CN102315989A - Method for detecting multi-section pseudowire (MS-PW) and equipment and system - Google Patents
Method for detecting multi-section pseudowire (MS-PW) and equipment and system Download PDFInfo
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- H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for detecting a multi-section pseudowire (MS-PW) and equipment and a system. In the embodiment of the invention, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UPE) equipment sends a PW detecting message in the MS-PW, wherein the PW detecting message contains a detecting label and a private network PW label, the detecting label contains a transistor-transistor logic TTL field, the initial value of the TTL field is set by the UPE equipment according to the number of the PW section to be tested in the MS-PW so that special purpose equipment (SPE) in the MS-PW determines that the detecting message conforms to the preset detecting trigger conditions according to the TTL value in the detecting message, and the MS-PW state is detected. The embodiment has the advantages that the specific number of routers at the public network side does not need to be obtained, and the problems that in the prior art, the operation is complicated and the operation time is long because the detailed arrangement of the routers at the public network is needed by the detecting operation of the MS-PW carried by the public network tunnel in the unified model can be avoided, so the detecting efficiency of the MS-PW is improved.
Description
Technical field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the communication technology, relates in particular to a kind of detection method and equipment, system to multi-segment pseudo-wires (English full name is Multi-Segment Pseudo-Wire, abbreviates MS-PW as).
Background technology
(English full name is Virtual Private LAN Service at VPLS; Abbreviate VPLS as) or VLL professional (English full name is Virtual Private Wire Service; Abbreviate VPWS as) networking in; Provider Edge (English full name is Provider Edge, the abbreviates PE as) equipment that directly connects the user is can (English full name is Switching PE through exchanging PE between the PE of lower floor (English full name is Underlayer PE, the abbreviates UPE as) equipment; Abbreviate SPE as) equipment; Set up multi-segment pseudo-wires (English full name is Pseudo Wire, abbreviates PW as) i.e. (English full name is Multi-Segment PW, abbreviates MS-PW as).
The MS-PW that carries for the public network tunnel of pipeline model (English full name is Pipe Model); Because the time-to-live in the PW label, (English full name was Time To Live; Abbreviating TTL as) value of field changes (promptly through one section PW according to the hop count of PW to be detected; The value of ttl field subtracts 1), so can MS-PW be detected according to the value of the ttl field in the PW label in the detection messages.
Yet; The MS-PW that carries for the public network tunnel of unified model (English full name is Uniform Model); Because the value of the ttl field in the PW label changes (promptly through a PE equipment, the value of ttl field subtracts 1) according to the PE equipment (for example: user-end provider edge, SPE equipment or other PE equipment) of MS-PW process, be the equipment number of the corresponding PE equipment of MS-PW so need know public network side information; Can MS-PW be detected according to the value of the ttl field in the PW label in the detection messages; Complicated operation, the time is long, thereby has caused the reduction of the detection efficiency of MS-PW.
Summary of the invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of method and apparatus, system that MS-PW is detected, in order to improve the detection efficiency of MS-PW.
On the one hand a kind of method that MS-PW is detected is provided, has comprised:
SPE equipment receives a PW detection messages, wherein, comprises a tags detected and a private network PW label in the said PW detection messages, comprises a ttl field in the said tags detected, and said tags detected is positioned at the internal layer of said private network PW label;
Said SPE equipment confirms that according to the value of said ttl field said PW detection messages meets preset detection trigger condition;
Said SPE equipment detects the state of said MS-PW according to said PW detection messages.
A kind of message processing method is provided on the other hand, has comprised:
SPE equipment receives a PW detection messages, wherein, comprises a tags detected and a private network PW label in the said PW detection messages, comprises a ttl field in the said tags detected, and said tags detected is positioned at the internal layer of said private network PW label;
Said SPE equipment confirms that according to the value of said ttl field said PW detection messages does not meet preset detection trigger condition;
Said SPE equipment is transmitted said PW detection messages along MS-PW, and the value of the ttl field in the PW detection messages of said forwarding is that step-length of value adjustment of the ttl field in the PW detection messages of said reception obtains.
A kind of method that MS-PW is detected is provided on the other hand, has comprised:
User-end provider edge sends a PW detection messages in said MS-PW; Wherein, Comprise a tags detected and a private network PW label in the said PW detection messages; Comprise a ttl field in the said tags detected, the initial value of said ttl field is by the quantity setting of said user-end provider edge according to the PW section to be detected among the said MS-PW, and said tags detected is positioned at the internal layer of said private network PW label.
SPE among a kind of MS-PW is provided equipment on the other hand, has comprised:
Receiving element is used to receive a PW detection messages, wherein, comprises a tags detected and a private network PW label in the said PW detection messages, comprises a ttl field in the said tags detected, and said tags detected is positioned at the internal layer of said private network PW label;
Confirm the unit, be used for value, confirm that said PW detection messages meets preset detection trigger condition according to said ttl field;
Detecting unit is used for detecting the state of said MS-PW according to said PW detection messages.
SPE among a kind of MS-PW is provided equipment on the other hand, has comprised:
Receiving element is used to receive a PW detection messages, wherein, comprises a tags detected and a private network PW label in the said PW detection messages, comprises a ttl field in the said tags detected, and said tags detected is positioned at the internal layer of said private network PW label;
Confirm the unit, be used for value, confirm that said PW detection messages does not meet preset detection trigger condition according to said ttl field;
Retransmission unit is used for along said MS-PW transmitting said PW detection messages, and the value of the ttl field in the PW detection messages of said forwarding is that step-length of value adjustment of the ttl field in the PW detection messages of said reception obtains.
User-end provider edge among a kind of MS-PW is provided on the other hand, has comprised:
Transmitting element; Be used for sending a PW detection messages at said MS-PW; Wherein, comprise a tags detected and a private network PW label in the said PW detection messages, comprise a ttl field in the said tags detected; The initial value of said ttl field is by the quantity setting of said user-end provider edge according to the PW section to be detected among the said MS-PW, and said tags detected is positioned at the internal layer of said private network PW label.
The system of a kind of MS-PW of comprising is provided on the other hand, has comprised above-mentioned U PE equipment, also comprised SPE equipment, wherein,
Said SPE equipment receives said PW detection messages;
Said SPE equipment confirms that according to the value of said ttl field said PW detection messages meets preset detection trigger condition;
Said SPE equipment detects the state of said MS-PW according to said PW detection messages.
