CN102299389A - High-performance rechargeable battery - Google Patents
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- CN102299389A CN102299389A CN201110201063XA CN201110201063A CN102299389A CN 102299389 A CN102299389 A CN 102299389A CN 201110201063X A CN201110201063X A CN 201110201063XA CN 201110201063 A CN201110201063 A CN 201110201063A CN 102299389 A CN102299389 A CN 102299389A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/36—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-performance rechargeable battery, which consists of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separation film between the positive electrode and the negative electrode and an electrolyte containing anions and cations and having ionic conductivity, wherein the negative electrode adopts an active material mainly containing a zinc element, the positive electrode adopts an active material which is a manganese dioxide electrode material capable of absorbing and releasing zinc ions, and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution system containing the zinc ions and a surfactant. The invention adopts the modification effect of the surfactant, so that the capacity and the cycle life of the battery are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of capacitors, and particularly relates to a high-performance battery which takes manganese dioxide as a positive electrode material, zinc as a negative electrode material, and electrolyte containing zinc ions and a surfactant.
Background
The secondary battery can be repeatedly charged and discharged for many times, and raw materials can be fully utilized, so that the secondary battery is more economical and practical.
Chinese patent [ 2 ]ZL 200910106650.3]For the first time, manganese dioxide (MnO) is used 2 ) The rechargeable zinc ion battery takes zinc as a cathode and neutral aqueous solution containing zinc ions as electrolyte, the zinc ions are separated from manganese dioxide and pass through the electrolyte during charging, and then the manganese dioxide is deposited on the cathode, and the processes are just reversed during discharging.
The mechanism of electron storage of the zinc ion battery is as follows:
and (3) positive electrode:
（1）
negative electrode: （2）
the reversible deintercalation behavior of zinc ions in the anode material is utilized, so the rechargeable zinc ion battery has the characteristics of low cost, long cycle life and the like, and can be widely applied to the fields of consumer electronics, electric toys, communication, traffic and the like.
It is well known that the performance of the battery is directly affected by the electrolyte, and the performance of the whole battery is improved by adding additives to the electrolyte, so that the search for proper electrolyte additives to improve the performance of the battery is a good method. The behavior of manganese dioxide for storing zinc ions is electrochemical reaction of zinc ions in electrolyte solution in intercalation and deintercalation in surface layer or bulk phase, and the key steps involved are cation diffusion in surface layer or bulk phase and charge transfer in interface, wherein the key step for determining the number of cations (the larger the number is, the larger the capacity is) that manganese dioxide can store is the charge transfer step in manganese dioxide/electrolyte interface. The surfactant is a substance which has both hydrophilic and oleophilic properties and can reduce the surface tension, and the addition of the surfactant in the electrolyte can possibly improve the wettability of the manganese dioxide electrode and the electrolyte, facilitate the diffusion of zinc ions in electrode holes and the charge transfer of a manganese dioxide/electrolyte interface, and improve the performance of the manganese dioxide electrode.
FIG. 1 shows that the manganese dioxide electrode sheets are respectively 0.1mol L -1 ZnSO 4 Aqueous solution and 0.1mol L -1 ZnSO 4 ＋0.02 mol L -1 The Nyquist impedance diagram of the aqueous solution of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate is similar in the electrolyte with or without the addition of a surfactant, and includes two semicircles and a diagonal line at the low frequency end, where the two semicircles respectively represent the diffusion of zinc ions in the pores of the manganese dioxide electrode and the charge transfer of zinc ions and electrons in the manganese dioxide electrode/electrolyte, and the diagonal line represents the diffusion of zinc ions in the interior of manganese dioxide crystal grains [ reference: caochuan, zhang Zhenjing, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, beijing: scientific publishing agency]. It can be seen from the figure that, after the surfactant is added, the diameters of the two semicircles at high frequency and medium frequency are both reduced, and after the surfactant is added on the surface, the surfactant can improve the wettability of the manganese dioxide electrode and the electrolyte, is beneficial to the diffusion of zinc ions in the electrode hole and the charge transfer process at the interface of manganese dioxide/electrolyte, and is beneficial to the improvement of the capacity of the positive electrode.
