CN102309361A - 弹性支撑体及其制造方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种弹性支撑体及其制造方法。其中,该方法是先将金属丝缠绕成螺旋弹簧状,再将该螺旋弹簧状的金属丝缠绕成网状形成丝网,然后将丝网置入模具中模制成型。本发明的弹性支撑体不但制造方法简单,而且在成型时可以根据需要控制该弹性支撑体的弹性和硬度,可塑性好,能与接触表面随形贴合。
Description
技术领域
本发明有关于用于医疗手术中的弹性内植物,具体地讲,有关于一种弹性支撑体及其制造方法。
背景技术
目前,用于骨科医疗手术中的骨结合物和支撑体,例如固定螺钉、人工椎间盘、棘突间撑开器、椎间融合器、人工髓核、或骨缺损填充块等,大多采用金属材料或高分子材料制成,其弹性和硬度均由材料决定,弹性和硬度不容易控制,可塑性比较差,不容易与接触表面随形贴合,并且也不容易与骨很好的融合。
例如:金属固定螺钉,在使用中,是与骨表面或其他金属组件刚性接触,难以完全贴合;现有的金属或高分子材料的人工椎间盘或椎间融合器的形状均不可以根据人体载荷和所接触组织的特性而随机改变;现有的各种材质的骨缺损填充块均不具有随形变化的性能,难以满足充分填充的要求。无论是金属或高分子材料的上述内植物由于其致密的结构,无孔隙状结构,不利于周围骨组织向植入体内内向性生长,从而难以达到植入体与周围骨组织的整合。
另外,在一些外科手术中,为减小手术创伤,有人采用具有记忆功能的钛镍合金丝制成所需的形状来形成扩张器、支架、封堵器等植入物,例如:专利号为95243361.3的中国实用新型专利提供了一种外科形状记忆合金扩张器,申请号为200610025669.0的中国发明专利提供了一种Y型镍钛合金气管网状编制支架及其制作方法,专利号为03229648.7的中国实用新型专利提供了一种非对称心室间隔缺损封堵器。这些采用钛镍合金丝制成的植入物,都需要在特定的温度条件下形成所需的形状,成型形状也都比较单一,同时需要个性加工,不能大批量生产,成本高;并且只是利用NiTi合金的自身弹性特点控制尺寸,可控性差,效果难以在操作过程中判断;用途也比较单一,只能用于特定的使用场合,不能用于骨科。
因此,有必要提供一种新型的医用弹性支撑体,来克服或改善上述现有医用弹性植入物存在的缺陷。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,提供一种弹性支撑体及其制造方法,不但制造方法简单,而且在成型时可以根据需要控制该弹性支撑体的弹性和硬度,可塑性好,能与接触表面随形贴合。
本发明的上述目的可采用如下技术方案来实现:一种弹性支撑体的制造方法,将金属丝缠绕成螺旋弹簧状,将该螺旋弹簧状的金属丝缠绕成网状形成丝网,然后将丝网置入模具中模制成型。
本发明上述方法中的金属丝可为钛合金丝。这样,利用钛合金的特性,使得制成的弹性支撑体具有与人体组织有良好的生物相容性。还可进一步在金属丝表面涂布有骨生长诱导或抑制物质、药物涂层,以利于骨生长和融合,或避免骨的过度生长。
在本发明的上述方法中,依据不同的用途,空隙,硬度和强度要求,将直径可0.1mm~0.5mm金属丝压缩成不同密度的网状体。
在上述方法中,可将金属丝在弹簧机上缠成螺旋弹簧状。
在上述方法中,在缠绕成螺旋弹簧状后,可将螺旋弹簧状金属丝拉伸到螺距是直径的3倍。
