CN102315658A - Dynamic balancing device and balancing method for battery pack - Google Patents
Dynamic balancing device and balancing method for battery pack Download PDFInfo
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- CN102315658A CN102315658A CN2010102208877A CN201010220887A CN102315658A CN 102315658 A CN102315658 A CN 102315658A CN 2010102208877 A CN2010102208877 A CN 2010102208877A CN 201010220887 A CN201010220887 A CN 201010220887A CN 102315658 A CN102315658 A CN 102315658A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a dynamic balancing device for balancing a battery pack in charging or discharging. The dynamic balancing device overcomes the defects that in the existing balancing device, the energy consumption is more and the balancing capability is weak. The device adopts the technical scheme that an electric connecting mode among all single batteries or submodules in the battery pack is changed dynamically, i.e., the series-parallel state of the single batteries or the submodules in the battery pack is changed, so that the purpose of leading the battery pack to tend to be balanced is achieved. During discharging, the voltage of each level in the battery pack is acquired. When the voltage difference is large, one single battery is pushed to the level with lowest voltage from the level with highest voltage; and when the voltage difference is small, a plurality of single batteries or the submodules are connected with different levels in a time-sharing manner, the time for parallel connection with the levels with lower voltages is longer, and the proportional integral and differential adjustment can be carried out on the specific time according to all levels of voltages so as to lead the battery pack to tend to be completely balanced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to battery pack dynamic balancing device and battery pack method for dynamically balancing.Say so more specifically and realize the method for capacity equilibrium between level through the different levels that cell or submodule inserted dynamically battery pack, be mainly used in the power battery technology field.
Background technology
The voltage of cell and capacity generally can not satisfy the needs of doing electrical source of power, so a plurality of cell will constitute battery pack through connection in series-parallel electric energy are provided.Sometimes several cells are just connected formation one sub-module packaging together in manufacture process.These submodules can be as the further connection in series-parallel of cell quilt.Suppose that a battery pack contains n and takes advantage of m cell or submodule; Wherein every m cell or submodule are connected in parallel earlier; We are referred to as a level constitute like this one and disjunctor, and each level is chained together and constitutes the battery pack of a n level then.Owing to inevitably on capacity, have in the manufacturing process certain unbalanced between the difference cell at the very start.For storage battery, with the increase of the number of times that charges and discharge circulation, the lack of uniformity between the cell also will further strengthen.So the voltage of each level is with inequality in charge or discharge.For the protection battery pack prolongs its life-span and guarantees safety, cell all has a discharge cut-off voltage.Chargeable battery also has a charging cut-ff voltage.Because the existence of lack of uniformity, during discharge, the level that capacity is little will at first reach discharge cut-off voltage, and at this moment battery pack must stop discharge, and during charging, the level that capacity is little will at first reach the charging cut-ff voltage, and at this moment battery pack must stop charging.Therefore the capacity and the life-span of battery pack equal the poorest level in each level.
In order to improve the capacity of battery pack, there is multiple balanced way to be suggested.Such as mode one, thus during discharge during serial connection charge parallel connection keep charge balancing; Mode two when charging, thereby makes the parallelly connected bypass resistance conducting of the little level of capacity that level capacious also can be full of; Mode three adopts flying capacitance in charge and discharge process, to shift electric weight from the level of high-tension level to low-voltage.Mode four is to adopt relay or electric mechanical switch and dcdc converter to make the highest level of voltage to batteries charging or make the minimum level of voltage by batteries charging.These balanced ways all have its limitation, the one, to unbalanced regulating power a little less than, be difficult to serious unbalanced battery pack is adjusted to equilibrium state, the 2nd, thereby adjustment process relates to more powerful power conversion or transfer brings energy loss.
Summary of the invention
For a little less than overcoming the existing equalization methods ability of equalization; The shortcoming that energy loss is bigger, the present invention has designed the scheme that realizes the device of dynamic equalization between cell or the submodule in the connection in series-parallel hybrid battery group charging and discharging process and balanced this balancer of control is provided; This device can dynamically be adjusted the mode that electrically connects between cell or the submodule in charge and discharge process, thereby can battery pack be adjusted near the perfect balance state; The present invention need not shift energy between cell or submodule, so efficient is high and can carry out equilibrium to serious unbalance battery pack; The cell or the submodule of parallel connection are many more in the battery pack, use the device post-equalization effect of the present invention's design good more.The present invention can be applicable to the charge and discharge balancing of batteries and ultracapacitor.The equalization discharge that also can be used for primary cell group and fuel battery.
The present invention realizes through following technical scheme.
Suppose that a battery pack that does not have a balancer contains n and multiply by m cell or submodule, wherein m cell or submodule are connected in parallel and constitute a level, n level battery pack of formation that is chained together.At this moment because there is not balancer, the capacity of battery pack and life-span equal the poorest level in each level.When being used for this battery pack to the balancer of the present invention's design, the electrical connection in the battery pack between each cell or the submodule will be no longer fixing, and the cell that each level is contained or the number of submodule depend on its capacity.Possibly be m+1 or more such as the number of contained cell of the little level of capacity or submodule, and the number of contained cell of level capacious or submodule maybe be for m-1 or still less.This number of variations the target that will reach be to make the capacity volume variance between each level as far as possible little.The balancer of the present invention's design can carry out the dynamic real-time adjustment in charge and discharge process.Realize the controlled matrix that electrically connects that needs of this adjustment; Matrix comprises a horizontally-arranged lead and a file lead; Directly do not connect between these two groups of leads; But the node intersecting has the controlled lead that can connect intersection that electrically connects, and the horizontally-arranged lead is the line that confluxes between level, and a pair of file lead is connected to the both positive and negative polarity of a cell or submodule.The controlled switching that electrically connects can determine cell or the residing level of submodule.The process of dynamic equalization is exactly to control the process of the open and-shut mode of this each node that electrically connects matrix.
