CN102300452A - Hydroponic culture method for the production of halophytes - Google Patents
Hydroponic culture method for the production of halophytes Download PDFInfo
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- CN102300452A CN102300452A CN2009801556619A CN200980155661A CN102300452A CN 102300452 A CN102300452 A CN 102300452A CN 2009801556619 A CN2009801556619 A CN 2009801556619A CN 200980155661 A CN200980155661 A CN 200980155661A CN 102300452 A CN102300452 A CN 102300452A
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- glasswort
- halophytes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
- Hydroponics (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a hydroponic culture method for the production of at least one halophytic plant, consisting of the following steps, namely: a first culture step in a non-saline medium, comprising the germination of sown seeds of at least one halophytic plant; and a second culture step in a saline medium, comprising the growth of the germinated plants obtained in the first culture step, with the transition between the first and second cultivation steps being performed as soon as the maximum germination plateau is reached.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the plant production field.The present invention relates to the water culture of producing halophytes the most especially.
Background technology
Many halophytess (being also referred to as halophyte) are used for various fields, agricultural and agricultural food product field and cosmetics and medical domain.
Therefore, some halophyte is especially owing to their feed value is used for agricultural (as the plant that saltbush (Atriplex) belongs to and glasswort (Salicornia) belongs to, for example Bi Shi glasswort (Salicornia bigelovii)).
Halophyte also are many raw material sources that are used for cosmetic use.These raw materials are used as excipient and additive (as preservative, colouring agent), but also as active component.Over several years, growing to seeking derived from the recruit's who can be used for the halophytes in cosmetology and/or the human health interest.About the example of this halophyte, can mention owing to its diuresis or drainage properties or anti-cellulite are used, and, be also referred to as ocean fennel or saltwort because its taste property is used for the Crithmum maritimum (Crithmum maritimum) of food.
In fact, some halophytess have been used for the human food for many years.Therefore, salicornia has been used for several centuries of human food.In long-distance navigation, the crewman is stored in salicornia in the salt and uses, because they know it because rich vitamins C and antiscorbutic effectiveness.Therefore, in 1858, be published in Journal of Medical Chemistry, the article among the Pharmacy and Toxicology (bookseller Lab é) relates to the use salicornia as food.Nowadays, the plant of glasswort genus is still as fresh food and flavouring consumption.
At present, be used as of the harvesting of the salicornia of food from natural plantation or cultivation field.In natural environment, salicornia was grown to the October from the March, only in its development of plants phase process, could gather in, promptly from the May to the June.Therefore, consumer demand all can not satisfy in (because of the poor knowledge to kind, harvesting stage and storage method) aspect quantitative aspects (therefore very random because weather conditions and geographical position are depended in natural production) and the quality.Therefore the hindering factor of this production is seemingly developed in the harvesting of natural plantation.Aspect the cultivation of food purpose, then produce the quantity of control product and the problem of quality.
Many scientific publication things comprise and are used to cultivate the kind method for planting of the method for described halophyte with research adaptation salinity habitat on basic horizontal.Specifically, shown that the germination of halophytes is subjected to influence (Binet, Bulletin de la soci é t é francaise de physiologie v é g é tale, the 10th volume of the salinity (NaCl) of cultivation medium owing to infiltration or toxic action, 253-263,1964; Khan et Ungar, Canadian Journal of Botany, the 75th volume, 835-841,1997; People such as Debez, cahier d ' é tudes et de recherches francophones, the 10th volume, 135-8,2001).Therefore, the existence of sodium chloride (NaCl) influences the germination speed of halophytes in cultivation medium.Similarly, these plants of the data show in the document of the growth that relates to halophyte need salt (NaCl) to grow.Although known halophytes needs non-salt medium to germinate, need the salinity medium to be used for their vegetative stage, the shortage of the research of the plant cultivation of relevant complete cycle (promptly by seed to seed, through plant growth and flowering) causes being difficult to cultivating halophyte on commercial scale.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has set up a kind of water culture now, and it might increase the rate of development of halophyte, and therefore obtain more quickly vendible, especially for the halophytes of food processing.
Specifically, the inventor determines surprisingly in a single day (promptly the reaching maximum germination level) halophyte of the accurate moment in halophyte cultivations are converted to the rate of development that vegetative stage in the salinity cultivation medium might increase the germination plant by the development stage in non-salt cultivation medium.But the inventor has also illustrated the time that might reduce the plant of acquisition sales stage (especially for food processing) in the described conversion of this particular moment.
