor shown in Figure 2; Fig. 5 is the signal of noise Acquisition Circuit one embodiment in the imageing sensor shown in Figure 2; Fig. 6 is the circuit diagram of pixel cell signal output apparatus in the imageing sensor shown in Figure 2.
Identical, concrete in the structure of imageing sensor and the foregoing description in the present embodiment, comprise pel array 110, noise Acquisition Circuit 112, pixel cell signal output apparatus 114 and noise removing circuit 116.
As shown in Figure 3; Said standard pixel unit 1101 comprises: NMOS pipe T21, the 2nd NMOS pipe T22, the 3rd NMOS pipe T23, the 4th NMOS pipe T24 and light sensitive diode PD2; The positive electrical of said light sensitive diode PD2 connects ground, and negative electricity connects the source electrode of said NMOS pipe T21, and the grid of said NMOS pipe T21 receives transmission signals TX; The drain electrode of said NMOS pipe T21 is electrically connected the source electrode of the 2nd NMOS pipe T22; The drain electrode of said the 2nd NMOS pipe T22 receives power supply signal VDD, and the grid of said the 2nd NMOS pipe T22 receives reset signal RST, and the drain electrode of said the 3rd NMOS pipe T23 receives power supply signal VDD; The grid of said the 3rd NMOS pipe T23 is electrically connected the drain electrode of said NMOS pipe T21; The source electrode of said the 3rd NMOS pipe T23 is electrically connected the source electrode of the 4th NMOS pipe T24, and the grid of said the 4th NMOS pipe T24 receives gating signal SEL, and said the 4th NMOS pipe T24 drain electrode is as output OUT2.
At charge cycle, the standard pixel unit is carried out the sampling first time, what exported the sampling back for the first time is the power supply signal that is superimposed with the power supply noise of sampling instant for the first time.At integration period, the standard pixel unit is carried out the sampling second time, what exported the sampling back for the second time is the light signal that is superimposed with the noise of sampling instant for the second time, power supply signal.
For example in concrete a realization, as shown in Figure 4, said dark pixel unit 1102 comprises: NMOS pipe T11, the 2nd NMOS pipe T12, the 3rd NMOS pipe T13, the 4th NMOS pipe T14 and light sensitive diode PD1; The positive electrical of said light sensitive diode PD1 connects ground; Negative electricity connects the source electrode of said NMOS pipe T11, the grid electric connection of power supply signal VDD of said NMOS pipe T12, and the drain electrode of said NMOS pipe T11 is electrically connected the source electrode of the 2nd NMOS pipe T12; The drain and gate input power supply signal VDD of said the 2nd NMOS pipe T12; The drain electrode input power supply signal VDD of said the 3rd NMOS pipe T13, the grid of said the 3rd NMOS pipe T13 is electrically connected the drain electrode of said NMOS pipe T11, and the source electrode of said the 3rd NMOS pipe T13 is electrically connected the source electrode of the 4th NMOS pipe T14; The grid input gating signal SEL of said the 4th NMOS pipe T14; Said the 4th NMOS drain electrode is output OUT1, and on said light sensitive diode PD1, is coated with light non-transmittable layers at least, for example metal level.
At integration period and charge cycle, the grid input power supply signal VDD of a NMOS of said dark pixel unit 1102 pipe T11, the grid input power supply signal VDD of said the 2nd NMOS pipe T12; Therefore NMOS pipe T11 and the 2nd NMOS pipe T12 conducting all the time be coated with light non-transmittable layers on the said light sensitive diode PD1, so the reverse current of light sensitive diode PD1 are very little; Thereby NMOS pipe T11 source voltage approaches high level VDD; The 3rd NMOS pipe T13 conducting, as gating signal SEL when being high, then the 4th NMOS pipe T14 conducting; Thereby behind integration period and charge cycle, the power supply signal of the power supply noise that superposeed can be exported in the dark pixel unit.
In addition, said standard pixel unit and dark pixel unit further are other structures, for example comprise the structure of 3 metal-oxide-semiconductors or 5 metal-oxide-semiconductors.
