CN102298146A - Method for decoding secondary radar signal - Google Patents

Method for decoding secondary radar signal Download PDF

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CN102298146A
CN102298146A CN2011101299816A CN201110129981A CN102298146A CN 102298146 A CN102298146 A CN 102298146A CN 2011101299816 A CN2011101299816 A CN 2011101299816A CN 201110129981 A CN201110129981 A CN 201110129981A CN 102298146 A CN102298146 A CN 102298146A
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pulse
signal
framework
secondary radar
amplitude
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吴鑫炜
沈凯虹
张俊强
毛继志
张海辉
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China Aeronautical Radio Electronics Research Institute
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China Aeronautical Radio Electronics Research Institute
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for decoding a secondary radar signal, and the method comprises the following steps: firstly, generating a decoding receiving threshold by a self-adaptive threshold level module according to signal amplitude and starting a decoding switch by a receiving switch according to the decoding receiving threshold and the time; and then performing framework pulse identification, detecting a rising edge and a falling edge as well as a pulse width, and caching the pulse when a pulse signal meets edge demands and pulse width demand at the same time; judging a secondary radar framework, detecting whether two pulses at an interval of 20.3 plus/minus 0.1 microsecond exist, judging whether the relevance of summation amplitude and difference amplitude is met according to a summation difference signal, and if both of the two conditions are met, confirming that the secondary radar signal is detected and storing feature information of the secondary radar signal; and finally, according to the feature information of a pulse framework, performing information code extraction, confidence bit extraction and data fusion, thereby finishing decoding. The method provided by the invention can be applied to a large dynamic range under a complex environment and can be used for greatly enhancing the accuracy and sensitivity for processing the secondary radar signal.

Description

A kind of secondary radar signal decoding method
Technical field
The present invention relates to be specifically related to a kind of secondary radar signal decoding method with a kind of Radar Signal Processing technology.
Background technology
Secondary radar (SSR) is the main tool of civil aviation system to aircraft enforcement control, and it is and the corresponding a kind of radar standard of primary radar.Primary radar is that the reflection wave by aerial target comes recognition objective, and the working method of secondary radar is different with primary radar.Secondary radar sends inquiry by the inquisitor of land station or airborne equipment to aerial target, and the answering machine of aerial target sends answer signal after receiving interrogating signal, and land station or airborne equipment are discerned aerial target by receiving answer signal.
Along with development of aviation, aerial target is more and more, especially some large-scale airports, takeoff and landing are very frequent, and aloft the certain limit internal object is more for a long time for the A/C pattern monopulse answer signal of secondary radar, it is very serious to overlap, can bring bigger interference to the correct identification of target, also there is the target phantom in the A/C pattern simultaneously, asynchronous problem such as crosstalk, in complicated day by day spatial domain environment, the signal Processing of A/C pattern is also increasingly sophisticated.
Traditional secondary radar answer signal disposal route is at first to realize the extraction and the storage of signal binaryzation, Sidelobe Suppression, pulse, carrying out framework according to the data of storage again searches, reject false framework according to the amplitude of framework pulse, information pulse is searched in pulse according to framework again, realizes the target decoding.This method has the very high false alarm rate and the bit error rate in the environment of highdensity spatial domain.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to existing secondary radar in the environment of highdensity spatial domain, have the very high false alarm rate and the problem of the bit error rate, and a kind of secondary radar signal decoding method is provided.This method can be applied to great dynamic range under the complex environment, and can improve the accuracy rate and the sensitivity of secondary radar signal Processing greatly.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of secondary radar signal decoding method, this method is used for two paths of signals is handled, and finishes decoding, and it comprises the steps:
(1) adaptive threshold level module basis and signal amplitude produce decoding and accept threshold level, and receiving key accepts threshold level according to decoding and the time starts switch decoder, and signal validity is adjudicated;
(2) carry out the framework pulse recognition, detect rising edge, negative edge and pulsewidth are when pulse signal satisfies when requiring to require with pulsewidth simultaneously, with this pulse buffer memory;
(3) carry out the judgement of secondary radar framework, detect two pulses that whether exist at a distance of 20.3 ± 0.1 microseconds, and by checking whether satisfy and the correlativity of amplitude and spread degree with, difference signal, if two conditions are all satisfied, then confirm to detect the secondary radar signal, and preserve the characteristic information of this signal;
(4) characteristic information according to the pulse framework carries out the message code extraction, puts the letter position and extracts, and data fusion is finished decoding.