In addition, the inventor has developed a kind of water culture, and it allows to have the standardized production of the halophyte of constant quality, and this standardized production is fit to industrial level, and year in year out fast and continuously.
Therefore, the method according to this invention make might be in 6 to 8 all cultivations times only (than in natural environment 3 to 4 months) obtain to satisfy the plant that the glasswort of the quality standard in food processing market belongs to
Therefore, according to first aspect, purpose of the present invention is a kind of water culture of producing at least a halophytes, and it comprises the steps:
-in non-salt medium first the cultivation step, it comprises the germination of the sowing seed of at least a halophytes;
-the second cultivation step in the salinity medium, it is included in the growth of the germination plant that first cultivation obtains in the step;
In case reach maximum germination level, just carry out the conversion between the first and second cultivation steps.
Embodiment
In order to understand the present invention better, provide some definition.Unless otherwise indicated, the other technologies term that uses among the application should make an explanation according to their common implication.
Developmental stage when for the purposes of the present invention, term plant " but sales stage " is intended to mean plant and satisfies the quality standard in its market (in food processing).Therefore, plant for the glasswort genus, but the stage of food processing sales stage correspondence is that the plant size is between 5 to 8 centimetres, be bright green, be full of water fully, not wooden (soft), and have given chemical composition (carbohydrate, protein, lipid, mineral matter and trace element, vitamin, fatty acid, fiber etc.), particularly biologically active.
For the purposes of the present invention, term " maximum germination level " is intended to mean determines high germination speed, and the germination level that no longer changes at least three days process of the value of this high germination speed.
This maximum germination speed can be easy to by those skilled in the art by calculating the sowing number of seed and the number of chitting piece simply in each preset time, and assesses the ratio of chitting piece number and sowing number seeds simply and determine.
Maximum germination level and maximum germination speed can be tested the mean value of (preferably at least 3 experiments, most preferably at least 5 experiments) according to several and determine that described experiment is carried out under the identical cultivation condition to identical plant or plant mixture.
Given plant relevant with given cultivation condition or plant mixture can be determined according to aforesaid simple test in order to reach the required time of maximum germination level.
A particular of the method according to this invention, maximum germination speed is between 85% to 100%.
For the purposes of the present invention, term " water planting " is intended to mean in the seed tray on the base material of natural base material that is not plant and cultivates halophytes.In addition, this base material is regularly irrigated with nutritive solution, and described nutritive solution provides for necessary mineral salt of development of plants and nutrients.
For the purposes of the present invention, term " medium " is intended to mean the medium that is used in particular for cultivating seed and germination plant.Cultivation medium comprises at least a nutritive solution that combines with at least one class base material, and described base material is potting soil, sand, volcanic ash, clay cobble, vermiculite and rock wool for example, is preferably potting soil.
For the purposes of the present invention, term " nutritive solution " is intended to mean makes plant life, preferably makes the liquid solution of development of plants.As the example of nutritive solution, can mention (natural or by interpolation) mineral salt of one or more dissolved ions forms and/or the water of one or more nutrient compounds that are used for plant of optional comprising.
Especially, base material and nutritive solution can form to choose wantonly and be the uniform dielectric of gel form, as the MS medium.
According to a particular of cultivation method of the present invention, described non-salt medium comprises base material and sodium chloride concentration is between 0 to 0.1%, between preferred 0 to 0.05% and most preferably be 0% nutritive solution.
According to a particular of cultivation method of the present invention, described salinity medium comprises base material and sodium chloride concentration is between 0.11 to 3%, between preferred 1 to 2% and most preferably be 1.5% nutritive solution.
For the purposes of the present invention, term " sowing seed " is intended to mean the seed that contacts with cultivation medium under the condition of seed sprouting helping.
Especially, the sowing seed can be uniformly distributed in the base material or be uniformly distributed on the substrate surface.
The described first cultivation step is carried out under the condition of described seed sprouting being suitable for.Similarly, the described second cultivation step is carried out under the condition of the growth that is suitable for described germination plant.
A particular of the method according to this invention, described at least a halophytes are selected from the plant that glasswort belongs to.
Especially, described at least a halophytes is the mixture of fragile glasswort (Salicornia fragilis) and two species of wild glasswort (Salicornia obscura).
A particular of method according to the present invention, described method is implemented under controlled condition, and described condition for example maybe might provide any chamber as the condition of giving a definition in comprising the cultivating chamber of thermostatic chamber or in the greenhouse.