As shown in Figure 5, said noise Acquisition Circuit 112 comprises: one or more sampling unit 1123, AD conversion unit (ADC) 1122 and processing unit 1124.Wherein, The quantity of said sampling unit is identical with the quantity of dark pixel unit in each of pel array row; The input of each sampling unit 1123 is electrically connected on the output of a dark pixel unit, and in the preferred version for example shown in Figure 5, said dark pixel unit cell arrangement is two row; Have two sampling units 1123, the input of each sampling unit 1123 is electrically connected on the output OUT1 of a row dark pixel unit.One of them sampling unit 1123 comprises the output that is connected electrically in said dark pixel unit and first switch 5 between the first node a; Be connected electrically in the output of said dark pixel unit and the second switch 6 between the Section Point b; Be connected electrically in first electric capacity 12 between first node a and the ground and be connected electrically in second electric capacity 13 between Section Point b and the ground; Be connected electrically in the 3rd switch 1 of first node a and differential amplifier 1124 positive inputs, be connected electrically in the 4th switch 2 of Section Point b and differential amplifier 1124 reverse input ends.
Said processing unit 1124; Be used for the power supply signal of gathering for the first time with the dark pixel unit of delegation that is superimposed with power supply noise is asked average; The power supply signal of gathering for the second time with the dark pixel unit of delegation that is superimposed with power supply noise is asked average; And the power supply signal that is superimposed with power supply noise with said secondary after average as a reference signal the said primary power supply signal that is superimposed with power supply noise after average carried out difference amplify; It is poor to obtain power supply noise, and said processing unit is differential-input differential output.
Preferably, said processing unit comprises: differential amplifier 1125 is parallel with the 5th switch 8 and the 3rd electric capacity 14 between the positive input of differential amplifier 1125 and inverse output terminal; Between the reverse input end of differential amplifier and forward output, be parallel with the 6th switch 9 and the 4th electric capacity 15.It is that the power supply noise of differential amplifier output is poor that the forward output of differential amplifier 1125 deducts inverse output terminal.
Said AD conversion unit (ADC) 1122, being used for power supply noise difference with the analog form of the difference of processing unit output, to be converted into the power supply noise of digital form poor.Said AD conversion unit (ADC) 1122 is the difference AD conversion unit, and therefore said difference AD conversion unit circuit well known to those skilled in the art repeats no more.
The operation principle of above-mentioned noise Acquisition Circuit is specific as follows:
After gathering the power supply signal that is superimposed with power supply noise for the first time when the dark pixel unit; Closed second switch 6 and the 5th switch 8; Thereby the power supply signal of gathering the first time of first row dark pixel unit output that is superimposed with power supply noise gives second electric capacity 13 chargings, and the power supply signal of gathering the first time of secondary series dark pixel unit output that is superimposed with power supply noise gives electric capacity 11 chargings.Follow closed first switch 5 and switch 7; Thereby the power supply signal that is superimposed with power supply noise that the first row dark pixel unit is exported for the second time gives first electric capacity 12 chargings, and the power supply signal that is superimposed with power supply noise that secondary series dark pixel unit is exported for the second time gives first electric capacity 10 chargings.Connecting the 5th switch 11 and the 6th switch 9 then makes differential amplifier 1124 get into sampling configuration.Open the 5th switch 11 10 and the 6th switch 9 then; Closed the 3rd switch 1; The 4th switch 2, the three switches 3, the four switches 4 make the electric charge on first electric capacity 12 in all sampling units transfer on the 3rd electric capacity 14; Realization asks average to the primary power supply signal that is superimposed with power supply noise on first electric capacity 12 of the electric capacity in all sampling units and first electric capacity 10; Just let the electric charge on first electric capacity 12 and first electric capacity 10 neutralize, the electric charge after the neutralization is transferred on the 3rd electric capacity 14, simultaneously; Make second electric capacity 13 and the electric charge on second electric capacity 11 in all sampling units 1123 transfer on the 4th electric capacity 15; Realization is asked on average second electric capacity 13 in all sampling units 1123 and the power supply signal that is superimposed with power supply noise the second time on second electric capacity 11, just lets the electric charge on second electric capacity 13 and second electric capacity 11 neutralize, and the electric charge after the neutralization is transferred on the 4th electric capacity 15.Then export the power supply noise difference signal of digital form after the AD conversion unit 1122 of the signal of differential amplifier 1125 forward outputs and inverse output terminal output through difference; Promptly the power supply signal that is superimposed with power supply noise of collection deducts the power supply signal of gathering for the first time that is superimposed with power supply noise for the second time, obtains power supply noise poor (difference of the power supply noise the when power supply noise when promptly sampling was for the second time sampled with the first time).