In one embodiment of this invention, the described signal that is used to decode is handled early stage as follows: at first radio-frequency front-end is sent 2 tunnel intermediate-freuqncy signals, carry out bandpass sampling respectively, bandpass filtering, then this two paths of signals is done and computing, difference operation, finish digital demodulation at last, low-pass filtering obtains 2 tunnel vision signals and carries out signal Processing, data parsing.
In another embodiment of the present invention, described decoding is accepted threshold level and is comprised the minimum triggering level (MTL) that is used for the framework pulse recognition and be used for the control of time of reception switch, the relevant level of the asynchronous answer signal of crosstalking of shielded signal.
Further, described minimum triggering level (MTL) is based on that amplitude mean value generates, and the relevant level of described answer signal is the mean value in the highest amplitude interval of probability density distribution.
Further, in the described step (1) will with signal lag 21 microseconds, calculate the relevant level of the minimum triggering level (MTL) of nearest 21 microseconds and answer signal more respectively, at last simultaneously will and signal, minimum triggering level (MTL) and the answer signal level that is concerned with is sent into and is accepted switch control module.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the process of carrying out the framework pulse recognition in the described step (2) comprises the steps:
(21) digitized signal is carried out the forward position judgement respectively, pulsewidth judgement and back are along judgement, and processing clock is 10M;
(22) when pulse width is 4 to 6 cycles, judge that this pulse satisfies the pulsewidth requirement;
(23) when first periodic signal amplitude of pulse and second period amplitude simultaneously greater than minimum triggering level (MTL), and the 3rd periodic amplitude is less than minimum triggering level (MTL), and the second period amplitude than the 3rd cycle greater than 5, and first periodic signal amplitude is not more than 5 than second period, is judged as the forward position of this pulse;
(24) carry out the judgement on edge afterwards according to step (23);
(24) confirm the first framework pulse according to pulse front edge and pulse width, confirm the second framework pulse according to pulse back edge and pulse width;
(25) carry out pulse and merge, when the first framework pulse and second framework pulse distance are 4 to 6 clock period, think that the first framework pulse and the second framework pulse are framework pulses, otherwise be two framework pulses.
In another embodiment of the present invention, described step is also carried out judging confidence to each code pulse in (4), and when pulse was satisfied two answer signal frameworks simultaneously, then the degree of confidence of this code pulse was low, otherwise was high.
Further, according to the inquire response number of times, the degree of confidence of code pulse is carried out data fusion in the described step (4).
This method is at first carried out bandpass sampling to the two-way intermediate-freuqncy signal of radio-frequency front-end, realize digitizing, do then and differ from processing, digital demodulation, last two-way digital video signal is finished decoded signal and is handled, and this processing relates to the adaptive threshold level, the control of time of reception switch, pulse recognition, framework judgement and code extract technology such as data fusion.This jamproof secondary radar signal decoding method has following characteristics:
(1) adopts adaptive algorithm, can realize that the great dynamic range of signal and high sensitivity receive;
(2) antijamming capability is strong, has effectively solved signal aliasing and problem such as crosstalk;
(3) adopt the streamline mode of operation, decoding real-time height;
(4) based on idea of Software Radio, realize if digitization, dirigibility is strong, the accuracy height;
(5) adopt FPGA to realize, make that the hardware volume reduces, power consumption reduces, cost reduces;
(6) use the system decodes ability of this method strong, speed is fast, volume is little, low in energy consumption, cost is low, has remarkable advantages in market competition, can produce high economic benefit.
Description of drawings
Further specify the present invention below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is receiver principle block diagram among the present invention.
Fig. 2 is decoding process figure of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is adaptive threshold level theory diagram among the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a middle frame pulse recognition process flow diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 5 extracts schematic diagram for code among the present invention.
Embodiment
For technological means, creation characteristic that the present invention is realized, reach purpose and effect is easy to understand, below in conjunction with concrete diagram, further set forth the present invention.
The present invention at first carries out bandpass sampling to the two-way intermediate-freuqncy signal of radio-frequency front-end, realizes digitizing, and do then and differ from processings, digital demodulation, the two-way digital video signal is finished the decoded signal processing at last.This processing relates to the adaptive threshold level, the control of time of reception switch, and pulse recognition, framework judgement and code extract technology such as data fusion.
Based on principle, concrete enforcement of the present invention is as follows:
Referring to Fig. 1, during the operation of receiver that adopts among the present invention, at first send 2 tunnel intermediate-freuqncy signals by radio-frequency front-end, carry out bandpass sampling respectively, bandpass filtering is realized digitizing; Then this two paths of signals is done and difference operation, finished digital demodulation at last, low-pass filtering obtains 2 tunnel vision signals and carries out signal Processing, data parsing.