The system of a kind of MS-PW of comprising is provided on the other hand, has comprised above-mentioned U PE equipment, also comprised SPE equipment, wherein,
A SPE equipment among the said MP-PW receives said PW detection messages;
Said SPE equipment confirms that according to the value of said ttl field said PW detection messages does not meet preset detection trigger condition;
Said SPE equipment is transmitted said PW detection messages along said MS-PW, and the value of the ttl field in the PW detection messages of said forwarding is that step-length of value adjustment of the ttl field in the PW detection messages of said reception obtains.
Can know by technique scheme; User-end provider edge sends a PW detection messages in a MS-PW; Wherein, Comprise a tags detected and a private network PW label in the said PW detection messages, comprise a ttl field in the said tags detected, the initial value of said ttl field is by the quantity setting of said user-end provider edge according to the PW section to be detected among the said MS-PW; Make that SPE equipment can confirm that said detection messages meets preset detection trigger condition according to the value of TTL in the said detection messages among the MS-PW, and detect the state of MS-PW.Present embodiment need not know how many routers are the public network side specifically have; The detecting operation that can avoid the MS-PW that the public network tunnel of unified model in the prior art carries is known the problem that complicated operation that the detailed deployment scenario of public network side router causes and time are grown because of needs, thereby has improved the detection efficiency of MS-PW.
Description of drawings
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the invention or technical scheme of the prior art; To do one to the accompanying drawing of required use in embodiment or the description of the Prior Art below introduces simply; Obviously, the accompanying drawing in describing below is some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skills; Under the prerequisite of not paying creative work, can also obtain other accompanying drawing according to these accompanying drawings.
The schematic flow sheet of the method that MS-PW is detected that Fig. 1 provides for one embodiment of the invention;
The schematic flow sheet of the message processing method that Fig. 2 provides for another embodiment of the present invention;
The schematic flow sheet of the method that MS-PW is detected that Fig. 3 provides for another embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the corresponding scene sketch map that embodiment was suitable for of Fig. 1, Fig. 2 or Fig. 3;
The structural representation of the SPE equipment among the MS-PW that Fig. 5 provides for another embodiment of the present invention;
The structural representation of the SPE equipment among the MS-PW that Fig. 6 provides for another embodiment of the present invention;
The structural representation of the user-end provider edge among the MS-PW that Fig. 7 provides for another embodiment of the present invention;
The structural representation of the user-end provider edge among the MS-PW that Fig. 8 provides for another embodiment of the present invention;
The structural representation of the user-end provider edge among the MS-PW that Fig. 9 provides for another embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 10 A is the structural representation of the user-end provider edge among the MS-PW that provides of another embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 10 B is the structural representation of the user-end provider edge among the MS-PW that provides of another embodiment of the present invention;
The structural representation of the system that comprises MS-PW that Figure 11 provides for another embodiment of the present invention;
The structural representation of the system that comprises MS-PW that Figure 12 provides for another embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
For the purpose, technical scheme and the advantage that make the embodiment of the invention clearer; To combine the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the invention below; Technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is carried out clear, intactly description; Obviously, described embodiment is the present invention's part embodiment, rather than whole embodiment.Based on the embodiment among the present invention, those of ordinary skills are not making the every other embodiment that is obtained under the creative work prerequisite, all belong to the scope of the present invention's protection.
The schematic flow sheet of the method that MS-PW is detected that Fig. 1 provides for one embodiment of the invention, as shown in Figure 1, the method that MS-PW is detected of present embodiment can comprise following content.
101, SPE equipment receives a PW detection messages, wherein, comprises a tags detected and a private network PW label in the above-mentioned PW detection messages, comprises a ttl field in the above-mentioned PW tags detected, and above-mentioned PW tags detected is positioned at the internal layer of above-mentioned private network PW label.
Alternatively; The initial value of above-mentioned ttl field is by generating the quantity setting of the user-end provider edge of above-mentioned PW detection messages according to the PW section to be detected among the above-mentioned MS-PW among the above-mentioned MS-PW; For example: the initial value of ttl field can be set to the quantity of above-mentioned PW section to be detected, and perhaps the initial value of the ttl field quantity that can also be set to above-mentioned PW section to be detected adds N, wherein; N be positive integer (for example: 1,2,3 ...), present embodiment does not limit this.
It is understandable that: the PW detection messages in the present embodiment through MS-PW by way of each equipment the time, the variation of the private network PW label that is comprised in this PW detection messages can be repeated no more referring to related content of the prior art here.
Alternatively, can also further comprise a public network label in the above-mentioned PW detection messages, for example: tunnel label etc., above-mentioned public network label is positioned at the skin of above-mentioned private network PW label.It is understandable that: the PW detection messages in the present embodiment through MS-PW by way of each equipment the time, the variation of the public network label that is comprised in this PW detection messages can be repeated no more referring to related content of the prior art here.
102, above-mentioned SPE equipment confirms that according to the value of above-mentioned ttl field above-mentioned PW detection messages meets preset detection trigger condition.
Particularly; The value of the ttl field in the PW tags detected can be according to the variation of the quantity of PW section to be detected (for example: through one section PW; The value of ttl field subtracts 1), make it possible to value according to the ttl field in the PW tags detected, confirm that above-mentioned PW detection messages meets preset detection trigger condition; Thereby the problem that detecting operation is complicated and the time is long of the MS-PW that the public network tunnel that can avoid unified model in the prior art carries
For example: SPE equipment receives after the PW detection messages, then can be with step-length of value adjustment of the ttl field in the above-mentioned PW tags detected, for example: the value of ttl field is subtracted 1.At this moment, if SPE equipment with the value of the ttl field that obtains after the adjustment of the value of the ttl field in the above-mentioned PW tags detected be preassigned first numerical value (for example: 0), can confirm that so then above-mentioned PW detection messages meets preset detection trigger condition.
Again for example: SPE equipment receives after the detection messages, at this moment, if the value of the ttl field in the above-mentioned PW tags detected be preassigned second value (for example: 1), can confirm that so then above-mentioned PW detection messages meets preset detection trigger condition.
103, above-mentioned SPE equipment detects the state of above-mentioned MS-PW according to above-mentioned PW detection messages.
