CN102308420A - Combined heat and power cogeneration system for a fuel cell, and control method thereof - Google Patents

Combined heat and power cogeneration system for a fuel cell, and control method thereof Download PDF

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CN102308420A
CN102308420A CN2010800071168A CN201080007116A CN102308420A CN 102308420 A CN102308420 A CN 102308420A CN 2010800071168 A CN2010800071168 A CN 2010800071168A CN 201080007116 A CN201080007116 A CN 201080007116A CN 102308420 A CN102308420 A CN 102308420A
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power
fuel cell
production
commercial
electric
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CN102308420B (en
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金淏硕
洪炳善
辛美男
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Doosan Corp
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FUELCELL POWER Inc
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04992Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the implementation of mathematical or computational algorithms, e.g. feedback control loops, fuzzy logic, neural networks or artificial intelligence
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24DDOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D18/00Small-scale combined heat and power [CHP] generation systems specially adapted for domestic heating, space heating or domestic hot-water supply
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24DDOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D10/00District heating systems
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24DDOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2101/00Electric generators of small-scale CHP systems
    • F24D2101/30Fuel cells
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24DDOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/16Waste heat
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/40Combination of fuel cells with other energy production systems
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/40Combination of fuel cells with other energy production systems
    • H01M2250/405Cogeneration of heat or hot water
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04858Electric variables
    • H01M8/04925Power, energy, capacity or load
    • H01M8/0494Power, energy, capacity or load of fuel cell stacks
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B90/00Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02B90/10Applications of fuel cells in buildings
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/14Combined heat and power generation [CHP]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P80/00Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
    • Y02P80/10Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier
    • Y02P80/15On-site combined power, heat or cool generation or distribution, e.g. combined heat and power [CHP] supply

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

A combined heat and power cogeneration system for a fuel cell according to the present invention comprises: a fuel cell that produces direct current power using fuel gas containing hydrogen and air containing oxygen; a power converter which converts the direct current power produced by the fuel cell into alternating current power; a power divider which selects commercial power from an electric power system and power produced by the fuel cell and divides the selected power into loads; a waste heat recovery unit for recovering heat generated by the fuel cell; and a fuel cell controller which controls the fuel cell, the power converter, the power divider, and the waste heat recovery unit, and controls the commercial power such that the price of the commercial power and the price of the produced power coincide with each other at a preset level.

Description

Fuel cell co-generation unit and control method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fuel cell co-generation unit, more specifically, the electric power that relates between a kind of production electric power of eliminating fuel cell and user's the load electric is unbalance, thereby has the fuel cell co-generation unit and the control method thereof of economy.
Background technology
For example; Fuel cell uses hydrocarbon type of generating raw material (LNG; LPG etc.) fuel treating equipment is mid-change hydrogen-rich reformed gas into after, reformation gas and airborne oxygen are together supplied to fuel cell pack, and then produce direct current through electrochemical reaction; And utilize electric power converter to convert said direct current into alternating current, the heat that produces in the power production process is reclaimed and is stored in the water of heat storage slot.
Korean Patent discloses a kind of fuel cell system that can turn round according to load for No. 0661920.Said fuel cell system comprises: fuel supply unit, and it is used to regulate the quantity delivered of generating raw material; The air feed unit, it is used to regulate the air quantity delivered; The electricity output unit, it is used for the electric power that the convert fuel battery pile is produced, to supply to load; The power measurement unit, it is used for measuring simultaneously the electric energy supplement that is supplied to the afterwards last dump energy of load and supplied with through source power supply by electric output unit; And control unit, its calculating is poor by detected dump energy in power measurement unit and electric energy supplement, with the power generation amount of fuel metering battery pile.
But this fuel cell system is not that economy is judged to the ratio of producing power price and used generating cost of material when producing electric power through fuel cell pack.Therefore, when the battery co-generation unit that acts as a fuel was produced electric power, this fuel cell system was difficult to and turns round with the commercial power of the cheap system power supply of electrical production and the electric power of being produced through the new renewable energy resources (like wind-force, sunlight etc.).Therefore, fuel cell system in the running, its economy can be restricted.