Meanwhile, in the dissolving and precipitating process of the zinc of the cathode, the surfactant can improve the interface performance of zinc/electrolyte, thereby controlling the dissolving and precipitation of the zinc cathode, precipitating zinc sediment with large aperture in the charging process and being more beneficial to the dissolving of the zinc in discharging. FIG. 2 shows the zinc negative plate at 0.1mol L -1 ZnSO 4 In the scanning electron microscope photographs of the electrolyte after 0, 50 and 100 times, it can be seen from the figure that after tens of cycles, the originally clean surface of the zinc cathode sheet forms spherical zinc precipitate, and after 100 cycles, the spherical zinc precipitate forms a compact precipitate layer on the zinc surface, which is also a main cause of the reduction of the cycle life of the zinc battery (see fig. 3). In the zinc ion battery added with the surfactant sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate in the electrolyte, an electron microscope photo of a zinc negative plate after 100 times of circulation is shown in figure 2d, the figure shows that zinc precipitate is mainly in a large-sheet shape, and the rest is spherical zincThe main reason is.
It can be seen that the addition of a certain amount of surfactant to the electrolyte can improve the performance of the rechargeable zinc ion battery, particularly in terms of increasing its capacity and cycle life.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-performance rechargeable zinc ion battery which has higher capacity and longer cycle life compared with a battery without a surfactant.
The specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention relates to a chargeable zinc ion battery, which consists of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separation film between the positive electrode and the negative electrode and an electrolyte containing anions and cations and having ion conductivity, wherein the negative electrode adopts an active material mainly containing zinc element, the positive electrode adopts a manganese dioxide electrode material capable of absorbing and releasing zinc ions, and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution system containing the zinc ions and a surfactant.
The surfactant in the electrolyte is a substance which has both hydrophilic and lipophilic properties and can reduce the surface tension, and at least one or more of the following types of surfactants are selected in the electrolyte.
(1) The anionic surfactant refers to a surfactant which is electronegative in an aqueous solution and forms surface active ions with negative charges, wherein a hydrophilic group of the surfactant is composed of negatively charged groups, and a hydrophobic group of the surfactant is mainly composed of hydrocarbon. Anionic surfactants are in particular:
(a) Succinic acid ester sulfonate
(b) Alkyl sulfonates R-SO 3 M，M is an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, wherein R is an alkyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably sodium dodecyl sulfate;
(c) Alkyl benzene sulfonate R- (C) 6 H 6 ）—SO 3 M, wherein R is a hydrocarbon group of 2 to 18 carbons, M is an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, preferably sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate;
(d) An alpha-olefin sulfonate.
(2) Nonionic surfactants, especially polyoxyethylene ethers R- (OCH) 2 CH 2 ） n OH, where R is a hydrocarbon radical having 2 to 18 carbon atoms and n is 2 to 8.
(3) The cationic surfactant refers to a surfactant which is electropositive in aqueous solution and forms surface active ions with positive charges, wherein a hydrophilic group of the surfactant is composed of positively charged groups, a hydrophobic group of the surfactant is mainly composed of hydrocarbon, and the cationic surfactant is especially characterized in that:
(a) Amine salt type, especially: R-NH 2 HX、R-NH(CH 3 ) X or R-N (CH) 3 ) 2 X, wherein R is a hydrocarbon group of 2 to 18 carbons, X － Is F － 、Cl － Or Br － ；
(b) Quaternary ammonium salt types, in particular:
wherein R is 1 Is a hydrocarbon group of 2 to 18 carbons, R 2 Is a C1-C18 hydrocarbon group or a benzene ring, X － Is F － 、Cl － Or Br － ；
(c) Nitrogen atom-containing cyclic amine salts, bis-quaternary amine salts, and the like.