For example: extract the payload data of above-mentioned PW detection messages, and detect the state of above-mentioned MS-PW according to above-mentioned payload data.
Wherein, above-mentioned 101～103 executive agent is that above-mentioned SPE equipment can be the afterbody corresponding equipment of any PW section among the above-mentioned PW to be detected, and the embodiment of the invention does not limit this.
It is understandable that: above-mentioned 101～103 can be the arbitrary PW section that detects among the MS-PW, and perhaps any continuous several PW sections can also be the complete PW that detects among the MS-PW, and the embodiment of the invention does not limit this.
Alternatively, above-mentioned PW detection messages can detect (English full name is Bidirectional Forward Detection, abbreviates BFD as) detection messages, the newly-increased label in the header data that above-mentioned PW tags detected is above-mentioned BFD detection messages for two-way forwarding.
It is understandable that: in the present embodiment; The payload data of the BFD detection messages that SPE equipment extracts is the payload data of BFD detection messages of the prior art; The detailed description of this payload data; And the SPE equipment handled of carrying out according to this payload data etc. can repeat no more referring to related content of the prior art here.
Alternatively; Above-mentioned PW detection messages can also (English full name be Multi-Protocol Label Switching-Transport Profile in order to transmit multiprotocol label switching; Abbreviate MPLS-TP as) detection messages; Value in the header data that above-mentioned PW tags detected is above-mentioned MPLS-TP detection messages is 13 common association channel label (English full name is Generic Associated Channel Label, and English abbreviates GAL as), is commonly called 13 labels.Alternatively, said 13 labels are solicited (English full name is Request For Comments, and English abbreviates RFC as) 5886 definition by the suggestion of the Internet engineering duty group (English full name is Internet Engineering Task Force, and English abbreviates IETF as).
It is understandable that: in the present embodiment; The payload data of the MPLS-TP detection messages that SPE equipment extracts is the payload data of MPLS-TP detection messages of the prior art; The detailed description of this payload data; And the SPE equipment handled of carrying out according to this payload data etc. can repeat no more referring to related content of the prior art here.
It is understandable that: can further include other existing labels in the header data of above-mentioned BFD detection messages or MPLS-TP detection messages; For example: private network PW label, public network label etc.; The detailed description of above-mentioned other existing labels can repeat no more referring to related content of the prior art here.
In the present embodiment; Internal layer through private network PW label in the header data of PW detection messages increases the PW tags detected; Thereby make SPE equipment to confirm that above-mentioned PW detection messages meets preset detection trigger condition, and according to above-mentioned PW detection messages according to the value of the ttl field that is comprised in the above-mentioned PW tags detected; Detect the state of above-mentioned MS-PW; Present embodiment need not know how many routers are the public network side specifically have, and can avoid the complicated problem of growing with the time of detecting operation of the MS-PW that the public network tunnel of unified model in the prior art carries, thereby has improved the detection efficiency of MS-PW.In addition, the detection of the MS-PW that the detection method of present embodiment all goes for the public network tunnel of pipeline model and unified model carrying can effectively shield the difference in public network tunnel.
The schematic flow sheet of the message processing method that Fig. 2 provides for another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 2, the message processing method of present embodiment can following content.
201, SPE equipment receives a PW detection messages, wherein, comprises a tags detected and a private network PW label in the above-mentioned PW detection messages, comprises a ttl field in the above-mentioned PW tags detected, and above-mentioned PW tags detected is positioned at the internal layer of above-mentioned private network PW label.
Alternatively; The initial value of above-mentioned ttl field is by generating the quantity setting of the user-end provider edge of above-mentioned PW detection messages according to the PW section to be detected among the above-mentioned MS-PW among the above-mentioned MS-PW; For example: the initial value of ttl field can be set to the quantity of above-mentioned PW section to be detected, and perhaps the initial value of the ttl field quantity that can also be set to above-mentioned PW section to be detected adds N, wherein; N be positive integer (for example: 1,2,3 ...), present embodiment does not limit this.
It is understandable that: the PW detection messages in the present embodiment through MS-PW by way of each equipment the time, the variation of the private network PW label that is comprised in this PW detection messages can be repeated no more referring to related content of the prior art here.
Alternatively, can also further comprise a public network label in the above-mentioned PW detection messages, for example: tunnel label etc., above-mentioned public network label is positioned at the skin of above-mentioned private network PW label.It is understandable that: the PW detection messages in the present embodiment through MS-PW by way of each equipment the time, the variation of the public network label that is comprised in this PW detection messages can be repeated no more referring to related content of the prior art here.
202, above-mentioned SPE equipment confirms that according to the value of above-mentioned ttl field above-mentioned PW detection messages does not meet preset detection trigger condition.
Particularly; The value of the ttl field in the PW tags detected can (for example: through one section PW change according to the hop count of PW to be detected; The value of ttl field subtracts 1), make it possible to value according to the ttl field in the PW tags detected, confirm that above-mentioned PW detection messages does not meet preset detection trigger condition; Thereby the problem that detecting operation is complicated and the time is long of the MS-PW that the public network tunnel that can avoid unified model in the prior art carries
203, above-mentioned SPE equipment is transmitted above-mentioned PW detection messages along MS-PW, and the value of the ttl field in the PW detection messages of above-mentioned forwarding is that step-length of value adjustment of the ttl field in the PW detection messages of above-mentioned reception obtains.
For example: SPE equipment receives after the PW detection messages, then can be with step-length of value adjustment of the ttl field in the above-mentioned PW tags detected, for example: the value of ttl field is subtracted 1.At this moment; If SPE equipment with the value of the ttl field that obtains after the adjustment of the value of the ttl field in the above-mentioned PW tags detected for preassigned first numerical value (for example: 0); SPE equipment can confirm that then above-mentioned PW detection messages does not meet preset detection trigger condition so, thereby can transmit above-mentioned PW detection messages along above-mentioned MS-PW.It is understandable that: the value of the ttl field in the PW detection messages of above-mentioned SPE device forwards is that step-length of value adjustment of the ttl field in the PW detection messages that receives of above-mentioned SPE equipment obtains.