Balancer and controlling schemes thereof have multiple concrete implementation in this.Various implementations all comprise two main contents: the one, confirm the algorithm of control action, and the parameter that measures when promptly how moving according to system confirms that each node is to open or close; The 2nd, how the implementation of control action promptly accomplishes the open and close controlling of specific objective node.
The simple algorithm of confirming control action can be such: control system during discharge (not drawing among the figure) is gathered the voltage of each level.Voltage difference between the minimum level of the highest level of voltage and voltage surpasses set point, and the capacity corresponding difference is shifted a cell onto voltage minimum level from the highest level of voltage during greater than half capacity of a cell or submodule.Certainly adjust for fear of frequent the coming and going of system, keep certain return difference.Because the volume change of cell or submodule is a process slowly in the battery pack, so the control action quantity that this control algolithm produced is few, is suitable for Mechatronic control system, can make the wearing and tearing of moving-member less.Control mode is opposite during charging, is about to cell and shifts the highest level of voltage onto from the minimum level of voltage.
Voltage difference during discharge between the minimum level of the highest level of voltage and voltage is less, and the capacity corresponding difference is during less than half capacity of a cell or submodule, and above-mentioned control algolithm will not produce the adjustment action.Address this problem and to adopt above-mentioned simple control algolithm to add the timesharing control algolithm.Simple control algolithm can guarantee that the capacity difference of each cell or submodule is in a small range.Equilibrium to this small size capacity difference just can be adopted the timesharing control algolithm.Just take out time and the circulation always of several cells or submodule by its length different with different level parallel connections from the highest several levels of voltage.Make the high level of voltage short with the time of its parallel connection, the level that voltage is low is long with the time of its parallel connection, and the length of parallel connection time can be come rough calculation according to the capacity that voltage reflected.This just is equivalent to, thereby the help that lets the different level of amount of capacity obtain different time length reduces the voltage difference between level.In running and the parallelly connected time of each level can carry out the adjustment of proportional integral and differential according to the change in voltage of each level, target is to make the voltage difference of each level trend towards zero.In like manner, control mode is opposite during charging, even parallelly connected time of the higher level of cell that timesharing connects or submodule and voltage is longer.
Outwardly; Timesharing control algolithm and flying capacitance method are similar; Because they all comprise the parallel connection in turn of an energy-storage travelling wave tube and different layers level, but the difference of following essence is arranged between them: the energy that electric capacity self initially carries seldom, it mainly is to shift energy at the different layers inter-stage.And the timesharing control algolithm is used for cell or the submodule of in turn parallel connection to carry energy more, and it will be pro rata distributed the energy of self to different levels.
The realization of control action can be through following some kinds of representational modes.
Mode 1 is the block mode that is slidingly connected.With there being the lead of certain rigidity to make the aforementioned controlled lead group that electrically connects file in the matrix.Respectively with a pair of file lead that the both positive and negative polarity of a cell or submodule is connected on sliding connection block of configuration, couple of conductor is as the guide rail of a sliding connection block.There are how many cells or submodule just to need how many sliding connection blocks in the battery pack.Selecting polar orientation is to make in the level group of horizontally-arranged to keep left more, and current potential is high more.So sliding connection block just must be always with the anodal line of cell or submodule and (just current potential is higher) that the keep left line conducting of confluxing, it is also always with the negative pole line of cell or submodule and (just current potential is lower) of the keeping right line conducting of confluxing simultaneously.This shows that a plurality of sliding connection blocks are in identical two when confluxing between the line and the parallel connection on electricity of the corresponding cell submodule of these sliding connection blocks.The promotion sliding connection block confluxes to different adjacent 2 horizontally-arrangeds and just is equivalent to cell or the different level of submodule access with correspondence between the line.
The simplest sliding connection block way of propelling is regularly to be promoted by the manual work adjustment.The various level charging/discharging voltage data decision adjustment scheme that when system maintenance each time, is collected in maintenance period in the past according to control system by manual work.Because the volume change of cell or submodule is a process slowly in the battery pack, artificial adjustment can be satisfied the demand.Artificial adjustment can't be accomplished also can't adopt the timesharing equalization algorithm in real time but obviously.
Sophisticated system can adopt driving element to promote sliding connection block automatically.The horizontal slip of each sliding connection block on two guide rails is one dimension.If but give one dimension driving element cost of each sliding connection block configuration will be too high.So reasonable plan is to adopt two-dimensional positioning system; Lateral positioning system is fixed on the moving meter of longitudinal register system; By the longitudinal register system lateral positioning system is dragged to suitable position, promotes sliding connection block to correct position by the moving meter of lateral positioning system.
The implementation 2 of control action is the relay matrix mode.Configuration n multiply by m double-pole single-throw (D.P.S.T.) relay in the aforementioned electric connecting matrix.Promptly connect n double-pole single-throw (D.P.S.T.) relay at a pair of file lead, this n arbitrary moment of double-pole single-throw (D.P.S.T.) relay has only a closure.Through selecting this n which closure in the double-pole single-throw (D.P.S.T.) relay, just can select corresponding cell or submodule n the residing level of level in battery pack.Certainly, each relay also can be replaced by two FETs or other power semiconductor.
The relay balancer is compared with the sliding connection block balancer and is had both advantages and disadvantages, and sliding connection block balancer complicated in mechanical structure main circuit is simple, and relay balancer main circuit complex mechanical structure is simple.
The implementation 3 of control action is an IC regime.Aforesaid controlled the electrically connecting in file lead group, horizontally-arranged lead group and crossover node place that electrically connects in the matrix all be produced on the semiconductor wafer promptly constitute the integrated circuit balancer.Electrically connecting that each is controlled can be made up of integrated FET or other integrated power semiconductor.
The integrated circuit balancer is compared with the relay balancer, and integrated circuit balancer integrated level high reliability is high, but the integrated circuit balancer need be made application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), and one-time investment is big.
