CN102297863A - Method for evaluating smoke suppression performance of flame retardant asphalt mixture - Google Patents
Method for evaluating smoke suppression performance of flame retardant asphalt mixture Download PDFInfo
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- CN102297863A CN102297863A CN2011101269079A CN201110126907A CN102297863A CN 102297863 A CN102297863 A CN 102297863A CN 2011101269079 A CN2011101269079 A CN 2011101269079A CN 201110126907 A CN201110126907 A CN 201110126907A CN 102297863 A CN102297863 A CN 102297863A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for evaluating smoke suppression performance of flame retardant asphalt mixture, belonging to the field of road engineering. The method comprises the following specific steps of: manufacturing a track test piece of flame retardant asphalt mixture with the standard size of 300 mm*300 mm*50 mm according to the T0703-1993 wheel grinding method in Test Instructions of Road Engineering Asphalt and Asphalt Mixture (JTJ052-2000); after curing the test piece, demoulding to carry out a direct combustion simulation test, and photographing a combustion smoke picture of the test piece; processing the photographed combustion image picture, dividing the picture into a plurality of small grids, and circling combustion smoke in the picture; calculating the area of smoke through a formula according to the processed picture, and evaluating the smoke suppression performance of the flame retardant asphalt mixture according to the area of the smoke. The smoke suppression performance of the flame retardant asphalt mixture is evaluated by using the method; the disadvantages of insufficient test equipment, expensive cost, high operation difficulty and the like are overcome; furthermore, the relevance between the test result and the smoke suppression performance of the flame retardant asphalt mixture is good.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the road engineering field, relate to a kind of evaluation method of antiflaming asphalt mixture smoke suppressing.
Background technology
Along with the extension of transport need, tunnel and the underpass ratio in road construction also improves gradually.The cement pavement open to traffic is slow, the shortcoming of road-ability difference has restricted its application in vcehicular tunnel; And bituminous pavement relies on advantages such as noise is low, skid resistance good, driving is comfortable, becomes the development trend of present paving.Yet the tunnel is the special construction of a relative closure, and pitch is again a kind of combustible material, under taking place, traffic hazard causes fire easily, consequent smog can fill the air whole tunnel and can't dissipate fast, contain volatile matter such as a spot of benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, pyridine, acridine, carbazole and phenol in the smog, cause heavy losses can for broad masses of the people's lives and properties.Therefore, the smoke suppressing of research tunnel antiflaming asphalt mixture is selected smoke suppressing fire retardant preferably, has extremely important meaning.
Antiflaming asphalt mixture is to replace breeze to add in the asphalt fire retardant, make it to have good pavement performance and fire resistance, simultaneously also good smoke suppressing should be arranged, could reduce accident rate like this, after accident takes place, also can not cause heavy losses simultaneously.At present, the smoke suppressing evaluation index of antiflaming asphalt mixture is mainly contained the amount of smoke and the smokescope of pitch both at home and abroad, concrete evaluation method has following several:
(1) adopting benzene is the ultraviolet spectrophotometry of absorption liquid, measures the quality of the cigarette of flame-retardant pitch generation, and quality is big more, and smoke suppressing is good more.Concrete test method is as follows:
A) get an amount of pitch and put into the 250mL Erlenmeyer flask, the lower end of submergence thermometer, heating and control asphalt temperature on electric furnace, agitation as appropriate makes the pitch thermally equivalent;
B) two U type fritted glass disk bubblers of series connection, every adds about 10mL benzene as absorption liquid, be connected on the air sampler, flow with 0.5L/min extracts the pitch volatile matter that melts in the Erlenmeyer flask, absorption liquid to the absorption tube is till the fluorescent yellow, the time of record sampling, obtain sampling volume;
C) quality of accurate weighing evaporating dish, pour the absorption liquid in the absorption tube into evaporating dish, add a spot of benzene again and clean absorption tube, and then pour evaporating dish into, the baking oven of evaporating dish being put into 80 ℃ dries to constant weight, weigh once more, the front and back quality that is glance coal that benzole soln absorbs of poor quality, the yellow residue that stay in the evaporating dish this moment is a glance coal.
(2) adopt electromagnetic oven heating.The vessel that modified bitumen is housed are placed on the electromagnetic oven of temperature controllable and heat, analyze the mass change before and after the modified bitumen heating.Estimate principle and (1) roughly the same.