Again for example: SPE equipment receives after the detection messages; At this moment; If the value of the ttl field in the above-mentioned PW tags detected is not that (for example: 1), SPE equipment can confirm that then above-mentioned PW detection messages does not meet preset detection trigger condition to preassigned second value so, thereby can be with step-length of value adjustment of the ttl field in the above-mentioned PW tags detected; For example: the value of ttl field is subtracted 1, and transmit above-mentioned PW detection messages along above-mentioned MS-PW.It is understandable that: the value of the ttl field in the PW detection messages of above-mentioned SPE device forwards is that step-length of value adjustment of the ttl field in the PW detection messages that receives of above-mentioned SPE equipment obtains.
Wherein, above-mentioned 201～203 executive agent is that above-mentioned SPE equipment can be the afterbody corresponding equipment of arbitrary section PW among the above-mentioned PW to be detected, and the embodiment of the invention does not limit this.
Alternatively, above-mentioned PW detection messages can be BFD detection messages, the newly-increased label in the header data that above-mentioned PW tags detected is above-mentioned BFD detection messages.
It is understandable that: in the present embodiment; The payload data of the BFD detection messages that SPE equipment extracts is the payload data of BFD detection messages of the prior art; The detailed description of this payload data; And the SPE equipment handled of carrying out according to this payload data etc. can repeat no more referring to related content of the prior art here.
Alternatively, above-mentioned PW detection messages can also be the MPLS-TP detection messages, and the value in the header data that above-mentioned PW tags detected is above-mentioned MPLS-TP detection messages is 13 GAL.Be commonly called 13 labels.Alternatively, said 13 labels are by RFC 5886 definition of IETF.
It is understandable that: can further include other existing labels in the header data of above-mentioned BFD detection messages or MPLS-TP detection messages; For example: private network PW label, public network label etc.; The detailed description of above-mentioned other existing labels can repeat no more referring to related content of the prior art here.
In the present embodiment; Internal layer through private network PW label in the header data of PW detection messages increases the PW tags detected; Thereby make that SPE equipment can be according to the value of the ttl field that is comprised in the above-mentioned PW tags detected; Confirm that above-mentioned PW detection messages does not meet preset detection trigger condition, and transmit above-mentioned PW detection messages along MS-PW, present embodiment need not know how many routers are the public network side specifically have; Can avoid the complicated problem of growing with the time of detecting operation of the MS-PW that the public network tunnel of unified model in the prior art carries, thereby improve the detection efficiency of MS-PW.In addition, the detection of the MS-PW that the detection method of present embodiment all goes for the public network tunnel of pipeline model and unified model carrying can effectively shield the difference in public network tunnel.
The schematic flow sheet of the method that MS-PW is detected that Fig. 3 provides for another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 3, the method that MS-PW is detected of present embodiment can comprise following content.
301, user-end provider edge sends a PW detection messages in above-mentioned MS-PW; Wherein, Comprise a tags detected and a private network PW label in the above-mentioned PW detection messages; Comprise a ttl field in the above-mentioned tags detected, the initial value of above-mentioned ttl field is by the quantity setting of above-mentioned user-end provider edge according to the PW section to be detected among the above-mentioned MS-PW, and above-mentioned tags detected is positioned at the internal layer of above-mentioned private network PW label.
Alternatively, can also further comprise a public network label in the above-mentioned PW detection messages, for example: tunnel label etc., above-mentioned public network label is positioned at the skin of above-mentioned private network PW label.It is understandable that: the PW detection messages in the present embodiment through MS-PW by way of each equipment the time, the variation of the public network label that is comprised in this PW detection messages can be repeated no more referring to related content of the prior art here.
Alternatively; In the present embodiment; A SPE equipment among the above-mentioned MP-PW can also further receive above-mentioned PW detection messages, and according to the value of above-mentioned ttl field, confirms that above-mentioned PW detection messages meets preset detection trigger condition; Make above-mentioned SPE equipment to detect the state of above-mentioned MS-PW according to above-mentioned PW detection messages.Alternatively, the detailed description about SPE equipment can repeat no more referring to the related content among the embodiment of Fig. 1 correspondence here.
Alternatively, in the present embodiment, a SPE equipment among the above-mentioned MP-PW can also further receive above-mentioned PW detection messages.And; Above-mentioned SPE equipment is according to the value of above-mentioned ttl field; Confirm that above-mentioned PW detection messages does not meet preset detection trigger condition; Make above-mentioned SPE equipment to transmit above-mentioned PW detection messages along above-mentioned MS-PW, the value of the ttl field in the PW detection messages of above-mentioned forwarding is that step-length of value adjustment of the ttl field in the PW detection messages of above-mentioned reception obtains.Particularly, detailed description can repeat no more referring to the related content among the embodiment of Fig. 2 correspondence here.
Alternatively, in the present embodiment, the equipment each SPE equipment in above-mentioned U PE equipment and above-mentioned MP-PW is not adjusted the value of above-mentioned ttl field.
In the present embodiment; Internal layer through private network PW label in the header data of the PW detection messages of sending at user-end provider edge increases the PW tags detected; Thereby make SPE equipment to confirm that above-mentioned PW detection messages meets preset detection trigger condition, and according to above-mentioned PW detection messages according to the value of the ttl field that is comprised in the above-mentioned PW tags detected; Detect the state of above-mentioned MS-PW; Confirm that perhaps above-mentioned PW detection messages does not meet preset detection trigger condition, and transmit above-mentioned PW detection messages along above-mentioned MS-PW, present embodiment need not know how many routers are the public network side specifically have; Can avoid the complicated problem of growing with the time of detecting operation of the MS-PW that the public network tunnel of unified model in the prior art carries, thereby improve the detection efficiency of MS-PW.In addition, the detection of the MS-PW that the detection method of present embodiment all goes for the public network tunnel of pipeline model and unified model carrying can effectively shield the difference in public network tunnel.
For the method that makes the embodiment of the invention provide is clearer, will be double bounce PW (being that MS-PW comprises two sections PW) below with MS-PW as for example.As shown in Figure 4, in the present embodiment, between UPE A equipment and UPE B equipment,, set up two PW sections, to form MS-PW through SPE equipment.It is understandable that: between UPE A equipment and the SPE equipment and between SPE equipment and the UPE B equipment; Also possibly there are other PE equipment; Because the end points that these other PE equipment are not PW; Be the equipment of the PW approach of correspondence, they are left intact to the value of the ttl field of tags detected, the value of the ttl field of direct transparent this tags detected of transmission.