The process following (referring to Fig. 2) that the present invention decodes to above-mentioned two-path video signal:
Step 1, adaptive threshold level module basis and signal amplitude produce decoding and accept threshold level, and receiving key accepts threshold level according to decoding and the time starts switch decoder, and signal validity is adjudicated.
Step 2 is carried out the framework pulse recognition, detects rising edge, and negative edge and pulsewidth are when pulse signal satisfies when requiring to require with pulsewidth simultaneously, with this pulse buffer memory.
Step 3, carry out the judgement of secondary radar framework, detect two pulses that whether exist at a distance of 20.3 ± 0.1 microseconds, and by checking whether satisfy and the correlativity of amplitude and spread degree with, difference signal, if two conditions are all satisfied, then confirm to detect the secondary radar signal, and preserve the characteristic information of this signal;
Step 4 is carried out message code according to the characteristic information of pulse framework and is extracted, and puts the letter position and extracts, and data fusion is decoded like this and finished.
Wherein, in the step 1, the threshold level that adaptive threshold level module produces can be used in the great dynamic range decoding.
Adaptive threshold level (being that threshold level is accepted in above-mentioned decoding) has two purposes, and the one, produce minimum triggering level (MTL), be used for the identification of framework pulse, guarantee the high sensitivity and the great dynamic range acceptance of signal; The 2nd, produce the relevant level of answer signal, be used for the control of time of reception switch, the asynchronous of shielded signal crosstalked.
The secondary radar answer signal is spaced apart 20.3 microsecond framework pulses and is formed by a pair of.The code pulse position starts from 1.45 microseconds behind first framework pulse front edge, is 1.45 microseconds at interval.All pulse widths are the 0.45+0.1 microsecond, and 1 in the answer codes and 0 represented by having or not of code pulse that respectively 13 code pulses are arranged at most in the framework.
Making an uproar in the end of supposing signal is 0, and the range value of pulse is V1, and the amplitude mean value maximal value of an answer signal is V so Max=0.33V1, minimum value is V Min=0.04V1.This method just is being based on amplitude mean value and is generating MTL, MTL=V* α, and α is an environmental coefficient, decide according to actual environment.The relevant level of answer signal then is according to probability distribution rule, adds up the highest amplitude interval of probability density distribution in 21 microseconds, gets its mean value, is relevant level.
Referring to Fig. 2, in the method, at first with video and signal by chronotron 21 microseconds of delaying time, calculate the MTL and the relevant level of nearest 21 microseconds more respectively, MTL that so this moment obtains and relevant level are exactly the video of time-delay 21 microseconds and the relating value of signal, simultaneously with video and signal, MTL and relevant level are sent into and are accepted switch control module at last.
The control of receiving key is used for the judgement of signal validity in the step 1.
Receiving key control comprises time of reception control and the level judgement that is concerned with, and these two kinds of methods have significantly reduced the synchronous interference and asynchronous the crosstalking of system in the practical project experiment.
Once complete secondary radar inquire response time T s=T t+ T r+ 2T+T 0, T tFor the system of transmitter consuming time, T rFor the system of receiver consuming time, T 0Be the processing time of answering machine, T is the transmission time of one way distance, system's one timing, T t, T r, T 0Fix, T=L/V, so, T sOnly relevant with the distance L of answering machine, like this, by control T s, can control recently and the farthest receiving range of answer signal, reduce synchronous interference.
The mode of wireless signal in free space is
P r ( d ) = P t G t G r λ 2 ( 4 π ) 2 d 2 L
As can be known, the decay of wireless signal in the space is and square being directly proportional of distance, in the secondary radar system, the amplitude of answer signal with reply the distance be inversely proportional to, so in the method, promptly relevant level of answer signal and T are inversely proportional to, and the relevant level Vs of answer signal can be expressed as
V s = A L
Thus, each answer signal can calculate its relevant level Vs according to response time, and adaptive threshold level module generates the relevant level Vs ' of answer signal, if this answer signal is initiatively inquire response, the value of Vs and Vs ' is associated so, being associated herein is the correlativity of amplitude, be Vs and Vs ' amplitude difference within the specific limits), according to this principle, if Vs and Vs ' are incoherent, invalid response is regarded it as in initiatively inquire response of this answer signal right and wrong so, has significantly reduced asynchronous crosstalking by this scheme.
By rising edge, negative edge and pulsewidth are carried out the framework pulse recognition in the step 2
Under the complex environment, the secondary radar answer signal exists serious signal aliasing and pulse to overlap, and at this situation, this method is by rising edge, and negative edge and pulsewidth are carried out pulse recognition, have solved the problem of burying of pulse edge, have improved the recognition capability of pulse.