Below just listed the implementation of 3 quasi-representative control actions of the present invention; In fact; Can do multiple equivalent transformation to the implementation of control action among the present invention; Such as form the controlled matrix that electrically connects with reducible key switch, drive electromagnet with the diaxon navigation system and remove to press each key switch; Also can the link group of confluxing be comprised that the both positive and negative polarity line that confluxes embeds inner surface of pipeline and is arranged in annular, at this moment aforementioned sliding connection block can replace with rotary monitoring switch; Also can the file lead be made with the elastic sheet bonding jumper; Rotatable camshaft of thin sheet of metal bar top configuration; The cam that a series of angled configurations are arranged on the camshaft; With the rotation of camshaft, thereby the diverse location of cam compressing thin sheet of metal bar reaches pairing cell of file lead or the different level of submodule access.Similarly other equivalent transformations can also have a lot, but as long as occur in the equalization methods cell or submodule are dynamically inserted different levels, just do not exceed scope of the present invention.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows,, can realize the complete equipilibrium in the battery set charge/discharge process through each cell of dynamic change or the residing level of submodule; Need not shift by the energy that carries out between cell or submodule simultaneously.The balancer consumed energy that the present invention designed is little, and efficiency advantage is especially outstanding when being used for the high battery pack of lack of uniformity.The present invention has effectively improved the capacity of battery pack, has reduced the conforming requirement of cell.Thereby relaxed in the battery production raw material and the conforming requirement of technological parameter, and then can reduce the production cost of battery.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1, the dynamo-electric dynamic equalization system diagram of battery pack
Fig. 2, lateral positioning system schematic diagram
Fig. 3, longitudinal register systematic schematic diagram
Fig. 4, electrod-array and the figure that is slidingly connected
Fig. 5, battery pack relay matrix dynamic equalization system diagram
Fig. 6, battery pack dynamic equalization integrated circuit schematic diagram
Fig. 7, controlled switching contact schematic diagram
Embodiment
Through accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is described in further detail below.
Embodiment 1
Realize the dynamic equalization of battery pack through promoting sliding connection block.
Fig. 1 is the dynamo-electric dynamic equalization system diagram of embodiment 1 battery pack.This device comprises insulating base (101), lateral positioning system (102), longitudinal register system (103), electromagnet (104), the line that confluxes (105), cell or submodule line (106), and sliding connection block (107).Insulating base (101) is the basic structural member of system, and miscellaneous part directly or indirectly leans on it to support, fix.
Shown in Figure 2 is lateral positioning system among Fig. 1; By stepping motor (201), shaft coupling (202), bearing (203); Be installed in the screw mandrel (204) on the bearing (203), receive the chute restriction on the horizontal system loading plate (305) can not rotate the electromagnet (104) that can only slide.
Shown in Figure 3 is longitudinal register system among Fig. 1, by stepping motor (301), and shaft coupling (302); Bearing (303); Be installed in the screw mandrel (304) on the bearing (303), sliding bearing (306) is installed in the horizontal system loading plate (305) on the sliding bearing (306); Rail plate (307), rail plate fixed block (308).
Shown in Figure 4 is electrod-array and sliding connection block among Fig. 1, by insulating base (101), and the line that confluxes (105); Anodal line (401); Negative pole line (402), subsequent use line (403), the anodal line (106) of cell or submodule; Cell or submodule negative pole line (404), and sliding connection block (107).(401), (105), (402) and (403) are the lead groups of horizontally-arranged, and (106) and (404) are the lead groups of file.The place of reporting to the leadship after accomplishing a task between two groups of leads isolates with insulating material, so only if through sliding connection block (107) otherwise two groups of not conductings of lead.Sliding connection block (107) has such effect, and it links to each other the cell of correspondence or the two poles of the earth of submodule respectively with adjacent two lines that conflux.Sliding connection block (107) is always with (just current potential is higher) that keep left among the anodal line (106) of cell or submodule and figure line (105) conducting of confluxing, simultaneously it also always with the negative pole line (404) of cell or submodule with scheme in (just current potential is lower) of keeping right line (105) conducting of confluxing.Rigid conductor is adopted in cell or submodule line (106) and (404), and their whiles are as the rail plate of sliding connection block (107).
Fig. 1 and detail view 2 thereof, the course of work of Fig. 3 and system shown in Figure 4 is following.
With system the two poles of the earth of the cell that will control or submodule (not drawing among the figure) connect cell or the anodal line (106) of submodule and cell or submodule negative pole line (404) respectively.Contained cell of the battery pack of a reality or submodule maybe be a lot, so the line number of the required reservation of equalizing system of a reality is the twice of maximum cell or submodule number.Corresponding cell of each sliding connection block (107) or submodule.For avoiding figure crowded, the line number that is drawn among Fig. 1 and Fig. 4 is less.Line among Fig. 1 and Fig. 4 and parts are increased the needs that can satisfy large-sized battery pack in proportion.Suppose that a battery pack contains n and takes advantage of m monomer or submodule, wherein every m monomer or submodule are connected in parallel earlier, and we are referred to as a level constitute like this one and disjunctor, and each level is chained together and constitutes the battery pack of a n level then.The line (105) that confluxes on the circuit is being exactly the bus bar between level and level.When several sliding connection blocks (107) all are between adjacent two lines that conflux (105), (401) or (402); With corresponding cell of these sliding connection blocks (107) or submodule is exactly parallelly connected on electricity, that is to say that these cells or submodule are in same level.
So promoting slide block (107) just is equivalent to shift a cell or submodule in the different levels onto with (404) slip with guide rail (106) along lead.
The detailed process that the sliding connection block (107) that promotes slides is described below.
Lateral positioning system (102) and longitudinal register system (103) collaborative work can navigate to any sliding connection block (107) top to electromagnet (104).Electromagnet (104) energising produces enough suction to the sliding connection block (107) that contains soft magnetic material and under the drive of lateral positioning system (102), promotes sliding connection block (107) and slides into correct position along the cell or the submodule line (106) that play guide rail effect simultaneously then.Electromagnet (104) outage then, sliding connection block (107) is released.