If detect whole PW sections of MS-PW, the initial value of ttl field then can be set to the hop count value 2 of PW to be detected.Like this, SPE equipment receives after the detection messages that UPE A equipment sends, and the initial value 2 of the ttl field in the tags detected is subtracted 1, and detection messages is sent to U PE B equipment; UPE B equipment receives after the detection messages of SPE equipment transmission, then can extract the payload data of above-mentioned PW detection messages, and detects the state of above-mentioned MS-PW according to above-mentioned payload data.
If detect the PW section of MS-PW, for example: the PW between UPE A equipment and the SPE equipment, the initial value of ttl field then can be set to the quantitative value 1 of PW section to be detected.Like this; SPE equipment receives after the detection messages of UPE A equipment transmission; The initial value 1 of the ttl field in the tags detected is subtracted 1, and the value of the ttl field in the tags detected is 0 at this moment, is preassigned numerical value 0; SPE then can extract the payload data of above-mentioned PW detection messages, and detects the state of the PW section between above-mentioned UPE A and the SPE according to above-mentioned payload data.
Need to prove: for aforesaid each method embodiment; For simple description; So it all is expressed as a series of combination of actions, but those skilled in the art should know that the present invention does not receive the restriction of described sequence of movement; Because according to the present invention, some step can adopt other orders or carry out simultaneously.Secondly, those skilled in the art also should know, the embodiment described in the specification all belongs to preferred embodiment, and related action and module might not be that the present invention is necessary.
In the above-described embodiments, the description of each embodiment is all emphasized particularly on different fields, do not have the part that details among certain embodiment, can be referring to the associated description of other embodiment.
The structural representation of the SPE equipment among the MS-PW that Fig. 5 provides for another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 5, the SPE equipment among the MS-PW of present embodiment can comprise receiving element 51, confirm unit 52 and detecting unit 53.Receiving element 51 is used to receive a PW detection messages, wherein, comprises a tags detected and a private network PW label in the above-mentioned PW detection messages, comprises a ttl field in the above-mentioned tags detected, and above-mentioned tags detected is positioned at the internal layer of above-mentioned private network PW label; Confirm that unit 52 is used for the value according to above-mentioned ttl field, confirm that above-mentioned PW detection messages meets preset detection trigger condition; Detecting unit 53 is used for the above-mentioned PW detection messages according to receiving element 51 receptions, detects the state of above-mentioned MS-PW.
Alternatively, the initial value of above-mentioned ttl field is by generating the quantity setting of the user-end provider edge of above-mentioned PW detection messages according to the PW section to be detected among the above-mentioned MS-PW among the above-mentioned MS-PW.
SPE equipment among the MS-PW that the function of SPE equipment can be provided by present embodiment among the corresponding embodiment of above-mentioned Fig. 1 is realized.
Alternatively, can also further comprise a public network label in the above-mentioned PW detection messages that the receiving element 51 in the present embodiment receives, above-mentioned public network label is positioned at the skin of above-mentioned private network PW label.
Alternatively, the above-mentioned PW detection messages of receiving element 51 receptions can be BFD detection messages, the newly-increased label in the header data that above-mentioned PW tags detected is above-mentioned BFD detection messages.For example: detecting unit 53 specifically can extract the payload data of the above-mentioned BFD detection messages of receiving element 51 receptions, and detects the state of above-mentioned MS-PW according to above-mentioned payload data.
It is understandable that: in the present embodiment; The payload data of the BFD detection messages that detecting unit 53 extracts is the payload data of BFD detection messages of the prior art; The detailed description of this payload data; And the detecting unit handled of carrying out according to this payload data etc. can repeat no more referring to related content of the prior art here.
Alternatively, the above-mentioned PW detection messages that receiving element 51 receives can also be the MPLS-TP detection messages, and the value in the header data that above-mentioned PW tags detected is above-mentioned MPLS-TP detection messages is 13 GAL.For example: detecting unit 53 specifically can extract the payload data of the above-mentioned MPLS-TP detection messages of receiving element 51 receptions, and detects the state of above-mentioned MS-PW according to above-mentioned payload data.
It is understandable that: in the present embodiment; The payload data of the MPLS-TP detection messages that detecting unit 53 extracts is the payload data of MPLS-TP detection messages of the prior art; The detailed description of this payload data; And the detecting unit handled of carrying out according to this payload data etc. can repeat no more referring to related content of the prior art here.
In the present embodiment; Internal layer through private network PW label in the header data of PW detection messages increases the PW tags detected; Thereby make to confirm that the unit can confirm that above-mentioned PW detection messages meets preset detection trigger condition according to the value of the ttl field that is comprised in the above-mentioned PW tags detected, and by detecting unit according to above-mentioned PW detection messages; Detect the state of above-mentioned MS-PW; Present embodiment need not know how many routers are the public network side specifically have, and can avoid the complicated problem of growing with the time of detecting operation of the MS-PW that the public network tunnel of unified model in the prior art carries, thereby has improved the detection efficiency of MS-PW.In addition, the detection of the MS-PW that the detection method of present embodiment all goes for the public network tunnel of pipeline model and unified model carrying can effectively shield the difference in public network tunnel.
The structural representation of the SPE equipment among the MS-PW that Fig. 6 provides for another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 6, the SPE equipment among the MS-PW of present embodiment can comprise receiving element 61, confirm unit 62 and retransmission unit 63.Wherein, Receiving element 61 is used to receive a PW detection messages, wherein, comprises a tags detected and a private network PW label in the above-mentioned PW detection messages; Comprise a ttl field in the above-mentioned tags detected, above-mentioned tags detected is positioned at the internal layer of above-mentioned private network PW label; Confirm that unit 62 is used for the value according to above-mentioned ttl field, confirm that above-mentioned PW detection messages does not meet preset detection trigger condition; Retransmission unit 63 is used for transmitting the above-mentioned PW detection messages that receiving element 61 receives along above-mentioned MS-PW, and the value of the ttl field in the PW detection messages of above-mentioned forwarding is that step-length of value adjustment of the ttl field in the PW detection messages of the above-mentioned reception that receives of receiving element 61 obtains.
SPE equipment among the MS-PW that the function of SPE equipment can be provided by present embodiment among the corresponding embodiment of above-mentioned Fig. 2 is realized.