(3) utilization differential scanning calorimetry (Differential Scanning Calorimeter, be called for short DSC), can analyze the Changing Pattern of aggregative state component in the modified bitumen, by analyzing the modified bitumen mass loss of being heated, and then analyze pressing down fumicants and whether pitch having been produced smoke suppressing effect of adding.Estimate principle and (1), (2) roughly the same.
(4) smoke density method.Be defined as the smog of the test specimen of regulation exposed area in the smoke box internal combustion generation of specified volume, the transmittance of measuring the parallel beam unit's of passing optical path length in smog changes, and calculates specific optical density Ds again, and Ds is big more, and smoke density is big more, and smoke suppressing is good more.Smoke density adopts smoke density case test instrument to carry out usually, according to " building materials burning or the smoke density test method of decomposing " smoke box volume V (GB/T8627-2007) is 300mmx300mm x790mm, the exposure A of test specimen is 25mmx25mm, optical path length L is 300mm, and the combustion gas propane pressure is 276kPa.
The smog quality that first three kind in the above evaluation method produces when measuring the flame-retardant pitch burning, the 4th kind by measuring, calculate the smoke density that the antiflaming asphalt mixture burning produces, quantitative test the smoke suppressing effect of flame-retardant pitch, but the testing equipment that this several method action need is comparatively accurate, and experimentation cost costliness.For the limited testing laboratory of test condition, carry out very difficulty of smoke suppressing evaluation test, and first three kind can only test to flame-retardant pitch, can not fine simulated roadway asphalt burning.In order to overcome above difficulty, this paper invents " a kind of antiflaming asphalt mixture smoke suppressing evaluation method ".In general, the smoke suppressing effect of fire retardant is good more, and living cigarette amount is few more during the bitumen mixture specimen burning, and the smog area is also more little.Therefore, adopt smog area size to come that the smoke suppressing of antiflaming asphalt mixture is had good feasibility.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of antiflaming asphalt mixture smoke suppressing evaluation method, this method can be estimated the smoke suppressing effect of antiflaming asphalt mixture qualitatively, and compares additive method, and feasibility and cheap property are preferably arranged.
A kind of antiflaming asphalt mixture smoke suppressing evaluation method that the present invention proposes, concrete steps are as follows:
(1). design antiflaming asphalt mixture as requested, adopt " highway engineering pitch and asphalt testing regulations " (JTJ052-2000) T0703-1993 rolling method, the antiflaming asphalt mixture rut test piece of production standard size 300mm * 300mm * 50mm;
(2). after test specimen placed normal temperature health 12h, direct combustion simulation test was carried out in the demoulding, and test method is: with the parallel placement of test specimen, evenly water on the test specimen surface and to spill the 10ml detonator and light immediately, add 10ml every 1min then, adds 30ml altogether 3 times.Treat to take the test specimen fired state immediately after the 30ml detonator adds;
(3). the picture that takes in the step (2) is handled: using Photoshop is some little grids with the smog image division that obtains, and regulating picture brightness simultaneously is 95, and contrast is 55, observes the smog surface area also with thick black lines mark; Then picture brightness and contrast are reverted to original state, brightness is 0, and contrast is 0, observes the outer smog area of lines marked region, with thin black lines mark; The thick black lines smog zone that finally obtains is darker regions, and promptly smokescope is big, and thin black lines smog zone is a light areas, and promptly smokescope is little;
(4). according to the picture after handling in the step (3), number the publish picture shared number of squares in the positive limit of rut plate and the number of squares of smog smog that image comprises in the picture, surpass half-space and calculate lattice, discontented half-space is cast out, according to the color mark among the figure smog area is weighted processing again, darker regions shows that smokescope is bigger, and weighting heavily is 1.0; Light color shows that smokescope is less, and weight gets 0.5; According to the firm and hard border of rut width size 300mm, by formula (1) calculates the actual actual smog area of reflection in the photo at last, estimates the smoke suppressing effect of antiflaming asphalt mixture by smog area size.
Among the present invention, detonator is selected 97# gasoline for use described in the step (2).
Among the present invention, the positive limit of rut plate is in the image parallel with the photo horizontal edge and at a distance of nearest edges of boards in the step (4).
Among the present invention, computing formula (1) is as follows in the step (4):
In the formula, S: actual smog area size in the photo, m
2
N
1: dark smog zone number of squares in the picture;
N
2: light smog zone number of squares in the picture;
C
1: dark smog region weight coefficient 1.0 in the picture;
C
2: light smog region weight coefficient 0.5 in the picture;
L: the long 300mm of rut edges of boards;
N: the shared number of squares in the positive limit of rut plate;
Use the present invention to carry out the evaluation of antiflaming asphalt mixture smoke suppressing, not only simple to operate, the feasibility height, simulate effect is good, and data reappearance is good, can be qualitative and quantitative test antiflaming asphalt mixture combustion fumes area, for the smoke suppressing effect evaluation of antiflaming asphalt mixture provides a kind of practicable evaluation method.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the rut plate test specimen burning image before and after handling.Wherein: the smog image when (a) burning, (b) the smog image after the processing.