Control system (not drawing among the figure) is gathered the voltage (just per two adjacent voltages that conflux between the line) of each level.Can adopt aforementioned simple algorithm to carry out equilibrium then; Promptly, shift a cell or submodule onto that minimum level of voltage from that the highest level of voltage when the voltage difference of that minimum level of the highest that level of voltage and voltage the time above set point.Carry out dynamic equalization according to this algorithm, the uneven measurement of the capacity between each level will be no more than the capacity of a cell or submodule.Find out that easily cell or submodule that each level of battery pack is comprised are many more, dynamic equalization is afterwards more near the perfect balance state.Control system is formerly carried out on the balanced basis of simple algorithm, and it is balanced further to carry out the timesharing algorithm, so that battery pack levels off to complete equilibrium state.Must be pointed out, receive the restriction of page size, the sliding connection block of 3 levels of only having drawn among Fig. 1 and Fig. 4 and cell or submodule line.In fact the number of sliding connection block and cell or submodule must enough make conflux line (401) and negative pole of positive pole conflux and form series loop between the line (402).
Above described be the basic function of system shown in Figure 1.In fact we are easy to add some attached functions to it.The additional function 1 that can add: detect repair function.Subsequent use line (403) is access power output major loop not.So the level that cell or battery module are pushed between (402) and (403) just can not influence power output.Therefore different monomers is shifted onto between (402) and (403) in turn; Just can carry out measurements such as voltage, internal resistance, capacity to this monomer or submodule, can in time carry out modes such as pulse current charge to the lower monomer of capacity or submodule and carry out field repair through (402) and (403) two lines.
The additional function 2 that can add: inefficacy exit function.If a certain cell or submodule display voltage, internal resistance, capacity etc. in testing process in turn depart from rated value too much and can't field repair.Then can shift this cell or submodule onto discord any line that confluxes in subsequent use line (403) right side links to each other among Fig. 4 idle zone; This is equivalent to let inefficacy cell or submodule log off, and has avoided the danger that inefficacy cell or submodule are overheated in system, burn even explode.
The additional function 3 that can add: the idle function of low load.The monomer output voltage was higher when fuel cell moved under the very low situation of load.But high monomer voltage can cause high electrochemical cathode current potential and the oxidation damage of electrode material is quickened.So thereby the supply of can be when load is lower shifts partial monosomy battery or submodule idle zone onto and stopping oxidant for fuel battery makes the electrochemical cathode current potential of idle part unlikely too high.Be in load circuit (401) and (402) simultaneously thus between monomer since average output power increased and also avoided the high potential problem of oxidation.To the long-time primary cell group of using of needs, also can use similarly idle function, monomer is dropped into load circuit in batches.Because new primary cell self-discharge rate is less.Be beneficial to storage.
The additional function 4 that can add: output transform function.At first to satisfy the requirement of bearing power in the use of battery pack, secondly also will satisfy the requirement of load voltage and electric current.Can reach requirement and voltage and current generally will boost to the output of battery pack through Power Electronic Circuit undesirable the time and falls the conversion of stream or step-down up-flow at power.But this quite a few power of conversion meeting loss.The device that uses the present invention's design can be realized output transform and power hungry hardly.To make following modification to circuit shown in Figure 4 when needing the output transform function.Some short circuit slide blocks of idle area configurations on subsequent use line (403) the right.On electricity, get along well any cell or submodule of these short circuit slide blocks links to each other, and when the short circuit slide block being pushed two when confluxing between the line, the short circuit slide block is about to the adjacent two line short circuits that conflux.If so n level arranged between (401) and (402), every level has m parallelly connected monomer.Now these monomers are pushed n divided by 2 levels, each level multiply by 2 parallelly connected monomers by m to be formed.On all the other 2/n vacant levels, push the short circuit slide block then.At this moment external equivalent fan-out capability is that voltage reduces by half, thereby current doubles has realized output transform.Certainly our line that also can each bar confluxes all connects with external circuit and selects which bar to conflux line as output by relay in the external circuit or power tube then.Effect is identical but do not need the short circuit slide block like this.
The function of tonic chord of device shown in Figure 1 and the course of action of part additional function have been described above.But also have a problem to need explanation, that is exactly that how accurate in locating also moves it to target slide block top to electromagnet 4.Position fixing process can be accomplished with following several kinds of modes.
Locate mode 1: open loop location.This locate mode does not have sliding connection block and electromagnet position probing feedback function.The initial position of electromagnet and all sliding connection blocks fix and in the program of control system as initial condition.Program deposits reposition in nonvolatile memory at any time in the homeostasis process afterwards when control chart 1 shown device moves electromagnet and sliding connection block.Just can from memory read desired position in the time of need locating next time and send the corresponding mobile instruction.The open loop location is applicable to the situation that drives device shown in Figure 1 with stepping motor.Just can not alignment error as long as stepping motor is out-of-step free.
Locate mode 2: semi-loop location.Semi-loop is meant that system can be through the step-out error of feedback correction stepping motor.Feedback can be accomplished through on two motor shafts in length and breadth, loading onto two encoders that rotate.Feedback also can be accomplished through loading onto linear grating respectively in the position parallel with two motor shafts.Feedback can also be accomplished like this; Photoelectric tube is loaded onto in centre position at the longitudinal sliding motion stroke of the horizontal sliding stroke of electromagnet (104) and loading plate (305) respectively; And make (104) and (305) through the centre position of two directions in length and breadth the time light path of photoelectric tube respectively by little barrier blocking-up, thereby make the control system can be through the signal correction error of photoelectric tube.The semi-loop locate mode still will be foreseen the initial position of each sliding connection block also need store the real time position of reading each sliding connection block simultaneously.