In the present embodiment; Internal layer through private network PW label in the header data of PW detection messages increases the PW tags detected; Thereby make and confirm that the unit can be according to the value of the ttl field that is comprised in the above-mentioned PW tags detected; Confirm that above-mentioned PW detection messages does not meet preset detection trigger condition, and transmit above-mentioned PW detection messages by retransmission unit along MS-PW, present embodiment need not know how many routers are the public network side specifically have; Can avoid the complicated problem of growing with the time of detecting operation of the MS-PW that the public network tunnel of unified model in the prior art carries, thereby improve the detection efficiency of MS-PW.In addition, the detection of the MS-PW that the detection method of present embodiment all goes for the public network tunnel of pipeline model and unified model carrying can effectively shield the difference in public network tunnel.
The structural representation of the user-end provider edge among the MS-PW that Fig. 7 provides for another embodiment of the present invention; As shown in Figure 7; User-end provider edge among the MS-PW of present embodiment can comprise transmitting element 71, is used for sending a PW detection messages at above-mentioned MS-PW, wherein; Comprise a tags detected and a private network PW label in the above-mentioned PW detection messages; Comprise a ttl field in the above-mentioned tags detected, the initial value of said ttl field is by the quantity setting of said user-end provider edge according to the PW section to be detected among the said MS-PW, and above-mentioned tags detected is positioned at the internal layer of above-mentioned private network PW label.
User-end provider edge among the MS-PW that the function of user-end provider edge can be provided by present embodiment among the corresponding embodiment of above-mentioned Fig. 3 is realized.
Alternatively, as shown in Figure 8, the user-end provider edge that present embodiment provides can further include public network label encapsulation unit 81, is used to public network label of above-mentioned PW detection messages encapsulation, and above-mentioned public network label is positioned at the skin of above-mentioned private network PW label.
Alternatively, as shown in Figure 9, the user-end provider edge that present embodiment provides can further include TTL unit 91 is set, and is used for being provided with according to the quantity of the PW section to be detected of above-mentioned MS-PW the initial value of above-mentioned ttl field.
Alternatively, said user-end provider edge can both comprise said public network label encapsulation unit 81, comprised that again said TTL is provided with unit 91.
Alternatively; Shown in Figure 10 A; The user-end provider edge that present embodiment provides can further include the first detection messages generation unit 1001; Be used to generate above-mentioned PW detection messages, above-mentioned PW detection messages is the BFD detection messages, and above-mentioned tags detected is the newly-increased label in the header data of above-mentioned BFD detection messages.
Alternatively; Shown in Figure 10 B; The user-end provider edge that present embodiment provides can further include the second detection messages generation unit 1002; Be used to generate above-mentioned PW detection messages, above-mentioned PW detection messages is the MPLS-TP detection messages, and above-mentioned tags detected is that the value in the header data of above-mentioned MPLS-TP detection messages is 13 common association channel label.
In the present embodiment; Internal layer through private network PW label in the header data of the PW detection messages of sending at transmitting element increases the PW tags detected; Thereby make SPE equipment to confirm that above-mentioned PW detection messages meets preset detection trigger condition, and according to above-mentioned PW detection messages according to the value of the ttl field that is comprised in the above-mentioned PW tags detected; Detect the state of above-mentioned MS-PW; Confirm that perhaps above-mentioned PW detection messages does not meet preset detection trigger condition, and transmit above-mentioned PW detection messages along above-mentioned MS-PW, present embodiment need not know how many routers are the public network side specifically have; Can avoid the complicated problem of growing with the time of detecting operation of the MS-PW that the public network tunnel of unified model in the prior art carries, thereby improve the detection efficiency of MS-PW.In addition, the detection of the MS-PW that the detection method of present embodiment all goes for the public network tunnel of pipeline model and unified model carrying can effectively shield the difference in public network tunnel.
The structural representation of the system that comprises MS-PW that Figure 11 provides for another embodiment of the present invention; Shown in figure 11; The system that comprises MS-PW of present embodiment can comprise the user-end provider edge 1101 among the MS-PW that the embodiment of arbitrary correspondence among above-mentioned Fig. 7, Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 provides, and can further include SPE equipment 1102.Wherein, above-mentioned SPE equipment 1102 receives above-mentioned PW detection messages; Above-mentioned SPE equipment 1102 confirms that according to the value of above-mentioned ttl field above-mentioned PW detection messages meets preset detection trigger condition; Above-mentioned SPE equipment 1102 detects the state of above-mentioned MS-PW according to above-mentioned PW detection messages.
Alternatively, SPE equipment is realized in the system that comprises MS-PW that the function of SPE equipment can be provided by present embodiment among the embodiment that above-mentioned Fig. 5 is corresponding.
Alternatively, in the present embodiment, the equipment except above-mentioned user-end provider edge and above-mentioned SPE equipment is not adjusted the value of above-mentioned ttl field.
In the present embodiment; Internal layer through private network PW label in the header data of the PW detection messages of sending at user-end provider edge increases the PW tags detected; Thereby make SPE equipment to confirm that above-mentioned PW detection messages meets preset detection trigger condition, and according to above-mentioned PW detection messages according to the value of the ttl field that is comprised in the above-mentioned PW tags detected; Detect the state of above-mentioned MS-PW; Present embodiment need not know how many routers are the public network side specifically have, and can avoid the complicated problem of growing with the time of detecting operation of the MS-PW that the public network tunnel of unified model in the prior art carries, thereby has improved the detection efficiency of MS-PW.In addition, the detection of the MS-PW that the detection method of present embodiment all goes for the public network tunnel of pipeline model and unified model carrying can effectively shield the difference in public network tunnel.
The structural representation of the system that comprises MS-PW that Figure 12 provides for another embodiment of the present invention; Shown in figure 12; The system that comprises MS-PW of present embodiment can comprise the U PE equipment 1201 among the MS-PW that the embodiment of arbitrary correspondence among above-mentioned Fig. 7, Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 provides, and can further include SPE equipment 1202.Wherein, a SPE equipment among the above-mentioned MP-PW 1202 receives above-mentioned PW detection messages; Above-mentioned SPE equipment 1202 confirms that according to the value of above-mentioned ttl field above-mentioned PW detection messages does not meet preset detection trigger condition; Above-mentioned SPE equipment 1202 is transmitted above-mentioned PW detection messages along above-mentioned MS-PW, and the value of the ttl field in the PW detection messages of above-mentioned forwarding is that step-length of value adjustment of the ttl field in the PW detection messages of above-mentioned reception obtains.