Summary of the invention
One object of the present invention is to provide a kind of fuel cell co-generation unit and control method thereof.Said fuel cell co-generation unit is the preferential commercial power that adopts the system power supply that is suitable for progression expense system in the low price scope, and is unbalance with the electric power between the production electric power of eliminating fuel cell and user's the load electric, thereby has economy.
Fuel cell co-generation unit according to one embodiment of the invention comprises: fuel cell, and it uses hydrogeneous fuel gas and oxygen containing air and produces direct current; Electric power converter, its direct current with said fuel cell manufacture converts alternating current into; Power distributor, it is selected in the production electric power of the commercial power of system power supply and said fuel cell, and the result is assigned in the load as load electric; Waste heat recoverer, it reclaims the heat that said fuel cell produces; And fuel cell controller, it is used to control said fuel cell, said electric power converter, said power distributor and said waste heat recoverer, and controls commercial electric energy so that the commercial power price is consistent on set point with the production power price.
Said fuel cell controller can also comprise the economy identifier.This economy identifier is stated the commercial power price and said production power price is discerned economy through more said.
Said fuel cell controller can also comprise the load tracking device, and this load tracking device is judged as increase or minimizing according to the unbalance difference of said production electric power and load electric with the electrical production direction.
Said fuel cell controller can also comprise: data random asccess memory (RAM), and it is used to store said commercial electric energy and the said commercial power price (WP) that said load tracking device calculates in real time; The running controller, it correspondingly controls the electrical production step in view of the change of said load electric with specified generating step by step.
The control method of fuel cell co-generation unit comprises: first calculation procedure, the production power price (MWP) that calculating is produced by fuel cell according to an embodiment of the invention; Second calculation procedure, the commercial power price (WP) of calculating system for use in carrying power supply commercial power; The economy determining step, more said production power price (MWP) and commercial power price (WP), be used to discern the economy index (EW) of producing the electric power economy with judgement negative for just still; And the electric power supplying step, if said economy index is just (+), then supply with commercial power, if said economy index is negative (-), then supply with production electric power.
In said first calculation procedure, can be by use amount, cost of material (FP, the price/Nm of generating raw material (F) 3) and produce electric energy and calculate production power price (MWP).
Said second calculation procedure can comprise: unbalance difference calculation procedure, calculate the unbalance difference (△ P=P2-P1) of said production electric power (P1) and said load electric (P2); The scope determining step judges whether said unbalance difference (△ P=P2-P1) exceeds the predetermined set value scope; The electrical production step if said unbalance difference falls into the predetermined set value scope, then reduces said production electric power (P1), if exceed the predetermined set value scope, then increases said production electric power (P1); The integrating step, integrating (∫ △ P) that supplied with the electric energy corresponding commercial power of unbalance difference; And calculation procedure, through the commercial electric energy and the progression expense system of more said integrating, calculate said commercial power price.
When supposing said commercial power price consistent commercial electric energy being called uniform quotient with electric energy Pe on set point with said production power price; Said electrical production step can comprise: the first electrical production step; If employed commercial electric energy is in the scope less than Pe/3; Then produce the production electric power that lacks than the actual loading electric energy, so that the unbalance difference of electric power is 3/10 of specified generating; The second electrical production step is if employed commercial electric energy more than Pe/3 and in the scope less than 2Pe/3, is then produced the production electric power that lacks than the actual loading electric energy, so that the unbalance difference of electric power is 2/10 of specified generating; The 3rd electrical production step is if employed commercial electric energy more than 2Pe/3 and in the scope less than Pe, is then produced the production electric power that lacks than the actual loading electric energy, so that the unbalance difference of electric power is 1/10 of specified generating; And the 4th electrical production step, if the scope of employed commercial electric energy more than Pe then produced and eliminated the unbalance production electric power of electric power.