The flow process of pulse recognition is as shown in Figure 4:
At first, digitized vision signal is carried out forward position judgement (being rising edge) respectively, pulsewidth judgement and back are along judgement (being negative edge), and processing clock is 10M;
When pulse width is 4 to 6 cycles, think that this pulse satisfies the pulsewidth requirement;
When first periodic signal amplitude and second period amplitude simultaneously greater than MTL, and the 3rd periodic amplitude is less than MTL, and the second period amplitude than the 3rd cycle greater than 5, and first periodic signal amplitude is not more than 5 than second period, thinks the rising edge of pulse so;
In like manner, carry out the judgement on edge, back according to last step;
Then, confirm framework pulse A, confirm framework pulse B according to pulse back edge and pulse width according to pulse front edge and pulse width; Carry out pulse at last and merge, when pulse A and pulse B distance are 4 to 6 clock period, think that then pulse A and pulse B are actually a framework pulse, otherwise be two framework pulses.
Step (3) basis and difference signal are finished framework judgement, characteristic information extraction
Consider crosstalking synchronously of answer signal, i.e. a pulse of a pulse of A answer signal and B answer signal is mistaken for one and effectively replys framework, and this method adopts and difference signal is finished the framework judgement jointly, efficiently solves the problem of crosstalking synchronously.
The framework judging module is carried out framework judgement according to positional information and amplitude information, spread degree information, at first, with framework pulse delay 20.3us, i.e. 203 cycles; Then, two paths of signals is carried out position judgement and amplitude judgement and the judgement of spread degree respectively, one the tunnel is original framework pulse, another road is the framework pulse after delaying time, when two paths of signals differs one-period on the time, then think its satisfied the requirement of position judgement and amplitude judgement and the judgement of spread degree be the requirement two paths of signals with amplitude and spread degree maintenance amplitude dependency, correlativity is meant that the amplitude of two paths of signals differs in certain limit; At last, reply framework and confirm, have only when two paths of signals and satisfied the position judgement simultaneously, during with amplitude judgement and the judgement of spread degree, just think an answer signal framework, and provide the feature level of this answer signal simultaneously, be used for ensuing information bit and extract.
Step 4, code extracts and data fusion
Referring to Fig. 5, the flow process that the code pulse of an answer signal shown in it extracts,
As seen from the figure, when carrying out code pulse, respectively to adjudicating with signal and difference signal, this example with signal be example, introduce the code pulse extracting method of single answer signal, the decision method of difference signal is with identical with the signal decision method.
When entering this module with signal, at first at the rising edge enabling counting device 1 of framework pulse F1, negative edge counter 1 zero clearing at framework pulse F2, while compares the amplitude of sampled point and this answer signal successively with reference to thresholding, if in thresholding, enabling counting device 2, if beyond thresholding, counter 2 zero clearings, and preserve the preceding count value cnt2 of counter 2 zero clearings, if this count value is 4 or 5, then preserve the count value cnt1 of counter 1 this moment, if cnt1=14*N ± 1 is changed to 1 with N position code pulse, otherwise be 0.
The code pulse decision method of difference signal is with identical with signal, and is last, will compare with the code pulse and the difference signal of signal, for a certain position code, if and the judgement of signal decision and difference signal all is 1, then this information bit is 1, and the degree of confidence of this position is a height, if have only 1 to be 1 with signal decision and difference signal judgement, this information bit is 1 so, and the degree of confidence of this position is low, and if signal decision and difference signal judgement all be 0, then this information bit is 0, and the degree of confidence of this position is high.
When having a plurality of answer signal simultaneously, be actually the parallel work-flow of a plurality of these flow processs.
Finish judging confidence at last,, carry out judgement standard once more in conjunction with the degree of confidence that code pulse provides, when if certain pulse is not satisfied two answer signal frameworks simultaneously, and code extracts the degree of confidence that provides and is height, the degree of confidence height of this this information pulse, otherwise be low.
According to the inquire response number of times, the degree of confidence of code pulse is carried out data fusion at last, and the criterion of data fusion is that the degree of confidence of response rate and code pulse reaches certain level.
Such scheme is by adopting the adaptive threshold level, and the time of reception switch is controlled, and signal is put technology such as judgement of letter position and data fusion, the accuracy rate and the sensitivity that have improved the secondary radar signal Processing greatly along processing.
More than show and described ultimate principle of the present invention, principal character and advantage of the present invention.The technician of the industry should understand; the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; that describes in the foregoing description and the instructions just illustrates principle of the present invention; without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; the present invention also has various changes and modifications, and these changes and improvements all fall in the claimed scope of the invention.The claimed scope of the present invention is defined by appending claims and equivalent thereof.