As shown in Figure 6; Said pixel cell signal output apparatus comprises: double sampling circuit 1141; Each row standard pixel unit is electrically connected with a double sampling circuit 1141; Be used to obtain the light conversion back signal of telecommunication that is superimposed with power supply noise, power supply signal of the power supply signal that is superimposed with power supply noise of standard pixel unit collection for the first time and standard pixel unit collection for the second time, and the light conversion back signal of telecommunication that is superimposed with said power supply noise difference of the analog form of output difference.
Said pixel cell signal output apparatus also comprises AD conversion unit (ADC) 1142, and being used for the light conversion back electrical signal conversion of said double sampling circuit output is the light conversion back signal of telecommunication of digital form.Said AD conversion unit 1142 can be identical with the analog to digital conversion circuit 1122 in the noise Acquisition Circuit, repeats no more.
Concrete; Said double sampling circuit 1141 comprises: sampling unit 1143 and differential amplifier 1144; Sampling unit 1143 is used to obtain the power supply signal that is superimposed with power supply noise of standard pixel unit collection for the first time and changes the back signal of telecommunication with the light that is superimposed with power supply noise, power supply signal of standard pixel unit collection for the second time.Differential amplifier 1144, be used for the primary power supply signal that is superimposed with power supply noise as a reference signal secondary light conversion back signal of telecommunication that is superimposed with power supply noise, power supply signal carried out difference amplify.Said differential amplifier is differential-input differential output.Between the positive input of differential amplifier and inverse output terminal, be parallel with the 5th switch and the 3rd electric capacity; Between the reverse input end of differential amplifier and forward output, be parallel with the 6th switch and the 4th electric capacity.The input of said sampling unit 1143 is electrically connected to the output of a row standard pixel unit, and the output of said sampling unit 1143 is electrically connected to the input of differential amplifier 1144.Difference AD conversion unit 1144 is a circuit well known to those skilled in the art, therefore repeats no more.Said sampling unit 1143 can be identical with sampling unit 1123 structures in the noise Acquisition Circuit, therefore repeats no more.Said double sampling circuit 1141 structures are prior art, and its operation principle is a techniques well known, therefore repeat no more.
In addition, preferred, said imageing sensor also comprises memory 113 and 115, and Fig. 6 a is the image sensor architecture sketch map of another preferred embodiment.Concrete, shown in Fig. 6 a, between noise Acquisition Circuit 112 and noise removing circuit 116, be electrically connected with said memory 113.It is poor that said memory 113 is used for the storage power noise, and said power supply noise difference is sent to said noise removing circuit 116; Be electrically connected with memory 115 between said pixel cell signal output apparatus and the said noise removing circuit; Be used to store the light conversion back signal of telecommunication that is superimposed with the power supply noise difference, and the light conversion back signal of telecommunication that will be superimposed with said power supply noise difference sends to said noise removing circuit 116.Said storage means is that therefore method well known to those skilled in the art repeats no more.Said power supply noise is removed circuit 116 and can be utilized those skilled in the art's well-known way to realize, for example can be subtracter, and it is poor that the input input of subtracter is superimposed with the light conversion back signal of telecommunication and the power supply noise of power supply noise difference, the output light conversion back signal of telecommunication.
The present invention also provides a kind of method of removal of images sensor electrical source noise in addition, and Fig. 7 is the method flow diagram of removal of images sensor electrical source noise.
With reference to figure 7, the method for removal of images sensor electrical source noise of the present invention comprises step:
S10 is provided with pel array, and each row of said pel array comprises the dark pixel unit of standard pixel unit and not daylighting.
S20 utilizes the dark pixel unit at the first time and the power supply signal of gathering for the second time that is superimposed with power supply noise, and it is poor to obtain power supply noise.
S30; Change the back signal of telecommunication according to the standard pixel unit at the power supply signal of gathering for the first time that is superimposed with power supply noise with at the light of gathering for the second time that is superimposed with power supply noise, power supply signal; Obtain being superimposed with the light conversion back signal of telecommunication of power supply noise difference; Gather the first time of said dark pixel unit and said standard pixel unit to gathering simultaneously, gather the second time of said dark pixel unit and said standard pixel unit to gathering simultaneously.
S40, it is poor after the said light that is superimposed with the power supply noise difference is changed, to remove said power supply noise the signal of telecommunication.
Preferably, the said step that obtains the power supply noise of pixel cell comprises:
Preferably; After the said step that obtains the power supply noise difference step and the light conversion back signal of telecommunication that obtains being superimposed with the power supply noise difference, also comprise step before from the said light conversion back signal of telecommunication that is superimposed with the power supply noise difference, removing said power supply noise difference step: store the said power supply noise difference and the light conversion back signal of telecommunication that is superimposed with the power supply noise difference.