As stated; According to one embodiment of the invention; Owing to possess fuel cell controller; Control employed commercial electric energy and make the commercial power price consistent on set point with the production power price, therefore therefore the preferential commercial power that adopts suitable progression expense system that uses in the low price field has the effect that improves economy.And, the unbalance difference range of electric power between the production electric power of fuel cell and user's the load electric, therefore the production electric power of increase and decrease fuel cell also have the effect that improves economy in eliminating the unbalance process of electric power.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure chart of schematically representing according to the fuel cell co-generation unit of one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of the control method of expression fuel cell co-generation unit shown in Figure 1.
Fig. 3 is the curve chart that the production electric power of the commercial power of system power supply and fuel cell electric energy and power price separately compared.
Embodiment
Below, with reference to accompanying drawing embodiments of the invention are elaborated, so that the those skilled in the art can implement easily.But the present invention can use various mode to realize, is not limited in this illustrated example.In order to offer some clarification on the present invention, omitted in the accompanying drawings and the irrelevant part of explanation, for same or similar structural element, adopted identical Reference numeral in the explanation in the whole text.
Fig. 1 schematically representes the structure chart of fuel cell co-generation unit according to an embodiment of the invention.Visible with reference to Fig. 1, the fuel cell co-generation unit 100 of an embodiment (hereinafter to be referred as " system ") comprising: fuel cell 10, electric power converter 20, power distributor 30, waste heat recoverer 40 and fuel cell controller 50.
Fuel cell for example comprises: the fuel treating equipment 11 that hydrocarbon type of raw material is converted into hydrogen-rich reformed gas; Utilize hydrogen and airborne oxygen to produce galvanic fuel cell pack 12; Produce the required various ancillary equipment (BOP of electric power; Balance Of Plant) 13; And reclaim fuel treating equipment 11 and pile the heat exchanger 14 of the heat that is generated with fuel treatment.
The direct current that electric power converter 20 is produced fuel cell 10 converts alternating current into.For example, electric power converter 20 comprises: direct current is converted into galvanic DC-DC transducer 21, direct current converted into the inverter 22 of alternating current; And first dynamometer instrument 23 of measuring the alternating current of having been changed.For example, said first dynamometer instrument 23 comprises current sensor and voltage sensor and constitutes.
Second dynamometer instrument 24 can have the structure identical with first dynamometer instrument 23, and is arranged on the load line 241 to measure the employed load electric P2 of user.This load line is used for from system power supply and electric power converter 20 with commercial power and produce the load 25 that electric power P1 supplies to the user.Therefore; Fuel cell controller 50 can be more than preset time during in, the unbalance difference of electric power (△ P=P2-P1) between the production electric power P1 of the fuel cell measured of first dynamometer instrument 23 and the user's that second dynamometer instrument 24 is measured the load electric P2 relatively.
The system 100 of one embodiment is associated with fuel cell 10 and system power supply (for example, source power supply), and optionally by producing the running of electric power P1 and commercial power.Be system 100 when starting fluid battery 10, by the running of the commercial power of system power supply, and producing in the operation process of electric power, by the production electric power P1 running of fuel cell 10 by fuel cell 10.
For this reason, power distributor 30 is disposed between fuel cell 10 and the system power supply, makes commercial power can supply to fuel cell 10.Be startup or the running of power distributor 30, optionally commercial power supplied on other member of system with production electric power P1 along with fuel cell 10.
Waste heat recoverer 40 for example comprises: heat storage slot 41, water pump 42, air cooling heat exchanger 43, triple valve 44, auxiliary burner 45 and temperature sensor 46.Heat storage slot 41 will be through being connected in fuel cell 10 fuel cell pack 12 and the heat exchanger 14 of fuel treating equipment 11 be stored in the water from the used heat that fuel cell 10 reclaims.When being full of heat in the heat storage slot 41, water pump 42 and air cooling heat exchanger 43 are through making the boiler water circulation in the heat storage slot 41, remove the heat that is included in heat storage slot 41 water.Auxiliary burner 45 is given heat storage slot 41 additional heat.Temperature sensor 46 is measured the temperature of heat storage slot 41.Heat storage slot 41 comprises: the running water inlet 411 of supplying with running water; Discharge the warm water outlet 412 of warm water; Discharge and supply with the heating installation water outlet 413 of heating installation water; And the heating installation water that reclaims heating installation water reclaims mouth 414.