Alternatively, in the present embodiment, the equipment except above-mentioned user-end provider edge and above-mentioned SPE equipment is not adjusted the value of above-mentioned ttl field.
Alternatively, SPE equipment is realized in the system that comprises MS-PW that the function of SPE equipment can be provided by present embodiment among the embodiment that above-mentioned Fig. 6 is corresponding.
In the present embodiment; Internal layer through private network PW label in the header data of the PW detection messages of sending at user-end provider edge increases the PW tags detected; Thereby make that SPE equipment can be according to the value of the ttl field that is comprised in the above-mentioned PW tags detected; Confirm that above-mentioned PW detection messages does not meet preset detection trigger condition, and transmit above-mentioned PW detection messages along MS-PW, present embodiment need not know how many routers are the public network side specifically have; Can avoid the complicated problem of growing with the time of detecting operation of the MS-PW that the public network tunnel of unified model in the prior art carries, thereby improve the detection efficiency of MS-PW.In addition, the detection of the MS-PW that the detection method of present embodiment all goes for the public network tunnel of pipeline model and unified model carrying can effectively shield the difference in public network tunnel.
The those skilled in the art can be well understood to, for the convenience described with succinct, the system of foregoing description, the concrete course of work of device and unit can repeat no more at this with reference to the corresponding process among the preceding method embodiment.
In several embodiment that the application provided, should be understood that, the system that is disclosed, apparatus and method can realize through other mode.For example, device embodiment described above only is schematically, for example; The division of said units; Only be that a kind of logic function is divided, during actual the realization other dividing mode can be arranged, for example a plurality of unit or assembly can combine or can be integrated into another system; Or some characteristics can ignore, or do not carry out.Another point, the coupling each other that shows or discuss or directly coupling or communication to connect can be through some interfaces, the INDIRECT COUPLING of device or unit or communication connect, and can be electrically, machinery or other form.
Above-mentioned unit as separating component explanation can or can not be physically to separate also, and the parts that show as the unit can be or can not be physical locations also, promptly can be positioned at a place, perhaps also can be distributed on a plurality of NEs.Can realize the purpose of present embodiment scheme according to the needs selection some or all of unit wherein of reality.
In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention can be integrated in the processing unit, also can be that the independent physics in each unit exists, and also can be integrated in the unit two or more unit.Above-mentioned integrated unit both can adopt the form of hardware to realize, the form that also can adopt hardware to add SFU software functional unit realizes.
The above-mentioned integrated unit of realizing with the form of SFU software functional unit can be stored in the computer read/write memory medium.Above-mentioned SFU software functional unit is stored in the storage medium, comprise some instructions with so that computer equipment (can be personal computer, server, the perhaps network equipment etc.) carry out the part steps of each embodiment said method of the present invention.And aforesaid storage medium comprises: USB flash disk, portable hard drive, read-only memory (Read-Only Memory; Abbreviate ROM as), various media that can be program code stored such as random access memory (Random Access Memory abbreviates RAM as), magnetic disc or CD.
What should explain at last is: above embodiment is only in order to explaining technical scheme of the present invention, but not to its restriction; Although with reference to previous embodiment the present invention has been carried out detailed explanation, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that: it still can be made amendment to the technical scheme that aforementioned each embodiment put down in writing, and perhaps part technical characterictic wherein is equal to replacement; And these are revised or replacement, do not make the spirit and the scope of the essence disengaging various embodiments of the present invention technical scheme of relevant art scheme.
Claims (23)
1. the method that multi-segment pseudo-wires MS-PW is detected is characterized in that, comprising:
Exchange Service provider edge SPE equipment receives a pseudo-line PW detection messages; Wherein, Comprise a tags detected and a private network PW label in the said PW detection messages, comprise a time-to-live ttl field in the said tags detected, said tags detected is positioned at the internal layer of said private network PW label;
Said SPE equipment confirms that according to the value of said ttl field said PW detection messages meets preset detection trigger condition;
Said SPE equipment detects the state of said MS-PW according to said PW detection messages.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises a public network label in the said PW detection messages, and said public network label is positioned at the skin of said private network PW label.
3. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the initial value of said ttl field is by generating the quantity setting of lower floor's Provider Edge user-end provider edge of said PW detection messages according to the PW section to be detected among the said MS-PW among the said MS-PW.
4. according to the described method of the arbitrary claim of claim 1～3, it is characterized in that,
Said PW detection messages is that two-way forwarding detects the BFD detection messages, and said tags detected is the newly-increased label in the header data of said BFD detection messages; Perhaps
Said PW detection messages is for transmitting multiprotocol label switching MPLS-TP detection messages, and said tags detected is that the value in the header data of said MPLS-TP detection messages is 13 common association channel label.
5. a message processing method is characterized in that, comprising:
Exchange Service provider edge SPE equipment receives a pseudo-line PW detection messages; Wherein, Comprise a tags detected and a private network PW label in the said PW detection messages, comprise a time-to-live ttl field in the said tags detected, said tags detected is positioned at the internal layer of said private network PW label;
Said SPE equipment confirms that according to the value of said ttl field said PW detection messages does not meet preset detection trigger condition;
Said SPE equipment is transmitted said PW detection messages along multi-segment pseudo-wires MS-PW, and the value of the ttl field in the PW detection messages of said forwarding is that step-length of value adjustment of the ttl field in the PW detection messages of said reception obtains.
6. the method that multi-segment pseudo-wires MS-PW is detected is characterized in that, comprising:
Lower floor's Provider Edge user-end provider edge sends a pseudo-line PW detection messages in said MS-PW; Wherein, Comprise a tags detected and a private network PW label in the said PW detection messages; Comprise a time-to-live ttl field in the said tags detected, the initial value of said ttl field is by the quantity setting of said user-end provider edge according to the PW section to be detected among the said MS-PW, and said tags detected is positioned at the internal layer of said private network PW label.
7. method according to claim 6 is characterized in that, also comprises a public network label in the said PW detection messages, and said public network label is positioned at the skin of said private network PW label.