在上述方法中,可将螺旋弹簧状金属丝在一板上缠绕成网状,然后从该板上取下后,形成丝网。可采用如下方式来将螺旋弹簧状金属丝缠绕在所述板上,先按一个方向将螺旋弹簧状金属丝螺旋缠绕在所述板上,然后再反向螺旋缠绕,如此反复,在板上缠绕形成所需密度的丝网。在一个可选的例子中,在所述板上缠绕螺旋弹簧状金属丝时,可以使得在同一方向上,下一次缠绕的螺距为上一次缠绕的螺距的一半,这样可以获得密度比较均一的丝网。
在本发明的方法中,对于没有孔的弹性支撑体,可以将丝网卷在一起后,直接放置到模具中模制成型。
在本发明的方法中,对于中间有孔的弹性支撑体,可以将丝网卷绕到模具的芯轴上后,在模具中模制成型。
本发明还提供了一种采用上述方法制造的弹性支撑体。该弹性支撑体为骨螺钉垫片、棘突间撑开器、椎间融合器、人工髓核、骨接合或骨缺损填充块。
在本发明的弹性支撑体中,可在金属丝表面附加有骨生长诱导物质涂层或骨生长抑制物质涂层或药物涂层。在该弹性支撑体的孔隙中可植入有载有骨生长诱导物质或骨生长抑制物质或药物的缓释微粒。
采用本发明的上述骨科用弹性支撑体的制造方法及其制成的弹性支撑体,由于是将螺旋弹簧状的金属丝支撑网状后通过模具模制成型,不但制造工艺简单,而且可以根据需要成型出多种形状,降低了制造成本,并使得应用范围更为广泛。同时,由于金属丝为螺旋弹簧状,本身就具有弹性,具有可变的弹性和硬度,在制造时可以通过设定螺旋弹簧状金属丝的螺距、丝网的密度、模制成型时的压力等来控制制成的弹性支撑体的弹性和硬度,更容易适合治疗的实际需要。并且,由于金属丝自身的属性,使得制成的弹性支撑体具有一定的可塑性,可与接触表面随形贴合。同时采用本发明的制造方法制成的弹性支撑体,密布“迷宫”状空隙,为骨再生提供了更大的空间和支架,适宜骨再生,从而可以达到骨融合的目的。孔隙状结构也可为其他治疗性药物或组织因子起到载体的作用。粗糙的表面也可涂布或荷载促进骨生长的物质(例如骨生长蛋白、肽、激素等)。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明的金属丝缠绕成螺旋弹簧状的示意图;
图2为本发明的螺旋弹簧状金属丝拉伸成所需螺距后的结构示意图;
图3为本发明的螺旋弹簧状金属丝缠绕在板上的结构示意图;
图4为从板上取下的丝网结构示意图;
图5为将丝网缠绕在模具芯轴上的结构示意图;
图6-图12A为几种本发明的弹性支撑体结构示意图;
图13为本发明的弹性支撑体作为垫片安装在骨螺钉上的结构示意图;
图14为本发明的弹性支撑体用作人工椎间盘和棘突撑开器的一个例子示意图;
图15为本发明的弹性支撑体用作椎间融合器或椎间填充块的一个例子示意图;
图16为本发明的弹性支撑体用作人工髓核的一个例子示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
如图1-图16所示,本发明提供了一种骨科用弹性支撑体1的制造方法及采用该制造方法制成的弹性支撑体1。其中,弹性支撑体1的制造方法是先将金属丝缠绕成螺旋弹簧状(参照图1所示),再将该螺旋弹簧状的金属丝11缠绕成网状形成丝网12(参照图4所示),然后将丝网12置入模具中模制成型,形成所需形状的弹性支撑体1(参照图6-图12A所示)。