For the purposes of the present invention, term " controlled condition " is intended to mean the halophytes cultivation condition, set, control and keep at least one parameter of the salinity that is selected from luminous intensity, photoperiod, environmental temperature, thermoperiod, ambient humidity degree and nutritive solution of described condition, thereby allow the optimum growh of plant.
Cultivation under controlled condition has to optimize and is used for condition that halophytes produces and obtains the advantage of halophytes in the whole year, is different from the natural environment that generally only allows to produce during this season or in the production in field.
The described first cultivation step and/or the second cultivation step can be at 40 and 300 μ mol.m
-2.s
-1Between, preferably at 80 and 200 μ mol.m
-2.s
-1Between and most preferably at 140 and 170 μ mol.m
-2.s
-1Between luminous intensity under carry out.
At 140 and 170 μ mol.m
-2.s
-1Between luminous intensity have the production that the production of optimizing halophytes, particularly glasswort belong to, the advantage of the production of the mixture of the most fragile glasswort and two species of wild glasswort.
The described first cultivation step and/or the second cultivation step can be between 8 to 24 hours in photostage, between preferred 10 to 16 hours, most preferably carry out under 12 hours photoperiod every day.
The described first cultivation step and/or the second cultivation step can preferably between 18 and 30 ℃, most preferably be carried out under the environmental temperature between 20 and 25 ℃ between 15 and 35 ℃.
Environmental temperature between 20 and 25 ℃ has the production that the production of optimizing halophytes, particularly glasswort belong to, the advantage of the production of the mixture of the most fragile glasswort and two species of wild glasswort.
The described first cultivation step can preferably between 55% and 95%, most preferably be carried out under the humidity degree in the average every day between 65% and 85% between 50% and 100%.
Average every day of humidity degree between 65% and 85% has the production that the production of optimizing halophytes, particularly glasswort belong to, the advantage of the production of the mixture of the most fragile glasswort and two species of wild glasswort.
The described second cultivation step can preferably between 10% and 40%, most preferably be carried out under the humidity degree in the average every day between 20% and 30% between 0% and 50%.
Average every day of humidity degree between 20% and 30% has the production that the production of optimizing halophytes, particularly glasswort belong to, the advantage of the production of the mixture of the most fragile glasswort and wild glasswort.
Term " average every day humidity degree " is intended to mean the medial humidity degree in 24 hour time period.
According to a particular, cultivation method of the present invention can carry out under the condition of the halophytes that might obtain at least a biological quality.
Method according to the present invention is gathered in the step of rhizome and is obtained the also step of stored seed down at the highest-20 ℃ before also can being included in the described first cultivation step.
This seed storing step has the advantage that began to cultivate any time in a year.
The plant that the method according to this invention obtains can be used in human health and cosmetics industry or the food processing.
Especially, the plant of glasswort genus can be used for:
In-the cosmetics industry, molecule (glycinebetaine, proline, sucrose), amino acid, the existence of vitamin and their antioxidant properties because they are preserved moisture;
In-the human health, because the existence of the molecule of their diuresis, purification and dissolved substance and biologically active (to immune effect, the effect of resistive connection nuclear, leukemia resisting action etc.);
In-the health nutrient, because they are rich in trace element and vitamin;
In-the food processing, because the production of food oil;
In-the human foods, particularly as fresh food or flavouring;
In-the animal feed, in the feed addictive.
Therefore, according to second aspect, theme of the present invention also is a kind of composition, particularly food composition, and it comprises the plant that at least a portion obtains according to cultivation method of the present invention.
Described composition is optional from food, cosmetics, medicine and nutritious food composition.
According to the present invention, term " part of plant " is intended to mean all or part any structure part of plant, as leaf, stem, root, fruit, flower or seed, and any extract of plant.
According on the other hand, theme of the present invention also is used to prepare the purposes of the composition that is selected from food, cosmetics, medicine and nutritious food composition at least a portion of utilizing the plant that the method according to this invention obtains.
With regard to following embodiment, can show other advantages of the present invention and characteristic.
These embodiment provide in the mode of non-limitative illustration.
Embodiment 1:
In thermostatic chamber under controlled condition the mixing of fragile glasswort and wild glasswort The water planting of compound
I.
Material and method
Use is cultivated from the seed of the rhizome of the natural population of annual salicornia (as the fragile glasswort of harvesting in period and the mixture of wild glasswort in the fall in the marsh, seashore in luxuriant and rich with fragrance Buddhist nun's Stevr the north (Finistere Nord)).