Fig. 8 is the working timing figure of said imageing sensor.Below in conjunction with Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 the operation principle of imageing sensor of the present invention is described.
In the explanation, can utilize reference signal SHR control second switch 6 and the 5th switch 8 below, utilize reference signal SHS to control first switch 5 and first switch 7.
At first execution in step S10 is provided with pel array as shown in Figure 2, and wherein each row has 2 dark pixel unit 1102, and is distributed in first and is listed as to secondary series.Wherein the first input end of noise collecting unit, second input are electrically connected the output of the first row dark pixel unit successively, the output of secondary series dark pixel unit.
Follow execution in step S20; Concrete, as shown in Figure 8, gating signal SEL puts height; The 4th NMOS pipe T14 of said dark pixel unit opens; Thereby the dark pixel unit is exported the power supply signal that is superimposed with power supply noise all the time, promptly can carry out collection for the first time and be superimposed with the power supply signal of power supply noise and gather the power supply signal that is superimposed with power supply noise for the second time, but the power supply noise that superposes in the power supply signal of gathering the first time and the second time is different.
Then put height at first moment (promptly behind charge cycle) reference signal SHR; Thereby make second switch 6 and the 5th switch 8 closures; Thereby the power supply signal of gathering the first time of first row dark pixel unit output that is superimposed with power supply noise is to 13 chargings of second electric capacity, and second electric capacity 11 of giving that is superimposed with power supply noise that gather the first time of secondary series dark pixel unit output charges.
Then put height at second moment (promptly behind integration period) reference signal SHS; Thereby make win switch 5 and first switch, 7 closures; Thereby the power supply signal of gathering the second time of first row dark pixel unit output that is superimposed with power supply noise gives first electric capacity 12 chargings, and the power supply signal of gathering the second time of secondary series dark pixel unit output that is superimposed with power supply noise gives first electric capacity 10 chargings.Connecting the 5th switch 11 and the 6th switch 9 then makes differential amplifier get into sampling configuration.Open the 5th switch 11 and the 6th switch 9 then; Closed the 3rd switch 1; The 4th switch 2, the three switches 3, the four switches 4 make the electric charge on first electric capacity 12 in all sampling units transfer on the 3rd electric capacity 14; Realization asks average to the power supply signal of the sampling first time on first electric capacity 12 in all sampling units; Simultaneously, make that the electric charge on first electric capacity 12 in all sampling units is transferred on the 4th electric capacity 15, realize the power supply signal that is superimposed with power supply noise of the sampling second time on second electric capacity 13 in all sampling units is asked average.
Then export the power supply noise signal of digital form after the AD conversion unit 1122 of the signal of differential amplifier 1125 forward outputs and inverse output terminal output through difference; The power supply signal of promptly gathering for the second time that is superimposed with power supply noise deducts the power supply signal of gathering for the first time that is superimposed with power supply noise, and it is poor to obtain power supply noise.
After this step, also comprise the power supply noise difference is stored.
Execution in step S30 in step S20, RST puts height, carries out the first time and gathers, and 1101 outputs of standard pixel unit are superimposed with the power supply signal of power supply noise.Then; TX puts height; Standard pixel unit 1101 is gathered the light conversion back signal of telecommunication that is superimposed with power supply noise and power supply signal for the second time; Export the light conversion back signal of telecommunication of a standard pixel unit 1101 though adopted the double sampling circuit in the present embodiment; Just utilize the light conversion back signal of telecommunication of gathering for the second time that is superimposed with power supply noise and power supply signal to deduct the power supply signal of gathering for the first time that is superimposed with power supply noise, can eliminate so for the second time and some for the first time identical noises, but can not remove sampling for the second time and the different power supply noise of sampling the first time (promptly the second time and primary power supply noise is poor).Therefore still comprise the power supply noise difference at second time of this step output and the primary light conversion back signal of telecommunication.Can be after this step with the light conversion back signal of telecommunication storage that comprises the power supply noise difference.
Follow execution in step S40; Utilize and remove the noise circuit; The power supply noise that removal comprises in the light conversion back signal of telecommunication of noise is poor, for example concrete, utilizes the power supply noise difference as subtrahend; The light signal that comprises power supply noise is as minuend, thereby the power supply noise difference in the signal of telecommunication cuts after can the light that comprise power supply noise being changed.The said method that subtracts is well known to those skilled in the art, and therefore repeats no more.