Image processing process is that picture is opened with Photoshop, and show grid, mesh spacing is that 10mm shows 4 lattice, adjusts the brightness and contrast then, observe image smog district, and use thick black line and thin black line marking image smog darker regions and light areas respectively.
Embodiment
Below by example the present invention is described in further details.
1. the technical feature of SBS modified bitumen is as shown in table 1.Test findings shows, the complete compliant requirement of SBS modified asphalt technology index that this test is used.
The basic technical indicator of table 1 SBS modified bitumen
| Index | Pen. (mm) | 5 ℃ of ductilities (cm) | Softening point (℃) | Flash-point (℃) |
| Test findings | 50.0 | 31.5 | 80.6 | 285 |
| Technical requirement | 40~60 | ≥20 | ≥60 | ≥250 |
2. the used fire retardant of example is 1500 purpose magnesium hydroxides, and fire retardant dosage selects 4%, 7%, 10% respectively, 15%(accounts for the asphalt content ratio).The physical property of flame retardant of magnesium hydroxide is as shown in table 2.
The physical property of table 2 flame retardant of magnesium hydroxide
| Fire retardant | Chemical symbol | Proterties | Density (g/cm 3） | Heat decomposition temperature (℃) |
| Magnesium hydroxide | MH | White powder | 2.36 | 320~420 |
3. the compound kind of design selected for use of this example is SMA-13, and bitumen aggregate ratio is 6.2%, and the design grating is as shown in table 3.
Table 3 SMA-13 compound design grating
| Sieve aperture (mm) | 16 | 13.2 | 9.5 | 4.75 | 2.36 | 1.18 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.15 | 0.075 |
| Design grating (%) | 100.0 | 92.2 | 61.3 | 29.4 | 21.8 | 18.0 | 15.8 | 13.2 | 12.0 | 10.3 |
Annotate: the building stones of 4.75 ~ 13.2mm are diabase, and all the other are ls.
Adopt test material in above-mentioned according to " highway engineering pitch and asphalt testing regulations " (JTJ052-2000) T0703-1993 rolling method moulding standard size 300mm * 300mm * 50mm antiflaming asphalt mixture rut plate test specimen; After treating that the health test specimen finishes, direct burning test is carried out in the demoulding, and takes test specimen burning photo; Again the smog image that takes is handled; Calculate rut test piece combustion fumes area by analysis meter at last, and then relatively carry out the smoke suppressing evaluation.
In general, the smoke suppressing effect of fire retardant is good more, and living cigarette amount is few more during the bitumen mixture specimen burning, and the smog area is also more little.Based on this principle, the smog image was handled when asphalt rut plate test specimen was burnt, and obtained the smog area.Fig. 1 (a) is the smog image of MH various dose rut test piece, and the size of smog area depends on amount of smoke and smokescope.The smokescope that the depth of smog color and compound burning generate has direct relation.Therefore, be some lattices at first with the smog image division that obtains, number goes out the shared number of squares in the positive limit of rut plate in the number of squares that comprises smog in the smog image and the image, according to the smog colourity among the figure amount of smoke area is weighted processing again; According to the firm and hard border of rut width size 300mm, calculate the actual actual smog area of reflection in the photo at last according to formula (1).As, dark color shows that smokescope is bigger, weighting heavily is the thick black line zone among 1.0(Fig. 1 (b)); Light color shows that smokescope is less, and weight is got the thin black line zone among 0.5(Fig. 1 (b)).
The positive limit 300mm of rut plate accounts for 14 grids in the drawings among Fig. 1, and then the actual length of side of each grid is 21.4mm, and then calculates the smog area by shared grid of smog in the picture and smog colourity.Asphalt rut test piece smog area result of calculation when table 4 has provided use MH fire retardant.