Locate mode 2: closed loop location.Must be meant that system can detect the position of electromagnet (104) and each sliding connection block (107) by loop mapping.Thereby needn't know that their initial position also needn't store their centre position.Position probing in the closed loop location can be accomplished through following different modes.Under the condition that infrared or visible illumination are arranged, can catch image and with single-chip microcomputer image is carried out calculation process then and obtain each position component through the photoelectricity camera that is coupled.Each moving-member can coat and background between the big color of contrast or the fluorescent material contrast that improves image.Can print specific pattern on the loading plate (101) and help the image operation location.Under the condition that does not have illumination, can coat a luminescent powder or a fixing light-emitting diode and energising on the moving-member and light it, photoelectricity coupling camera can obtain the positional information of moving-member through the position of detecting specific luminous point like this.Because sliding connection block has soft magnetic material on (107), thus the variation of the winding inductance quantity that closed loop location can also be through detection electromagnet (104) confirm (104) whether be positioned at certain (107) directly over.
Under semi-loop location or closed loop location condition, can use DC servo motor, AC servo motor, Hydraulic Elements or pneumatic element to replace step motor drive device shown in Figure 1.Motion such as servomotor or Hydraulic Elements is more steady.The advantage of pneumatic element be move rapider.
The combination of electromagnet (104) and sliding connection block (107) can be accomplished through electromagnetic force with separating.Also can accomplish through following mode.Going up one of installation at electromagnet (104) can be with the flexible axle of connecting and disconnecting of the circuit.Go up somewhat larger in diameter of brill in the blind hole of this telescopic shaft at sliding connection block (107).(104) and the combination separation process of (107) be: (104) energising, telescopic shaft withdrawal, (104) arrive directly over the targets (107); (104) outage; Telescopic shaft stretches out and gets into the blind hole on (107), and (104) and (107) are moved to the target location together then, (104) energising; The telescopic shaft withdrawal is moved this sliding connection block (107) process and is accomplished.
Embodiment 2
Open and close the dynamic equalization of realizing battery pack through matrix switch.
Fig. 5 is embodiment 2 battery pack relay matrix dynamic equalization system diagrams.This system comprises insulating base (101), the line that confluxes (105), anodal line (401); Negative pole line (402), subsequent use line (403), the anodal line (106) of cell or submodule; Cell or submodule negative pole line (404) and double-pole single-throw (D.P.S.T.) relay (501).Same or similar described in the parts of same numbers label and the embodiment 1.Double-pole single-throw (D.P.S.T.) relay (501) has such effect; It links to each other the two poles of the earth of the cell of correspondence or submodule respectively and always with (just current potential is higher) that keep left among the anodal line (106) of cell or submodule and figure line (105) conducting of confluxing with adjacent two lines that conflux when its is closed, and the while, it was also always with the negative pole line (404) of cell or submodule with (just current potential is lower) of keeping right in scheming line (105) conducting of confluxing.When double-pole single-throw (D.P.S.T.) relay (501) was opened a way, its pairing cell or submodule withdrawed from the connection in series-parallel combination.(401), (105), (402) and (403) are the lead groups of horizontally-arranged, and (106) and (404) are the lead groups of file.The place of reporting to the leadship after accomplishing a task between two groups of leads isolates with insulating material, so only if through relay (501) otherwise two groups of not conductings of lead.
The course of work of system shown in Figure 5 is following.
With system the two poles of the earth of the cell that will control or submodule (not drawing among the figure) connect cell or the anodal line (106) of submodule and cell or submodule negative pole line (404) respectively.Contained cell of the battery pack of a reality or submodule maybe be a lot, so the line number of the required reservation of equalizing system of a reality is the twice of maximum cell or submodule number.Corresponding cell in every horizontally-arranged relay (501) or every pair of line (106) and (404) or submodule.For avoiding figure crowded, the line number that is drawn among Fig. 5 is less.Line and the parts of Fig. 5 are increased the needs that can satisfy large-sized battery pack in proportion.Suppose that a battery pack contains n and takes advantage of m monomer or submodule, wherein every m monomer or submodule are connected in parallel earlier, and we are referred to as a level constitute like this one and disjunctor, and each level is chained together and constitutes the battery pack of a n level then.The line (105) that confluxes on the circuit is being exactly the bus bar between level and level.When several are in relay (501) closure between adjacent two lines that conflux (105), (401) or (402); With these corresponding cells of closed relay (501) or submodule is exactly parallelly connected on electricity, that is to say that these cells or submodule are in same level.The relay of same horizontally-arranged (501) can only have a closure at most, this means that a cell or submodule can only be in the level.Different relays (501) just is equivalent to be linked into a cell or submodule in the different levels in the closed same horizontally-arranged.
So in embodiment 1, can in embodiment 2, accomplish through the relay (501) of closed this ad-hoc location through the function of sliding connection block (107) being shifted onto the ad-hoc location completion.So can be through using short-circuit relay to accomplish in embodiment 2 in embodiment 1 through the function of using the short circuit slide block to be accomplished.Short-circuit relay is not connected with any cell submodule line, when short-circuit relay is closed with adjacent two the line short circuits of confluxing.
Embodiment 2 compares with embodiment 1 and has both advantages and disadvantages, and embodiment 1 complicated in mechanical structure main circuit is simple, and embodiment 2 main circuit complex mechanical structures are simple.
Each relay (501) all needs electric current to drive its solenoid among Fig. 5.Needed electric current can be supplied with by control system.Control system can provide an electric current line another public ground of utmost point access of each relay coil simultaneously to each relay coil.Doing the line number like this can be many.Also can be with implanting addressable microchip in all relays, and all chips are connected with a pair of power line with on a pair of connection.Upper single-chip microcomputer in the control system sends the instruction that comprises address information through connection and gives all chips, and addressable microchip is promptly accomplished the action of opening or closing according to instruction after receiving the instruction that meets with self address.
Comprise the energy that the relay of addressable microchip can be directly obtains operation from the cell that is connected with it or submodule.Like this all comprise the relay of addressable microchip just can be without circumscripted power line.But because different cell or submodule are not altogether, so or relay to obtain electric energy from cell or submodule be to adopt electromagnetic isolation, perhaps to adopt photoelectricity to isolate when relay chip and upper microcontroller communication.The operation of relay only needed upper single-chip microcomputer is unidirectional to be sent instruction and get final product; So a kind of feasible method is that an infrared receiving terminal is installed on all relays, connects an infrared emission head on the upper single-chip microcomputer and can accomplish the one-way communication to all relays.Relay directly can bring an extra security advantage from the energy that the cell that is connected with it or submodule obtain operation; Control program can order each cell or submodule hit-on-the-line are broken away from battery pack, and then send instruction and let this monomer or submodule connect back original position.If this monomer or submodule brownout in this process can't take back original position thereby its affiliated relay will lose operating energy.This monomer or submodule that just makes voltage be lower than dangerous numerical value breaks away from battery pack automatically.