(4) Alcohols R-CH 2 -OH, wherein R is a hydrocarbon radical containing from 1 to 18 carbons.
The manganese dioxide electrode material can be doped with any one or more of the following doping elements, wherein the doping elements are Li, na, K, cu, fe, ni, al, mg, ca, ba, ti, V, co, pb, bi or Nb. The doping behavior described herein is to replace a certain amount of Mn in manganese dioxide with other metal elements to improve the performance of manganese dioxide.
The anode membrane material also contains an electronic conductive agent and a binder, wherein the electronic conductive agent is graphite, carbon black, acetylene black, carbon fiber or carbon nano tube, and the addition amount of the electronic conductive agent is less than 50% of the mass of the anode membrane; the adhesive is polytetrafluoroethylene, water-soluble rubber, polyvinylidene fluoride or cellulose, and the addition amount of the adhesive is less than 20% of the mass of the positive electrode film. The positive electrode can also be a core body formed by compacting active powder materials, conductive carbon or other additives into various shapes.
The invention relates to a chargeable zinc ion battery, wherein the negative electrode is pure metal zinc or zinc alloy, the zinc or zinc alloy can be in the shape of sheet, foil, strip and the like, or can be a film material prepared from zinc or zinc alloy powder conductive agent and adhesive, and the film material is generally coated on a current collector.
In the present invention, the shape of the electrochemical capacitor made of the above materials is not limited, and may be button type, square type, cylinder type, etc., and the case may be made of organic plastic, metal material, or composite material of metal organic material, etc.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention adopts a method of adding a surfactant to improve the capacity and cycle life of a rechargeable zinc ion battery, thereby providing a high-performance secondary energy storage device, and the battery can be expected to replace a primary alkaline zinc-manganese battery to be applied to the fields of electric toys, game machines, portable equipment and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows manganese dioxide electrode sheets respectively at (a) 0.1mol L -1 ZnSO 4 An aqueous solution and (b) 0.1mol L -1 ZnSO 4 ＋0.02 mol L -1 Nyquist plot in sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate aqueous solution;
FIG. 2 shows the average molecular weight of 0.1mol L -1 ZnSO 4 The zinc negative plate in the zinc ion battery 1 with the aqueous solution as the electrolyte respectively circulates for (a) 0 time, (b) 50 times, (c) scanning electron microscope photos after 100 times and (d) 0.1mol L -1 ZnSO 4 ＋0.02 mol L -1 An electron microscope photo of a zinc negative plate in the zinc ion battery 2 with the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate aqueous solution as the electrolyte after 100 cycles;
FIG. 3 shows a molar ratio of 0.1mol L -1 ZnSO 4 Zinc ion battery 1 using aqueous solution as electrolyte and zinc ion battery using 0.1mol L -1 ZnSO 4 ＋0.02 mol L -1 A cycle life chart of the zinc ion battery 2 taking the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate water solution as electrolyte;
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the cycle life of a zinc ion battery 3 using 0.1mol L-1 ZnSO4+0.01 mol L-1 hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide aqueous solution as an electrolyte;
FIG. 5 is a cycle life diagram of a zinc ion battery 4 using 0.1mol L-1 ZnSO4+0.01 mol L-1 n-butanol +0.01mol L-1 nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether aqueous solution as electrolyte.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further explained by the following figures:
example 1
Manganese dioxide, acetylene black serving as a conductive agent and PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) serving as a binder are mixed according to a mass ratio of 70:20:10, pressing on a stainless steel foil, cutting into a certain size, and drying in vacuum to obtain the manganese dioxide electrode plate. In the single electrode test, a manganese dioxide electrode plate is used as a working electrode, a metal platinum electrode is used as a counter electrode, and Hg/Hg is used 2 SO 4 (i saturated K) 2 SO 4 Solution) was used as a reference electrode for detection. Manganese dioxide at 0.1mol L -1 ZnSO 4 Aqueous solution and 0.1mol L -1 ZnSO 4 ＋0.02 mol L -1 The Nyquist impedance diagram of the aqueous solution of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate is shown in fig. 1, and it can be seen from the diagram that the performance of the manganese dioxide positive electrode can be improved by adding a surfactant.