Claims (8)

1. a secondary radar signal decoding method is characterized in that, described method is used for two paths of signals is handled, and finishes decoding, and it comprises the steps:
(1) adaptive threshold level module basis and signal amplitude produce decoding and accept threshold level, and receiving key accepts threshold level according to decoding and the time starts switch decoder, and signal validity is adjudicated;
(2) carry out the framework pulse recognition, detect rising edge, negative edge and pulsewidth are when pulse signal satisfies when requiring to require with pulsewidth simultaneously, with this pulse buffer memory;
(3) carry out the judgement of secondary radar framework, detect two pulses that whether exist at a distance of 20.3 ± 0.1 microseconds, and by checking whether satisfy and the correlativity of amplitude and spread degree with, difference signal, if two conditions are all satisfied, then confirm to detect the secondary radar signal, and preserve the characteristic information of this signal;
(4) characteristic information according to the pulse framework carries out the message code extraction, puts the letter position and extracts, and data fusion is finished decoding.
2. a kind of secondary radar signal decoding method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the described signal that is used to decode is handled early stage as follows: at first radio-frequency front-end is sent 2 tunnel intermediate-freuqncy signals, carry out bandpass sampling respectively, bandpass filtering is done and computing, difference operation this two paths of signals then, finishes digital demodulation at last, low-pass filtering obtains 2 tunnel vision signals and carries out signal Processing, data parsing.
3. a kind of secondary radar signal decoding method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described decoding is accepted threshold level and comprised the minimum triggering level that is used for the framework pulse recognition and be used for the control of time of reception switch, the relevant level of the asynchronous answer signal of crosstalking of shielded signal.
4. a kind of secondary radar signal decoding method according to claim 3 is characterized in that, described minimum triggering level is based on that amplitude mean value generates, and the relevant level of described answer signal is the mean value in the highest amplitude interval of probability density distribution.
5. according to claim 1 or 3 described a kind of secondary radar signal decoding methods, it is characterized in that, in the described step (1) will with signal lag 21 microseconds, calculate the minimum triggering level and the relevant level of answer signal of nearest 21 microseconds more respectively, at last simultaneously will and signal, the relevant level of minimum triggering level and answer signal is sent into and is accepted switch control module.
6. a kind of secondary radar signal decoding method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the process of carrying out the framework pulse recognition in the described step (2) comprises the steps:
(21) digitized signal is carried out the forward position judgement respectively, pulsewidth judgement and back are along judgement, and processing clock is 10M;
(22) when pulse width is 4 to 6 cycles, judge that this pulse satisfies the pulsewidth requirement;
(23) when first periodic signal amplitude of pulse and second period amplitude simultaneously greater than minimum triggering level, and the 3rd periodic amplitude is less than minimum triggering level, and the second period amplitude than the 3rd cycle greater than 5, and first periodic signal amplitude is not more than 5 than second period, is judged as the forward position of this pulse;
(24) carry out the judgement on edge afterwards according to step (23);
(24) confirm the first framework pulse according to pulse front edge and pulse width, confirm the second framework pulse according to pulse back edge and pulse width;
(25) carry out pulse and merge, when the first framework pulse and second framework pulse distance are 4 to 6 clock period, think that the first framework pulse and the second framework pulse are framework pulses, otherwise be two framework pulses.
7. a kind of secondary radar signal decoding method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described step is also carried out judging confidence to each code pulse in (4), when pulse is satisfied two answer signal frameworks simultaneously, then the degree of confidence of this code pulse is low, otherwise is high.
8. according to claim 1 or 7 described a kind of secondary radar signal decoding methods, it is characterized in that according to the inquire response number of times, the degree of confidence of code pulse is carried out data fusion in the described step (4).
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CN109270520B (en) * 2018-10-18 2020-05-19 四川九洲空管科技有限责任公司 Processing method for acquiring secondary radar response target identity code based on amplitude information
CN109725308A (en) * 2018-12-13 2019-05-07 四川九洲空管科技有限责任公司 A kind of second set response interpretation method based on phase property
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CN113534064B (en) * 2021-07-23 2024-03-22 成都九洲迪飞科技有限责任公司 Method for determining decoding threshold, pulse radar receiver, device and medium
CN113985144A (en) * 2021-10-28 2022-01-28 长沙先度科技有限公司 IFF pulse signal detection method
CN115097411A (en) * 2022-08-24 2022-09-23 四川九洲空管科技有限责任公司 Method for extracting response code bit amplitude based on adaptive sampling secondary radar
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Application publication date: 20111228