Relay also can substitute with solid-state semiconductor relay that does not have solenoid or FET constant power device.
Embodiment 3
Realize the dynamic equalization of battery pack through integrated circuit.
Fig. 6 is embodiment 3 battery pack dynamic equalization integrated circuit modules figure.This circuit comprises the load positive pole line (601) that confluxes, the load negative pole line (602) that confluxes, and subsequent use line (603), line (604) confluxes between level; Controlled switching node (605), the anodal line (606) of cell or submodule, cell or submodule negative pole line (607); PORT COM line (608) and (609), electric voltage observation circuit (610), decoding circuit (611) (controlling all controlled switching nodes (605)); Chip power (612), earth terminal (613), and power circuit (614).
Fig. 7 is a kind of typical structure of each controlled switching node (605).It comprises FET (701), drain electrode line (703), source electrode line (704), the parasitic diode (702) of gate trace (705) and FET.When controlled switching node (605) and cell or the anodal line of submodule (606) during at same horizontally-arranged, (703) are connected with (607), and (704) are connected with the line that confluxes.When controlled switching node (605) and cell or submodule negative pole line (607) during at same horizontally-arranged, (703) are connected with the line that confluxes, and (704) are connected with (607).
Fig. 6 and integrated circuit working method shown in Figure 7 are following.
Gate trace (705) receives the control of decoding circuit (611).When (611) were accepted instruction and provided a high potential to (705), controlled switching node (605) closure provided one than electronegative potential during to (705) when instruction is accepted in (611), and controlled switching node (605) is opened.
Between per two adjacent lines that conflux (601), (602) or (604) is a level.The line of cell or submodule (606) and (607) through controlled switching node (605) thus inserting selected two confluxes and adds the outside circuit supply of specific level between the line.The current potential of the line because positive pole confluxes (601) is the highest, so have no the negative pole (607) of monomer or submodule to be connected with (601).So only need on the node of (601) and (606), dispose controlled switching node.Similar reason, the controllable node that (602) only need (607) to link to each other, the controllable node that (603) also only need link to each other with (606).
Such rule is followed in the switching of controlled switching node (605); Promptly always with (just current potential is higher) that keep left among the anodal line (606) of cell or submodule and figure line (604) conducting of confluxing, simultaneously it also always with the negative pole line (607) of cell or submodule with scheme in (just current potential is lower) of keeping right line (604) conducting of confluxing.When all controllable node (605) that link to each other with a certain cell submodule when all being in open-circuit condition, this cell or submodule withdraw from the connection in series-parallel combination.When the both positive and negative polarity line that links to each other with a certain cell submodule is distinguished only with (602), (603) connection, in the also no longer main load circuit of this cell or submodule.At this moment can be through (602) and (603) to this cell or submodule is measured and reparation etc.(601), (604), (602) and (603) are the conductor groups of horizontally-arranged, and (606) and (607) are the conductor groups of file.The place of reporting to the leadship after accomplishing a task between two groups of conductors isolates with insulating material, so only if through controllable node (605) otherwise two groups of not conductings of conductor.
System shown in Figure 6 is following to the course of work of battery pack balancing.
With system the two poles of the earth of the cell that will control or submodule (not drawing among the figure) connect cell or the anodal line (606) of submodule and cell or submodule negative pole line (607) respectively.Contained cell of the battery pack of a reality or submodule maybe be a lot, so the line number of the required reservation of equalizing system of a reality is the twice of maximum cell or submodule number.Corresponding cell in per 2 horizontally-arranged controllable node (605) or every group of line (606) and (607) or submodule.For avoiding figure crowded, the line number that is drawn among Fig. 6 is less.Line and the parts of Fig. 6 are increased the needs that can satisfy large-sized battery pack in proportion.Suppose that a battery pack contains n and takes advantage of m monomer or submodule, wherein every m monomer or submodule are connected in parallel earlier, and we are referred to as a level constitute like this one and disjunctor, and each level is chained together and constitutes the battery pack of a n level then.The line (604) that confluxes on the circuit is being exactly the bus bar between level and level.When several are in adjacent in twos controllable node (605) between adjacent two lines that conflux (601), (604) or (602) when closed; With these corresponding cells of closed node (605) or submodule is exactly parallelly connected on electricity, that is to say that these cells or submodule are in same level.Must satisfy a cell during closed node (605) or submodule can only insert in the level with correct polarity.Closed two nodes (605) with diverse location in corresponding two row just are equivalent to be linked into a cell or submodule in the different levels.
So in embodiment 1, can in embodiment 3, accomplish through two nodes (605) of closed this ad-hoc location through the function of sliding connection block (107) being shifted onto the ad-hoc location completion.So in embodiment 1, can in embodiment 3, accomplish through the controlled short circuit nodes of several rows (not drawing among the figure) are set through the function of using the short circuit slide block to be accomplished.One group of per two row of controlled short circuit node are not connected with any cell submodule line, and controlled short circuit node is closed can be with any two the line conductings of confluxing.
Embodiment 3 compares with embodiment 2, and embodiment 3 integrated level high reliability are high, but embodiment 3 needs the manufacturing application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), and one-time investment is big.