Manganese dioxide electrode slice is taken as the anode, pure zinc foil with the thickness of 100 microns is taken as the cathode, and 0.1mol L is used -1 ZnSO 4 The aqueous solution is an electrolyte, and the zinc ion battery 1 is assembled. Manganese dioxide electrode slice is taken as the anode, pure zinc foil with the thickness of 100 microns is taken as the cathode, and 0.1mol L is used -1 ZnSO 4 ＋0.02 mol L -1 The sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate aqueous solution is used as electrolyte and assembled into the zinc ion battery 2. The scanning electron microscope photographs of the zinc cathode in the zinc battery 1 after 0, 50 and 100 times are shown in fig. 2, and it can be seen from the figure that spherical zinc precipitates are formed on the originally clean surface of the zinc cathode sheet after tens of cycles, and a dense precipitate layer is formed on the zinc surface by the spherical zinc precipitates after 100 cycles. In the zinc ion battery 2, an electron microscope photograph of the zinc cathode plate after 100 cycles is shown in fig. 2d, and it is seen from the figure that the zinc precipitate is mainly in a large-sheet shape, and the rest is spherical zinc. The cycle life of the zinc ion batteries 1 and 2 is shown in figure 3. It can be seen from the figure that the cycling performance and capacity of Cell2 with the added surfactant are obviously better than that of Cell1 without the added surfactant, mainly because the added surfactant can improve the wettability of the manganese dioxide of the anode and the electrolyte and control the dissolution and precipitation process of the cathode to form a loose structure, thereby obtaining better capacity and better cycling performance.
Example 2
The manganese dioxide electrode sheet of example 1 was used as a positive electrode, a pure zinc foil having a thickness of 100 μm was used as a negative electrode, and 0.1mol L of manganese dioxide was used -1 ZnSO 4 ＋0.01 mol L -1 The zinc ion battery 3 is assembled by using the hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide solution as electrolyte, and the cycle life of the zinc ion battery 3 is shown in figure 4. Can be seen from the figureThe cycling performance and capacity of Cell3 with surfactant are obviously better than those of Cell1 without surfactant, mainly because the addition of surfactant can improve the wettability of manganese dioxide and electrolyte of the positive electrode and control the dissolution and precipitation process of the negative electrode, thereby obtaining better capacity and better cycling performance.
Example 3
The manganese dioxide electrode sheet in example 1 was used as a positive electrode, a pure zinc foil having a thickness of 100 μm was used as a negative electrode, and 0.1mol L was used -1 ZnSO 4 ＋0.01 mol L -1 N-butanol +0.01mol L -1 And the aqueous solution of the nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether is used as electrolyte, and is assembled into the zinc ion battery 4, wherein the cycle life of the zinc ion battery 4 is shown in figure 5. It can be seen from the figure that the cycling performance and capacity of Cell4 with the surfactant added are significantly better than that of Cell1 without the surfactant added, mainly because the addition of the surfactant can improve the wettability of the manganese dioxide of the positive electrode with the electrolyte and control the dissolution and precipitation process of the negative electrode, thereby obtaining better capacity and better cycling performance.
Claims (6)
1. A rechargeable zinc ion battery, which consists of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separation film between the positive electrode and the negative electrode and an electrolyte containing anions and cations and having ion conductivity, is characterized in that:
(1) The negative electrode adopts an active material mainly containing zinc element;
(2) The active material adopted by the positive electrode is a manganese dioxide electrode material capable of absorbing and releasing zinc ions;
(3) The electrolyte is an aqueous solution system containing zinc ions and a surfactant.