这样,由于制成弹性支撑体的基材为螺旋弹簧状的金属丝,其本身就具有弹性,具有可变的弹性和硬度,在制造时可以通过设定螺旋弹簧状金属丝的螺距、丝网的密度、模制成型时的压力等来控制制成的弹性支撑体的弹性和硬度,更容易适合治疗的实际需要。并且,由于金属丝自身的属性,使得制成的弹性支撑体具有一定的可塑性,可与接触表面随形贴合。同时本发明的弹性支撑体密布“迷宫”状空隙,为骨传导性生长提供了更大的空间和支架,适宜骨再生,从而可以达到骨融合的目的。
在本发明上述方法的一个可选例子中,可将金属丝在弹簧机上缠成螺旋弹簧状,如图1所示。该螺旋弹簧状的金属丝11的长度可以根据需要确定,例如可以是1000mm以上。如图2所示,在缠绕成螺旋弹簧状后,可将螺旋弹簧状金属丝11拉伸到所需的螺距,形成制造弹性支撑体1的基材。例如图2所示的具体例子中,是拉伸到螺距是直径的3倍。
如图3、图4所示,在上述方法的一个可选例子中,可将螺旋弹簧状金属丝11在一板2上缠绕成网状,然后从该板2上取下后,形成丝网12。在一个具体的例子中,可采用如下方式来将螺旋弹簧状金属丝11缠绕在所述板12上,先按一个方向将螺旋弹簧状金属丝11螺旋缠绕在所述板2上,然后再反向螺旋缠绕,如此反复,在板2上缠绕形成所需密度的丝网。其中缠绕的次数和每次缠绕的螺距可以根据实际需要确定。在一个可选的例子中,在所述板2上缠绕螺旋弹簧状金属丝11时,可以使得在同一方向上,下一次缠绕的螺距为上一次缠绕的螺距的一半,这样形成丝网12的网眼大小比较均一,可以获得密度比较均一的丝网12。例如,对于宽度为30mm的板2,在其上缠绕螺旋弹簧状金属丝11时,可以按照第一圈螺距为30mm、第二圈螺距为15mm的规律依此递减,从而形成密度均一的丝网12。
上述通过将螺旋弹簧状金属丝11缠绕在板2上形成丝网12的方式,仅是一种具体示例,本领域技术人员可以理解,本发明并不局限于此种方式,也可以采用其它的方式来形成丝网12,例如编织等,只要能够形成丝网即可,其具体方式不做限制。
本发明上述方法的可选例子中,金属丝可采用为钛合金丝。这样,利用钛合金的特性,使得制成的弹性支撑体1具有与人体组织良好的生物相容性。当然,本领域技术人员可以理解,该金属丝并不局限于钛合金丝,也可以采用其它的适合的金属材料。在本发明的弹性支撑体1应用于骨科中时,为了有利于固生长,还可进一步在金属丝表面形成有骨生长诱导物质涂层或骨生长抑制物质和/或药物涂层。该涂层可以采用喷涂或涂层加工的方式来形成。例如:在该弹性支撑体的表面结构均匀涂布促进或抑制骨生长的生物活性因子(蛋白、肽类等)、促进或抑制骨生长的药物(激素等)、控制感染的药物(抗生素等);或在该弹性支撑体的迷宫状孔隙中植入载有上述物质的缓释微粒。或在该弹性支撑体的表面结构涂布促进骨融合的物质,例如磷酸钙、羟基磷灰石等。该载(涂布)药(物)工艺可在弹性体成型前或成型后进行。
在本发明的上述方法中,金属丝的直径可为0.1mm~0.2mm。
如图6-图12A给出了几种采用本发明上述方法制成的弹性支撑体1。该弹性支撑体1形成为需要的各种形状。图6和图6A给出一种带有中心孔的圆形弹性支撑体1的例子;图7、图7A给出了一种带有中心孔的椭圆形弹性支撑体1的例子。这两种弹性支撑体1可以具体作为如图13所示的骨螺钉的垫片,可以用于脊柱小关节微创固定术中,该垫片的使用能更好地适应脊柱小关节特殊复杂的解剖表面,达到稳妥固定的效果。图8、图8A、图9、图9A给出了两种带有孔的特殊形状的弹性支撑体1的例子,可以根据需要用作椎间融合器、椎间填充物等。在本发明的方法中,对于中间有孔的弹性支撑体1,在成型时,可以先将丝网12卷绕到模具的芯轴3上后,然后在模具中模制成型。成型后,从模具的芯轴3上取下,即可形成带有孔的弹性支撑体1。