Content described in the above embodiment is merely the present invention's some representational implementations under conceiving.In fact, the people who understands this area can know that these implementations can have multiple variation but not break away from essence of the present invention.Can have such as concrete implementation but be not limited in following variation: change 1; In embodiment 1; Because the capacity attenuation of cell or submodule is a process slowly normally, so the adjustment of team's sliding connection block in this embodiment also can regularly artificial completion, the motion positions parts in the system can omit like this; Thereby reduce cost, such cost of paying is that balanced real-time reduces.Change 2; The main power output loop of the balance module of a plurality of embodiment 1, embodiment 2 and embodiment 3 can directly carry out hardwired connection in series-parallel combination also can form multilevel control system, i.e. the output of next stage balance module is connected to the input of upper level balance module.The benefit of doing like this is that a big battery pack can be controlled with several little balance modules, thereby is convenient to standard module is used for the system of different sizes.
Can also make multiple similar conversion according to technical scheme of the present invention, these conversion all should belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. battery pack dynamic balancing device is characterized in that in its battery pack of controlling that each cell or submodule be not except that through directly electrically connecting this balancer; This balancer can dynamically be adjusted the mode that electrically connects between each cell or the submodule in charge and discharge process, thereby the connection in series-parallel state that just changes cell or submodule in the battery pack reaches and makes battery pack be tending towards balanced purpose.
2. battery pack dynamic balancing device according to claim 1; It is characterized in that this balancer comprises cell or the anodal line (106) of submodule, cell or submodule negative pole line (404), sliding connection block (107); Line (105) confluxes; The positive pole line (401) that confluxes, negative pole conflux line (402) and subsequent use line (403); Adjacent confluxing between the line is a level; The cell of same level or submodule are in parallelly connected state; Sliding connection block (107) is through sliding the cell or the different level of submodule access of correspondence; Control system is gathered the voltage of each level in the battery power discharge process; When the voltage difference between the minimum level of the highest level of voltage and voltage surpasses set point, a cell or submodule are linked into the minimum level of voltage from the highest level of voltage; When the voltage difference between the minimum level of the highest level of voltage and voltage is no more than set point; With different level parallel connection and make the parallelly connected time of the lower level of they and voltage longer, specifically the time can be carried out proportional integral and differential adjusting so that battery pack trends towards complete equilibrium according to each level voltage with several cells or submodule timesharing; The slip of sliding connection block (107) can be accomplished automatically also and can be adjusted by manual regular; The battery pack of equilibrium during discharge also is near balanced during charging, the connected mode in the time of can keeping discharge during charging; In the time must charging dynamic equalization; Opposite when regulating direction with discharge, be about to cell or submodule from the minimum level of voltage shift the highest level of voltage onto make cell that timesharing connects or time that level that submodule and voltage are higher is parallelly connected longer; The main power output loop of a plurality of balance modules can directly carry out connection in series-parallel or thereby multilevel control system formed in the input that the output of next stage balance module is connected to the upper level balance module controlled big battery pack; The link group of will confluxing comprises that the both positive and negative polarity line that confluxes embeds inner surface of pipeline and is arranged in annular and replaces portfolio effect constant with rotary monitoring switch sliding connection block.
3. battery pack dynamic balancing device according to claim 2 is characterized in that, adopts the diaxon navigation system to promote sliding connection block (107); This device comprises lateral positioning system (102); Longitudinal register system (103), electromagnet (104) and horizontal system loading plate (305); The driving element of navigation system can be motor, linear electric motors or the hydropneumatic components that rotates; The diaxon navigation system navigates to electromagnet (104) directly over the specific sliding connection block (107), and electromagnet (104) combines and move to new position together to separate then with sliding connection block (107) then; Can go up at sliding connection block (107) and embed soft magnetic material, the combination of electromagnet (104) and sliding connection block (107) can be accomplished through electromagnetic force with separating purely; Also can go up and install one with the flexible axle of changes of magnetic field at electromagnet (104); Go up to bore a somewhat larger in diameter in the blind hole of this telescopic shaft at sliding connection block (107), the combination of electromagnet (104) and sliding connection block (107) separates to be gone into to withdraw from this blind hole through this shaft extension and reaches.
4. battery pack dynamic balancing device according to claim 3; It is characterized in that; Lateral positioning system (102) comprises stepping motor (201), shaft coupling (202), bearing (203); Be installed in the screw mandrel (204) on the bearing (203), receive chute restriction on the horizontal system loading plate (305) can not rotate can only translation electromagnet (104); The longitudinal register system comprises stepping motor (301), shaft coupling (302), bearing (303); Be installed in the screw mandrel (304) on the bearing (303), sliding bearing (306) is installed in the horizontal system loading plate (305) on the sliding bearing (306); Rail plate (307), rail plate fixed block (308); The stepping motor that drives navigation system can be replaced by direct current or AC servo motor, and at this moment two rotate encoders or coming feedback position information with the motor shaft parallel direction linear grating being installed need be installed on two motor shafts in length and breadth; Go up to embed soft magnetic material at sliding connection block (107), the variation of the winding inductance quantity that control system can be through detecting electromagnet (104) confirm whether electromagnet (104) is positioned at certain sliding connection block (107) thus directly over help locate; Control system also can be through obtaining all sliding connection blocks (107) and electromagnet (104) initial position message and will accomplish new location information after moving at every turn and write nonvolatile storage and help locate.
5. battery pack dynamic balancing device according to claim 3 is characterized in that, uses photoelectricity coupling camera to catch image and with single-chip microcomputer image is carried out calculation process then and obtain each position component; Can use infrared or visible light source provides illumination to obtain image; Can coat on each moving-member and background between the big color of contrast or the fluorescent material definition that improves image; Can print specific pattern on the loading plate (101) and help single-chip microcomputer computing location; Also can not use infrared or the visible light source illumination; And coat emission different wave length light wave on each moving-member constitute the luminescent powder of difformity pattern or fixing respectively on the light-emitting diode and the energising of particular color or given shape light it, can position moving-member through the photoelectricity position that camera detects specific luminous point or pattern that is coupled like this.