The imageing sensor of prior art is only identical with the moment noise of sampling for the second time in sampling for the first time; Could eliminate; But because noise is changing always; Some public noises when therefore existing imageing sensor all only can be eliminated sampling for the first time and sample for the second time, and can not thoroughly solve noise problem.
Power supply noise when the present invention gathers for the first time and gathers for the second time through the collection of dark pixel unit is set in imageing sensor; And the power supply noise that utilizes the noise Acquisition Circuit to obtain to gather for the first time when gathering for the second time is poor; And when the dark pixel unit is gathered the standard pixel unit also to twice of light signal collection; And utilize the pixel cell signal output apparatus to obtain to be superimposed with the light conversion back signal of telecommunication of power supply noise difference, then the power supply noise difference that said noise Acquisition Circuit collects is removed from the light conversion back signal of telecommunication that is superimposed with the power supply noise difference that said standard pixel collects.Therefore compare with prior art, the method for imageing sensor of the present invention and removal of images sensor electrical source noise has improved the accuracy of the light conversion back signal of telecommunication of imageing sensor output greatly, thereby has improved the accuracy of imageing sensor.
The above only is preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not the present invention is done any pro forma restriction.Any those of ordinary skill in the art; Do not breaking away under the technical scheme scope situation of the present invention; All the method for above-mentioned announcement capable of using and technology contents are made many possible changes and modification to technical scheme of the present invention, or are revised as the equivalent embodiment of equivalent variations.Therefore, every content that does not break away from technical scheme of the present invention, all still belongs in the scope of technical scheme protection of the present invention any simple modification, equivalent variations and modification that above embodiment did according to technical spirit of the present invention.
Claims (13)
1. an imageing sensor is characterized in that, comprising:
Pel array, each row of said pel array comprises standard pixel unit and dark pixel unit;
The noise Acquisition Circuit is used to utilize the dark pixel unit at the first time and the power supply signal of gathering for the second time that is superimposed with power supply noise, and it is poor to obtain power supply noise;
The pixel cell signal output apparatus; Be used for changing the back signal of telecommunication at the power supply signal of gathering for the first time that is superimposed with power supply noise with at the light of gathering for the second time that is superimposed with power supply noise, power supply signal according to the standard pixel unit; Obtain being superimposed with the light conversion back signal of telecommunication of power supply noise difference; Gather the first time of said dark pixel unit and said standard pixel unit to gathering simultaneously, gather the second time of said dark pixel unit and said standard pixel unit to gathering simultaneously;
Noise removing circuit, it is poor to be used for removing said power supply noise from the said light conversion back signal of telecommunication that is superimposed with the power supply noise difference.
2. imageing sensor according to claim 1 is characterized in that, each row of said pel array comprises 4 to 8 said dark pixel unit.
3. imageing sensor according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said dark pixel unit comprises structure and the light non-transmittable layers identical with the standard pixel unit, and said light non-transmittable layers covers the structure identical with the standard pixel unit.
4. imageing sensor according to claim 3 is characterized in that, said dark pixel unit comprises light sensitive diode, on said light sensitive diode, is coated with light non-transmittable layers.
5. imageing sensor according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said dark pixel unit also comprises: NMOS pipe, the 2nd NMOS pipe, the 3rd NMOS pipe, the 4th NMOS pipe and light sensitive diode; The positive electrical of said light sensitive diode connects ground; Negative electricity connects the source electrode of said NMOS pipe, the grid input power supply signal of said NMOS pipe, and the drain electrode of said NMOS pipe is electrically connected the source electrode of the 2nd NMOS pipe; The drain and gate input power supply signal of said the 2nd NMOS pipe; The drain electrode input power supply signal of said the 3rd NMOS pipe, the grid of said the 3rd NMOS pipe is electrically connected the drain electrode of said NMOS pipe, and the source electrode of said the 3rd NMOS pipe is electrically connected the source electrode of the 4th NMOS pipe; The grid input gating signal of said the 4th NMOS, said the 4th NMOS drain electrode is output.
6. imageing sensor according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
The said dark pixel unit cell arrangement of each row is in identical row in the said pel array;
Said noise Acquisition Circuit comprises:
Sampling unit is used to obtain for the first time and the power supply signal that is superimposed with power supply noise of each row dark pixel unit collection for the second time;
Processing unit; Be used for the power supply signal of gathering for the first time with the dark pixel unit of delegation that is superimposed with power supply noise is asked average; The power supply signal of gathering for the second time with the dark pixel unit of delegation that is superimposed with power supply noise is asked average; And the power supply signal that is superimposed with power supply noise with said secondary after average as a reference signal the said primary power supply signal that is superimposed with power supply noise after average carried out difference amplify, it is poor to obtain power supply noise;
AD conversion unit, being used for power supply noise difference with the analog form of the difference of processing unit output, to be converted into the power supply noise of digital form poor.