Fuel cell controller 50 is electrically connected on fuel cell 10, electric power converter 20, second dynamometer instrument 24, power distributor 30, waste heat recoverer 40 and the various members that they possessed; Thereby under 100 various situation of system, make system 100 running and it is controlled with optimized state.
The economy that the unbalance difference of electric power (△ P=P2-P1) is come raising system 100 between production electric power P1 and the user of fuel cell controller 50 through eliminating fuel cell 10 the load electric P2.And, consider that the commercial power of system power supply is suitable for progression expense system, fuel cell controller 50 makes preferably that in the low price scope commercial power is used.
For this reason, fuel cell controller 50 comprises: load tracking device 51, economy identifier 52, running controller 53 and data random asccess memory (RAM) 54.Load tracking device 51 is judged the electrical production direction according to the unbalance difference of electric power (△ P=P2-P1) of producing electric power P1 and load electric P2.Economy identifier 52 is through relatively the production power price MWP of fuel cell 10 and the commercial power price WP of system power supply discern economy.Running controller 53 is in view of the change of load electric P2, and corresponding to specified generating, substep is controlled the electrical production stage of fuel cell 10, and the production electric energy of fuel cell 10, the flow of Linear Control generating raw material, air and cooling water.More concrete action effect as for to fuel cell controller 50 describes combination controlling method.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of schematically representing the control method of fuel cell co-generation unit shown in Figure 1.Visible with reference to Fig. 2, the control method of the fuel cell co-generation unit of an embodiment (calling " control method " in the following text) comprising: the first calculation procedure ST10, the second calculation procedure ST20, economy determining step ST30 and electric power supplying step ST40.
The price of the production electric power P1 that the first calculation procedure ST10 computing fuel battery 10 is produced is promptly produced power price (MWP).Promptly in the first calculation procedure ST10, detect use amount, the cost of material FP (price/Nm of unit of generating raw material F 3) and produce electric energy ST11, and calculate production power price MWP (ST12) by these data.
For example, be F (Nm if fuel cell 10 was produced the employed generating raw material of electric energy of P kWh in 1 hour 3), unit generating cost of material be FP (won/Nm 3), then the production power price MWP of fuel cell 10 be F * FP/P (won/kWh).
The second calculation procedure ST20 calculates the price of the commercial power of employed system power supply, i.e. commercial power price WP.Promptly the second calculation procedure ST20 comprises: unbalance difference calculation procedure ST21, the unbalance difference of electric power (△ P=P2-P1) of the production electric power P1 of computing fuel battery 10 and load electric P2; Scope determining step ST22 judges whether the unbalance difference △ P of electric power exceeds the predetermined set value scope; Electrical production step ST23 if the unbalance difference △ P of electric power falls in the predetermined set value scope, then reduces and produces electric power P1, if the unbalance difference △ P of electric power exceeds the predetermined set value scope, then increases and produces electric power P1; Integrating step ST24, integrating (∫ △ P) that supplied to the commercial electric energy corresponding commercial power of unbalance difference △ P; And calculation procedure ST25, through comparing the commercial electric energy and the progression expense system of institute's integrating, calculate commercial power price WP.
In economy determining step ST30, through relatively producing power price MWP and commercial power price WP (ST31), thereby judge that being used to discern the economy index (EW=MWP-WP) of producing the electric power economy still bears (-) (ST32) for just (+).
Data random asccess memory (RAM) 54 is used for the commercial electric energy (∫ △ P) of integrating and as the commercial power price WP in each progression interval of the systematic electricity of progression expense system of the system power supply that storage of real time uses.Therefore, economy identifier 52 calculates commercial power price WP in real time by the commercial electric energy (∫ △ P) of integrating, and compares with the production power price MWP of fuel cell 10, thereby judges economy index E W and send it to running controller 53.