6. battery pack dynamic balancing device according to claim 1 is characterized in that this balancer comprises insulating base (101), the line that confluxes (105); The positive pole line (401) that confluxes; The negative pole line (402) that confluxes, subsequent use line (403), anodal connect (106) of cell or submodule; Cell or submodule negative pole line (404) and double-pole single-throw (D.P.S.T.) relay (501); Double-pole single-throw (D.P.S.T.) relay (501) inserts different levels through cell or the submodule that opens and closes correspondence; Can adopt FET constant power semiconductor device to replace double-pole single-throw (D.P.S.T.) relay (501).
7. battery pack dynamic balancing device according to claim 6 is characterized in that, in each relay (501), implants a control chip, writes unique address information in each control chip in advance; Can all this control chips be connected with a pair of power line with on a pair of connection; Upper single-chip microcomputer sends the instruction that comprises address information through shared connection and gives all these control chips, and this control chip is promptly accomplished the action of opening or closing according to instruction after receiving the instruction that meets with self address; Also can an infrared receiving terminal be installed on the built-in addressable control chip of each relay (501) and remove shared connection, at this moment upper single-chip microcomputer can send instruction to all these control chips through infrared emission head.
8. battery pack dynamic balancing device according to claim 7 is characterized in that, the energy that relay (501) and built-in addressable control chip thereof directly obtain operation from the cell that links to each other or submodule.Control program sends the instruction that hit-on-the-line breaks away from battery pack in turn to each cell or submodule and instructs it to take back original position then; Like this cell of brownout or submodule break away from corresponding relays (501) after the battery pack thereby and built-in addressable control chip will lose operating energy and can't receive and carry out the instruction that takes back original position and avoided the cell of brownout or submodule to stay the danger that causes in the battery pack.
9. battery pack dynamic balancing device according to claim 1 is characterized in that this balancer comprises the positive pole line (601) that confluxes, the negative pole line (602) that confluxes; Subsequent use line (603), the line (604) that confluxes between level, controlled switching node (605); The anodal line (606) of cell or submodule, cell or submodule negative pole line (607), PORT COM line (608) and (609); Electric voltage observation circuit (610), decoding circuit (611) (controlling all controlled switching nodes (605)), chip power line (612); Earth terminal (613), and power circuit (614); Switching through controlled switching node (605) can insert different levels with the cell or the submodule of correspondence; Controlled switching node (605) can be made up of integrated FET or other integrated power semiconductor.
10. according to claim 1; Claim 6, or the described battery pack dynamic balancing device of claim 9 is characterized in that; This device can also be realized following some additional functions under the condition that increases system complexity hardly except that the major function with battery capacity balance; Detect repair function; Cell or submodule are inserted negative pole in turn to conflux between line (402) and the subsequent use line (403) or the conflux level of line (602) and subsequent use line (603) of negative pole; In this level this monomer or submodule are carried out measurements such as voltage, internal resistance, capacity, can in time carry out modes such as pulse current charge to the lower monomer of capacity or submodule and carry out field repair; The inefficacy exit function; If a certain cell or submodule display voltage, internal resistance, capacity etc. in testing process in turn depart from rated value too much and can't field repair, thereby then break off this cell or submodule withdraws from load circuit with making it being connected of any line that confluxes; The idle function of low load, the system harmful to low loads such as fuel cells, when total load hang down, thereby the supply that is connected and stops oxidant of breaking part cell or submodule and main load circuit avoids hanging down the damage that loaded work piece causes; The output transform function; The cell or the submodule of a certain or a few levels all are assigned to other levels; With vacant level short circuit or select the new line that confluxes as output, this conversion can make the voltage and current output characteristic of battery pack and concrete applied environment be complementary then.
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| CN2010102208877A CN102315658A (en) | 2010-07-06 | 2010-07-06 | Dynamic balancing device and balancing method for battery pack |
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| CN102624049A (en) * | 2012-03-14 | 2012-08-01 | 曹秉刚 | Switching system for active equalization of battery |
| CN103094969A (en) * | 2013-02-08 | 2013-05-08 | 深圳市沃特玛电池有限公司 | Battery equalization device |
| CN103683359A (en) * | 2012-09-21 | 2014-03-26 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Battery equalization method for battery pack and battery management system |
| CN106608193A (en) * | 2015-10-23 | 2017-05-03 | 深圳格林德能源有限公司 | Super intelligent dynamic series-parallel connection and ultimate self balancing power system |
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| CN102624049A (en) * | 2012-03-14 | 2012-08-01 | 曹秉刚 | Switching system for active equalization of battery |
| CN103683359A (en) * | 2012-09-21 | 2014-03-26 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Battery equalization method for battery pack and battery management system |
| CN103683359B (en) * | 2012-09-21 | 2016-03-30 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | The battery equalization method of battery pack and battery management system |
| CN103094969A (en) * | 2013-02-08 | 2013-05-08 | 深圳市沃特玛电池有限公司 | Battery equalization device |
| CN103094969B (en) * | 2013-02-08 | 2015-12-02 | 深圳市沃特玛电池有限公司 | A kind of battery equalization device |
| CN106608193B (en) * | 2015-10-23 | 2019-01-18 | 深圳格林德能源有限公司 | A kind of series-parallel dynamical system with ultimate self-balancing of supper-intelligent dynamic |
| CN106608193A (en) * | 2015-10-23 | 2017-05-03 | 深圳格林德能源有限公司 | Super intelligent dynamic series-parallel connection and ultimate self balancing power system |
| CN106941268A (en) * | 2016-01-05 | 2017-07-11 | 陈生泰 | The battery system of monoblock battery is monitored and changed at any time |
| CN107215225A (en) * | 2017-06-07 | 2017-09-29 | 深圳市奈士迪技术研发有限公司 | A kind of new-energy automobile power supply with self-checking function |
| CN107508006A (en) * | 2017-07-24 | 2017-12-22 | 中航锂电（江苏）有限公司 | A kind of automatic equalization battery tray |
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| CN112805858A (en) * | 2018-08-13 | 2021-05-14 | 威斯克航空有限责任公司 | Capacitance reduction in battery systems |
| CN109765171A (en) * | 2019-01-15 | 2019-05-17 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of outer detection device of self-action Buried Pipeline |
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Application publication date: 20120111 |