Careful all salicornias that clean, drying 3 days in the ventilated drying oven 20 ℃ under then.Speed with 22000rpm is ground them 2 times 20 seconds in Waring blender then.Three sieves screening gained rough lapping materials that use is installed in series, the screen size of described sieve are 0.5,0.8 and 1mm.On the sieve of 0.5mm, collect the seed that is used to cultivate.Then seed is stored down at maximum-20 ℃.
Cultivation is carried out in thermostatic chamber to work under controlled light, photoperiod, temperature, thermoperiod and relative moisture condition.
((33 * 20 * 6cm) form 50 * 40 * 12cm) seed tray used cultivating device by being filled to the height of 5cm with the gardening potting soil and placing cultivating groove.Described cultivating groove is filled to the height of maximum 1.5cm with nutritive solution.According to evaporation, with the amount of flowing water make-up solution every day.Clean described groove weekly, and upgrade nutritive solution.In addition, inferior on every Wendesdays alkaline nutritive solution spraying medium (cultures).
The first cultivation step is the seed sprouting stage: the seed of about 900 sizes greater than 500 μ m is uniformly distributed on the substrate surface.Nutritive solution in this first cultivation step process is made up of flowing water (non-salt), and (NPK 6-6-6, concentration is 5ml.L to described flowing water by the commercially available liquid fertilizer that dilutes
-1) form.For the photoperiod of 12h illumination and 12h dark, luminous intensity is set at 140-150 μ mol.m
-2.s
-1The environmental temperature of thermostatic chamber is set at 20-22 ℃, makes to remain under the temperature of 25 ℃ (25.4 ± 0.8 ℃) in the temperature under the seed tray level.High relative moisture (75%) is essential for the germination of seed, and by obtaining with the mini greenhouse of plastics culture underglass groove.
In case reach maximum germination level, just carry out first conversion of cultivating between step and second step in the salinity medium in non-salt medium.Described maximum germination level is determined that by maximum germination speed described maximum germination speed is determined with respect to the sowing number seeds by the chitting piece number.When this speed keeps identical for three days on end, obtain stable conclusion.
In suitable situation, reach maximum germination level in the medium after 12 days seed being inserted according to the first cultivation step.
The second cultivation step is the plant growing stage.Be different from germination, being grown under the salinity condition of salicornia carried out under the unsaturated relative moisture of average 28% environment.The salinity of nutritive solution is set at 1.5% (15g.L
-1NaCl), and by be diluted to flowing water 50% and the filtering sea of liquid make-up fertilizer form.This salinity of control every day and adjusting in cultivating groove (by adding fresh water).Described those are identical and do not select (pricking out) with being used for the development stage for optical condition (luminous intensity and photoperiod) and temperature condition.
II.
The result
Between the cultivation in 6 to 8 weeks, plant is satisfied market, the quality standard in the food processing (non-wooden, soft, bright green) particularly, and size is between 5 to 8cm.Should notice that the living beings of generation are bigger after the cultivation of 12 weeks, but plant begins lignification, this makes plant more not soft.
This method makes might be during the cultivation in 6 to 8 weeks only (than under uncontrolled condition, promptly in natural environment or in only one time 3 to 4 months following every year of salinity condition) obtains the plant of satisfying the standard in the market standard, particularly food processing.
Embodiment 2:
The mixing of fragile glasswort and wild glasswort under controlled condition in the greenhouse The water planting of thing
I.
Material and method
Cultivation experiments in the winter time during (during the anti-season in November to January) in the greenhouse, carry out.To be applied in the greenhouse according to the cultivation condition in thermostatic chamber that embodiment 1 limits.The providing of artificial light makes and might obtain about 165 μ mol.m
-2.s
-1Luminous intensity, heating greenhouse, thus during being created in daytime under the plant level 25 ℃ temperature and during night 15 ℃ temperature.Other experiment conditions be according to embodiment 1 defined those.
II.
The result
Under these conditions, obtain to have and those sizes that are equal to that in thermostatic chamber, obtain and the salicornia of pattern.Originate in the cultivation in 8 weeks, the plant of cultivating in the greenhouse shows the 1 defined market standard (5.9 ± 0.1cm) according to embodiment.
This method makes might be during the cultivation in 8 weeks only (than under uncontrolled condition, promptly in natural environment or in salinity annual 3 to 4 months) obtains the plant of satisfying the standard in the market standard, particularly food processing.