8. according to claim 6 or 7 described methods, it is characterized in that said method also comprises:
An Exchange Service provider edge SPE equipment among the said MP-PW receives said PW detection messages;
Said SPE equipment confirms that according to the value of said ttl field said PW detection messages meets preset detection trigger condition;
Said SPE equipment detects the state of said MS-PW according to said PW detection messages.
9. according to claim 6 or 7 described methods, it is characterized in that said method also comprises:
A SPE equipment among the said MP-PW receives said PW detection messages;
Said SPE equipment confirms that according to the value of said ttl field said PW detection messages does not meet preset detection trigger condition;
Said SPE equipment is transmitted said PW detection messages along said MS-PW, and the value of the ttl field in the PW detection messages of said forwarding is that step-length of value adjustment of the ttl field in the PW detection messages of said reception obtains.
10. according to the described method of the arbitrary claim of claim 6～9, it is characterized in that said method also comprises:
Equipment each SPE equipment in said user-end provider edge and said MP-PW is not adjusted the value of said ttl field.
11. the Exchange Service provider edge SPE equipment among the multi-segment pseudo-wires MS-PW is characterized in that, comprising:
Receiving element is used to receive a pseudo-line PW detection messages, wherein, comprises a tags detected and a private network PW label in the said PW detection messages, comprises a ttl field in the said tags detected, and said tags detected is positioned at the internal layer of said private network PW label;
Confirm the unit, be used for value, confirm that said PW detection messages meets preset detection trigger condition according to said time-to-live ttl field;
Detecting unit is used for detecting the state of said MS-PW according to said PW detection messages.
12. equipment according to claim 11 is characterized in that, also comprises a public network label in the said PW detection messages, said public network label is positioned at the skin of said private network PW label.
13. equipment according to claim 11 is characterized in that, the initial value of said ttl field is by generating the quantity setting of the Provider Edge U PE of the lower floor equipment of said PW detection messages according to the PW section to be detected among the said MS-PW among the said MS-PW.
14., it is characterized in that the said PW detection messages that said receiving element receives does according to the described equipment of the arbitrary claim of claim 11～13
Two-way forwarding detects the BFD detection messages, and said tags detected is the newly-increased label in the header data of said BFD detection messages; Perhaps
Transmit multiprotocol label switching MPLS-TP detection messages, said tags detected is that the value in the header data of said MPLS-TP detection messages is 13 common association channel label.
15. the Exchange Service provider edge SPE equipment among the multi-segment pseudo-wires MS-PW is characterized in that, comprising:
Receiving element; Be used to receive a pseudo-line PW detection messages, wherein, comprise a tags detected and a private network PW label in the said PW detection messages; Comprise a time-to-live ttl field in the said tags detected, said tags detected is positioned at the internal layer of said private network PW label;
Confirm the unit, be used for value, confirm that said PW detection messages does not meet preset detection trigger condition according to said ttl field;
Retransmission unit is used for along said MS-PW transmitting said PW detection messages, and the value of the ttl field in the PW detection messages of said forwarding is that step-length of value adjustment of the ttl field in the PW detection messages of said reception obtains.
16. the Provider Edge U PE of the lower floor equipment among the multi-segment pseudo-wires MS-PW is characterized in that, comprising:
Transmitting element; Be used for sending a pseudo-line PW detection messages at said MS-PW; Wherein, comprise a tags detected and a private network PW label in the said PW detection messages, comprise a time-to-live ttl field in the said tags detected; The initial value of said ttl field is by the quantity setting of said user-end provider edge according to the PW section to be detected among the said MS-PW, and said tags detected is positioned at the internal layer of said private network PW label.
17. equipment according to claim 16 is characterized in that, also comprises:
Public network label encapsulation unit is used to public network label of said PW detection messages encapsulation, and said public network label is positioned at the skin of said private network PW label.
18. according to claim 16 or 17 described equipment, it is characterized in that, also comprise:
TTL is provided with the unit, is used for being provided with according to the quantity of the PW section to be detected of said MS-PW the initial value of said ttl field.
19. according to the described equipment of the arbitrary claim of claim 16～18, it is characterized in that, also comprise:
The first detection messages generation unit is used to generate said PW detection messages, and said PW detection messages is that two-way forwarding detects the BFD detection messages, and said tags detected is the newly-increased label in the header data of said BFD detection messages; Perhaps
The second detection messages generation unit; Be used to generate said PW detection messages; Said PW detection messages is for transmitting multiprotocol label switching MPLS-TP detection messages, and said tags detected is that the value in the header data of said MPLS-TP detection messages is 13 common association channel label.
20. a system that comprises multi-segment pseudo-wires MS-PW is characterized in that, comprises the described lower floor of the arbitrary claim of claim 16～19 Provider Edge user-end provider edge, also comprises Exchange Service provider edge SPE equipment, wherein,
Said SPE equipment receives said PW detection messages;
Said SPE equipment confirms that according to the value of said ttl field said PW detection messages meets preset detection trigger condition;
Said SPE equipment detects the state of said MS-PW according to said PW detection messages.
21. system according to claim 20 is characterized in that, the equipment in the said system except said user-end provider edge and said SPE equipment is not adjusted the value of said ttl field.
22. a system that comprises multi-segment pseudo-wires MS-PW is characterized in that, comprises the described lower floor of the arbitrary claim of claim 16～19 Provider Edge user-end provider edge, also comprises Exchange Service provider edge SPE equipment, wherein,
A SPE equipment among the said MP-PW receives said PW detection messages;
Said SPE equipment confirms that according to the value of said ttl field said PW detection messages does not meet preset detection trigger condition;
Said SPE equipment is transmitted said PW detection messages along said MS-PW, and the value of the ttl field in the PW detection messages of said forwarding is that step-length of value adjustment of the ttl field in the PW detection messages of said reception obtains.
23. system according to claim 22 is characterized in that, the equipment in the said system except said user-end provider edge and said SPE equipment is not adjusted the value of said ttl field.
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| CN201110276056.6A CN102315989B (en) | 2011-09-16 | 2011-09-16 | Method for detecting multi-section pseudowire (MS-PW) and equipment and system |
| PCT/CN2012/081474 WO2013037319A1 (en) | 2011-09-16 | 2012-09-17 | Bandwidth resource management method, device and system for label switched path |
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