In electric power supplying step ST40, as economy index E W during, commercial power is supplied to (ST41) in the load 25 for just (+), as economy index E W during, will produce electric power P1 and supply to (ST42) in the load 25 for negative (-).That is, economy index E W is that just (+) means that the production power price MWP of fuel cell 10 is more expensive than the commercial power price WP of system power supply, therefore cheap relatively commercial power is supplied in the load 25.And economy index E W means that for negative (-) the production power price MWP of fuel cell 10 is cheaper than the commercial power price WP of system power supply, therefore cheap relatively production electric power P1 is supplied in the load 25.Therefore, system 100 has economy.
Fig. 3 is the commercial power of comparison system power supply and the production electric power electric energy separately and the curve chart of power price of fuel cell.Explain one for example down with reference to Fig. 3: electrical production step ST23 comprises first to fourth electrical production step ST231, ST232, ST233, ST234 in the second calculation procedure ST20.
For the ease of explanation, commercial power price WP is called uniform quotient with production power price MWP consistent commercial electric energy on set point uses electric energy Pe.The time that for example, will whether and in advance to be set for the generation of judging the unbalance difference △ P of electric power was made as 5 minutes to 10 minutes.
In the first electrical production step ST231, if employed commercial electric energy in the scope less than Pe/3, is then produced the production electric power P1 that lacks than the actual loading electric energy, so that the unbalance difference △ P of electric power is 3/10 of specified generating.
In the second electrical production step ST232, if employed commercial electric energy more than Pe/3 and in the scope less than 2Pe/3, is then produced the production electric power P1 that lacks than the actual loading electric energy, so that the unbalance difference △ P of electric power is 2/10 of specified generating.
In the 3rd electrical production step ST233, if employed commercial electric energy more than 2Pe/3 and in the scope less than Pe, is then produced the production electric power P1 that lacks than the actual loading electric energy, so that the unbalance difference △ P of electric power is 1/10 of specified generating.
In the 4th electrical production step ST234, if the scope of employed commercial electric energy more than Pe then produced the production electric power P1 that can eliminate the unbalance difference △ P of electric power.
That is, in electrical production step ST23, when control commercial power use amount, control, use electric energy Pe with the consistent uniform quotient of fuel cell manufacture power price MWP thereby make it reach commercial power price WP with the mode that moves to optimization procedure.In view of the hot production prices HP that fuel cell 10 is produced, can raise and produce power price MWP, the uniform quotient of system power supply can move to new uniform quotient with electric energy Phe (with reference to Fig. 3) with electric energy Pe thereupon.Thus, the electric power that the system 100 of an embodiment can eliminate between production electric power P1 and user's the load electric P2 of fuel cell 10 is unbalance, thereby has economy.
For another example; Because user's load electric change; Electrical production step ST23 can be divided into 9 steps of specified generating (when for example specified generating is 1000W; Be divided into 100W, 200W, 300W, 400W, 500W, 600W, 700W, 800W, 900W and 1000W), and by fuel cell 10 production electric power P1.In electrical production step ST23, if more than predetermined setting-up time during in, predetermined production electric energy and the electric energy loaded unbalance difference △ P of electric power are more than 1/10 of specified generating, then move to next procedure and produce electrogenesis power P1 next life.At this moment, the production electric energy that fuel cell 10 is produced, generating raw material, the air that supplies to fuel cell pack and cooling water flow produce linear change.
Below, be that example describes with commercial electric energy with the interval commercial power price of each progression based on the system power supply that is suitable for progression expense system (for example Korean Electric Power Company).
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
As shown in table 1, when using 1Nm 3Generating raw material (for example town gas) when producing the production electric power P1 of 4kWh, if the town gas price is 670 yuan/Nm 3, in the interval of 0kWh to 200kWh, produce power price MWP=670 * 200/4=33500 unit, so the commercial power price of system power supply (WP=55.1 * 100+113.8 * 100=16890 unit) is well below producing power price.Promptly in Fig. 3, electric energy (kWh) is in 0 to Pe scope.
As stated, the commercial power of the preferential using system power supply of the control method of an embodiment till the production power price MWP of every month commercial power price WP and fuel cell is consistent, thereby reduces energy expenditure to greatest extent.For example, every month can be in the use amount scope of 0.5 * Pe to 0.9 * Pe the commercial power of using system power supply.