Embodiment 1 and 2 illustrated that cultivation method according to the present invention is used under controlled condition and anti-season under produce the food salicornia validity.
Claims (11)
1. water culture that is used to produce at least a halophytes, it comprises the steps:
-in non-salt medium first the cultivation step, it comprises the germination of the sowing seed of at least a halophytes;
-the second cultivation step in the salinity medium, it is included in the growth of the germination plant that first cultivation obtains in the step;
In case reach maximum germination level, just carry out the conversion between the first and second cultivation steps.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that described non-salt medium comprises base material and sodium chloride concentration is between 0 to 0.1%, between preferred 0 to 0.05% and most preferably be 0% nutritive solution; With
The salinity medium comprises base material and sodium chloride concentration is between 0.11 to 3%, between preferred 1 to 2% and most preferably be 1.5% nutritive solution.
3. according to claim 1 and 2 each described methods, it is characterized in that described at least a halophytes is selected from the plant that glasswort belongs to, and be preferably fragile glasswort and wild glasswort.
4. method according to claim 3 is characterized in that described at least a halophytes is the mixture of fragile glasswort and two species of wild glasswort.
5. according to each described method of claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that the described first cultivation step and/or the second cultivation step are at 40 and 300 μ mol.m
-2.s
-1Between, preferably at 80 and 200 μ mol.m
-2.s
-1Between and most preferably at 140 and 170 μ mol.m
-2.s
-1Between luminous intensity under carry out.
6. according to each described method of claim 1 to 5, it is characterized in that the described first cultivation step and/or the second cultivation step between 15 and 35 ℃, preferably between 18 and 30 ℃, most preferably carry out under the environmental temperature between 20 and 25 ℃.
7. according to each described method of claim 1 to 6, it is characterized in that the described first cultivation step and/or the second cultivation step are between 8 to 24 hours in photostage, between preferred 10 to 16 hours, most preferably carry out under 12 hours photoperiod every day.
8. according to each described method of claim 1 to 7, it is characterized in that described first cultivates step between 50% and 100%, preferably between 55% and 95%, most preferably carry out under the humidity degree in the average every day between 65% and 85%.
9. according to each described method of claim 1 to 8, it is characterized in that described second cultivates step between 0% and 50%, preferably between 10% and 40%, most preferably carry out under the humidity degree in the average every day between 20% and 30%.
10. a composition, particularly food composition, it comprises the plant that at least a portion utilization such as each described method of claim 1 to 9 obtain.
11. utilize at least a portion of the plant that obtains as each described method of claim 1 to 9 to be used to prepare the purposes of the composition that is selected from food, cosmetics, medicine and nutritious food composition.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0858538 | 2008-12-12 | ||
| FR0858538A FR2939605B1 (en) | 2008-12-12 | 2008-12-12 | OFF-SOIL CULTIVATION METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HALOPHYTES |
| PCT/EP2009/066872 WO2010066857A1 (en) | 2008-12-12 | 2009-12-10 | Hydroponic culture method for the production of halophytes |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102300452A true CN102300452A (en) | 2011-12-28 |
| CN102300452B CN102300452B (en) | 2013-11-20 |
Family
ID=40874714
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009801556619A Expired - Fee Related CN102300452B (en) | 2008-12-12 | 2009-12-10 | Hydroponic Culture Method For The Production Of Halophytes |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2373150A1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN102300452B (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2939605B1 (en) |
| IL (1) | IL213486A0 (en) |
| TN (1) | TN2011000297A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2010066857A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2020114188A (en) * | 2019-01-18 | 2020-07-30 | 国立大学法人 鹿児島大学 | Method for culturing salicornia europaea l. |
-
2008
- 2008-12-12 FR FR0858538A patent/FR2939605B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2009
- 2009-12-10 CN CN2009801556619A patent/CN102300452B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-12-10 EP EP09799078A patent/EP2373150A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-12-10 WO PCT/EP2009/066872 patent/WO2010066857A1/en active Application Filing
-
2011
- 2011-06-10 TN TN2011000297A patent/TN2011000297A1/en unknown
- 2011-06-12 IL IL213486A patent/IL213486A0/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2939605A1 (en) | 2010-06-18 |
| WO2010066857A1 (en) | 2010-06-17 |
| FR2939605B1 (en) | 2011-02-11 |
| IL213486A0 (en) | 2011-07-31 |
| CN102300452B (en) | 2013-11-20 |
| TN2011000297A1 (en) | 2012-12-17 |
| EP2373150A1 (en) | 2011-10-12 |
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