2. The rechargeable zinc-ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the surfactant in the electrolyte is a substance having both hydrophilic and lipophilic properties and capable of reducing surface tension, and the surfactant is one or more of the following:
(1) Anionic surfactant
Anionic surfactants are surfactants which are negatively charged in aqueous solutions and form negatively charged surface-active ions, the hydrophilic groups of which are composed of negatively charged groups and the hydrophobic groups are composed mainly of hydrocarbons, anionic surfactants are in particular:
(a) Succinic acid ester sulfonate
(b) Alkylsulfonic acid salts R-SO 3 M, M is an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, wherein R is an alkyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably sodium dodecylsulfate;
(c) Alkyl benzene sulfonate R- (C) 6 H 6 ）—SO 3 M, wherein R is a hydrocarbon group of 2 to 18 carbons, M is an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, preferably sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate;
an alpha-olefin sulfonate;
(2) Nonionic surfactants, especially polyoxyethylene ethers R- (OCH) 2 CH 2 ） n -OH, wherein R is a hydrocarbon radical having 2 to 18 carbons and n is 2 to 8;
(3) Cationic surfactant
Cationic surfactants are surfactants which are electropositive in aqueous solutions and form positively charged surface-active ions, the hydrophilic groups of which are composed of positively charged groups and the hydrophobic groups are composed mainly of hydrocarbons, in particular:
(a) Amine salt type, in particular: R-NH 2 HX、R-NH(CH 3 ) X or R-N (CH) 3 ) 2 X, wherein R is a hydrocarbon group of 2 to 18 carbons, X － Is F － 、Cl － Or Br － ；
(b) Quaternary ammonium salt types, in particular:
(c) Nitrogen atom-containing cyclic amine salts, bis-quaternary amine salts, etc.;
(4) Alcohols R-CH 2 -OH, wherein R is a hydrocarbon radical containing from 1 to 18 carbons.
3. The rechargeable zinc-ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the positive electrode further comprises an electron conductive agent and a binder, wherein the electron conductive agent is graphite, carbon black, acetylene black, carbon fibers or carbon nanotubes, and the addition amount of the electron conductive agent is less than 50% of the mass of the positive electrode film; the adhesive is polytetrafluoroethylene, water-soluble rubber, polyvinylidene fluoride or cellulose, and the addition amount of the adhesive is less than 20% of the mass of the positive electrode film.
4. The rechargeable zinc-ion battery according to claim 1, wherein said manganese dioxide electrode material is doped with any one or more of the following doping elements, wherein the doping element is Li, na, K, cu, fe, ni, al, mg, ca, ba, ti, V, co, pb, bi or Nb.
5. The rechargeable zinc-ion battery of claim 1, wherein: the negative electrode is pure metal zinc or zinc alloy.
6. The rechargeable zinc-ion battery of claim 5, wherein: the zinc or the zinc alloy can be in the shape of a sheet, a foil, a belt and the like, and can also be a film material prepared from a conductive agent and a binder in the form of zinc or zinc alloy powder, and the film material is generally coated on a current collector.
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| PCT/CN2012/076367 WO2013010409A1 (en) | 2011-07-19 | 2012-06-01 | High-performance rechargeable battery |
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| WO2013010409A1 (en) * | 2011-07-19 | 2013-01-24 | 浙江理工大学 | High-performance rechargeable battery |
| CN103531811A (en) * | 2012-07-03 | 2014-01-22 | 海洋王照明科技股份有限公司 | Lithium ion battery positive plate and preparation method thereof and method for preparing lithium ion battery |
| CN104272522A (en) * | 2014-03-04 | 2015-01-07 | 清华大学深圳研究生院 | Rechargeable zinc ion battery |
| WO2015193787A1 (en) | 2014-06-16 | 2015-12-23 | Torre Pasquale | Rechargeable battery containing zinc ions |
| CN105914400A (en) * | 2016-05-04 | 2016-08-31 | 中国科学技术大学 | Electrolyte and sodium-ion battery |
| WO2016154885A1 (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2016-10-06 | 深圳市寒暑科技新能源有限公司 | Method for manufacturing electrode of a zinc ion battery and rechargeable battery based on same |
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