如图10、图10A、图11、图11A、图12、图12A给出了几种不带孔的弹性支撑体1的例子,其形状分别为方形、圆形和椭圆形。当然本领域技术人员可以理解,这仅是几种示例,实际使用中,可以根据需要形成各种所需的形状,而不限于上面列举的形状。在本发明的方法中,对于没有孔的弹性支撑体1,可以将丝网12卷在一起后,放置到模具中直接模制成型。
如图13-图16所示,给出了本发明的弹性支撑体1的几种应用例。图13给出了弹性支撑体1用作骨螺钉垫片的例子。图14给出了该弹性支撑体1用作人工椎间盘和棘突撑开器的一个例子;图15给出了弹性支撑体1用作椎间融合器或椎间填充块的一个例子;图16给出了弹性支撑体1用作人工髓核的一个例子。当然,本领域技术人员可以理解,本发明的弹性支撑体1并不限于上述列举的几种例子,该弹性支撑体1也可以用于其它适合的应用场合中。
本发明的上述描述仅为示例性的属性,因此没有偏离本发明要旨的各种变形理应在本发明的范围之内。这些变形不应被视为偏离本发明的精神和范围。
Claims (14)
1.一种弹性支撑体的制造方法,其特征在于,该方法是先将金属丝缠绕成螺旋弹簧状,再将该螺旋弹簧状的金属丝缠绕成网状形成丝网,然后将丝网置入模具中模制成型。
2.如权利要求1所述的弹性支撑体的制造方法,其特征在于,所述金属丝为钛合金丝。
3.如权利要求1所述的弹性支撑体的制造方法,其特征在于,金属丝的直径为0.1mm~0.2mm。
4.如权利要求1所述的弹性支撑体的制造方法,其特征在于,将金属丝在弹簧机上缠成螺旋弹簧状。
5.如权利要求1所述的弹性支撑体的制造方法,其特征在于,在缠绕成螺旋弹簧状后,将螺旋弹簧状金属丝拉伸到所需的螺距。
6.如权利要求1所述的弹性支撑体的制造方法,其特征在于,将螺旋弹簧状金属丝在一板上缠绕成网状,然后从该板上取下后,形成丝网。
7.如权利要求1所述的弹性支撑体的制造方法,其特征在于,采用如下方式来将螺旋弹簧状金属丝缠绕在所述板上,先按一个方向将螺旋弹簧状金属丝螺旋缠绕在所述板上,然后再反向螺旋缠绕,如此反复,在板上缠绕形成所需密度的丝网。
8.如权利要求7所述的弹性支撑体的制造方法,其特征在于,在所述板上缠绕螺旋弹簧状金属丝时,使得在同一方向上,下一次缠绕的螺距为上一次缠绕的螺距的一半。
9.如权利要求1所述的弹性支撑体的制造方法,其特征在于,在形成丝网后,先将丝网卷在一起,然后再放置到模具中模制成型。
10.如权利要求1所述的弹性支撑体的制造方法,其特征在于,在形成丝网后,先将丝网卷绕到模具的芯轴上,再在模具中模制成型。
11.一种采用权利要求1-10任一项权利要求所述的弹性支撑体的制造方法制成的弹性支撑体。
12.如权利要求11所述的弹性支撑体,其特征在于,该弹性支撑体为骨螺钉垫片或棘突间撑开器或椎间融合器或人工髓核或骨接合填充块或骨缺损填充块。
13.如权利要求11所述的弹性支撑体,其特征在于,在金属丝表面形成有骨生长诱导物质涂层或骨生长抑制物质涂层或药物涂层。
14.如权利要求11所述的弹性支撑体,其特征在于,在该弹性支撑体的孔隙中植入有载有骨生长诱导物质或骨生长抑制物质或药物的缓释微粒。
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