And; The system 100 of one embodiment and control method comparison are by the commercial power price WP of the generating production power price MWP that calculates of cost of material and system power supply and the new renewable energy resources (for example; Wind-force, sunlight etc.) the production power price; Make it possible to use the new renewable energy resources, and when adopting the new renewable energy resources, can further improve economy.
Above preferred embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed for illustrative, but the present invention is not limited thereto, in the scope of claims and specification and accompanying drawing, can be out of shape in every way and implement, and this distortion naturally belongs in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. fuel cell co-generation unit comprises:
Fuel cell, it uses hydrogeneous fuel gas and oxygen containing air and produces direct current;
Electric power converter, its direct current with said fuel cell manufacture converts alternating current into;
Power distributor, it is selected in the production electric power of the commercial power of system power supply and said fuel cell, and the result is assigned in the load as load electric;
Waste heat recoverer, it reclaims the heat that said fuel cell produces; And
Fuel cell controller, it controls said fuel cell, said electric power converter, said power distributor and said waste heat recoverer, and controls commercial electric energy and make the commercial power price with to produce power price consistent on set point.
2. fuel cell co-generation unit according to claim 1, said fuel cell controller also comprises the economy identifier, this economy identifier is discerned economy through more said commercial power price and said production power price.
3. fuel cell co-generation unit according to claim 2; Said fuel cell controller also comprises the load tracking device; This load tracking device is judged as increase or minimizing according to the unbalance difference of said production electric power and said load electric with the electrical production direction.
4. fuel cell co-generation unit according to claim 3, said fuel cell controller also comprises:
The data random asccess memory is used to store said commercial electric energy and the said commercial power price that said load tracking device calculates in real time;
The running controller in view of the change of said load electric, is correspondingly controlled the electrical production step with specified generating step by step.
5. the control method of a fuel cell co-generation unit comprises:
First calculation procedure is calculated the production power price by the production electric power of fuel cell manufacture;
Second calculation procedure is calculated the commercial power price of employed system power supply commercial power;
The economy determining step, more said production power price and commercial power price judge that the economy index that is used to discern production electric power economy is for just still bearing; And
The electric power supplying step is if said economy index for just, is then supplied with commercial power, if said economy index for negative, then supplied with and produced electric power.
6. the control method of fuel cell co-generation unit according to claim 5,
In said first calculation procedure, calculate the production power price by use amount, cost of material and the production electric energy of generating raw material.
7. fuel cell co-generation unit control method according to claim 5, said second calculation procedure comprises:
Unbalance difference calculation procedure is calculated the unbalance difference of said production electric power and said load electric;
The scope determining step judges whether said unbalance difference exceeds the predetermined set value scope;
The electrical production step if said unbalance difference falls into the predetermined set value scope, then reduces said production electric power, if exceed the predetermined set value scope, then increases said production electric power;
Integrating step, integrating that supply with the commercial electric energy corresponding commercial power of said unbalance difference; And
Calculation procedure, said commercial electric energy and progression expense system through more said integrating calculate said commercial power price.
8. the control method of fuel cell co-generation unit according to claim 7,
When supposing said commercial power price consistent commercial electric energy being called uniform quotient with electric energy Pe on set point with said production power price,
Said electrical production step comprises:
The first electrical production step is if employed commercial electric energy in the scope less than Pe/3, is then produced the production electric power that lacks than the actual loading electric energy, so that the unbalance difference of electric power is 3/10 of specified generating;
The second electrical production step is if employed commercial electric energy more than Pe/3 and in the scope less than 2Pe/3, is then produced the production electric power that lacks than the actual loading electric energy, so that the unbalance difference of electric power is 2/10 of specified generating;
The 3rd electrical production step is if employed commercial electric energy more than 2Pe/3 and in the scope less than Pe, is then produced the production electric power that lacks than the actual loading electric energy, so that the unbalance difference of electric power is 1/10 of specified generating; And
The 4th electrical production step is if the scope of employed commercial electric energy more than Pe then produced and eliminated the unbalance production electric power of electric power.
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