Table 4 antiflaming asphalt mixture smog area calculates
| MH dosage (%) | The darker regions grid | The light areas grid | Synthetic regional grid | Smog area (m 2） |
| 10 | 414 | 0 | 414 | 0.190 |
| 15 | 288 | 0 | 288 | 0.132 |
| 20 | 113 | 176 | 201 | 0.092 |
| 30 | 0 | 38 | 19 | 0.009 |
As can be seen from Table 4: after adding fire retardant, rut test piece combustion fumes area reduces, and increases with the fire retardant volume, and the smog area reduces gradually, from 0.190 m
2Be reduced to 0.009 m
2, Changing Pattern is remarkable, and illustrating with fire-retardant and volume increases, and smoke suppressing effect is good more.As seen, adopt the smog area to estimate the antiflaming asphalt mixture smoke suppressing good feasibility is just arranged.
By example as can be seen, use the present invention records the combustion fumes area of antiflaming asphalt mixture, and is good with the smoke suppressing effect correlativity of antiflaming asphalt mixture.Not only can quantitative evaluation antiflaming asphalt mixture smoke suppressing, and can overcome the testing equipment deficiency, shortcoming such as cost costliness and operation easier are big.
Claims (4)
1. antiflaming asphalt mixture smoke suppressing evaluation method is characterized in that concrete steps are as follows:
(1), the design antiflaming asphalt mixture, according to " highway engineering pitch and asphalt testing regulations " (JTJ052-2000) in T0703-1993 rolling method, the antiflaming asphalt mixture rut test piece of production standard size 300mm * 300mm * 50mm;
(2), behind the test specimen normal temperature health 12h that step (1) is obtained, the test of direct combustion simulation is carried out in the demoulding, and test method is: with the parallel placement of test specimen, evenly water on the test specimen surface and to spill the 10ml detonator and light immediately, add 10ml every 1min then, add 3 times and amount to 30ml; Treat to take the test specimen fired state immediately after the 30ml detonator adds;
(3), the picture that takes in the step (2) is handled: using Photoshop is some little grids with the smog image division that obtains, and regulating picture brightness simultaneously is 95, and contrast is 55, observes the smog surface area also with thick black lines mark; Then picture brightness and contrast are reverted to original state, brightness is 0, and contrast is 0, observes the outer smog area of lines marked region, with thin black lines mark; The thick black lines smog zone that finally obtains is darker regions, and promptly smokescope is big, and thin black lines smog zone is a light areas, and promptly smokescope is little;
(4), according to the picture after handling in the step (3), number the publish picture shared number of squares in the positive limit of rut plate and the number of squares of smog smog that image comprises in the picture, calculate lattice by surpassing half-space, discontented half-space is cast out, according to the color mark among the figure smog area is weighted processing again, darker regions shows that smokescope is bigger, and weighting heavily is 1.0; Light color shows that smokescope is less, and weight gets 0.5; According to the firm and hard border of rut width size 300mm, by formula calculate the actual actual smog area of reflection in the photo at last, estimate the smoke suppressing effect of antiflaming asphalt mixture by smog area size.
2. antiflaming asphalt mixture smoke suppressing evaluation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: detonator is selected 97# gasoline for use described in the step (2).
3. antiflaming asphalt mixture smoke suppressing evaluation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the positive limit of rut plate is in the image parallel with the photo horizontal edge and at a distance of nearest edges of boards in the step (4).
4. antiflaming asphalt mixture smoke suppressing evaluation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: computing formula is as follows described in the step (4):
In the formula, S: actual smog area size in the photo, m
2
N
1: dark smog zone number of squares in the picture;
N
2: light smog zone number of squares in the picture;
C
1: dark smog region weight coefficient 1.0 in the picture;
C
2: light smog region weight coefficient 1.0 in the picture;
L: the long 300mm of rut edges of boards;
N: the shared number of squares in the positive limit of rut plate.
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| CN103293079A (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2013-09-11 | 南京林业大学 | Method for evaluating flame retardant efficiency of asphalt |
| CN103499598A (en) * | 2013-10-16 | 2014-01-08 | 南京林业大学 | Method for evaluating suppression effect of smoke suppressor on release process of asphalt thermal decomposition product |
| CN104931661A (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2015-09-23 | 武汉科技大学 | Method for bench measuring and testing of soot concentration |
| CN108827895A (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2018-11-16 | 上海宝钢工业技术服务有限公司 | The measuring method of asphalt smoke concentration in uncontrollable discharge |
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Cited By (6)
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| CN104931661A (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2015-09-23 | 武汉科技大学 | Method for bench measuring and testing of soot concentration |
| CN104931661B (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2016-08-24 | 武汉科技大学 | A kind of method that bench is measured and checked soot concentration |
| CN108827895A (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2018-11-16 | 上海宝钢工业技术服务有限公司 | The measuring method of asphalt smoke concentration in uncontrollable discharge |
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