7. imageing sensor according to claim 6; It is characterized in that; Said processing unit comprises: the differential amplifier of differential-input differential output form, and at the 6th switch and the 4th electric capacity of the 5th switch of parallel connection between the positive input of said differential amplifier and the inverse output terminal and the 3rd electric capacity and parallel connection between the reverse input end of differential amplifier and forward output.
8. imageing sensor according to claim 6 is characterized in that, said sampling unit comprises:
Be connected electrically in the output of said dark pixel unit and first switch between the first node; Be connected electrically in the output of said dark pixel unit and the second switch between the Section Point; Be connected electrically in first electric capacity between first node and the ground and be connected electrically in Section Point and ground between second electric capacity; Be connected electrically in the 3rd switch of first node and differential amplifier positive input, be connected electrically in the 4th switch of Section Point and differential amplifier reverse input end.
9. imageing sensor according to claim 6 is characterized in that, said pixel cell signal output apparatus comprises:
Secondary sampling unit; Be used to obtain the light conversion back signal of telecommunication that is superimposed with power supply noise, power supply signal of the power supply signal that is superimposed with power supply noise of standard pixel unit collection for the first time and standard pixel unit collection for the second time, and the light conversion back signal of telecommunication that is superimposed with said power supply noise difference of the analog form of output difference;
AD conversion unit, the light conversion back electrical signal conversion that is used for the analog form of said double sampling circuit output is the light conversion back signal of telecommunication of digital form.
10. imageing sensor according to claim 9 is characterized in that, said double sampling circuit comprises:
Sampling unit is used to obtain the power supply signal that is superimposed with power supply noise of standard pixel unit collection for the first time and changes the back signal of telecommunication with the light that is superimposed with power supply noise, power supply signal of standard pixel unit collection for the second time;
Differential amplifier; Be used for the primary power supply signal that is superimposed with power supply noise as a reference signal secondary light conversion back signal of telecommunication that is superimposed with power supply noise, power supply signal carried out difference amplify; Said differential amplifier is differential-input differential output, between the positive input of differential amplifier and inverse output terminal, is parallel with the 5th switch and the 3rd electric capacity; Between the reverse input end of differential amplifier and forward output, be parallel with the 6th switch and the 4th electric capacity.
11. imageing sensor according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Also comprise the memory that is connected electrically between said noise Acquisition Circuit and said noise removing circuit, it is poor to be used to store said power supply noise, and the power supply noise difference after will storing sends to said noise removing circuit;
Also comprise the memory that is connected electrically between said pixel cell signal output apparatus and the said noise removing circuit; Be used to store the light conversion back signal of telecommunication that is superimposed with the power supply noise difference, and the light conversion back signal of telecommunication that is superimposed with the power supply noise difference after will storing sends to said noise removing circuit.
12. the method for a removal of images sensor electrical source noise is characterized in that, comprises step:
Pel array is set, and each row of said pel array comprises standard pixel unit and dark pixel unit;
Utilize the dark pixel unit at the first time and the power supply signal of gathering for the second time that is superimposed with power supply noise, it is poor to obtain power supply noise;
Change the back signal of telecommunication according to the standard pixel unit at the power supply signal of gathering for the first time that is superimposed with power supply noise with at the light of gathering for the second time that is superimposed with power supply noise, power supply signal; Obtain being superimposed with the light conversion back signal of telecommunication of power supply noise difference; Gather the first time of said dark pixel unit and said standard pixel unit to gathering simultaneously, gather the second time of said dark pixel unit and said standard pixel unit to gathering simultaneously;
It is poor after the said light that is superimposed with the power supply noise difference is changed, to remove said power supply noise the signal of telecommunication.
13. the method for removal of images sensor electrical source noise according to claim 12; It is characterized in that; After the said step that obtains the power supply noise difference step and the light conversion back signal of telecommunication that obtains being superimposed with the power supply noise difference, from the said light conversion back signal of telecommunication that is superimposed with the power supply noise difference, remove and also comprise step before the said power supply noise difference step:
Store the said power supply noise difference and the light conversion back signal of telecommunication that is superimposed with the power supply noise difference.
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